Merge pull request #16422 from CarolEidt/Fix15037

[platform/upstream/coreclr.git] / src / jit / lsra.cpp

// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.

/*
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

                 Linear Scan Register Allocation

                         a.k.a. LSRA

  Preconditions
    - All register requirements are expressed in the code stream, either as destination
      registers of tree nodes, or as internal registers.  These requirements are
      expressed in the TreeNodeInfo computed for each node, which includes:
      - The number of register sources and destinations.
      - The register restrictions (candidates) of the target register, both from itself,
        as producer of the value (dstCandidates), and from its consuming node (srcCandidates).
        Note that the srcCandidates field of TreeNodeInfo refers to the destination register
        (not any of its sources).
      - The number (internalCount) of registers required, and their register restrictions (internalCandidates).
        These are neither inputs nor outputs of the node, but used in the sequence of code generated for the tree.
    "Internal registers" are registers used during the code sequence generated for the node.
    The register lifetimes must obey the following lifetime model:
    - First, any internal registers are defined.
    - Next, any source registers are used (and are then freed if they are last use and are not identified as
      "delayRegFree").
    - Next, the internal registers are used (and are then freed).
    - Next, any registers in the kill set for the instruction are killed.
    - Next, the destination register(s) are defined (multiple destination registers are only supported on ARM)
    - Finally, any "delayRegFree" source registers are freed.
  There are several things to note about this order:
    - The internal registers will never overlap any use, but they may overlap a destination register.
    - Internal registers are never live beyond the node.
    - The "delayRegFree" annotation is used for instructions that are only available in a Read-Modify-Write form.
      That is, the destination register is one of the sources.  In this case, we must not use the same register for
      the non-RMW operand as for the destination.

  Overview (doLinearScan):
    - Walk all blocks, building intervals and RefPositions (buildIntervals)
    - Allocate registers (allocateRegisters)
    - Annotate nodes with register assignments (resolveRegisters)
    - Add move nodes as needed to resolve conflicting register
      assignments across non-adjacent edges. (resolveEdges, called from resolveRegisters)

  Postconditions:

    Tree nodes (GenTree):
    - GenTree::gtRegNum (and gtRegPair for ARM) is annotated with the register
      assignment for a node. If the node does not require a register, it is
      annotated as such (for single registers, gtRegNum = REG_NA; for register
      pair type, gtRegPair = REG_PAIR_NONE). For a variable definition or interior
      tree node (an "implicit" definition), this is the register to put the result.
      For an expression use, this is the place to find the value that has previously
      been computed.
      - In most cases, this register must satisfy the constraints specified by the TreeNodeInfo.
      - In some cases, this is difficult:
        - If a lclVar node currently lives in some register, it may not be desirable to move it
          (i.e. its current location may be desirable for future uses, e.g. if it's a callee save register,
          but needs to be in a specific arg register for a call).
        - In other cases there may be conflicts on the restrictions placed by the defining node and the node which
          consumes it
      - If such a node is constrained to a single fixed register (e.g. an arg register, or a return from a call),
        then LSRA is free to annotate the node with a different register.  The code generator must issue the appropriate
        move.
      - However, if such a node is constrained to a set of registers, and its current location does not satisfy that
        requirement, LSRA must insert a GT_COPY node between the node and its parent.  The gtRegNum on the GT_COPY node
        must satisfy the register requirement of the parent.
    - GenTree::gtRsvdRegs has a set of registers used for internal temps.
    - A tree node is marked GTF_SPILL if the tree node must be spilled by the code generator after it has been
      evaluated.
      - LSRA currently does not set GTF_SPILLED on such nodes, because it caused problems in the old code generator.
        In the new backend perhaps this should change (see also the note below under CodeGen).
    - A tree node is marked GTF_SPILLED if it is a lclVar that must be reloaded prior to use.
      - The register (gtRegNum) on the node indicates the register to which it must be reloaded.
      - For lclVar nodes, since the uses and defs are distinct tree nodes, it is always possible to annotate the node
        with the register to which the variable must be reloaded.
      - For other nodes, since they represent both the def and use, if the value must be reloaded to a different
        register, LSRA must insert a GT_RELOAD node in order to specify the register to which it should be reloaded.

    Local variable table (LclVarDsc):
    - LclVarDsc::lvRegister is set to true if a local variable has the
      same register assignment for its entire lifetime.
    - LclVarDsc::lvRegNum / lvOtherReg: these are initialized to their
      first value at the end of LSRA (it looks like lvOtherReg isn't?
      This is probably a bug (ARM)). Codegen will set them to their current value
      as it processes the trees, since a variable can (now) be assigned different
      registers over its lifetimes.

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
*/

#include "jitpch.h"
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma hdrstop
#endif

#ifndef LEGACY_BACKEND // This file is ONLY used for the RyuJIT backend that uses the linear scan register allocator

#include "lsra.h"

#ifdef DEBUG
const char* LinearScan::resolveTypeName[] = {"Split", "Join", "Critical", "SharedCritical"};
#endif // DEBUG

/*XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XX                                                                           XX
XX                    Small Helper functions                                 XX
XX                                                                           XX
XX                                                                           XX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
*/

//--------------------------------------------------------------
// lsraAssignRegToTree: Assign the given reg to tree node.
//
// Arguments:
//    tree    -    Gentree node
//    reg     -    register to be assigned
//    regIdx  -    register idx, if tree is a multi-reg call node.
//                 regIdx will be zero for single-reg result producing tree nodes.
//
// Return Value:
//    None
//
void lsraAssignRegToTree(GenTree* tree, regNumber reg, unsigned regIdx)
{
    if (regIdx == 0)
    {
        tree->gtRegNum = reg;
    }
#if defined(_TARGET_ARM_)
    else if (tree->OperIsMultiRegOp())
    {
        assert(regIdx == 1);
        GenTreeMultiRegOp* mul = tree->AsMultiRegOp();
        mul->gtOtherReg        = reg;
    }
    else if (tree->OperGet() == GT_COPY)
    {
        assert(regIdx == 1);
        GenTreeCopyOrReload* copy = tree->AsCopyOrReload();
        copy->gtOtherRegs[0]      = (regNumberSmall)reg;
    }
    else if (tree->OperIsPutArgSplit())
    {
        GenTreePutArgSplit* putArg = tree->AsPutArgSplit();
        putArg->SetRegNumByIdx(reg, regIdx);
    }
#endif // _TARGET_ARM_
    else
    {
        assert(tree->IsMultiRegCall());
        GenTreeCall* call = tree->AsCall();
        call->SetRegNumByIdx(reg, regIdx);
    }
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------
// getWeight: Returns the weight of the RefPosition.
//
// Arguments:
//    refPos   -   ref position
//
// Returns:
//    Weight of ref position.
unsigned LinearScan::getWeight(RefPosition* refPos)
{
    unsigned weight;
    GenTree* treeNode = refPos->treeNode;

    if (treeNode != nullptr)
    {
        if (isCandidateLocalRef(treeNode))
        {
            // Tracked locals: use weighted ref cnt as the weight of the
            // ref position.
            GenTreeLclVarCommon* lclCommon = treeNode->AsLclVarCommon();
            LclVarDsc*           varDsc    = &(compiler->lvaTable[lclCommon->gtLclNum]);
            weight                         = varDsc->lvRefCntWtd;
            if (refPos->getInterval()->isSpilled)
            {
                // Decrease the weight if the interval has already been spilled.
                weight -= BB_UNITY_WEIGHT;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // Non-candidate local ref or non-lcl tree node.
            // These are considered to have two references in the basic block:
            // a def and a use and hence weighted ref count would be 2 times
            // the basic block weight in which they appear.
            // However, it is generally more harmful to spill tree temps, so we
            // double that.
            const unsigned TREE_TEMP_REF_COUNT    = 2;
            const unsigned TREE_TEMP_BOOST_FACTOR = 2;
            weight = TREE_TEMP_REF_COUNT * TREE_TEMP_BOOST_FACTOR * blockInfo[refPos->bbNum].weight;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // Non-tree node ref positions.  These will have a single
        // reference in the basic block and hence their weighted
        // refcount is equal to the block weight in which they
        // appear.
        weight = blockInfo[refPos->bbNum].weight;
    }

    return weight;
}

// allRegs represents a set of registers that can
// be used to allocate the specified type in any point
// in time (more of a 'bank' of registers).
regMaskTP LinearScan::allRegs(RegisterType rt)
{
    if (rt == TYP_FLOAT)
    {
        return availableFloatRegs;
    }
    else if (rt == TYP_DOUBLE)
    {
        return availableDoubleRegs;
#ifdef FEATURE_SIMD
        // TODO-Cleanup: Add an RBM_ALLSIMD
    }
    else if (varTypeIsSIMD(rt))
    {
        return availableDoubleRegs;
#endif // FEATURE_SIMD
    }
    else
    {
        return availableIntRegs;
    }
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// allMultiRegCallNodeRegs: represents a set of registers that can be used
// to allocate a multi-reg call node.
//
// Arguments:
//    call   -  Multi-reg call node
//
// Return Value:
//    Mask representing the set of available registers for multi-reg call
//    node.
//
// Note:
// Multi-reg call node available regs = Bitwise-OR(allregs(GetReturnRegType(i)))
// for all i=0..RetRegCount-1.
regMaskTP LinearScan::allMultiRegCallNodeRegs(GenTreeCall* call)
{
    assert(call->HasMultiRegRetVal());

    ReturnTypeDesc* retTypeDesc = call->GetReturnTypeDesc();
    regMaskTP       resultMask  = allRegs(retTypeDesc->GetReturnRegType(0));

    unsigned count = retTypeDesc->GetReturnRegCount();
    for (unsigned i = 1; i < count; ++i)
    {
        resultMask |= allRegs(retTypeDesc->GetReturnRegType(i));
    }

    return resultMask;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// allRegs: returns the set of registers that can accomodate the type of
// given node.
//
// Arguments:
//    tree   -  GenTree node
//
// Return Value:
//    Mask representing the set of available registers for given tree
//
// Note: In case of multi-reg call node, the full set of registers must be
// determined by looking at types of individual return register types.
// In this case, the registers may include registers from different register
// sets and will not be limited to the actual ABI return registers.
regMaskTP LinearScan::allRegs(GenTree* tree)
{
    regMaskTP resultMask;

    // In case of multi-reg calls, allRegs is defined as
    // Bitwise-Or(allRegs(GetReturnRegType(i)) for i=0..ReturnRegCount-1
    if (tree->IsMultiRegCall())
    {
        resultMask = allMultiRegCallNodeRegs(tree->AsCall());
    }
    else
    {
        resultMask = allRegs(tree->TypeGet());
    }

    return resultMask;
}

regMaskTP LinearScan::allSIMDRegs()
{
    return availableFloatRegs;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// internalFloatRegCandidates: Return the set of registers that are appropriate
//                             for use as internal float registers.
//
// Return Value:
//    The set of registers (as a regMaskTP).
//
// Notes:
//    compFloatingPointUsed is only required to be set if it is possible that we
//    will use floating point callee-save registers.
//    It is unlikely, if an internal register is the only use of floating point,
//    that it will select a callee-save register.  But to be safe, we restrict
//    the set of candidates if compFloatingPointUsed is not already set.

regMaskTP LinearScan::internalFloatRegCandidates()
{
    if (compiler->compFloatingPointUsed)
    {
        return allRegs(TYP_FLOAT);
    }
    else
    {
        return RBM_FLT_CALLEE_TRASH;
    }
}

/*****************************************************************************
 * Inline functions for RegRecord
 *****************************************************************************/

bool RegRecord::isFree()
{
    return ((assignedInterval == nullptr || !assignedInterval->isActive) && !isBusyUntilNextKill);
}

/*****************************************************************************
 * Inline functions for LinearScan
 *****************************************************************************/
RegRecord* LinearScan::getRegisterRecord(regNumber regNum)
{
    assert((unsigned)regNum < ArrLen(physRegs));
    return &physRegs[regNum];
}

#ifdef DEBUG

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// getConstrainedRegMask: Returns new regMask which is the intersection of
// regMaskActual and regMaskConstraint if the new regMask has at least
// minRegCount registers, otherwise returns regMaskActual.
//
// Arguments:
//     regMaskActual      -  regMask that needs to be constrained
//     regMaskConstraint  -  regMask constraint that needs to be
//                           applied to regMaskActual
//     minRegCount        -  Minimum number of regs that should be
//                           be present in new regMask.
//
// Return Value:
//     New regMask that has minRegCount registers after instersection.
//     Otherwise returns regMaskActual.
regMaskTP LinearScan::getConstrainedRegMask(regMaskTP regMaskActual, regMaskTP regMaskConstraint, unsigned minRegCount)
{
    regMaskTP newMask = regMaskActual & regMaskConstraint;
    if (genCountBits(newMask) >= minRegCount)
    {
        return newMask;
    }

    return regMaskActual;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// stressLimitRegs: Given a set of registers, expressed as a register mask, reduce
//            them based on the current stress options.
//
// Arguments:
//    mask      - The current mask of register candidates for a node
//
// Return Value:
//    A possibly-modified mask, based on the value of COMPlus_JitStressRegs.
//
// Notes:
//    This is the method used to implement the stress options that limit
//    the set of registers considered for allocation.

regMaskTP LinearScan::stressLimitRegs(RefPosition* refPosition, regMaskTP mask)
{
    if (getStressLimitRegs() != LSRA_LIMIT_NONE)
    {
        // The refPosition could be null, for example when called
        // by getTempRegForResolution().
        int minRegCount = (refPosition != nullptr) ? refPosition->minRegCandidateCount : 1;

        switch (getStressLimitRegs())
        {
            case LSRA_LIMIT_CALLEE:
                if (!compiler->opts.compDbgEnC)
                {
                    mask = getConstrainedRegMask(mask, RBM_CALLEE_SAVED, minRegCount);
                }
                break;

            case LSRA_LIMIT_CALLER:
            {
                mask = getConstrainedRegMask(mask, RBM_CALLEE_TRASH, minRegCount);
            }
            break;

            case LSRA_LIMIT_SMALL_SET:
                if ((mask & LsraLimitSmallIntSet) != RBM_NONE)
                {
                    mask = getConstrainedRegMask(mask, LsraLimitSmallIntSet, minRegCount);
                }
                else if ((mask & LsraLimitSmallFPSet) != RBM_NONE)
                {
                    mask = getConstrainedRegMask(mask, LsraLimitSmallFPSet, minRegCount);
                }
                break;

            default:
                unreached();
        }

        if (refPosition != nullptr && refPosition->isFixedRegRef)
        {
            mask |= refPosition->registerAssignment;
        }
    }

    return mask;
}
#endif // DEBUG

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// conflictingFixedRegReference: Determine whether the current RegRecord has a
//                               fixed register use that conflicts with 'refPosition'
//
// Arguments:
//    refPosition - The RefPosition of interest
//
// Return Value:
//    Returns true iff the given RefPosition is NOT a fixed use of this register,
//    AND either:
//    - there is a RefPosition on this RegRecord at the nodeLocation of the given RefPosition, or
//    - the given RefPosition has a delayRegFree, and there is a RefPosition on this RegRecord at
//      the nodeLocation just past the given RefPosition.
//
// Assumptions:
//    'refPosition is non-null.

bool RegRecord::conflictingFixedRegReference(RefPosition* refPosition)
{
    // Is this a fixed reference of this register?  If so, there is no conflict.
    if (refPosition->isFixedRefOfRegMask(genRegMask(regNum)))
    {
        return false;
    }
    // Otherwise, check for conflicts.
    // There is a conflict if:
    // 1. There is a recent RefPosition on this RegRecord that is at this location,
    //    except in the case where it is a special "putarg" that is associated with this interval, OR
    // 2. There is an upcoming RefPosition at this location, or at the next location
    //    if refPosition is a delayed use (i.e. must be kept live through the next/def location).

    LsraLocation refLocation = refPosition->nodeLocation;
    if (recentRefPosition != nullptr && recentRefPosition->refType != RefTypeKill &&
        recentRefPosition->nodeLocation == refLocation &&
        (!isBusyUntilNextKill || assignedInterval != refPosition->getInterval()))
    {
        return true;
    }
    LsraLocation nextPhysRefLocation = getNextRefLocation();
    if (nextPhysRefLocation == refLocation || (refPosition->delayRegFree && nextPhysRefLocation == (refLocation + 1)))
    {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

/*****************************************************************************
 * Inline functions for Interval
 *****************************************************************************/
RefPosition* Referenceable::getNextRefPosition()
{
    if (recentRefPosition == nullptr)
    {
        return firstRefPosition;
    }
    else
    {
        return recentRefPosition->nextRefPosition;
    }
}

LsraLocation Referenceable::getNextRefLocation()
{
    RefPosition* nextRefPosition = getNextRefPosition();
    if (nextRefPosition == nullptr)
    {
        return MaxLocation;
    }
    else
    {
        return nextRefPosition->nodeLocation;
    }
}

// Iterate through all the registers of the given type
class RegisterIterator
{
    friend class Registers;

public:
    RegisterIterator(RegisterType type) : regType(type)
    {
        if (useFloatReg(regType))
        {
            currentRegNum = REG_FP_FIRST;
        }
        else
        {
            currentRegNum = REG_INT_FIRST;
        }
    }

protected:
    static RegisterIterator Begin(RegisterType regType)
    {
        return RegisterIterator(regType);
    }
    static RegisterIterator End(RegisterType regType)
    {
        RegisterIterator endIter = RegisterIterator(regType);
        // This assumes only integer and floating point register types
        // if we target a processor with additional register types,
        // this would have to change
        if (useFloatReg(regType))
        {
            // This just happens to work for both double & float
            endIter.currentRegNum = REG_NEXT(REG_FP_LAST);
        }
        else
        {
            endIter.currentRegNum = REG_NEXT(REG_INT_LAST);
        }
        return endIter;
    }

public:
    void operator++(int dummy) // int dummy is c++ for "this is postfix ++"
    {
        currentRegNum = REG_NEXT(currentRegNum);
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
        if (regType == TYP_DOUBLE)
            currentRegNum = REG_NEXT(currentRegNum);
#endif
    }
    void operator++() // prefix operator++
    {
        currentRegNum = REG_NEXT(currentRegNum);
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
        if (regType == TYP_DOUBLE)
            currentRegNum = REG_NEXT(currentRegNum);
#endif
    }
    regNumber operator*()
    {
        return currentRegNum;
    }
    bool operator!=(const RegisterIterator& other)
    {
        return other.currentRegNum != currentRegNum;
    }

private:
    regNumber    currentRegNum;
    RegisterType regType;
};

class Registers
{
public:
    friend class RegisterIterator;
    RegisterType type;
    Registers(RegisterType t)
    {
        type = t;
    }
    RegisterIterator begin()
    {
        return RegisterIterator::Begin(type);
    }
    RegisterIterator end()
    {
        return RegisterIterator::End(type);
    }
};

#ifdef DEBUG
void LinearScan::dumpVarToRegMap(VarToRegMap map)
{
    bool anyPrinted = false;
    for (unsigned varIndex = 0; varIndex < compiler->lvaTrackedCount; varIndex++)
    {
        unsigned varNum = compiler->lvaTrackedToVarNum[varIndex];
        if (map[varIndex] != REG_STK)
        {
            printf("V%02u=%s ", varNum, getRegName(map[varIndex]));
            anyPrinted = true;
        }
    }
    if (!anyPrinted)
    {
        printf("none");
    }
    printf("\n");
}

void LinearScan::dumpInVarToRegMap(BasicBlock* block)
{
    printf("Var=Reg beg of BB%02u: ", block->bbNum);
    VarToRegMap map = getInVarToRegMap(block->bbNum);
    dumpVarToRegMap(map);
}

void LinearScan::dumpOutVarToRegMap(BasicBlock* block)
{
    printf("Var=Reg end of BB%02u: ", block->bbNum);
    VarToRegMap map = getOutVarToRegMap(block->bbNum);
    dumpVarToRegMap(map);
}

#endif // DEBUG

LinearScanInterface* getLinearScanAllocator(Compiler* comp)
{
    return new (comp, CMK_LSRA) LinearScan(comp);
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// LSRA constructor
//
// Arguments:
//    theCompiler
//
// Notes:
//    The constructor takes care of initializing the data structures that are used
//    during Lowering, including (in DEBUG) getting the stress environment variables,
//    as they may affect the block ordering.

LinearScan::LinearScan(Compiler* theCompiler)
    : compiler(theCompiler)
#if MEASURE_MEM_ALLOC
    , lsraAllocator(nullptr)
#endif // MEASURE_MEM_ALLOC
    , intervals(LinearScanMemoryAllocatorInterval(theCompiler))
    , refPositions(LinearScanMemoryAllocatorRefPosition(theCompiler))
    , listNodePool(theCompiler)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
    maxNodeLocation    = 0;
    activeRefPosition  = nullptr;
    specialPutArgCount = 0;

    // Get the value of the environment variable that controls stress for register allocation
    lsraStressMask = JitConfig.JitStressRegs();
#if 0
    if (lsraStressMask != 0)
    {
        // The code in this #if can be used to debug JitStressRegs issues according to
        // method hash.  To use, simply set environment variables JitStressRegsHashLo and JitStressRegsHashHi
        unsigned methHash = compiler->info.compMethodHash();
        char* lostr = getenv("JitStressRegsHashLo");
        unsigned methHashLo = 0;
        bool dump = false;
        if (lostr != nullptr)
        {
            sscanf_s(lostr, "%x", &methHashLo);
            dump = true;
        }
        char* histr = getenv("JitStressRegsHashHi");
        unsigned methHashHi = UINT32_MAX;
        if (histr != nullptr)
        {
            sscanf_s(histr, "%x", &methHashHi);
            dump = true;
        }
        if (methHash < methHashLo || methHash > methHashHi)
        {
            lsraStressMask = 0;
        }
        else if (dump == true)
        {
            printf("JitStressRegs = %x for method %s, hash = 0x%x.\n",
                   lsraStressMask, compiler->info.compFullName, compiler->info.compMethodHash());
            printf("");         // in our logic this causes a flush
        }
    }
#endif // 0
#endif // DEBUG

    enregisterLocalVars = ((compiler->opts.compFlags & CLFLG_REGVAR) != 0) && compiler->lvaTrackedCount > 0;
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM64_
    availableIntRegs = (RBM_ALLINT & ~(RBM_PR | RBM_FP | RBM_LR) & ~compiler->codeGen->regSet.rsMaskResvd);
#else
    availableIntRegs = (RBM_ALLINT & ~compiler->codeGen->regSet.rsMaskResvd);
#endif

#if ETW_EBP_FRAMED
    availableIntRegs &= ~RBM_FPBASE;
#endif // ETW_EBP_FRAMED

    availableFloatRegs  = RBM_ALLFLOAT;
    availableDoubleRegs = RBM_ALLDOUBLE;

#ifdef _TARGET_AMD64_
    if (compiler->opts.compDbgEnC)
    {
        // On x64 when the EnC option is set, we always save exactly RBP, RSI and RDI.
        // RBP is not available to the register allocator, so RSI and RDI are the only
        // callee-save registers available.
        availableIntRegs &= ~RBM_CALLEE_SAVED | RBM_RSI | RBM_RDI;
        availableFloatRegs &= ~RBM_CALLEE_SAVED;
        availableDoubleRegs &= ~RBM_CALLEE_SAVED;
    }
#endif // _TARGET_AMD64_
    compiler->rpFrameType           = FT_NOT_SET;
    compiler->rpMustCreateEBPCalled = false;

    compiler->codeGen->intRegState.rsIsFloat   = false;
    compiler->codeGen->floatRegState.rsIsFloat = true;

    // Block sequencing (the order in which we schedule).
    // Note that we don't initialize the bbVisitedSet until we do the first traversal
    // (currently during Lowering's second phase, where it sets the TreeNodeInfo).
    // This is so that any blocks that are added during the first phase of Lowering
    // are accounted for (and we don't have BasicBlockEpoch issues).
    blockSequencingDone   = false;
    blockSequence         = nullptr;
    blockSequenceWorkList = nullptr;
    curBBSeqNum           = 0;
    bbSeqCount            = 0;

    // Information about each block, including predecessor blocks used for variable locations at block entry.
    blockInfo = nullptr;

    // Populate the register mask table.
    // The first two masks in the table are allint/allfloat
    // The next N are the masks for each single register.
    // After that are the dynamically added ones.
    regMaskTable               = new (compiler, CMK_LSRA) regMaskTP[numMasks];
    regMaskTable[ALLINT_IDX]   = allRegs(TYP_INT);
    regMaskTable[ALLFLOAT_IDX] = allRegs(TYP_DOUBLE);

    regNumber reg;
    for (reg = REG_FIRST; reg < REG_COUNT; reg = REG_NEXT(reg))
    {
        regMaskTable[FIRST_SINGLE_REG_IDX + reg - REG_FIRST] = (reg == REG_STK) ? RBM_NONE : genRegMask(reg);
    }
    nextFreeMask = FIRST_SINGLE_REG_IDX + REG_COUNT;
    noway_assert(nextFreeMask <= numMasks);
}

// Return the reg mask corresponding to the given index.
regMaskTP LinearScan::GetRegMaskForIndex(RegMaskIndex index)
{
    assert(index < numMasks);
    assert(index < nextFreeMask);
    return regMaskTable[index];
}

// Given a reg mask, return the index it corresponds to. If it is not a 'well known' reg mask,
// add it at the end. This method has linear behavior in the worst cases but that is fairly rare.
// Most methods never use any but the well-known masks, and when they do use more
// it is only one or two more.
LinearScan::RegMaskIndex LinearScan::GetIndexForRegMask(regMaskTP mask)
{
    RegMaskIndex result;
    if (isSingleRegister(mask))
    {
        result = genRegNumFromMask(mask) + FIRST_SINGLE_REG_IDX;
    }
    else if (mask == allRegs(TYP_INT))
    {
        result = ALLINT_IDX;
    }
    else if (mask == allRegs(TYP_DOUBLE))
    {
        result = ALLFLOAT_IDX;
    }
    else
    {
        for (int i = FIRST_SINGLE_REG_IDX + REG_COUNT; i < nextFreeMask; i++)
        {
            if (regMaskTable[i] == mask)
            {
                return i;
            }
        }

        // We only allocate a fixed number of masks. Since we don't reallocate, we will throw a
        // noway_assert if we exceed this limit.
        noway_assert(nextFreeMask < numMasks);

        regMaskTable[nextFreeMask] = mask;
        result                     = nextFreeMask;
        nextFreeMask++;
    }
    assert(mask == regMaskTable[result]);
    return result;
}

// We've decided that we can't use a register during register allocation (probably FPBASE),
// but we've already added it to the register masks. Go through the masks and remove it.
void LinearScan::RemoveRegisterFromMasks(regNumber reg)
{
    JITDUMP("Removing register %s from LSRA register masks\n", getRegName(reg));

    regMaskTP mask = ~genRegMask(reg);
    for (int i = 0; i < nextFreeMask; i++)
    {
        regMaskTable[i] &= mask;
    }

    JITDUMP("After removing register:\n");
    DBEXEC(VERBOSE, dspRegisterMaskTable());
}

#ifdef DEBUG
void LinearScan::dspRegisterMaskTable()
{
    printf("LSRA register masks. Total allocated: %d, total used: %d\n", numMasks, nextFreeMask);
    for (int i = 0; i < nextFreeMask; i++)
    {
        printf("%2u: ", i);
        dspRegMask(regMaskTable[i]);
        printf("\n");
    }
}
#endif // DEBUG

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// getNextCandidateFromWorkList: Get the next candidate for block sequencing
//
// Arguments:
//    None.
//
// Return Value:
//    The next block to be placed in the sequence.
//
// Notes:
//    This method currently always returns the next block in the list, and relies on having
//    blocks added to the list only when they are "ready", and on the
//    addToBlockSequenceWorkList() method to insert them in the proper order.
//    However, a block may be in the list and already selected, if it was subsequently
//    encountered as both a flow and layout successor of the most recently selected
//    block.

BasicBlock* LinearScan::getNextCandidateFromWorkList()
{
    BasicBlockList* nextWorkList = nullptr;
    for (BasicBlockList* workList = blockSequenceWorkList; workList != nullptr; workList = nextWorkList)
    {
        nextWorkList          = workList->next;
        BasicBlock* candBlock = workList->block;
        removeFromBlockSequenceWorkList(workList, nullptr);
        if (!isBlockVisited(candBlock))
        {
            return candBlock;
        }
    }
    return nullptr;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// setBlockSequence:Determine the block order for register allocation.
//
// Arguments:
//    None
//
// Return Value:
//    None
//
// Notes:
//    On return, the blockSequence array contains the blocks, in the order in which they
//    will be allocated.
//    This method clears the bbVisitedSet on LinearScan, and when it returns the set
//    contains all the bbNums for the block.
//    This requires a traversal of the BasicBlocks, and could potentially be
//    combined with the first traversal (currently the one in Lowering that sets the
//    TreeNodeInfo).

void LinearScan::setBlockSequence()
{
    // Reset the "visited" flag on each block.
    compiler->EnsureBasicBlockEpoch();
    bbVisitedSet = BlockSetOps::MakeEmpty(compiler);
    BlockSet readySet(BlockSetOps::MakeEmpty(compiler));
    BlockSet predSet(BlockSetOps::MakeEmpty(compiler));

    assert(blockSequence == nullptr && bbSeqCount == 0);
    blockSequence            = new (compiler, CMK_LSRA) BasicBlock*[compiler->fgBBcount];
    bbNumMaxBeforeResolution = compiler->fgBBNumMax;
    blockInfo                = new (compiler, CMK_LSRA) LsraBlockInfo[bbNumMaxBeforeResolution + 1];

    assert(blockSequenceWorkList == nullptr);

    bool addedInternalBlocks = false;
    verifiedAllBBs           = false;
    hasCriticalEdges         = false;
    BasicBlock* nextBlock;
    // We use a bbNum of 0 for entry RefPositions.
    // The other information in blockInfo[0] will never be used.
    blockInfo[0].weight = BB_UNITY_WEIGHT;
    for (BasicBlock* block = compiler->fgFirstBB; block != nullptr; block = nextBlock)
    {
        blockSequence[bbSeqCount] = block;
        markBlockVisited(block);
        bbSeqCount++;
        nextBlock = nullptr;

        // Initialize the blockInfo.
        // predBBNum will be set later.  0 is never used as a bbNum.
        assert(block->bbNum != 0);
        blockInfo[block->bbNum].predBBNum = 0;
        // We check for critical edges below, but initialize to false.
        blockInfo[block->bbNum].hasCriticalInEdge  = false;
        blockInfo[block->bbNum].hasCriticalOutEdge = false;
        blockInfo[block->bbNum].weight             = block->getBBWeight(compiler);

#if TRACK_LSRA_STATS
        blockInfo[block->bbNum].spillCount         = 0;
        blockInfo[block->bbNum].copyRegCount       = 0;
        blockInfo[block->bbNum].resolutionMovCount = 0;
        blockInfo[block->bbNum].splitEdgeCount     = 0;
#endif // TRACK_LSRA_STATS

        if (block->GetUniquePred(compiler) == nullptr)
        {
            for (flowList* pred = block->bbPreds; pred != nullptr; pred = pred->flNext)
            {
                BasicBlock* predBlock = pred->flBlock;
                if (predBlock->NumSucc(compiler) > 1)
                {
                    blockInfo[block->bbNum].hasCriticalInEdge = true;
                    hasCriticalEdges                          = true;
                    break;
                }
                else if (predBlock->bbJumpKind == BBJ_SWITCH)
                {
                    assert(!"Switch with single successor");
                }
            }
        }

        // Determine which block to schedule next.

        // First, update the NORMAL successors of the current block, adding them to the worklist
        // according to the desired order.  We will handle the EH successors below.
        bool checkForCriticalOutEdge = (block->NumSucc(compiler) > 1);
        if (!checkForCriticalOutEdge && block->bbJumpKind == BBJ_SWITCH)
        {
            assert(!"Switch with single successor");
        }

        const unsigned numSuccs = block->NumSucc(compiler);
        for (unsigned succIndex = 0; succIndex < numSuccs; succIndex++)
        {
            BasicBlock* succ = block->GetSucc(succIndex, compiler);
            if (checkForCriticalOutEdge && succ->GetUniquePred(compiler) == nullptr)
            {
                blockInfo[block->bbNum].hasCriticalOutEdge = true;
                hasCriticalEdges                           = true;
                // We can stop checking now.
                checkForCriticalOutEdge = false;
            }

            if (isTraversalLayoutOrder() || isBlockVisited(succ))
            {
                continue;
            }

            // We've now seen a predecessor, so add it to the work list and the "readySet".
            // It will be inserted in the worklist according to the specified traversal order
            // (i.e. pred-first or random, since layout order is handled above).
            if (!BlockSetOps::IsMember(compiler, readySet, succ->bbNum))
            {
                addToBlockSequenceWorkList(readySet, succ, predSet);
                BlockSetOps::AddElemD(compiler, readySet, succ->bbNum);
            }
        }

        // For layout order, simply use bbNext
        if (isTraversalLayoutOrder())
        {
            nextBlock = block->bbNext;
            continue;
        }

        while (nextBlock == nullptr)
        {
            nextBlock = getNextCandidateFromWorkList();

            // TODO-Throughput: We would like to bypass this traversal if we know we've handled all
            // the blocks - but fgBBcount does not appear to be updated when blocks are removed.
            if (nextBlock == nullptr /* && bbSeqCount != compiler->fgBBcount*/ && !verifiedAllBBs)
            {
                // If we don't encounter all blocks by traversing the regular sucessor links, do a full
                // traversal of all the blocks, and add them in layout order.
                // This may include:
                //   - internal-only blocks (in the fgAddCodeList) which may not be in the flow graph
                //     (these are not even in the bbNext links).
                //   - blocks that have become unreachable due to optimizations, but that are strongly
                //     connected (these are not removed)
                //   - EH blocks

                for (Compiler::AddCodeDsc* desc = compiler->fgAddCodeList; desc != nullptr; desc = desc->acdNext)
                {
                    if (!isBlockVisited(block))
                    {
                        addToBlockSequenceWorkList(readySet, block, predSet);
                        BlockSetOps::AddElemD(compiler, readySet, block->bbNum);
                    }
                }

                for (BasicBlock* block = compiler->fgFirstBB; block; block = block->bbNext)
                {
                    if (!isBlockVisited(block))
                    {
                        addToBlockSequenceWorkList(readySet, block, predSet);
                        BlockSetOps::AddElemD(compiler, readySet, block->bbNum);
                    }
                }
                verifiedAllBBs = true;
            }
            else
            {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    blockSequencingDone = true;

#ifdef DEBUG
    // Make sure that we've visited all the blocks.
    for (BasicBlock* block = compiler->fgFirstBB; block != nullptr; block = block->bbNext)
    {
        assert(isBlockVisited(block));
    }

    JITDUMP("LSRA Block Sequence: ");
    int i = 1;
    for (BasicBlock *block = startBlockSequence(); block != nullptr; ++i, block = moveToNextBlock())
    {
        JITDUMP("BB%02u", block->bbNum);

        if (block->isMaxBBWeight())
        {
            JITDUMP("(MAX) ");
        }
        else
        {
            JITDUMP("(%6s) ", refCntWtd2str(block->getBBWeight(compiler)));
        }

        if (i % 10 == 0)
        {
            JITDUMP("\n                     ");
        }
    }
    JITDUMP("\n\n");
#endif
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// compareBlocksForSequencing: Compare two basic blocks for sequencing order.
//
// Arguments:
//    block1            - the first block for comparison
//    block2            - the second block for comparison
//    useBlockWeights   - whether to use block weights for comparison
//
// Return Value:
//    -1 if block1 is preferred.
//     0 if the blocks are equivalent.
//     1 if block2 is preferred.
//
// Notes:
//    See addToBlockSequenceWorkList.
int LinearScan::compareBlocksForSequencing(BasicBlock* block1, BasicBlock* block2, bool useBlockWeights)
{
    if (useBlockWeights)
    {
        unsigned weight1 = block1->getBBWeight(compiler);
        unsigned weight2 = block2->getBBWeight(compiler);

        if (weight1 > weight2)
        {
            return -1;
        }
        else if (weight1 < weight2)
        {
            return 1;
        }
    }

    // If weights are the same prefer LOWER bbnum
    if (block1->bbNum < block2->bbNum)
    {
        return -1;
    }
    else if (block1->bbNum == block2->bbNum)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    else
    {
        return 1;
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// addToBlockSequenceWorkList: Add a BasicBlock to the work list for sequencing.
//
// Arguments:
//    sequencedBlockSet - the set of blocks that are already sequenced
//    block             - the new block to be added
//    predSet           - the buffer to save predecessors set. A block set allocated by the caller used here as a
//    temporary block set for constructing a predecessor set. Allocated by the caller to avoid reallocating a new block
//    set with every call to this function
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Notes:
//    The first block in the list will be the next one to be sequenced, as soon
//    as we encounter a block whose successors have all been sequenced, in pred-first
//    order, or the very next block if we are traversing in random order (once implemented).
//    This method uses a comparison method to determine the order in which to place
//    the blocks in the list.  This method queries whether all predecessors of the
//    block are sequenced at the time it is added to the list and if so uses block weights
//    for inserting the block.  A block is never inserted ahead of its predecessors.
//    A block at the time of insertion may not have all its predecessors sequenced, in
//    which case it will be sequenced based on its block number. Once a block is inserted,
//    its priority\order will not be changed later once its remaining predecessors are
//    sequenced.  This would mean that work list may not be sorted entirely based on
//    block weights alone.
//
//    Note also that, when random traversal order is implemented, this method
//    should insert the blocks into the list in random order, so that we can always
//    simply select the first block in the list.
void LinearScan::addToBlockSequenceWorkList(BlockSet sequencedBlockSet, BasicBlock* block, BlockSet& predSet)
{
    // The block that is being added is not already sequenced
    assert(!BlockSetOps::IsMember(compiler, sequencedBlockSet, block->bbNum));

    // Get predSet of block
    BlockSetOps::ClearD(compiler, predSet);
    flowList* pred;
    for (pred = block->bbPreds; pred != nullptr; pred = pred->flNext)
    {
        BlockSetOps::AddElemD(compiler, predSet, pred->flBlock->bbNum);
    }

    // If either a rarely run block or all its preds are already sequenced, use block's weight to sequence
    bool useBlockWeight = block->isRunRarely() || BlockSetOps::IsSubset(compiler, sequencedBlockSet, predSet);

    BasicBlockList* prevNode = nullptr;
    BasicBlockList* nextNode = blockSequenceWorkList;

    while (nextNode != nullptr)
    {
        int seqResult;

        if (nextNode->block->isRunRarely())
        {
            // If the block that is yet to be sequenced is a rarely run block, always use block weights for sequencing
            seqResult = compareBlocksForSequencing(nextNode->block, block, true);
        }
        else if (BlockSetOps::IsMember(compiler, predSet, nextNode->block->bbNum))
        {
            // always prefer unsequenced pred blocks
            seqResult = -1;
        }
        else
        {
            seqResult = compareBlocksForSequencing(nextNode->block, block, useBlockWeight);
        }

        if (seqResult > 0)
        {
            break;
        }

        prevNode = nextNode;
        nextNode = nextNode->next;
    }

    BasicBlockList* newListNode = new (compiler, CMK_LSRA) BasicBlockList(block, nextNode);
    if (prevNode == nullptr)
    {
        blockSequenceWorkList = newListNode;
    }
    else
    {
        prevNode->next = newListNode;
    }
}

void LinearScan::removeFromBlockSequenceWorkList(BasicBlockList* listNode, BasicBlockList* prevNode)
{
    if (listNode == blockSequenceWorkList)
    {
        assert(prevNode == nullptr);
        blockSequenceWorkList = listNode->next;
    }
    else
    {
        assert(prevNode != nullptr && prevNode->next == listNode);
        prevNode->next = listNode->next;
    }
    // TODO-Cleanup: consider merging Compiler::BlockListNode and BasicBlockList
    // compiler->FreeBlockListNode(listNode);
}

// Initialize the block order for allocation (called each time a new traversal begins).
BasicBlock* LinearScan::startBlockSequence()
{
    if (!blockSequencingDone)
    {
        setBlockSequence();
    }
    BasicBlock* curBB = compiler->fgFirstBB;
    curBBSeqNum       = 0;
    curBBNum          = curBB->bbNum;
    clearVisitedBlocks();
    assert(blockSequence[0] == compiler->fgFirstBB);
    markBlockVisited(curBB);
    return curBB;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// moveToNextBlock: Move to the next block in order for allocation or resolution.
//
// Arguments:
//    None
//
// Return Value:
//    The next block.
//
// Notes:
//    This method is used when the next block is actually going to be handled.
//    It changes curBBNum.

BasicBlock* LinearScan::moveToNextBlock()
{
    BasicBlock* nextBlock = getNextBlock();
    curBBSeqNum++;
    if (nextBlock != nullptr)
    {
        curBBNum = nextBlock->bbNum;
    }
    return nextBlock;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// getNextBlock: Get the next block in order for allocation or resolution.
//
// Arguments:
//    None
//
// Return Value:
//    The next block.
//
// Notes:
//    This method does not actually change the current block - it is used simply
//    to determine which block will be next.

BasicBlock* LinearScan::getNextBlock()
{
    assert(blockSequencingDone);
    unsigned int nextBBSeqNum = curBBSeqNum + 1;
    if (nextBBSeqNum < bbSeqCount)
    {
        return blockSequence[nextBBSeqNum];
    }
    return nullptr;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// doLinearScan: The main method for register allocation.
//
// Arguments:
//    None
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//

void LinearScan::doLinearScan()
{
    unsigned lsraBlockEpoch = compiler->GetCurBasicBlockEpoch();

    splitBBNumToTargetBBNumMap = nullptr;

    // This is complicated by the fact that physical registers have refs associated
    // with locations where they are killed (e.g. calls), but we don't want to
    // count these as being touched.

    compiler->codeGen->regSet.rsClearRegsModified();

    initMaxSpill();
    buildIntervals();
    DBEXEC(VERBOSE, TupleStyleDump(LSRA_DUMP_REFPOS));
    compiler->EndPhase(PHASE_LINEAR_SCAN_BUILD);

    DBEXEC(VERBOSE, lsraDumpIntervals("after buildIntervals"));

    clearVisitedBlocks();
    initVarRegMaps();
    allocateRegisters();
    compiler->EndPhase(PHASE_LINEAR_SCAN_ALLOC);
    resolveRegisters();
    compiler->EndPhase(PHASE_LINEAR_SCAN_RESOLVE);

#if TRACK_LSRA_STATS
    if ((JitConfig.DisplayLsraStats() != 0)
#ifdef DEBUG
        || VERBOSE
#endif
        )
    {
        dumpLsraStats(jitstdout);
    }
#endif // TRACK_LSRA_STATS

    DBEXEC(VERBOSE, TupleStyleDump(LSRA_DUMP_POST));

    compiler->compLSRADone = true;
    noway_assert(lsraBlockEpoch = compiler->GetCurBasicBlockEpoch());
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// recordVarLocationsAtStartOfBB: Update live-in LclVarDscs with the appropriate
//    register location at the start of a block, during codegen.
//
// Arguments:
//    bb - the block for which code is about to be generated.
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Assumptions:
//    CodeGen will take care of updating the reg masks and the current var liveness,
//    after calling this method.
//    This is because we need to kill off the dead registers before setting the newly live ones.

void LinearScan::recordVarLocationsAtStartOfBB(BasicBlock* bb)
{
    if (!enregisterLocalVars)
    {
        return;
    }
    JITDUMP("Recording Var Locations at start of BB%02u\n", bb->bbNum);
    VarToRegMap map   = getInVarToRegMap(bb->bbNum);
    unsigned    count = 0;

    VarSetOps::AssignNoCopy(compiler, currentLiveVars,
                            VarSetOps::Intersection(compiler, registerCandidateVars, bb->bbLiveIn));
    VarSetOps::Iter iter(compiler, currentLiveVars);
    unsigned        varIndex = 0;
    while (iter.NextElem(&varIndex))
    {
        unsigned   varNum = compiler->lvaTrackedToVarNum[varIndex];
        LclVarDsc* varDsc = &(compiler->lvaTable[varNum]);
        regNumber  regNum = getVarReg(map, varIndex);

        regNumber oldRegNum = varDsc->lvRegNum;
        regNumber newRegNum = regNum;

        if (oldRegNum != newRegNum)
        {
            JITDUMP("  V%02u(%s->%s)", varNum, compiler->compRegVarName(oldRegNum),
                    compiler->compRegVarName(newRegNum));
            varDsc->lvRegNum = newRegNum;
            count++;
        }
        else if (newRegNum != REG_STK)
        {
            JITDUMP("  V%02u(%s)", varNum, compiler->compRegVarName(newRegNum));
            count++;
        }
    }

    if (count == 0)
    {
        JITDUMP("  <none>\n");
    }

    JITDUMP("\n");
}

void Interval::setLocalNumber(Compiler* compiler, unsigned lclNum, LinearScan* linScan)
{
    LclVarDsc* varDsc = &compiler->lvaTable[lclNum];
    assert(varDsc->lvTracked);
    assert(varDsc->lvVarIndex < compiler->lvaTrackedCount);

    linScan->localVarIntervals[varDsc->lvVarIndex] = this;

    assert(linScan->getIntervalForLocalVar(varDsc->lvVarIndex) == this);
    this->isLocalVar = true;
    this->varNum     = lclNum;
}

// identify the candidates which we are not going to enregister due to
// being used in EH in a way we don't want to deal with
// this logic cloned from fgInterBlockLocalVarLiveness
void LinearScan::identifyCandidatesExceptionDataflow()
{
    VARSET_TP   exceptVars(VarSetOps::MakeEmpty(compiler));
    VARSET_TP   filterVars(VarSetOps::MakeEmpty(compiler));
    VARSET_TP   finallyVars(VarSetOps::MakeEmpty(compiler));
    BasicBlock* block;

    foreach_block(compiler, block)
    {
        if (block->bbCatchTyp != BBCT_NONE)
        {
            // live on entry to handler
            VarSetOps::UnionD(compiler, exceptVars, block->bbLiveIn);
        }

        if (block->bbJumpKind == BBJ_EHFILTERRET)
        {
            // live on exit from filter
            VarSetOps::UnionD(compiler, filterVars, block->bbLiveOut);
        }
        else if (block->bbJumpKind == BBJ_EHFINALLYRET)
        {
            // live on exit from finally
            VarSetOps::UnionD(compiler, finallyVars, block->bbLiveOut);
        }
#if FEATURE_EH_FUNCLETS
        // Funclets are called and returned from, as such we can only count on the frame
        // pointer being restored, and thus everything live in or live out must be on the
        // stack
        if (block->bbFlags & BBF_FUNCLET_BEG)
        {
            VarSetOps::UnionD(compiler, exceptVars, block->bbLiveIn);
        }
        if ((block->bbJumpKind == BBJ_EHFINALLYRET) || (block->bbJumpKind == BBJ_EHFILTERRET) ||
            (block->bbJumpKind == BBJ_EHCATCHRET))
        {
            VarSetOps::UnionD(compiler, exceptVars, block->bbLiveOut);
        }
#endif // FEATURE_EH_FUNCLETS
    }

    // slam them all together (there was really no need to use more than 2 bitvectors here)
    VarSetOps::UnionD(compiler, exceptVars, filterVars);
    VarSetOps::UnionD(compiler, exceptVars, finallyVars);

    /* Mark all pointer variables live on exit from a 'finally'
        block as either volatile for non-GC ref types or as
        'explicitly initialized' (volatile and must-init) for GC-ref types */

    VarSetOps::Iter iter(compiler, exceptVars);
    unsigned        varIndex = 0;
    while (iter.NextElem(&varIndex))
    {
        unsigned   varNum = compiler->lvaTrackedToVarNum[varIndex];
        LclVarDsc* varDsc = compiler->lvaTable + varNum;

        compiler->lvaSetVarDoNotEnregister(varNum DEBUGARG(Compiler::DNER_LiveInOutOfHandler));

        if (varTypeIsGC(varDsc))
        {
            if (VarSetOps::IsMember(compiler, finallyVars, varIndex) && !varDsc->lvIsParam)
            {
                varDsc->lvMustInit = true;
            }
        }
    }
}

bool LinearScan::isRegCandidate(LclVarDsc* varDsc)
{
    // We shouldn't be called if opt settings do not permit register variables.
    assert((compiler->opts.compFlags & CLFLG_REGVAR) != 0);

    if (!varDsc->lvTracked)
    {
        return false;
    }

#if !defined(_TARGET_64BIT_)
    if (varDsc->lvType == TYP_LONG)
    {
        // Long variables should not be register candidates.
        // Lowering will have split any candidate lclVars into lo/hi vars.
        return false;
    }
#endif // !defined(_TARGET_64BIT)

    // If we have JMP, reg args must be put on the stack

    if (compiler->compJmpOpUsed && varDsc->lvIsRegArg)
    {
        return false;
    }

    // Don't allocate registers for dependently promoted struct fields
    if (compiler->lvaIsFieldOfDependentlyPromotedStruct(varDsc))
    {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

// Identify locals & compiler temps that are register candidates
// TODO-Cleanup: This was cloned from Compiler::lvaSortByRefCount() in lclvars.cpp in order
// to avoid perturbation, but should be merged.

void LinearScan::identifyCandidates()
{
    if (enregisterLocalVars)
    {
        // Initialize the set of lclVars that are candidates for register allocation.
        VarSetOps::AssignNoCopy(compiler, registerCandidateVars, VarSetOps::MakeEmpty(compiler));

        // Initialize the sets of lclVars that are used to determine whether, and for which lclVars,
        // we need to perform resolution across basic blocks.
        // Note that we can't do this in the constructor because the number of tracked lclVars may
        // change between the constructor and the actual allocation.
        VarSetOps::AssignNoCopy(compiler, resolutionCandidateVars, VarSetOps::MakeEmpty(compiler));
        VarSetOps::AssignNoCopy(compiler, splitOrSpilledVars, VarSetOps::MakeEmpty(compiler));

        // We set enregisterLocalVars to true only if there are tracked lclVars
        assert(compiler->lvaCount != 0);
    }
    else if (compiler->lvaCount == 0)
    {
        // Nothing to do. Note that even if enregisterLocalVars is false, we still need to set the
        // lvLRACandidate field on all the lclVars to false if we have any.
        return;
    }

    if (compiler->compHndBBtabCount > 0)
    {
        identifyCandidatesExceptionDataflow();
    }

    unsigned   lclNum;
    LclVarDsc* varDsc;

    // While we build intervals for the candidate lclVars, we will determine the floating point
    // lclVars, if any, to consider for callee-save register preferencing.
    // We maintain two sets of FP vars - those that meet the first threshold of weighted ref Count,
    // and those that meet the second.
    // The first threshold is used for methods that are heuristically deemed either to have light
    // fp usage, or other factors that encourage conservative use of callee-save registers, such
    // as multiple exits (where there might be an early exit that woudl be excessively penalized by
    // lots of prolog/epilog saves & restores).
    // The second threshold is used where there are factors deemed to make it more likely that fp
    // fp callee save registers will be needed, such as loops or many fp vars.
    // We keep two sets of vars, since we collect some of the information to determine which set to
    // use as we iterate over the vars.
    // When we are generating AVX code on non-Unix (FEATURE_PARTIAL_SIMD_CALLEE_SAVE), we maintain an
    // additional set of LargeVectorType vars, and there is a separate threshold defined for those.
    // It is assumed that if we encounter these, that we should consider this a "high use" scenario,
    // so we don't maintain two sets of these vars.
    // This is defined as thresholdLargeVectorRefCntWtd, as we are likely to use the same mechanism
    // for vectors on Arm64, though the actual value may differ.

    unsigned int floatVarCount        = 0;
    unsigned int thresholdFPRefCntWtd = 4 * BB_UNITY_WEIGHT;
    unsigned int maybeFPRefCntWtd     = 2 * BB_UNITY_WEIGHT;
    VARSET_TP    fpMaybeCandidateVars(VarSetOps::UninitVal());
#if FEATURE_PARTIAL_SIMD_CALLEE_SAVE
    unsigned int largeVectorVarCount           = 0;
    unsigned int thresholdLargeVectorRefCntWtd = 4 * BB_UNITY_WEIGHT;
#endif // FEATURE_PARTIAL_SIMD_CALLEE_SAVE
    if (enregisterLocalVars)
    {
        VarSetOps::AssignNoCopy(compiler, fpCalleeSaveCandidateVars, VarSetOps::MakeEmpty(compiler));
        VarSetOps::AssignNoCopy(compiler, fpMaybeCandidateVars, VarSetOps::MakeEmpty(compiler));
#if FEATURE_PARTIAL_SIMD_CALLEE_SAVE
        VarSetOps::AssignNoCopy(compiler, largeVectorVars, VarSetOps::MakeEmpty(compiler));
        VarSetOps::AssignNoCopy(compiler, largeVectorCalleeSaveCandidateVars, VarSetOps::MakeEmpty(compiler));
#endif // FEATURE_PARTIAL_SIMD_CALLEE_SAVE
    }
#if DOUBLE_ALIGN
    unsigned refCntStk       = 0;
    unsigned refCntReg       = 0;
    unsigned refCntWtdReg    = 0;
    unsigned refCntStkParam  = 0; // sum of     ref counts for all stack based parameters
    unsigned refCntWtdStkDbl = 0; // sum of wtd ref counts for stack based doubles
    doDoubleAlign            = false;
    bool checkDoubleAlign    = true;
    if (compiler->codeGen->isFramePointerRequired() || compiler->opts.MinOpts())
    {
        checkDoubleAlign = false;
    }
    else
    {
        switch (compiler->getCanDoubleAlign())
        {
            case MUST_DOUBLE_ALIGN:
                doDoubleAlign    = true;
                checkDoubleAlign = false;
                break;
            case CAN_DOUBLE_ALIGN:
                break;
            case CANT_DOUBLE_ALIGN:
                doDoubleAlign    = false;
                checkDoubleAlign = false;
                break;
            default:
                unreached();
        }
    }
#endif // DOUBLE_ALIGN

    // Check whether register variables are permitted.
    if (!enregisterLocalVars)
    {
        localVarIntervals = nullptr;
    }
    else if (compiler->lvaTrackedCount > 0)
    {
        // initialize mapping from tracked local to interval
        localVarIntervals = new (compiler, CMK_LSRA) Interval*[compiler->lvaTrackedCount];
    }

    INTRACK_STATS(regCandidateVarCount = 0);
    for (lclNum = 0, varDsc = compiler->lvaTable; lclNum < compiler->lvaCount; lclNum++, varDsc++)
    {
        // Initialize all variables to REG_STK
        varDsc->lvRegNum = REG_STK;
#ifndef _TARGET_64BIT_
        varDsc->lvOtherReg = REG_STK;
#endif // _TARGET_64BIT_

        if (!enregisterLocalVars)
        {
            varDsc->lvLRACandidate = false;
            continue;
        }

#if DOUBLE_ALIGN
        if (checkDoubleAlign)
        {
            if (varDsc->lvIsParam && !varDsc->lvIsRegArg)
            {
                refCntStkParam += varDsc->lvRefCnt;
            }
            else if (!isRegCandidate(varDsc) || varDsc->lvDoNotEnregister)
            {
                refCntStk += varDsc->lvRefCnt;
                if ((varDsc->lvType == TYP_DOUBLE) ||
                    ((varTypeIsStruct(varDsc) && varDsc->lvStructDoubleAlign &&
                      (compiler->lvaGetPromotionType(varDsc) != Compiler::PROMOTION_TYPE_INDEPENDENT))))
                {
                    refCntWtdStkDbl += varDsc->lvRefCntWtd;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                refCntReg += varDsc->lvRefCnt;
                refCntWtdReg += varDsc->lvRefCntWtd;
            }
        }
#endif // DOUBLE_ALIGN

        /* Track all locals that can be enregistered */

        if (!isRegCandidate(varDsc))
        {
            varDsc->lvLRACandidate = 0;
            if (varDsc->lvTracked)
            {
                localVarIntervals[varDsc->lvVarIndex] = nullptr;
            }
            continue;
        }

        assert(varDsc->lvTracked);

        varDsc->lvLRACandidate = 1;

        // Start with lvRegister as false - set it true only if the variable gets
        // the same register assignment throughout
        varDsc->lvRegister = false;

        /* If the ref count is zero */
        if (varDsc->lvRefCnt == 0)
        {
            /* Zero ref count, make this untracked */
            varDsc->lvRefCntWtd    = 0;
            varDsc->lvLRACandidate = 0;
        }

        // Variables that are address-exposed are never enregistered, or tracked.
        // A struct may be promoted, and a struct that fits in a register may be fully enregistered.
        // Pinned variables may not be tracked (a condition of the GCInfo representation)
        // or enregistered, on x86 -- it is believed that we can enregister pinned (more properly, "pinning")
        // references when using the general GC encoding.

        if (varDsc->lvAddrExposed || !varTypeIsEnregisterableStruct(varDsc))
        {
            varDsc->lvLRACandidate = 0;
#ifdef DEBUG
            Compiler::DoNotEnregisterReason dner = Compiler::DNER_AddrExposed;
            if (!varDsc->lvAddrExposed)
            {
                dner = Compiler::DNER_IsStruct;
            }
#endif // DEBUG
            compiler->lvaSetVarDoNotEnregister(lclNum DEBUGARG(dner));
        }
        else if (varDsc->lvPinned)
        {
            varDsc->lvTracked = 0;
#ifdef JIT32_GCENCODER
            compiler->lvaSetVarDoNotEnregister(lclNum DEBUGARG(Compiler::DNER_PinningRef));
#endif // JIT32_GCENCODER
        }

        //  Are we not optimizing and we have exception handlers?
        //   if so mark all args and locals as volatile, so that they
        //   won't ever get enregistered.
        //
        if (compiler->opts.MinOpts() && compiler->compHndBBtabCount > 0)
        {
            compiler->lvaSetVarDoNotEnregister(lclNum DEBUGARG(Compiler::DNER_LiveInOutOfHandler));
        }

        if (varDsc->lvDoNotEnregister)
        {
            varDsc->lvLRACandidate                = 0;
            localVarIntervals[varDsc->lvVarIndex] = nullptr;
            continue;
        }

        var_types type = genActualType(varDsc->TypeGet());

        switch (type)
        {
#if CPU_HAS_FP_SUPPORT
            case TYP_FLOAT:
            case TYP_DOUBLE:
                if (compiler->opts.compDbgCode)
                {
                    varDsc->lvLRACandidate = 0;
                }
#ifdef ARM_SOFTFP
                if (varDsc->lvIsParam && varDsc->lvIsRegArg)
                {
                    type = (type == TYP_DOUBLE) ? TYP_LONG : TYP_INT;
                }
#endif // ARM_SOFTFP
                break;
#endif // CPU_HAS_FP_SUPPORT

            case TYP_INT:
            case TYP_LONG:
            case TYP_REF:
            case TYP_BYREF:
                break;

#ifdef FEATURE_SIMD
            case TYP_SIMD12:
            case TYP_SIMD16:
            case TYP_SIMD32:
                if (varDsc->lvPromoted)
                {
                    varDsc->lvLRACandidate = 0;
                }
                break;

            // TODO-1stClassStructs: Move TYP_SIMD8 up with the other SIMD types, after handling the param issue
            // (passing & returning as TYP_LONG).
            case TYP_SIMD8:
#endif // FEATURE_SIMD

            case TYP_STRUCT:
            {
                varDsc->lvLRACandidate = 0;
            }
            break;

            case TYP_UNDEF:
            case TYP_UNKNOWN:
                noway_assert(!"lvType not set correctly");
                varDsc->lvType = TYP_INT;

                __fallthrough;

            default:
                varDsc->lvLRACandidate = 0;
        }

        if (varDsc->lvLRACandidate)
        {
            Interval* newInt = newInterval(type);
            newInt->setLocalNumber(compiler, lclNum, this);
            VarSetOps::AddElemD(compiler, registerCandidateVars, varDsc->lvVarIndex);

            // we will set this later when we have determined liveness
            varDsc->lvMustInit = false;

            if (varDsc->lvIsStructField)
            {
                newInt->isStructField = true;
            }

            INTRACK_STATS(regCandidateVarCount++);

            // We maintain two sets of FP vars - those that meet the first threshold of weighted ref Count,
            // and those that meet the second (see the definitions of thresholdFPRefCntWtd and maybeFPRefCntWtd
            // above).
            CLANG_FORMAT_COMMENT_ANCHOR;

#if FEATURE_PARTIAL_SIMD_CALLEE_SAVE
            // Additionally, when we are generating AVX on non-UNIX amd64, we keep a separate set of the LargeVectorType
            // vars.
            if (varTypeNeedsPartialCalleeSave(varDsc->lvType))
            {
                largeVectorVarCount++;
                VarSetOps::AddElemD(compiler, largeVectorVars, varDsc->lvVarIndex);
                unsigned refCntWtd = varDsc->lvRefCntWtd;
                if (refCntWtd >= thresholdLargeVectorRefCntWtd)
                {
                    VarSetOps::AddElemD(compiler, largeVectorCalleeSaveCandidateVars, varDsc->lvVarIndex);
                }
            }
            else
#endif // FEATURE_PARTIAL_SIMD_CALLEE_SAVE
                if (regType(type) == FloatRegisterType)
            {
                floatVarCount++;
                unsigned refCntWtd = varDsc->lvRefCntWtd;
                if (varDsc->lvIsRegArg)
                {
                    // Don't count the initial reference for register params.  In those cases,
                    // using a callee-save causes an extra copy.
                    refCntWtd -= BB_UNITY_WEIGHT;
                }
                if (refCntWtd >= thresholdFPRefCntWtd)
                {
                    VarSetOps::AddElemD(compiler, fpCalleeSaveCandidateVars, varDsc->lvVarIndex);
                }
                else if (refCntWtd >= maybeFPRefCntWtd)
                {
                    VarSetOps::AddElemD(compiler, fpMaybeCandidateVars, varDsc->lvVarIndex);
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            localVarIntervals[varDsc->lvVarIndex] = nullptr;
        }
    }

#if DOUBLE_ALIGN
    if (checkDoubleAlign)
    {
        // TODO-CQ: Fine-tune this:
        // In the legacy reg predictor, this runs after allocation, and then demotes any lclVars
        // allocated to the frame pointer, which is probably the wrong order.
        // However, because it runs after allocation, it can determine the impact of demoting
        // the lclVars allocated to the frame pointer.
        // => Here, estimate of the EBP refCnt and weighted refCnt is a wild guess.
        //
        unsigned refCntEBP    = refCntReg / 8;
        unsigned refCntWtdEBP = refCntWtdReg / 8;

        doDoubleAlign =
            compiler->shouldDoubleAlign(refCntStk, refCntEBP, refCntWtdEBP, refCntStkParam, refCntWtdStkDbl);
    }
#endif // DOUBLE_ALIGN

    // The factors we consider to determine which set of fp vars to use as candidates for callee save
    // registers current include the number of fp vars, whether there are loops, and whether there are
    // multiple exits.  These have been selected somewhat empirically, but there is probably room for
    // more tuning.
    CLANG_FORMAT_COMMENT_ANCHOR;

#ifdef DEBUG
    if (VERBOSE)
    {
        printf("\nFP callee save candidate vars: ");
        if (enregisterLocalVars && !VarSetOps::IsEmpty(compiler, fpCalleeSaveCandidateVars))
        {
            dumpConvertedVarSet(compiler, fpCalleeSaveCandidateVars);
            printf("\n");
        }
        else
        {
            printf("None\n\n");
        }
    }
#endif

    JITDUMP("floatVarCount = %d; hasLoops = %d, singleExit = %d\n", floatVarCount, compiler->fgHasLoops,
            (compiler->fgReturnBlocks == nullptr || compiler->fgReturnBlocks->next == nullptr));

    // Determine whether to use the 2nd, more aggressive, threshold for fp callee saves.
    if (floatVarCount > 6 && compiler->fgHasLoops &&
        (compiler->fgReturnBlocks == nullptr || compiler->fgReturnBlocks->next == nullptr))
    {
        assert(enregisterLocalVars);
#ifdef DEBUG
        if (VERBOSE)
        {
            printf("Adding additional fp callee save candidates: \n");
            if (!VarSetOps::IsEmpty(compiler, fpMaybeCandidateVars))
            {
                dumpConvertedVarSet(compiler, fpMaybeCandidateVars);
                printf("\n");
            }
            else
            {
                printf("None\n\n");
            }
        }
#endif
        VarSetOps::UnionD(compiler, fpCalleeSaveCandidateVars, fpMaybeCandidateVars);
    }

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
#ifdef DEBUG
    if (VERBOSE)
    {
        // Frame layout is only pre-computed for ARM
        printf("\nlvaTable after IdentifyCandidates\n");
        compiler->lvaTableDump();
    }
#endif // DEBUG
#endif // _TARGET_ARM_
}

// TODO-Throughput: This mapping can surely be more efficiently done
void LinearScan::initVarRegMaps()
{
    if (!enregisterLocalVars)
    {
        inVarToRegMaps  = nullptr;
        outVarToRegMaps = nullptr;
        return;
    }
    assert(compiler->lvaTrackedFixed); // We should have already set this to prevent us from adding any new tracked
                                       // variables.

    // The compiler memory allocator requires that the allocation be an
    // even multiple of int-sized objects
    unsigned int varCount = compiler->lvaTrackedCount;
    regMapCount           = (unsigned int)roundUp(varCount, sizeof(int));

    // Not sure why blocks aren't numbered from zero, but they don't appear to be.
    // So, if we want to index by bbNum we have to know the maximum value.
    unsigned int bbCount = compiler->fgBBNumMax + 1;

    inVarToRegMaps  = new (compiler, CMK_LSRA) regNumberSmall*[bbCount];
    outVarToRegMaps = new (compiler, CMK_LSRA) regNumberSmall*[bbCount];

    if (varCount > 0)
    {
        // This VarToRegMap is used during the resolution of critical edges.
        sharedCriticalVarToRegMap = new (compiler, CMK_LSRA) regNumberSmall[regMapCount];

        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < bbCount; i++)
        {
            VarToRegMap inVarToRegMap  = new (compiler, CMK_LSRA) regNumberSmall[regMapCount];
            VarToRegMap outVarToRegMap = new (compiler, CMK_LSRA) regNumberSmall[regMapCount];

            for (unsigned int j = 0; j < regMapCount; j++)
            {
                inVarToRegMap[j]  = REG_STK;
                outVarToRegMap[j] = REG_STK;
            }
            inVarToRegMaps[i]  = inVarToRegMap;
            outVarToRegMaps[i] = outVarToRegMap;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        sharedCriticalVarToRegMap = nullptr;
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < bbCount; i++)
        {
            inVarToRegMaps[i]  = nullptr;
            outVarToRegMaps[i] = nullptr;
        }
    }
}

void LinearScan::setInVarRegForBB(unsigned int bbNum, unsigned int varNum, regNumber reg)
{
    assert(enregisterLocalVars);
    assert(reg < UCHAR_MAX && varNum < compiler->lvaCount);
    inVarToRegMaps[bbNum][compiler->lvaTable[varNum].lvVarIndex] = (regNumberSmall)reg;
}

void LinearScan::setOutVarRegForBB(unsigned int bbNum, unsigned int varNum, regNumber reg)
{
    assert(enregisterLocalVars);
    assert(reg < UCHAR_MAX && varNum < compiler->lvaCount);
    outVarToRegMaps[bbNum][compiler->lvaTable[varNum].lvVarIndex] = (regNumberSmall)reg;
}

LinearScan::SplitEdgeInfo LinearScan::getSplitEdgeInfo(unsigned int bbNum)
{
    assert(enregisterLocalVars);
    SplitEdgeInfo splitEdgeInfo;
    assert(bbNum <= compiler->fgBBNumMax);
    assert(bbNum > bbNumMaxBeforeResolution);
    assert(splitBBNumToTargetBBNumMap != nullptr);
    splitBBNumToTargetBBNumMap->Lookup(bbNum, &splitEdgeInfo);
    assert(splitEdgeInfo.toBBNum <= bbNumMaxBeforeResolution);
    assert(splitEdgeInfo.fromBBNum <= bbNumMaxBeforeResolution);
    return splitEdgeInfo;
}

VarToRegMap LinearScan::getInVarToRegMap(unsigned int bbNum)
{
    assert(enregisterLocalVars);
    assert(bbNum <= compiler->fgBBNumMax);
    // For the blocks inserted to split critical edges, the inVarToRegMap is
    // equal to the outVarToRegMap at the "from" block.
    if (bbNum > bbNumMaxBeforeResolution)
    {
        SplitEdgeInfo splitEdgeInfo = getSplitEdgeInfo(bbNum);
        unsigned      fromBBNum     = splitEdgeInfo.fromBBNum;
        if (fromBBNum == 0)
        {
            assert(splitEdgeInfo.toBBNum != 0);
            return inVarToRegMaps[splitEdgeInfo.toBBNum];
        }
        else
        {
            return outVarToRegMaps[fromBBNum];
        }
    }

    return inVarToRegMaps[bbNum];
}

VarToRegMap LinearScan::getOutVarToRegMap(unsigned int bbNum)
{
    assert(enregisterLocalVars);
    assert(bbNum <= compiler->fgBBNumMax);
    // For the blocks inserted to split critical edges, the outVarToRegMap is
    // equal to the inVarToRegMap at the target.
    if (bbNum > bbNumMaxBeforeResolution)
    {
        // If this is an empty block, its in and out maps are both the same.
        // We identify this case by setting fromBBNum or toBBNum to 0, and using only the other.
        SplitEdgeInfo splitEdgeInfo = getSplitEdgeInfo(bbNum);
        unsigned      toBBNum       = splitEdgeInfo.toBBNum;
        if (toBBNum == 0)
        {
            assert(splitEdgeInfo.fromBBNum != 0);
            return outVarToRegMaps[splitEdgeInfo.fromBBNum];
        }
        else
        {
            return inVarToRegMaps[toBBNum];
        }
    }
    return outVarToRegMaps[bbNum];
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// setVarReg: Set the register associated with a variable in the given 'bbVarToRegMap'.
//
// Arguments:
//    bbVarToRegMap   - the map of interest
//    trackedVarIndex - the lvVarIndex for the variable
//    reg             - the register to which it is being mapped
//
// Return Value:
//    None
//
void LinearScan::setVarReg(VarToRegMap bbVarToRegMap, unsigned int trackedVarIndex, regNumber reg)
{
    assert(trackedVarIndex < compiler->lvaTrackedCount);
    regNumberSmall regSmall = (regNumberSmall)reg;
    assert((regNumber)regSmall == reg);
    bbVarToRegMap[trackedVarIndex] = regSmall;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// getVarReg: Get the register associated with a variable in the given 'bbVarToRegMap'.
//
// Arguments:
//    bbVarToRegMap   - the map of interest
//    trackedVarIndex - the lvVarIndex for the variable
//
// Return Value:
//    The register to which 'trackedVarIndex' is mapped
//
regNumber LinearScan::getVarReg(VarToRegMap bbVarToRegMap, unsigned int trackedVarIndex)
{
    assert(enregisterLocalVars);
    assert(trackedVarIndex < compiler->lvaTrackedCount);
    return (regNumber)bbVarToRegMap[trackedVarIndex];
}

// Initialize the incoming VarToRegMap to the given map values (generally a predecessor of
// the block)
VarToRegMap LinearScan::setInVarToRegMap(unsigned int bbNum, VarToRegMap srcVarToRegMap)
{
    assert(enregisterLocalVars);
    VarToRegMap inVarToRegMap = inVarToRegMaps[bbNum];
    memcpy(inVarToRegMap, srcVarToRegMap, (regMapCount * sizeof(regNumber)));
    return inVarToRegMap;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// checkLastUses: Check correctness of last use flags
//
// Arguments:
//    The block for which we are checking last uses.
//
// Notes:
//    This does a backward walk of the RefPositions, starting from the liveOut set.
//    This method was previously used to set the last uses, which were computed by
//    liveness, but were not create in some cases of multiple lclVar references in the
//    same tree. However, now that last uses are computed as RefPositions are created,
//    that is no longer necessary, and this method is simply retained as a check.
//    The exception to the check-only behavior is when LSRA_EXTEND_LIFETIMES if set via
//    COMPlus_JitStressRegs. In that case, this method is required, because even though
//    the RefPositions will not be marked lastUse in that case, we still need to correclty
//    mark the last uses on the tree nodes, which is done by this method.
//
#ifdef DEBUG
void LinearScan::checkLastUses(BasicBlock* block)
{
    if (VERBOSE)
    {
        JITDUMP("\n\nCHECKING LAST USES for block %u, liveout=", block->bbNum);
        dumpConvertedVarSet(compiler, block->bbLiveOut);
        JITDUMP("\n==============================\n");
    }

    unsigned keepAliveVarNum = BAD_VAR_NUM;
    if (compiler->lvaKeepAliveAndReportThis())
    {
        keepAliveVarNum = compiler->info.compThisArg;
        assert(compiler->info.compIsStatic == false);
    }

    // find which uses are lastUses

    // Work backwards starting with live out.
    // 'computedLive' is updated to include any exposed use (including those in this
    // block that we've already seen).  When we encounter a use, if it's
    // not in that set, then it's a last use.

    VARSET_TP computedLive(VarSetOps::MakeCopy(compiler, block->bbLiveOut));

    bool                       foundDiff       = false;
    RefPositionReverseIterator reverseIterator = refPositions.rbegin();
    RefPosition*               currentRefPosition;
    for (currentRefPosition = &reverseIterator; currentRefPosition->refType != RefTypeBB;
         reverseIterator++, currentRefPosition = &reverseIterator)
    {
        // We should never see ParamDefs or ZeroInits within a basic block.
        assert(currentRefPosition->refType != RefTypeParamDef && currentRefPosition->refType != RefTypeZeroInit);
        if (currentRefPosition->isIntervalRef() && currentRefPosition->getInterval()->isLocalVar)
        {
            unsigned varNum   = currentRefPosition->getInterval()->varNum;
            unsigned varIndex = currentRefPosition->getInterval()->getVarIndex(compiler);

            LsraLocation loc = currentRefPosition->nodeLocation;

            // We should always have a tree node for a localVar, except for the "special" RefPositions.
            GenTree* tree = currentRefPosition->treeNode;
            assert(tree != nullptr || currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeExpUse ||
                   currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeDummyDef);

            if (!VarSetOps::IsMember(compiler, computedLive, varIndex) && varNum != keepAliveVarNum)
            {
                // There was no exposed use, so this is a "last use" (and we mark it thus even if it's a def)

                if (extendLifetimes())
                {
                    // NOTE: this is a bit of a hack. When extending lifetimes, the "last use" bit will be clear.
                    // This bit, however, would normally be used during resolveLocalRef to set the value of
                    // GTF_VAR_DEATH on the node for a ref position. If this bit is not set correctly even when
                    // extending lifetimes, the code generator will assert as it expects to have accurate last
                    // use information. To avoid these asserts, set the GTF_VAR_DEATH bit here.
                    // Note also that extendLifetimes() is an LSRA stress mode, so it will only be true for
                    // Checked or Debug builds, for which this method will be executed.
                    if (tree != nullptr)
                    {
                        tree->gtFlags |= GTF_VAR_DEATH;
                    }
                }
                else if (!currentRefPosition->lastUse)
                {
                    JITDUMP("missing expected last use of V%02u @%u\n", compiler->lvaTrackedToVarNum[varIndex], loc);
                    foundDiff = true;
                }
                VarSetOps::AddElemD(compiler, computedLive, varIndex);
            }
            else if (currentRefPosition->lastUse)
            {
                JITDUMP("unexpected last use of V%02u @%u\n", compiler->lvaTrackedToVarNum[varIndex], loc);
                foundDiff = true;
            }
            else if (extendLifetimes() && tree != nullptr)
            {
                // NOTE: see the comment above re: the extendLifetimes hack.
                tree->gtFlags &= ~GTF_VAR_DEATH;
            }

            if (currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeDef || currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeDummyDef)
            {
                VarSetOps::RemoveElemD(compiler, computedLive, varIndex);
            }
        }

        assert(reverseIterator != refPositions.rend());
    }

    VARSET_TP liveInNotComputedLive(VarSetOps::Diff(compiler, block->bbLiveIn, computedLive));

    VarSetOps::Iter liveInNotComputedLiveIter(compiler, liveInNotComputedLive);
    unsigned        liveInNotComputedLiveIndex = 0;
    while (liveInNotComputedLiveIter.NextElem(&liveInNotComputedLiveIndex))
    {
        unsigned varNum = compiler->lvaTrackedToVarNum[liveInNotComputedLiveIndex];
        if (compiler->lvaTable[varNum].lvLRACandidate)
        {
            JITDUMP("BB%02u: V%02u is in LiveIn set, but not computed live.\n", block->bbNum, varNum);
            foundDiff = true;
        }
    }

    VarSetOps::DiffD(compiler, computedLive, block->bbLiveIn);
    const VARSET_TP& computedLiveNotLiveIn(computedLive); // reuse the buffer.
    VarSetOps::Iter  computedLiveNotLiveInIter(compiler, computedLiveNotLiveIn);
    unsigned         computedLiveNotLiveInIndex = 0;
    while (computedLiveNotLiveInIter.NextElem(&computedLiveNotLiveInIndex))
    {
        unsigned varNum = compiler->lvaTrackedToVarNum[computedLiveNotLiveInIndex];
        if (compiler->lvaTable[varNum].lvLRACandidate)
        {
            JITDUMP("BB%02u: V%02u is computed live, but not in LiveIn set.\n", block->bbNum, varNum);
            foundDiff = true;
        }
    }

    assert(!foundDiff);
}
#endif // DEBUG

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// findPredBlockForLiveIn: Determine which block should be used for the register locations of the live-in variables.
//
// Arguments:
//    block                 - The block for which we're selecting a predecesor.
//    prevBlock             - The previous block in in allocation order.
//    pPredBlockIsAllocated - A debug-only argument that indicates whether any of the predecessors have been seen
//                            in allocation order.
//
// Return Value:
//    The selected predecessor.
//
// Assumptions:
//    in DEBUG, caller initializes *pPredBlockIsAllocated to false, and it will be set to true if the block
//    returned is in fact a predecessor.
//
// Notes:
//    This will select a predecessor based on the heuristics obtained by getLsraBlockBoundaryLocations(), which can be
//    one of:
//      LSRA_BLOCK_BOUNDARY_PRED    - Use the register locations of a predecessor block (default)
//      LSRA_BLOCK_BOUNDARY_LAYOUT  - Use the register locations of the previous block in layout order.
//                                    This is the only case where this actually returns a different block.
//      LSRA_BLOCK_BOUNDARY_ROTATE  - Rotate the register locations from a predecessor.
//                                    For this case, the block returned is the same as for LSRA_BLOCK_BOUNDARY_PRED, but
//                                    the register locations will be "rotated" to stress the resolution and allocation
//                                    code.

BasicBlock* LinearScan::findPredBlockForLiveIn(BasicBlock* block,
                                               BasicBlock* prevBlock DEBUGARG(bool* pPredBlockIsAllocated))
{
    BasicBlock* predBlock = nullptr;
#ifdef DEBUG
    assert(*pPredBlockIsAllocated == false);
    if (getLsraBlockBoundaryLocations() == LSRA_BLOCK_BOUNDARY_LAYOUT)
    {
        if (prevBlock != nullptr)
        {
            predBlock = prevBlock;
        }
    }
    else
#endif // DEBUG
        if (block != compiler->fgFirstBB)
    {
        predBlock = block->GetUniquePred(compiler);
        if (predBlock != nullptr)
        {
            if (isBlockVisited(predBlock))
            {
                if (predBlock->bbJumpKind == BBJ_COND)
                {
                    // Special handling to improve matching on backedges.
                    BasicBlock* otherBlock = (block == predBlock->bbNext) ? predBlock->bbJumpDest : predBlock->bbNext;
                    noway_assert(otherBlock != nullptr);
                    if (isBlockVisited(otherBlock))
                    {
                        // This is the case when we have a conditional branch where one target has already
                        // been visited.  It would be best to use the same incoming regs as that block,
                        // so that we have less likelihood of having to move registers.
                        // For example, in determining the block to use for the starting register locations for
                        // "block" in the following example, we'd like to use the same predecessor for "block"
                        // as for "otherBlock", so that both successors of predBlock have the same locations, reducing
                        // the likelihood of needing a split block on a backedge:
                        //
                        //   otherPred
                        //       |
                        //   otherBlock <-+
                        //     . . .      |
                        //                |
                        //   predBlock----+
                        //       |
                        //     block
                        //
                        for (flowList* pred = otherBlock->bbPreds; pred != nullptr; pred = pred->flNext)
                        {
                            BasicBlock* otherPred = pred->flBlock;
                            if (otherPred->bbNum == blockInfo[otherBlock->bbNum].predBBNum)
                            {
                                predBlock = otherPred;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                predBlock = nullptr;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            for (flowList* pred = block->bbPreds; pred != nullptr; pred = pred->flNext)
            {
                BasicBlock* candidatePredBlock = pred->flBlock;
                if (isBlockVisited(candidatePredBlock))
                {
                    if (predBlock == nullptr || predBlock->bbWeight < candidatePredBlock->bbWeight)
                    {
                        predBlock = candidatePredBlock;
                        INDEBUG(*pPredBlockIsAllocated = true;)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (predBlock == nullptr)
        {
            predBlock = prevBlock;
            assert(predBlock != nullptr);
            JITDUMP("\n\nNo allocated predecessor; ");
        }
    }
    return predBlock;
}

#ifdef DEBUG
void LinearScan::dumpVarRefPositions(const char* title)
{
    if (enregisterLocalVars)
    {
        printf("\nVAR REFPOSITIONS %s\n", title);

        for (unsigned i = 0; i < compiler->lvaCount; i++)
        {
            printf("--- V%02u\n", i);

            LclVarDsc* varDsc = compiler->lvaTable + i;
            if (varDsc->lvIsRegCandidate())
            {
                Interval* interval = getIntervalForLocalVar(varDsc->lvVarIndex);
                for (RefPosition* ref = interval->firstRefPosition; ref != nullptr; ref = ref->nextRefPosition)
                {
                    ref->dump();
                }
            }
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}

#endif // DEBUG

// Set the default rpFrameType based upon codeGen->isFramePointerRequired()
// This was lifted from the register predictor
//
void LinearScan::setFrameType()
{
    FrameType frameType = FT_NOT_SET;
#if DOUBLE_ALIGN
    compiler->codeGen->setDoubleAlign(false);
    if (doDoubleAlign)
    {
        frameType = FT_DOUBLE_ALIGN_FRAME;
        compiler->codeGen->setDoubleAlign(true);
    }
    else
#endif // DOUBLE_ALIGN
        if (compiler->codeGen->isFramePointerRequired())
    {
        frameType = FT_EBP_FRAME;
    }
    else
    {
        if (compiler->rpMustCreateEBPCalled == false)
        {
#ifdef DEBUG
            const char* reason;
#endif // DEBUG
            compiler->rpMustCreateEBPCalled = true;
            if (compiler->rpMustCreateEBPFrame(INDEBUG(&reason)))
            {
                JITDUMP("; Decided to create an EBP based frame for ETW stackwalking (%s)\n", reason);
                compiler->codeGen->setFrameRequired(true);
            }
        }

        if (compiler->codeGen->isFrameRequired())
        {
            frameType = FT_EBP_FRAME;
        }
        else
        {
            frameType = FT_ESP_FRAME;
        }
    }

    switch (frameType)
    {
        case FT_ESP_FRAME:
            noway_assert(!compiler->codeGen->isFramePointerRequired());
            noway_assert(!compiler->codeGen->isFrameRequired());
            compiler->codeGen->setFramePointerUsed(false);
            break;
        case FT_EBP_FRAME:
            compiler->codeGen->setFramePointerUsed(true);
            break;
#if DOUBLE_ALIGN
        case FT_DOUBLE_ALIGN_FRAME:
            noway_assert(!compiler->codeGen->isFramePointerRequired());
            compiler->codeGen->setFramePointerUsed(false);
            break;
#endif // DOUBLE_ALIGN
        default:
            noway_assert(!"rpFrameType not set correctly!");
            break;
    }

    // If we are using FPBASE as the frame register, we cannot also use it for
    // a local var. Note that we may have already added it to the register masks,
    // which are computed when the LinearScan class constructor is created, and
    // used during lowering. Luckily, the TreeNodeInfo only stores an index to
    // the masks stored in the LinearScan class, so we only need to walk the
    // unique masks and remove FPBASE.
    if (frameType == FT_EBP_FRAME)
    {
        if ((availableIntRegs & RBM_FPBASE) != 0)
        {
            RemoveRegisterFromMasks(REG_FPBASE);

            // We know that we're already in "read mode" for availableIntRegs. However,
            // we need to remove the FPBASE register, so subsequent users (like callers
            // to allRegs()) get the right thing. The RemoveRegisterFromMasks() code
            // fixes up everything that already took a dependency on the value that was
            // previously read, so this completes the picture.
            availableIntRegs.OverrideAssign(availableIntRegs & ~RBM_FPBASE);
        }
    }

    compiler->rpFrameType = frameType;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// copyOrMoveRegInUse: Is 'ref' a copyReg/moveReg that is still busy at the given location?
//
// Arguments:
//    ref: The RefPosition of interest
//    loc: The LsraLocation at which we're determining whether it's busy.
//
// Return Value:
//    true iff 'ref' is active at the given location
//
bool copyOrMoveRegInUse(RefPosition* ref, LsraLocation loc)
{
    if (!ref->copyReg && !ref->moveReg)
    {
        return false;
    }
    if (ref->getRefEndLocation() >= loc)
    {
        return true;
    }
    Interval*    interval = ref->getInterval();
    RefPosition* nextRef  = interval->getNextRefPosition();
    if (nextRef != nullptr && nextRef->treeNode == ref->treeNode && nextRef->getRefEndLocation() >= loc)
    {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

// Determine whether the register represented by "physRegRecord" is available at least
// at the "currentLoc", and if so, return the next location at which it is in use in
// "nextRefLocationPtr"
//
bool LinearScan::registerIsAvailable(RegRecord*    physRegRecord,
                                     LsraLocation  currentLoc,
                                     LsraLocation* nextRefLocationPtr,
                                     RegisterType  regType)
{
    *nextRefLocationPtr          = MaxLocation;
    LsraLocation nextRefLocation = MaxLocation;
    regMaskTP    regMask         = genRegMask(physRegRecord->regNum);
    if (physRegRecord->isBusyUntilNextKill)
    {
        return false;
    }

    RefPosition* nextPhysReference = physRegRecord->getNextRefPosition();
    if (nextPhysReference != nullptr)
    {
        nextRefLocation = nextPhysReference->nodeLocation;
        // if (nextPhysReference->refType == RefTypeFixedReg) nextRefLocation--;
    }
    else if (!physRegRecord->isCalleeSave)
    {
        nextRefLocation = MaxLocation - 1;
    }

    Interval* assignedInterval = physRegRecord->assignedInterval;

    if (assignedInterval != nullptr)
    {
        RefPosition* recentReference = assignedInterval->recentRefPosition;

        // The only case where we have an assignedInterval, but recentReference is null
        // is where this interval is live at procedure entry (i.e. an arg register), in which
        // case it's still live and its assigned register is not available
        // (Note that the ParamDef will be recorded as a recentReference when we encounter
        // it, but we will be allocating registers, potentially to other incoming parameters,
        // as we process the ParamDefs.)

        if (recentReference == nullptr)
        {
            return false;
        }

        // Is this a copyReg/moveReg?  It is if the register assignment doesn't match.
        // (the recentReference may not be a copyReg/moveReg, because we could have seen another
        // reference since the copyReg/moveReg)

        if (!assignedInterval->isAssignedTo(physRegRecord->regNum))
        {
            // If the recentReference is for a different register, it can be reassigned, but
            // otherwise don't reassign it if it's still in use.
            // (Note that it is unlikely that we have a recent copy or move to a different register,
            // where this physRegRecord is still pointing at an earlier copy or move, but it is possible,
            // especially in stress modes.)
            if ((recentReference->registerAssignment == regMask) && copyOrMoveRegInUse(recentReference, currentLoc))
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        else if (!assignedInterval->isActive && assignedInterval->isConstant)
        {
            // Treat this as unassigned, i.e. do nothing.
            // TODO-CQ: Consider adjusting the heuristics (probably in the caller of this method)
            // to avoid reusing these registers.
        }
        // If this interval isn't active, it's available if it isn't referenced
        // at this location (or the previous location, if the recent RefPosition
        // is a delayRegFree).
        else if (!assignedInterval->isActive &&
                 (recentReference->refType == RefTypeExpUse || recentReference->getRefEndLocation() < currentLoc))
        {
            // This interval must have a next reference (otherwise it wouldn't be assigned to this register)
            RefPosition* nextReference = recentReference->nextRefPosition;
            if (nextReference != nullptr)
            {
                if (nextReference->nodeLocation < nextRefLocation)
                {
                    nextRefLocation = nextReference->nodeLocation;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                assert(recentReference->copyReg && recentReference->registerAssignment != regMask);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
    if (nextRefLocation < *nextRefLocationPtr)
    {
        *nextRefLocationPtr = nextRefLocation;
    }

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
    if (regType == TYP_DOUBLE)
    {
        // Recurse, but check the other half this time (TYP_FLOAT)
        if (!registerIsAvailable(findAnotherHalfRegRec(physRegRecord), currentLoc, nextRefLocationPtr, TYP_FLOAT))
            return false;
        nextRefLocation = *nextRefLocationPtr;
    }
#endif // _TARGET_ARM_

    return (nextRefLocation >= currentLoc);
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// getRegisterType: Get the RegisterType to use for the given RefPosition
//
// Arguments:
//    currentInterval: The interval for the current allocation
//    refPosition:     The RefPosition of the current Interval for which a register is being allocated
//
// Return Value:
//    The RegisterType that should be allocated for this RefPosition
//
// Notes:
//    This will nearly always be identical to the registerType of the interval, except in the case
//    of SIMD types of 8 bytes (currently only Vector2) when they are passed and returned in integer
//    registers, or copied to a return temp.
//    This method need only be called in situations where we may be dealing with the register requirements
//    of a RefTypeUse RefPosition (i.e. not when we are only looking at the type of an interval, nor when
//    we are interested in the "defining" type of the interval).  This is because the situation of interest
//    only happens at the use (where it must be copied to an integer register).

RegisterType LinearScan::getRegisterType(Interval* currentInterval, RefPosition* refPosition)
{
    assert(refPosition->getInterval() == currentInterval);
    RegisterType regType    = currentInterval->registerType;
    regMaskTP    candidates = refPosition->registerAssignment;

    assert((candidates & allRegs(regType)) != RBM_NONE);
    return regType;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// isMatchingConstant: Check to see whether a given register contains the constant referenced
//                     by the given RefPosition
//
// Arguments:
//    physRegRecord:   The RegRecord for the register we're interested in.
//    refPosition:     The RefPosition for a constant interval.
//
// Return Value:
//    True iff the register was defined by an identical constant node as the current interval.
//
bool LinearScan::isMatchingConstant(RegRecord* physRegRecord, RefPosition* refPosition)
{
    if ((physRegRecord->assignedInterval == nullptr) || !physRegRecord->assignedInterval->isConstant)
    {
        return false;
    }
    noway_assert(refPosition->treeNode != nullptr);
    GenTree* otherTreeNode = physRegRecord->assignedInterval->firstRefPosition->treeNode;
    noway_assert(otherTreeNode != nullptr);

    if (refPosition->treeNode->OperGet() == otherTreeNode->OperGet())
    {
        switch (otherTreeNode->OperGet())
        {
            case GT_CNS_INT:
                if ((refPosition->treeNode->AsIntCon()->IconValue() == otherTreeNode->AsIntCon()->IconValue()) &&
                    (varTypeGCtype(refPosition->treeNode) == varTypeGCtype(otherTreeNode)))
                {
#ifdef _TARGET_64BIT_
                    // If the constant is negative, only reuse registers of the same type.
                    // This is because, on a 64-bit system, we do not sign-extend immediates in registers to
                    // 64-bits unless they are actually longs, as this requires a longer instruction.
                    // This doesn't apply to a 32-bit system, on which long values occupy multiple registers.
                    // (We could sign-extend, but we would have to always sign-extend, because if we reuse more
                    // than once, we won't have access to the instruction that originally defines the constant).
                    if ((refPosition->treeNode->TypeGet() == otherTreeNode->TypeGet()) ||
                        (refPosition->treeNode->AsIntCon()->IconValue() >= 0))
#endif // _TARGET_64BIT_
                    {
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                break;
            case GT_CNS_DBL:
            {
                // For floating point constants, the values must be identical, not simply compare
                // equal.  So we compare the bits.
                if (refPosition->treeNode->AsDblCon()->isBitwiseEqual(otherTreeNode->AsDblCon()) &&
                    (refPosition->treeNode->TypeGet() == otherTreeNode->TypeGet()))
                {
                    return true;
                }
                break;
            }
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// tryAllocateFreeReg: Find a free register that satisfies the requirements for refPosition,
//                     and takes into account the preferences for the given Interval
//
// Arguments:
//    currentInterval: The interval for the current allocation
//    refPosition:     The RefPosition of the current Interval for which a register is being allocated
//
// Return Value:
//    The regNumber, if any, allocated to the RefPositon.  Returns REG_NA if no free register is found.
//
// Notes:
//    TODO-CQ: Consider whether we need to use a different order for tree temps than for vars, as
//    reg predict does

static const regNumber lsraRegOrder[]      = {REG_VAR_ORDER};
const unsigned         lsraRegOrderSize    = ArrLen(lsraRegOrder);
static const regNumber lsraRegOrderFlt[]   = {REG_VAR_ORDER_FLT};
const unsigned         lsraRegOrderFltSize = ArrLen(lsraRegOrderFlt);

regNumber LinearScan::tryAllocateFreeReg(Interval* currentInterval, RefPosition* refPosition)
{
    regNumber foundReg = REG_NA;

    RegisterType     regType = getRegisterType(currentInterval, refPosition);
    const regNumber* regOrder;
    unsigned         regOrderSize;
    if (useFloatReg(regType))
    {
        regOrder     = lsraRegOrderFlt;
        regOrderSize = lsraRegOrderFltSize;
    }
    else
    {
        regOrder     = lsraRegOrder;
        regOrderSize = lsraRegOrderSize;
    }

    LsraLocation currentLocation = refPosition->nodeLocation;
    RefPosition* nextRefPos      = refPosition->nextRefPosition;
    LsraLocation nextLocation    = (nextRefPos == nullptr) ? currentLocation : nextRefPos->nodeLocation;
    regMaskTP    candidates      = refPosition->registerAssignment;
    regMaskTP    preferences     = currentInterval->registerPreferences;

    if (RefTypeIsDef(refPosition->refType))
    {
        if (currentInterval->hasConflictingDefUse)
        {
            resolveConflictingDefAndUse(currentInterval, refPosition);
            candidates = refPosition->registerAssignment;
        }
        // Otherwise, check for the case of a fixed-reg def of a reg that will be killed before the
        // use, or interferes at the point of use (which shouldn't happen, but Lower doesn't mark
        // the contained nodes as interfering).
        // Note that we may have a ParamDef RefPosition that is marked isFixedRegRef, but which
        // has had its registerAssignment changed to no longer be a single register.
        else if (refPosition->isFixedRegRef && nextRefPos != nullptr && RefTypeIsUse(nextRefPos->refType) &&
                 !nextRefPos->isFixedRegRef && genMaxOneBit(refPosition->registerAssignment))
        {
            regNumber  defReg       = refPosition->assignedReg();
            RegRecord* defRegRecord = getRegisterRecord(defReg);

            RefPosition* currFixedRegRefPosition = defRegRecord->recentRefPosition;
            assert(currFixedRegRefPosition != nullptr &&
                   currFixedRegRefPosition->nodeLocation == refPosition->nodeLocation);

            // If there is another fixed reference to this register before the use, change the candidates
            // on this RefPosition to include that of nextRefPos.
            if (currFixedRegRefPosition->nextRefPosition != nullptr &&
                currFixedRegRefPosition->nextRefPosition->nodeLocation <= nextRefPos->getRefEndLocation())
            {
                candidates |= nextRefPos->registerAssignment;
                if (preferences == refPosition->registerAssignment)
                {
                    preferences = candidates;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    preferences &= candidates;
    if (preferences == RBM_NONE)
    {
        preferences = candidates;
    }
    regMaskTP relatedPreferences = RBM_NONE;

#ifdef DEBUG
    candidates = stressLimitRegs(refPosition, candidates);
#endif
    assert(candidates != RBM_NONE);

    // If the related interval has no further references, it is possible that it is a source of the
    // node that produces this interval.  However, we don't want to use the relatedInterval for preferencing
    // if its next reference is not a new definition (as it either is or will become live).
    Interval* relatedInterval = currentInterval->relatedInterval;
    if (relatedInterval != nullptr)
    {
        RefPosition* nextRelatedRefPosition = relatedInterval->getNextRefPosition();
        if (nextRelatedRefPosition != nullptr)
        {
            // Don't use the relatedInterval for preferencing if its next reference is not a new definition,
            // or if it is only related because they are multi-reg targets of the same node.
            if (!RefTypeIsDef(nextRelatedRefPosition->refType) ||
                isMultiRegRelated(nextRelatedRefPosition, refPosition->nodeLocation))
            {
                relatedInterval = nullptr;
            }
            // Is the relatedInterval not assigned and simply a copy to another relatedInterval?
            else if ((relatedInterval->assignedReg == nullptr) && (relatedInterval->relatedInterval != nullptr) &&
                     (nextRelatedRefPosition->nextRefPosition != nullptr) &&
                     (nextRelatedRefPosition->nextRefPosition->nextRefPosition == nullptr) &&
                     (nextRelatedRefPosition->nextRefPosition->nodeLocation <
                      relatedInterval->relatedInterval->getNextRefLocation()))
            {
                // The current relatedInterval has only two remaining RefPositions, both of which
                // occur prior to the next RefPosition for its relatedInterval.
                // It is likely a copy.
                relatedInterval = relatedInterval->relatedInterval;
            }
        }
    }

    if (relatedInterval != nullptr)
    {
        // If the related interval already has an assigned register, then use that
        // as the related preference.  We'll take the related
        // interval preferences into account in the loop over all the registers.

        if (relatedInterval->assignedReg != nullptr)
        {
            relatedPreferences = genRegMask(relatedInterval->assignedReg->regNum);
        }
        else
        {
            relatedPreferences = relatedInterval->registerPreferences;
        }
    }

    bool preferCalleeSave = currentInterval->preferCalleeSave;

    // For floating point, we want to be less aggressive about using callee-save registers.
    // So in that case, we just need to ensure that the current RefPosition is covered.
    RefPosition* rangeEndRefPosition;
    RefPosition* lastRefPosition = currentInterval->lastRefPosition;
    if (useFloatReg(currentInterval->registerType))
    {
        rangeEndRefPosition = refPosition;
    }
    else
    {
        rangeEndRefPosition = currentInterval->lastRefPosition;
        // If we have a relatedInterval that is not currently occupying a register,
        // and whose lifetime begins after this one ends,
        // we want to try to select a register that will cover its lifetime.
        if ((relatedInterval != nullptr) && (relatedInterval->assignedReg == nullptr) &&
            (relatedInterval->getNextRefLocation() >= rangeEndRefPosition->nodeLocation))
        {
            lastRefPosition  = relatedInterval->lastRefPosition;
            preferCalleeSave = relatedInterval->preferCalleeSave;
        }
    }

    // If this has a delayed use (due to being used in a rmw position of a
    // non-commutative operator), its endLocation is delayed until the "def"
    // position, which is one location past the use (getRefEndLocation() takes care of this).
    LsraLocation rangeEndLocation = rangeEndRefPosition->getRefEndLocation();
    LsraLocation lastLocation     = lastRefPosition->getRefEndLocation();
    regNumber    prevReg          = REG_NA;

    if (currentInterval->assignedReg)
    {
        bool useAssignedReg = false;
        // This was an interval that was previously allocated to the given
        // physical register, and we should try to allocate it to that register
        // again, if possible and reasonable.
        // Use it preemptively (i.e. before checking other available regs)
        // only if it is preferred and available.

        RegRecord* regRec    = currentInterval->assignedReg;
        prevReg              = regRec->regNum;
        regMaskTP prevRegBit = genRegMask(prevReg);

        // Is it in the preferred set of regs?
        if ((prevRegBit & preferences) != RBM_NONE)
        {
            // Is it currently available?
            LsraLocation nextPhysRefLoc;
            if (registerIsAvailable(regRec, currentLocation, &nextPhysRefLoc, currentInterval->registerType))
            {
                // If the register is next referenced at this location, only use it if
                // this has a fixed reg requirement (i.e. this is the reference that caused
                // the FixedReg ref to be created)

                if (!regRec->conflictingFixedRegReference(refPosition))
                {
                    useAssignedReg = true;
                }
            }
        }
        if (useAssignedReg)
        {
            regNumber foundReg = prevReg;
            assignPhysReg(regRec, currentInterval);
            refPosition->registerAssignment = genRegMask(foundReg);
            return foundReg;
        }
        else
        {
            // Don't keep trying to allocate to this register
            currentInterval->assignedReg = nullptr;
        }
    }

    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Register Selection

    RegRecord* availablePhysRegInterval = nullptr;
    bool       unassignInterval         = false;

    // Each register will receive a score which is the sum of the scoring criteria below.
    // These were selected on the assumption that they will have an impact on the "goodness"
    // of a register selection, and have been tuned to a certain extent by observing the impact
    // of the ordering on asmDiffs.  However, there is probably much more room for tuning,
    // and perhaps additional criteria.
    //
    // These are FLAGS (bits) so that we can easily order them and add them together.
    // If the scores are equal, but one covers more of the current interval's range,
    // then it wins.  Otherwise, the one encountered earlier in the regOrder wins.

    enum RegisterScore
    {
        VALUE_AVAILABLE = 0x40, // It is a constant value that is already in an acceptable register.
        COVERS          = 0x20, // It is in the interval's preference set and it covers the entire lifetime.
        OWN_PREFERENCE  = 0x10, // It is in the preference set of this interval.
        COVERS_RELATED  = 0x08, // It is in the preference set of the related interval and covers the entire lifetime.
        RELATED_PREFERENCE = 0x04, // It is in the preference set of the related interval.
        CALLER_CALLEE      = 0x02, // It is in the right "set" for the interval (caller or callee-save).
        UNASSIGNED         = 0x01, // It is not currently assigned to an inactive interval.
    };

    int bestScore = 0;

    // Compute the best possible score so we can stop looping early if we find it.
    // TODO-Throughput: At some point we may want to short-circuit the computation of each score, but
    // probably not until we've tuned the order of these criteria.  At that point,
    // we'll need to avoid the short-circuit if we've got a stress option to reverse
    // the selection.
    int bestPossibleScore = COVERS + UNASSIGNED + OWN_PREFERENCE + CALLER_CALLEE;
    if (relatedPreferences != RBM_NONE)
    {
        bestPossibleScore |= RELATED_PREFERENCE + COVERS_RELATED;
    }

    LsraLocation bestLocation = MinLocation;

    // In non-debug builds, this will simply get optimized away
    bool reverseSelect = false;
#ifdef DEBUG
    reverseSelect = doReverseSelect();
#endif // DEBUG

    // An optimization for the common case where there is only one candidate -
    // avoid looping over all the other registers

    regNumber singleReg = REG_NA;

    if (genMaxOneBit(candidates))
    {
        regOrderSize = 1;
        singleReg    = genRegNumFromMask(candidates);
        regOrder     = &singleReg;
    }

    for (unsigned i = 0; i < regOrderSize && (candidates != RBM_NONE); i++)
    {
        regNumber regNum       = regOrder[i];
        regMaskTP candidateBit = genRegMask(regNum);

        if (!(candidates & candidateBit))
        {
            continue;
        }

        candidates &= ~candidateBit;

        RegRecord* physRegRecord = getRegisterRecord(regNum);

        int          score               = 0;
        LsraLocation nextPhysRefLocation = MaxLocation;

        // By chance, is this register already holding this interval, as a copyReg or having
        // been restored as inactive after a kill?
        if (physRegRecord->assignedInterval == currentInterval)
        {
            availablePhysRegInterval = physRegRecord;
            unassignInterval         = false;
            break;
        }

        // Find the next RefPosition of the physical register
        if (!registerIsAvailable(physRegRecord, currentLocation, &nextPhysRefLocation, regType))
        {
            continue;
        }

        // If the register is next referenced at this location, only use it if
        // this has a fixed reg requirement (i.e. this is the reference that caused
        // the FixedReg ref to be created)

        if (physRegRecord->conflictingFixedRegReference(refPosition))
        {
            continue;
        }

        // If this is a definition of a constant interval, check to see if its value is already in this register.
        if (currentInterval->isConstant && RefTypeIsDef(refPosition->refType) &&
            isMatchingConstant(physRegRecord, refPosition))
        {
            score |= VALUE_AVAILABLE;
        }

        // If the nextPhysRefLocation is a fixedRef for the rangeEndRefPosition, increment it so that
        // we don't think it isn't covering the live range.
        // This doesn't handle the case where earlier RefPositions for this Interval are also
        // FixedRefs of this regNum, but at least those are only interesting in the case where those
        // are "local last uses" of the Interval - otherwise the liveRange would interfere with the reg.
        if (nextPhysRefLocation == rangeEndLocation && rangeEndRefPosition->isFixedRefOfReg(regNum))
        {
            INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_INCREMENT_RANGE_END, currentInterval, regNum));
            nextPhysRefLocation++;
        }

        if ((candidateBit & preferences) != RBM_NONE)
        {
            score |= OWN_PREFERENCE;
            if (nextPhysRefLocation > rangeEndLocation)
            {
                score |= COVERS;
            }
        }
        if (relatedInterval != nullptr && (candidateBit & relatedPreferences) != RBM_NONE)
        {
            score |= RELATED_PREFERENCE;
            if (nextPhysRefLocation > relatedInterval->lastRefPosition->nodeLocation)
            {
                score |= COVERS_RELATED;
            }
        }

        // If we had a fixed-reg def of a reg that will be killed before the use, prefer it to any other registers
        // with the same score.  (Note that we haven't changed the original registerAssignment on the RefPosition).
        // Overload the RELATED_PREFERENCE value.
        else if (candidateBit == refPosition->registerAssignment)
        {
            score |= RELATED_PREFERENCE;
        }

        if ((preferCalleeSave && physRegRecord->isCalleeSave) || (!preferCalleeSave && !physRegRecord->isCalleeSave))
        {
            score |= CALLER_CALLEE;
        }

        // The register is considered unassigned if it has no assignedInterval, OR
        // if its next reference is beyond the range of this interval.
        if (!isAssigned(physRegRecord, lastLocation ARM_ARG(currentInterval->registerType)))
        {
            score |= UNASSIGNED;
        }

        bool foundBetterCandidate = false;

        if (score > bestScore)
        {
            foundBetterCandidate = true;
        }
        else if (score == bestScore)
        {
            // Prefer a register that covers the range.
            if (bestLocation <= lastLocation)
            {
                if (nextPhysRefLocation > bestLocation)
                {
                    foundBetterCandidate = true;
                }
            }
            // If both cover the range, prefer a register that is killed sooner (leaving the longer range register
            // available). If both cover the range and also getting killed at the same location, prefer the one which
            // is same as previous assignment.
            else if (nextPhysRefLocation > lastLocation)
            {
                if (nextPhysRefLocation < bestLocation)
                {
                    foundBetterCandidate = true;
                }
                else if (nextPhysRefLocation == bestLocation && prevReg == regNum)
                {
                    foundBetterCandidate = true;
                }
            }
        }

#ifdef DEBUG
        if (doReverseSelect() && bestScore != 0)
        {
            foundBetterCandidate = !foundBetterCandidate;
        }
#endif // DEBUG

        if (foundBetterCandidate)
        {
            bestLocation             = nextPhysRefLocation;
            availablePhysRegInterval = physRegRecord;
            unassignInterval         = true;
            bestScore                = score;
        }

        // there is no way we can get a better score so break out
        if (!reverseSelect && score == bestPossibleScore && bestLocation == rangeEndLocation + 1)
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (availablePhysRegInterval != nullptr)
    {
        if (unassignInterval && isAssigned(availablePhysRegInterval ARM_ARG(currentInterval->registerType)))
        {
            Interval* const intervalToUnassign = availablePhysRegInterval->assignedInterval;
            unassignPhysReg(availablePhysRegInterval ARM_ARG(currentInterval->registerType));

            if ((bestScore & VALUE_AVAILABLE) != 0 && intervalToUnassign != nullptr)
            {
                assert(intervalToUnassign->isConstant);
                refPosition->treeNode->SetReuseRegVal();
            }
            // If we considered this "unassigned" because this interval's lifetime ends before
            // the next ref, remember it.
            else if ((bestScore & UNASSIGNED) != 0 && intervalToUnassign != nullptr)
            {
                updatePreviousInterval(availablePhysRegInterval, intervalToUnassign, intervalToUnassign->registerType);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            assert((bestScore & VALUE_AVAILABLE) == 0);
        }
        assignPhysReg(availablePhysRegInterval, currentInterval);
        foundReg                        = availablePhysRegInterval->regNum;
        regMaskTP foundRegMask          = genRegMask(foundReg);
        refPosition->registerAssignment = foundRegMask;
        if (relatedInterval != nullptr)
        {
            relatedInterval->updateRegisterPreferences(foundRegMask);
        }
    }

    return foundReg;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// canSpillReg: Determine whether we can spill physRegRecord
//
// Arguments:
//    physRegRecord             - reg to spill
//    refLocation               - Location of RefPosition where this register will be spilled
//    recentAssignedRefWeight   - Weight of recent assigned RefPosition which will be determined in this function
//    farthestRefPosWeight      - Current farthestRefPosWeight at allocateBusyReg()
//
// Return Value:
//    True  - if we can spill physRegRecord
//    False - otherwise
//
// Note: This helper is designed to be used only from allocateBusyReg() and canSpillDoubleReg()
//
bool LinearScan::canSpillReg(RegRecord* physRegRecord, LsraLocation refLocation, unsigned* recentAssignedRefWeight)
{
    assert(physRegRecord->assignedInterval != nullptr);
    RefPosition* recentAssignedRef = physRegRecord->assignedInterval->recentRefPosition;

    if (recentAssignedRef != nullptr)
    {
        if (isRefPositionActive(recentAssignedRef, refLocation))
        {
            // We can't spill a register that's active at the current location
            return false;
        }

        // We don't prefer to spill a register if the weight of recentAssignedRef > weight
        // of the spill candidate found so far.  We would consider spilling a greater weight
        // ref position only if the refPosition being allocated must need a reg.
        *recentAssignedRefWeight = getWeight(recentAssignedRef);
    }
    return true;
}

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// canSpillDoubleReg: Determine whether we can spill physRegRecord
//
// Arguments:
//    physRegRecord             - reg to spill (must be a valid double register)
//    refLocation               - Location of RefPosition where this register will be spilled
//    recentAssignedRefWeight   - Weight of recent assigned RefPosition which will be determined in this function
//
// Return Value:
//    True  - if we can spill physRegRecord
//    False - otherwise
//
// Notes:
//    This helper is designed to be used only from allocateBusyReg() and canSpillDoubleReg().
//    The recentAssignedRefWeight is not updated if either register cannot be spilled.
//
bool LinearScan::canSpillDoubleReg(RegRecord*   physRegRecord,
                                   LsraLocation refLocation,
                                   unsigned*    recentAssignedRefWeight)
{
    assert(genIsValidDoubleReg(physRegRecord->regNum));
    bool     retVal  = true;
    unsigned weight  = BB_ZERO_WEIGHT;
    unsigned weight2 = BB_ZERO_WEIGHT;

    RegRecord* physRegRecord2 = findAnotherHalfRegRec(physRegRecord);

    if ((physRegRecord->assignedInterval != nullptr) && !canSpillReg(physRegRecord, refLocation, &weight))
    {
        return false;
    }
    if (physRegRecord2->assignedInterval != nullptr)
    {
        if (!canSpillReg(physRegRecord2, refLocation, &weight2))
        {
            return false;
        }
        if (weight2 > weight)
        {
            weight = weight2;
        }
    }
    *recentAssignedRefWeight = weight;
    return true;
}
#endif

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// unassignDoublePhysReg: unassign a double register (pair)
//
// Arguments:
//    doubleRegRecord - reg to unassign
//
// Note:
//    The given RegRecord must be a valid (even numbered) double register.
//
void LinearScan::unassignDoublePhysReg(RegRecord* doubleRegRecord)
{
    assert(genIsValidDoubleReg(doubleRegRecord->regNum));

    RegRecord* doubleRegRecordLo = doubleRegRecord;
    RegRecord* doubleRegRecordHi = findAnotherHalfRegRec(doubleRegRecordLo);
    // For a double register, we has following four cases.
    // Case 1: doubleRegRecLo is assigned to TYP_DOUBLE interval
    // Case 2: doubleRegRecLo and doubleRegRecHi are assigned to different TYP_FLOAT intervals
    // Case 3: doubelRegRecLo is assgined to TYP_FLOAT interval and doubleRegRecHi is nullptr
    // Case 4: doubleRegRecordLo is nullptr, and doubleRegRecordHi is assigned to a TYP_FLOAT interval
    if (doubleRegRecordLo->assignedInterval != nullptr)
    {
        if (doubleRegRecordLo->assignedInterval->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE)
        {
            // Case 1: doubleRegRecLo is assigned to TYP_DOUBLE interval
            unassignPhysReg(doubleRegRecordLo, doubleRegRecordLo->assignedInterval->recentRefPosition);
        }
        else
        {
            // Case 2: doubleRegRecLo and doubleRegRecHi are assigned to different TYP_FLOAT intervals
            // Case 3: doubelRegRecLo is assgined to TYP_FLOAT interval and doubleRegRecHi is nullptr
            assert(doubleRegRecordLo->assignedInterval->registerType == TYP_FLOAT);
            unassignPhysReg(doubleRegRecordLo, doubleRegRecordLo->assignedInterval->recentRefPosition);

            if (doubleRegRecordHi != nullptr)
            {
                if (doubleRegRecordHi->assignedInterval != nullptr)
                {
                    assert(doubleRegRecordHi->assignedInterval->registerType == TYP_FLOAT);
                    unassignPhysReg(doubleRegRecordHi, doubleRegRecordHi->assignedInterval->recentRefPosition);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // Case 4: doubleRegRecordLo is nullptr, and doubleRegRecordHi is assigned to a TYP_FLOAT interval
        assert(doubleRegRecordHi->assignedInterval != nullptr);
        assert(doubleRegRecordHi->assignedInterval->registerType == TYP_FLOAT);
        unassignPhysReg(doubleRegRecordHi, doubleRegRecordHi->assignedInterval->recentRefPosition);
    }
}

#endif // _TARGET_ARM_

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// isRefPositionActive: Determine whether a given RefPosition is active at the given location
//
// Arguments:
//    refPosition - the RefPosition of interest
//    refLocation - the LsraLocation at which we want to know if it is active
//
// Return Value:
//    True  - if this RefPosition occurs at the given location, OR
//            if it occurs at the previous location and is marked delayRegFree.
//    False - otherwise
//
bool LinearScan::isRefPositionActive(RefPosition* refPosition, LsraLocation refLocation)
{
    return (refPosition->nodeLocation == refLocation ||
            ((refPosition->nodeLocation + 1 == refLocation) && refPosition->delayRegFree));
}

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// isRegInUse: Test whether regRec is being used at the refPosition
//
// Arguments:
//    regRec - A register to be tested
//    refPosition - RefPosition where regRec is tested
//
// Return Value:
//    True - if regRec is being used
//    False - otherwise
//
// Notes:
//    This helper is designed to be used only from allocateBusyReg(), where:
//    - This register was *not* found when looking for a free register, and
//    - The caller must have already checked for the case where 'refPosition' is a fixed ref
//      (asserted at the beginning of this method).
//
bool LinearScan::isRegInUse(RegRecord* regRec, RefPosition* refPosition)
{
    // We shouldn't reach this check if 'refPosition' is a FixedReg of this register.
    assert(!refPosition->isFixedRefOfReg(regRec->regNum));
    Interval* assignedInterval = regRec->assignedInterval;
    if (assignedInterval != nullptr)
    {
        if (!assignedInterval->isActive)
        {
            // This can only happen if we have a recentRefPosition active at this location that hasn't yet been freed.
            CLANG_FORMAT_COMMENT_ANCHOR;

            if (isRefPositionActive(assignedInterval->recentRefPosition, refPosition->nodeLocation))
            {
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
                // In the case of TYP_DOUBLE, we may have the case where 'assignedInterval' is inactive,
                // but the other half register is active. If so, it must be have an active recentRefPosition,
                // as above.
                if (refPosition->getInterval()->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE)
                {
                    RegRecord* otherHalfRegRec = findAnotherHalfRegRec(regRec);
                    if (!otherHalfRegRec->assignedInterval->isActive)
                    {
                        if (isRefPositionActive(otherHalfRegRec->assignedInterval->recentRefPosition,
                                                refPosition->nodeLocation))
                        {
                            return true;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            assert(!"Unexpected inactive assigned interval in isRegInUse");
                            return true;
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
#endif
                {
                    assert(!"Unexpected inactive assigned interval in isRegInUse");
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        RefPosition* nextAssignedRef = assignedInterval->getNextRefPosition();

        // We should never spill a register that's occupied by an Interval with its next use at the current
        // location.
        // Normally this won't occur (unless we actually had more uses in a single node than there are registers),
        // because we'll always find something with a later nextLocation, but it can happen in stress when
        // we have LSRA_SELECT_NEAREST.
        if ((nextAssignedRef != nullptr) && isRefPositionActive(nextAssignedRef, refPosition->nodeLocation) &&
            nextAssignedRef->RequiresRegister())
        {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// isSpillCandidate: Determine if a register is a spill candidate for a given RefPosition.
//
// Arguments:
//    current               The interval for the current allocation
//    refPosition           The RefPosition of the current Interval for which a register is being allocated
//    physRegRecord         The RegRecord for the register we're considering for spill
//    nextLocation          An out (reference) parameter in which the next use location of the
//                          given RegRecord will be returned.
//
// Return Value:
//    True iff the given register can be spilled to accommodate the given RefPosition.
//
bool LinearScan::isSpillCandidate(Interval*     current,
                                  RefPosition*  refPosition,
                                  RegRecord*    physRegRecord,
                                  LsraLocation& nextLocation)
{
    regMaskTP    candidateBit = genRegMask(physRegRecord->regNum);
    LsraLocation refLocation  = refPosition->nodeLocation;
    if (physRegRecord->isBusyUntilNextKill)
    {
        return false;
    }
    Interval* assignedInterval = physRegRecord->assignedInterval;
    if (assignedInterval != nullptr)
    {
        nextLocation = assignedInterval->getNextRefLocation();
    }
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
    RegRecord* physRegRecord2    = nullptr;
    Interval*  assignedInterval2 = nullptr;

    // For ARM32, a double occupies a consecutive even/odd pair of float registers.
    if (current->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE)
    {
        assert(genIsValidDoubleReg(physRegRecord->regNum));
        physRegRecord2 = findAnotherHalfRegRec(physRegRecord);
        if (physRegRecord2->isBusyUntilNextKill)
        {
            return false;
        }
        assignedInterval2 = physRegRecord2->assignedInterval;
        if ((assignedInterval2 != nullptr) && (assignedInterval2->getNextRefLocation() > nextLocation))
        {
            nextLocation = assignedInterval2->getNextRefLocation();
        }
    }
#endif

    // If there is a fixed reference at the same location (and it's not due to this reference),
    // don't use it.
    if (physRegRecord->conflictingFixedRegReference(refPosition))
    {
        return false;
    }

    if (refPosition->isFixedRefOfRegMask(candidateBit))
    {
        // Either:
        // - there is a fixed reference due to this node, OR
        // - or there is a fixed use fed by a def at this node, OR
        // - or we have restricted the set of registers for stress.
        // In any case, we must use this register as it's the only candidate
        // TODO-CQ: At the time we allocate a register to a fixed-reg def, if it's not going
        // to remain live until the use, we should set the candidates to allRegs(regType)
        // to avoid a spill - codegen can then insert the copy.
        // If this is marked as allocateIfProfitable, the caller will compare the weights
        // of this RefPosition and the RefPosition to which it is currently assigned.
        assert(refPosition->isFixedRegRef ||
               (refPosition->nextRefPosition != nullptr && refPosition->nextRefPosition->isFixedRegRef) ||
               candidatesAreStressLimited());
        return true;
    }

    // If this register is not assigned to an interval, either
    // - it has a FixedReg reference at the current location that is not this reference, OR
    // - this is the special case of a fixed loReg, where this interval has a use at the same location
    // In either case, we cannot use it
    CLANG_FORMAT_COMMENT_ANCHOR;

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
    if (assignedInterval == nullptr && assignedInterval2 == nullptr)
#else
    if (assignedInterval == nullptr)
#endif
    {
        RefPosition* nextPhysRegPosition = physRegRecord->getNextRefPosition();
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM64_
        // On ARM64, we may need to actually allocate IP0 and IP1 in some cases, but we don't include it in
        // the allocation order for tryAllocateFreeReg.
        if ((physRegRecord->regNum != REG_IP0) && (physRegRecord->regNum != REG_IP1))
#endif // _TARGET_ARM64_
        {
            assert((nextPhysRegPosition != nullptr) && (nextPhysRegPosition->nodeLocation == refLocation) &&
                   (candidateBit != refPosition->registerAssignment));
        }
        return false;
    }

    if (isRegInUse(physRegRecord, refPosition))
    {
        return false;
    }

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
    if (current->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE)
    {
        if (isRegInUse(physRegRecord2, refPosition))
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
#endif
    return true;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// allocateBusyReg: Find a busy register that satisfies the requirements for refPosition,
//                  and that can be spilled.
//
// Arguments:
//    current               The interval for the current allocation
//    refPosition           The RefPosition of the current Interval for which a register is being allocated
//    allocateIfProfitable  If true, a reg may not be allocated if all other ref positions currently
//                          occupying registers are more important than the 'refPosition'.
//
// Return Value:
//    The regNumber allocated to the RefPositon.  Returns REG_NA if no free register is found.
//
// Note:  Currently this routine uses weight and farthest distance of next reference
// to select a ref position for spilling.
// a) if allocateIfProfitable = false
//        The ref position chosen for spilling will be the lowest weight
//        of all and if there is is more than one ref position with the
//        same lowest weight, among them choses the one with farthest
//        distance to its next reference.
//
// b) if allocateIfProfitable = true
//        The ref position chosen for spilling will not only be lowest weight
//        of all but also has a weight lower than 'refPosition'.  If there is
//        no such ref position, reg will not be allocated.
//
regNumber LinearScan::allocateBusyReg(Interval* current, RefPosition* refPosition, bool allocateIfProfitable)
{
    regNumber foundReg = REG_NA;

    RegisterType regType     = getRegisterType(current, refPosition);
    regMaskTP    candidates  = refPosition->registerAssignment;
    regMaskTP    preferences = (current->registerPreferences & candidates);
    if (preferences == RBM_NONE)
    {
        preferences = candidates;
    }
    if (candidates == RBM_NONE)
    {
        // This assumes only integer and floating point register types
        // if we target a processor with additional register types,
        // this would have to change
        candidates = allRegs(regType);
    }

#ifdef DEBUG
    candidates = stressLimitRegs(refPosition, candidates);
#endif // DEBUG

    // TODO-CQ: Determine whether/how to take preferences into account in addition to
    // prefering the one with the furthest ref position when considering
    // a candidate to spill
    RegRecord* farthestRefPhysRegRecord = nullptr;
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
    RegRecord* farthestRefPhysRegRecord2 = nullptr;
#endif
    LsraLocation farthestLocation = MinLocation;
    LsraLocation refLocation      = refPosition->nodeLocation;
    unsigned     farthestRefPosWeight;
    if (allocateIfProfitable)
    {
        // If allocating a reg is optional, we will consider those ref positions
        // whose weight is less than 'refPosition' for spilling.
        farthestRefPosWeight = getWeight(refPosition);
    }
    else
    {
        // If allocating a reg is a must, we start off with max weight so
        // that the first spill candidate will be selected based on
        // farthest distance alone.  Since we start off with farthestLocation
        // initialized to MinLocation, the first available ref position
        // will be selected as spill candidate and its weight as the
        // fathestRefPosWeight.
        farthestRefPosWeight = BB_MAX_WEIGHT;
    }

    for (regNumber regNum : Registers(regType))
    {
        regMaskTP candidateBit = genRegMask(regNum);
        if (!(candidates & candidateBit))
        {
            continue;
        }
        RegRecord*   physRegRecord  = getRegisterRecord(regNum);
        RegRecord*   physRegRecord2 = nullptr; // only used for _TARGET_ARM_
        LsraLocation nextLocation   = MinLocation;
        LsraLocation physRegNextLocation;
        if (!isSpillCandidate(current, refPosition, physRegRecord, nextLocation))
        {
            assert(candidates != candidateBit);
            continue;
        }

        // We've passed the preliminary checks for a spill candidate.
        // Now, if we have a recentAssignedRef, check that it is going to be OK to spill it.
        Interval*    assignedInterval        = physRegRecord->assignedInterval;
        unsigned     recentAssignedRefWeight = BB_ZERO_WEIGHT;
        RefPosition* recentAssignedRef       = nullptr;
        RefPosition* recentAssignedRef2      = nullptr;
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
        if (current->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE)
        {
            recentAssignedRef           = (assignedInterval == nullptr) ? nullptr : assignedInterval->recentRefPosition;
            physRegRecord2              = findAnotherHalfRegRec(physRegRecord);
            Interval* assignedInterval2 = physRegRecord2->assignedInterval;
            recentAssignedRef2 = (assignedInterval2 == nullptr) ? nullptr : assignedInterval2->recentRefPosition;
            if (!canSpillDoubleReg(physRegRecord, refLocation, &recentAssignedRefWeight))
            {
                continue;
            }
        }
        else
#endif
        {
            recentAssignedRef = assignedInterval->recentRefPosition;
            if (!canSpillReg(physRegRecord, refLocation, &recentAssignedRefWeight))
            {
                continue;
            }
        }
        if (recentAssignedRefWeight > farthestRefPosWeight)
        {
            continue;
        }

        physRegNextLocation = physRegRecord->getNextRefLocation();
        if (nextLocation > physRegNextLocation)
        {
            nextLocation = physRegNextLocation;
        }

        bool isBetterLocation;

#ifdef DEBUG
        if (doSelectNearest() && farthestRefPhysRegRecord != nullptr)
        {
            isBetterLocation = (nextLocation <= farthestLocation);
        }
        else
#endif
            // This if-stmt is associated with the above else
            if (recentAssignedRefWeight < farthestRefPosWeight)
        {
            isBetterLocation = true;
        }
        else
        {
            // This would mean the weight of spill ref position we found so far is equal
            // to the weight of the ref position that is being evaluated.  In this case
            // we prefer to spill ref position whose distance to its next reference is
            // the farthest.
            assert(recentAssignedRefWeight == farthestRefPosWeight);

            // If allocateIfProfitable=true, the first spill candidate selected
            // will be based on weight alone. After we have found a spill
            // candidate whose weight is less than the 'refPosition', we will
            // consider farthest distance when there is a tie in weights.
            // This is to ensure that we don't spill a ref position whose
            // weight is equal to weight of 'refPosition'.
            if (allocateIfProfitable && farthestRefPhysRegRecord == nullptr)
            {
                isBetterLocation = false;
            }
            else
            {
                isBetterLocation = (nextLocation > farthestLocation);

                if (nextLocation > farthestLocation)
                {
                    isBetterLocation = true;
                }
                else if (nextLocation == farthestLocation)
                {
                    // Both weight and distance are equal.
                    // Prefer that ref position which is marked both reload and
                    // allocate if profitable.  These ref positions don't need
                    // need to be spilled as they are already in memory and
                    // codegen considers them as contained memory operands.
                    CLANG_FORMAT_COMMENT_ANCHOR;
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
                    // TODO-CQ-ARM: Just conservatively "and" two condition. We may implement better condision later.
                    isBetterLocation = true;
                    if (recentAssignedRef != nullptr)
                        isBetterLocation &= (recentAssignedRef->reload && recentAssignedRef->AllocateIfProfitable());

                    if (recentAssignedRef2 != nullptr)
                        isBetterLocation &= (recentAssignedRef2->reload && recentAssignedRef2->AllocateIfProfitable());
#else
                    isBetterLocation = (recentAssignedRef != nullptr) && recentAssignedRef->reload &&
                                       recentAssignedRef->AllocateIfProfitable();
#endif
                }
                else
                {
                    isBetterLocation = false;
                }
            }
        }

        if (isBetterLocation)
        {
            farthestLocation         = nextLocation;
            farthestRefPhysRegRecord = physRegRecord;
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
            farthestRefPhysRegRecord2 = physRegRecord2;
#endif
            farthestRefPosWeight = recentAssignedRefWeight;
        }
    }

#if DEBUG
    if (allocateIfProfitable)
    {
        // There may not be a spill candidate or if one is found
        // its weight must be less than the weight of 'refPosition'
        assert((farthestRefPhysRegRecord == nullptr) || (farthestRefPosWeight < getWeight(refPosition)));
    }
    else
    {
        // Must have found a spill candidate.
        assert(farthestRefPhysRegRecord != nullptr);

        if (farthestLocation == refLocation)
        {
            // This must be a RefPosition that is constrained to use a single register, either directly,
            // or at the use, or by stress.
            bool isConstrained = (refPosition->isFixedRegRef || (refPosition->nextRefPosition != nullptr &&
                                                                 refPosition->nextRefPosition->isFixedRegRef) ||
                                  candidatesAreStressLimited());
            if (!isConstrained)
            {
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
                Interval* assignedInterval =
                    (farthestRefPhysRegRecord == nullptr) ? nullptr : farthestRefPhysRegRecord->assignedInterval;
                Interval* assignedInterval2 =
                    (farthestRefPhysRegRecord2 == nullptr) ? nullptr : farthestRefPhysRegRecord2->assignedInterval;
                RefPosition* nextRefPosition =
                    (assignedInterval == nullptr) ? nullptr : assignedInterval->getNextRefPosition();
                RefPosition* nextRefPosition2 =
                    (assignedInterval2 == nullptr) ? nullptr : assignedInterval2->getNextRefPosition();
                if (nextRefPosition != nullptr)
                {
                    if (nextRefPosition2 != nullptr)
                    {
                        assert(!nextRefPosition->RequiresRegister() || !nextRefPosition2->RequiresRegister());
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        assert(!nextRefPosition->RequiresRegister());
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    assert(nextRefPosition2 != nullptr && !nextRefPosition2->RequiresRegister());
                }
#else  // !_TARGET_ARM_
                Interval*    assignedInterval = farthestRefPhysRegRecord->assignedInterval;
                RefPosition* nextRefPosition  = assignedInterval->getNextRefPosition();
                assert(!nextRefPosition->RequiresRegister());
#endif // !_TARGET_ARM_
            }
        }
        else
        {
            assert(farthestLocation > refLocation);
        }
    }
#endif // DEBUG

    if (farthestRefPhysRegRecord != nullptr)
    {
        foundReg = farthestRefPhysRegRecord->regNum;

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
        if (current->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE)
        {
            assert(genIsValidDoubleReg(foundReg));
            unassignDoublePhysReg(farthestRefPhysRegRecord);
        }
        else
#endif
        {
            unassignPhysReg(farthestRefPhysRegRecord, farthestRefPhysRegRecord->assignedInterval->recentRefPosition);
        }

        assignPhysReg(farthestRefPhysRegRecord, current);
        refPosition->registerAssignment = genRegMask(foundReg);
    }
    else
    {
        foundReg                        = REG_NA;
        refPosition->registerAssignment = RBM_NONE;
    }

    return foundReg;
}

// Grab a register to use to copy and then immediately use.
// This is called only for localVar intervals that already have a register
// assignment that is not compatible with the current RefPosition.
// This is not like regular assignment, because we don't want to change
// any preferences or existing register assignments.
// Prefer a free register that's got the earliest next use.
// Otherwise, spill something with the farthest next use
//
regNumber LinearScan::assignCopyReg(RefPosition* refPosition)
{
    Interval* currentInterval = refPosition->getInterval();
    assert(currentInterval != nullptr);
    assert(currentInterval->isActive);

    bool         foundFreeReg = false;
    RegRecord*   bestPhysReg  = nullptr;
    LsraLocation bestLocation = MinLocation;
    regMaskTP    candidates   = refPosition->registerAssignment;

    // Save the relatedInterval, if any, so that it doesn't get modified during allocation.
    Interval* savedRelatedInterval   = currentInterval->relatedInterval;
    currentInterval->relatedInterval = nullptr;

    // We don't want really want to change the default assignment,
    // so 1) pretend this isn't active, and 2) remember the old reg
    regNumber  oldPhysReg   = currentInterval->physReg;
    RegRecord* oldRegRecord = currentInterval->assignedReg;
    assert(oldRegRecord->regNum == oldPhysReg);
    currentInterval->isActive = false;

    regNumber allocatedReg = tryAllocateFreeReg(currentInterval, refPosition);
    if (allocatedReg == REG_NA)
    {
        allocatedReg = allocateBusyReg(currentInterval, refPosition, false);
    }

    // Now restore the old info
    currentInterval->relatedInterval = savedRelatedInterval;
    currentInterval->physReg         = oldPhysReg;
    currentInterval->assignedReg     = oldRegRecord;
    currentInterval->isActive        = true;

    refPosition->copyReg = true;
    return allocatedReg;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// isAssigned: This is the function to check if the given RegRecord has an assignedInterval
//             regardless of lastLocation.
//             So it would be call isAssigned() with Maxlocation value.
//
// Arguments:
//    regRec       - The RegRecord to check that it is assigned.
//    newRegType   - There are elements to judge according to the upcoming register type.
//
// Return Value:
//    Returns true if the given RegRecord has an assignedInterval.
//
// Notes:
//    There is the case to check if the RegRecord has an assignedInterval regardless of Lastlocation.
//
bool LinearScan::isAssigned(RegRecord* regRec ARM_ARG(RegisterType newRegType))
{
    return isAssigned(regRec, MaxLocation ARM_ARG(newRegType));
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// isAssigned: Check whether the given RegRecord has an assignedInterval
//             that has a reference prior to the given location.
//
// Arguments:
//    regRec       - The RegRecord of interest
//    lastLocation - The LsraLocation up to which we want to check
//    newRegType   - The `RegisterType` of interval we want to check
//                   (this is for the purposes of checking the other half of a TYP_DOUBLE RegRecord)
//
// Return value:
//    Returns true if the given RegRecord (and its other half, if TYP_DOUBLE) has an assignedInterval
//    that is referenced prior to the given location
//
// Notes:
//    The register is not considered to be assigned if it has no assignedInterval, or that Interval's
//    next reference is beyond lastLocation
//
bool LinearScan::isAssigned(RegRecord* regRec, LsraLocation lastLocation ARM_ARG(RegisterType newRegType))
{
    Interval* assignedInterval = regRec->assignedInterval;

    if ((assignedInterval == nullptr) || assignedInterval->getNextRefLocation() > lastLocation)
    {
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
        if (newRegType == TYP_DOUBLE)
        {
            RegRecord* anotherRegRec = findAnotherHalfRegRec(regRec);

            if ((anotherRegRec->assignedInterval == nullptr) ||
                (anotherRegRec->assignedInterval->getNextRefLocation() > lastLocation))
            {
                // In case the newRegType is a double register,
                // the score would be set UNASSIGNED if another register is also not set.
                return false;
            }
        }
        else
#endif
        {
            return false;
        }
    }

    return true;
}

// Check if the interval is already assigned and if it is then unassign the physical record
// then set the assignedInterval to 'interval'
//
void LinearScan::checkAndAssignInterval(RegRecord* regRec, Interval* interval)
{
    Interval* assignedInterval = regRec->assignedInterval;
    if (assignedInterval != nullptr && assignedInterval != interval)
    {
        // This is allocated to another interval.  Either it is inactive, or it was allocated as a
        // copyReg and is therefore not the "assignedReg" of the other interval.  In the latter case,
        // we simply unassign it - in the former case we need to set the physReg on the interval to
        // REG_NA to indicate that it is no longer in that register.
        // The lack of checking for this case resulted in an assert in the retail version of System.dll,
        // in method SerialStream.GetDcbFlag.
        // Note that we can't check for the copyReg case, because we may have seen a more recent
        // RefPosition for the Interval that was NOT a copyReg.
        if (assignedInterval->assignedReg == regRec)
        {
            assert(assignedInterval->isActive == false);
            assignedInterval->physReg = REG_NA;
        }
        unassignPhysReg(regRec->regNum);
    }
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
    // If 'interval' and 'assignedInterval' were both TYP_DOUBLE, then we have unassigned 'assignedInterval'
    // from both halves. Otherwise, if 'interval' is TYP_DOUBLE, we now need to unassign the other half.
    if ((interval->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE) &&
        ((assignedInterval == nullptr) || (assignedInterval->registerType == TYP_FLOAT)))
    {
        RegRecord* otherRegRecord = getSecondHalfRegRec(regRec);
        assignedInterval          = otherRegRecord->assignedInterval;
        if (assignedInterval != nullptr && assignedInterval != interval)
        {
            if (assignedInterval->assignedReg == otherRegRecord)
            {
                assert(assignedInterval->isActive == false);
                assignedInterval->physReg = REG_NA;
            }
            unassignPhysReg(otherRegRecord->regNum);
        }
    }
#endif

    updateAssignedInterval(regRec, interval, interval->registerType);
}

// Assign the given physical register interval to the given interval
void LinearScan::assignPhysReg(RegRecord* regRec, Interval* interval)
{
    regMaskTP assignedRegMask = genRegMask(regRec->regNum);
    compiler->codeGen->regSet.rsSetRegsModified(assignedRegMask DEBUGARG(true));

    checkAndAssignInterval(regRec, interval);
    interval->assignedReg = regRec;

    interval->physReg  = regRec->regNum;
    interval->isActive = true;
    if (interval->isLocalVar)
    {
        // Prefer this register for future references
        interval->updateRegisterPreferences(assignedRegMask);
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// setIntervalAsSplit: Set this Interval as being split
//
// Arguments:
//    interval - The Interval which is being split
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Notes:
//    The given Interval will be marked as split, and it will be added to the
//    set of splitOrSpilledVars.
//
// Assumptions:
//    "interval" must be a lclVar interval, as tree temps are never split.
//    This is asserted in the call to getVarIndex().
//
void LinearScan::setIntervalAsSplit(Interval* interval)
{
    if (interval->isLocalVar)
    {
        unsigned varIndex = interval->getVarIndex(compiler);
        if (!interval->isSplit)
        {
            VarSetOps::AddElemD(compiler, splitOrSpilledVars, varIndex);
        }
        else
        {
            assert(VarSetOps::IsMember(compiler, splitOrSpilledVars, varIndex));
        }
    }
    interval->isSplit = true;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// setIntervalAsSpilled: Set this Interval as being spilled
//
// Arguments:
//    interval - The Interval which is being spilled
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Notes:
//    The given Interval will be marked as spilled, and it will be added
//    to the set of splitOrSpilledVars.
//
void LinearScan::setIntervalAsSpilled(Interval* interval)
{
    if (interval->isLocalVar)
    {
        unsigned varIndex = interval->getVarIndex(compiler);
        if (!interval->isSpilled)
        {
            VarSetOps::AddElemD(compiler, splitOrSpilledVars, varIndex);
        }
        else
        {
            assert(VarSetOps::IsMember(compiler, splitOrSpilledVars, varIndex));
        }
    }
    interval->isSpilled = true;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// spill: Spill this Interval between "fromRefPosition" and "toRefPosition"
//
// Arguments:
//    fromRefPosition - The RefPosition at which the Interval is to be spilled
//    toRefPosition   - The RefPosition at which it must be reloaded
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Assumptions:
//    fromRefPosition and toRefPosition must not be null
//
void LinearScan::spillInterval(Interval* interval, RefPosition* fromRefPosition, RefPosition* toRefPosition)
{
    assert(fromRefPosition != nullptr && toRefPosition != nullptr);
    assert(fromRefPosition->getInterval() == interval && toRefPosition->getInterval() == interval);
    assert(fromRefPosition->nextRefPosition == toRefPosition);

    if (!fromRefPosition->lastUse)
    {
        // If not allocated a register, Lcl var def/use ref positions even if reg optional
        // should be marked as spillAfter.
        if (!fromRefPosition->RequiresRegister() && !(interval->isLocalVar && fromRefPosition->IsActualRef()))
        {
            fromRefPosition->registerAssignment = RBM_NONE;
        }
        else
        {
            fromRefPosition->spillAfter = true;
        }
    }
    assert(toRefPosition != nullptr);

#ifdef DEBUG
    if (VERBOSE)
    {
        dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_SPILL, interval);
    }
#endif // DEBUG

    INTRACK_STATS(updateLsraStat(LSRA_STAT_SPILL, fromRefPosition->bbNum));

    interval->isActive = false;
    setIntervalAsSpilled(interval);

    // If fromRefPosition occurs before the beginning of this block, mark this as living in the stack
    // on entry to this block.
    if (fromRefPosition->nodeLocation <= curBBStartLocation)
    {
        // This must be a lclVar interval
        assert(interval->isLocalVar);
        setInVarRegForBB(curBBNum, interval->varNum, REG_STK);
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// unassignPhysRegNoSpill: Unassign the given physical register record from
//                         an active interval, without spilling.
//
// Arguments:
//    regRec           - the RegRecord to be unasssigned
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Assumptions:
//    The assignedInterval must not be null, and must be active.
//
// Notes:
//    This method is used to unassign a register when an interval needs to be moved to a
//    different register, but not (yet) spilled.

void LinearScan::unassignPhysRegNoSpill(RegRecord* regRec)
{
    Interval* assignedInterval = regRec->assignedInterval;
    assert(assignedInterval != nullptr && assignedInterval->isActive);
    assignedInterval->isActive = false;
    unassignPhysReg(regRec, nullptr);
    assignedInterval->isActive = true;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// checkAndClearInterval: Clear the assignedInterval for the given
//                        physical register record
//
// Arguments:
//    regRec           - the physical RegRecord to be unasssigned
//    spillRefPosition - The RefPosition at which the assignedInterval is to be spilled
//                       or nullptr if we aren't spilling
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Assumptions:
//    see unassignPhysReg
//
void LinearScan::checkAndClearInterval(RegRecord* regRec, RefPosition* spillRefPosition)
{
    Interval* assignedInterval = regRec->assignedInterval;
    assert(assignedInterval != nullptr);
    regNumber thisRegNum = regRec->regNum;

    if (spillRefPosition == nullptr)
    {
        // Note that we can't assert  for the copyReg case
        //
        if (assignedInterval->physReg == thisRegNum)
        {
            assert(assignedInterval->isActive == false);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        assert(spillRefPosition->getInterval() == assignedInterval);
    }

    updateAssignedInterval(regRec, nullptr, assignedInterval->registerType);
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// unassignPhysReg: Unassign the given physical register record, and spill the
//                  assignedInterval at the given spillRefPosition, if any.
//
// Arguments:
//    regRec           - The RegRecord to be unasssigned
//    newRegType       - The RegisterType of interval that would be assigned
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Notes:
//    On ARM architecture, Intervals have to be unassigned considering
//    with the register type of interval that would be assigned.
//
void LinearScan::unassignPhysReg(RegRecord* regRec ARM_ARG(RegisterType newRegType))
{
    RegRecord* regRecToUnassign = regRec;
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
    RegRecord* anotherRegRec = nullptr;

    if ((regRecToUnassign->assignedInterval != nullptr) &&
        (regRecToUnassign->assignedInterval->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE))
    {
        // If the register type of interval(being unassigned or new) is TYP_DOUBLE,
        // It should have to be valid double register (even register)
        if (!genIsValidDoubleReg(regRecToUnassign->regNum))
        {
            regRecToUnassign = findAnotherHalfRegRec(regRec);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if (newRegType == TYP_DOUBLE)
        {
            anotherRegRec = findAnotherHalfRegRec(regRecToUnassign);
        }
    }
#endif

    if (regRecToUnassign->assignedInterval != nullptr)
    {
        unassignPhysReg(regRecToUnassign, regRecToUnassign->assignedInterval->recentRefPosition);
    }
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
    if ((anotherRegRec != nullptr) && (anotherRegRec->assignedInterval != nullptr))
    {
        unassignPhysReg(anotherRegRec, anotherRegRec->assignedInterval->recentRefPosition);
    }
#endif
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// unassignPhysReg: Unassign the given physical register record, and spill the
//                  assignedInterval at the given spillRefPosition, if any.
//
// Arguments:
//    regRec           - the RegRecord to be unasssigned
//    spillRefPosition - The RefPosition at which the assignedInterval is to be spilled
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Assumptions:
//    The assignedInterval must not be null.
//    If spillRefPosition is null, the assignedInterval must be inactive, or not currently
//    assigned to this register (e.g. this is a copyReg for that Interval).
//    Otherwise, spillRefPosition must be associated with the assignedInterval.
//
void LinearScan::unassignPhysReg(RegRecord* regRec, RefPosition* spillRefPosition)
{
    Interval* assignedInterval = regRec->assignedInterval;
    assert(assignedInterval != nullptr);
    regNumber thisRegNum = regRec->regNum;

    // Is assignedInterval actually still assigned to this register?
    bool intervalIsAssigned = (assignedInterval->physReg == thisRegNum);

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
    RegRecord* anotherRegRec = nullptr;

    // Prepare second half RegRecord of a double register for TYP_DOUBLE
    if (assignedInterval->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE)
    {
        assert(isFloatRegType(regRec->registerType));

        anotherRegRec = findAnotherHalfRegRec(regRec);

        // Both two RegRecords should have been assigned to the same interval.
        assert(assignedInterval == anotherRegRec->assignedInterval);
        if (!intervalIsAssigned && (assignedInterval->physReg == anotherRegRec->regNum))
        {
            intervalIsAssigned = true;
        }
    }
#endif // _TARGET_ARM_

    checkAndClearInterval(regRec, spillRefPosition);

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
    if (assignedInterval->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE)
    {
        // Both two RegRecords should have been unassigned together.
        assert(regRec->assignedInterval == nullptr);
        assert(anotherRegRec->assignedInterval == nullptr);
    }
#endif // _TARGET_ARM_

    RefPosition* nextRefPosition = nullptr;
    if (spillRefPosition != nullptr)
    {
        nextRefPosition = spillRefPosition->nextRefPosition;
    }

    if (!intervalIsAssigned && assignedInterval->physReg != REG_NA)
    {
        // This must have been a temporary copy reg, but we can't assert that because there
        // may have been intervening RefPositions that were not copyRegs.

        // reg->assignedInterval has already been set to nullptr by checkAndClearInterval()
        assert(regRec->assignedInterval == nullptr);
        return;
    }

    regNumber victimAssignedReg = assignedInterval->physReg;
    assignedInterval->physReg   = REG_NA;

    bool spill = assignedInterval->isActive && nextRefPosition != nullptr;
    if (spill)
    {
        // If this is an active interval, it must have a recentRefPosition,
        // otherwise it would not be active
        assert(spillRefPosition != nullptr);

#if 0
        // TODO-CQ: Enable this and insert an explicit GT_COPY (otherwise there's no way to communicate
        // to codegen that we want the copyReg to be the new home location).
        // If the last reference was a copyReg, and we're spilling the register
        // it was copied from, then make the copyReg the new primary location
        // if possible
        if (spillRefPosition->copyReg)
        {
            regNumber copyFromRegNum = victimAssignedReg;
            regNumber copyRegNum = genRegNumFromMask(spillRefPosition->registerAssignment);
            if (copyFromRegNum == thisRegNum &&
                getRegisterRecord(copyRegNum)->assignedInterval == assignedInterval)
            {
                assert(copyRegNum != thisRegNum);
                assignedInterval->physReg = copyRegNum;
                assignedInterval->assignedReg = this->getRegisterRecord(copyRegNum);
                return;
            }
        }
#endif // 0
#ifdef DEBUG
        // With JitStressRegs == 0x80 (LSRA_EXTEND_LIFETIMES), we may have a RefPosition
        // that is not marked lastUse even though the treeNode is a lastUse.  In that case
        // we must not mark it for spill because the register will have been immediately freed
        // after use.  While we could conceivably add special handling for this case in codegen,
        // it would be messy and undesirably cause the "bleeding" of LSRA stress modes outside
        // of LSRA.
        if (extendLifetimes() && assignedInterval->isLocalVar && RefTypeIsUse(spillRefPosition->refType) &&
            spillRefPosition->treeNode != nullptr && (spillRefPosition->treeNode->gtFlags & GTF_VAR_DEATH) != 0)
        {
            dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_SPILL_EXTENDED_LIFETIME, assignedInterval);
            assignedInterval->isActive = false;
            spill                      = false;
            // If the spillRefPosition occurs before the beginning of this block, it will have
            // been marked as living in this register on entry to this block, but we now need
            // to mark this as living on the stack.
            if (spillRefPosition->nodeLocation <= curBBStartLocation)
            {
                setInVarRegForBB(curBBNum, assignedInterval->varNum, REG_STK);
                if (spillRefPosition->nextRefPosition != nullptr)
                {
                    setIntervalAsSpilled(assignedInterval);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise, we need to mark spillRefPosition as lastUse, or the interval
                // will remain active beyond its allocated range during the resolution phase.
                spillRefPosition->lastUse = true;
            }
        }
        else
#endif // DEBUG
        {
            spillInterval(assignedInterval, spillRefPosition, nextRefPosition);
        }
    }
    // Maintain the association with the interval, if it has more references.
    // Or, if we "remembered" an interval assigned to this register, restore it.
    if (nextRefPosition != nullptr)
    {
        assignedInterval->assignedReg = regRec;
    }
    else if (canRestorePreviousInterval(regRec, assignedInterval))
    {
        regRec->assignedInterval = regRec->previousInterval;
        regRec->previousInterval = nullptr;

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
        // Note:
        //   We can not use updateAssignedInterval() and updatePreviousInterval() here,
        //   because regRec may not be a even-numbered float register.

        // Update second half RegRecord of a double register for TYP_DOUBLE
        if (regRec->assignedInterval->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE)
        {
            RegRecord* anotherHalfRegRec = findAnotherHalfRegRec(regRec);

            anotherHalfRegRec->assignedInterval = regRec->assignedInterval;
            anotherHalfRegRec->previousInterval = nullptr;
        }
#endif // _TARGET_ARM_

#ifdef DEBUG
        if (spill)
        {
            dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_RESTORE_PREVIOUS_INTERVAL_AFTER_SPILL, regRec->assignedInterval,
                                    thisRegNum);
        }
        else
        {
            dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_RESTORE_PREVIOUS_INTERVAL, regRec->assignedInterval, thisRegNum);
        }
#endif // DEBUG
    }
    else
    {
        updateAssignedInterval(regRec, nullptr, assignedInterval->registerType);
        updatePreviousInterval(regRec, nullptr, assignedInterval->registerType);
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// spillGCRefs: Spill any GC-type intervals that are currently in registers.a
//
// Arguments:
//    killRefPosition - The RefPosition for the kill
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
void LinearScan::spillGCRefs(RefPosition* killRefPosition)
{
    // For each physical register that can hold a GC type,
    // if it is occupied by an interval of a GC type, spill that interval.
    regMaskTP candidateRegs = killRefPosition->registerAssignment;
    while (candidateRegs != RBM_NONE)
    {
        regMaskTP nextRegBit = genFindLowestBit(candidateRegs);
        candidateRegs &= ~nextRegBit;
        regNumber  nextReg          = genRegNumFromMask(nextRegBit);
        RegRecord* regRecord        = getRegisterRecord(nextReg);
        Interval*  assignedInterval = regRecord->assignedInterval;
        if (assignedInterval == nullptr || (assignedInterval->isActive == false) ||
            !varTypeIsGC(assignedInterval->registerType))
        {
            continue;
        }
        unassignPhysReg(regRecord, assignedInterval->recentRefPosition);
    }
    INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_DONE_KILL_GC_REFS, nullptr, REG_NA, nullptr));
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// processBlockEndAllocation: Update var locations after 'currentBlock' has been allocated
//
// Arguments:
//    currentBlock - the BasicBlock we have just finished allocating registers for
//
// Return Value:
//    None
//
// Notes:
//    Calls processBlockEndLocations() to set the outVarToRegMap, then gets the next block,
//    and sets the inVarToRegMap appropriately.

void LinearScan::processBlockEndAllocation(BasicBlock* currentBlock)
{
    assert(currentBlock != nullptr);
    if (enregisterLocalVars)
    {
        processBlockEndLocations(currentBlock);
    }
    markBlockVisited(currentBlock);

    // Get the next block to allocate.
    // When the last block in the method has successors, there will be a final "RefTypeBB" to
    // ensure that we get the varToRegMap set appropriately, but in that case we don't need
    // to worry about "nextBlock".
    BasicBlock* nextBlock = getNextBlock();
    if (nextBlock != nullptr)
    {
        processBlockStartLocations(nextBlock, true);
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// rotateBlockStartLocation: When in the LSRA_BLOCK_BOUNDARY_ROTATE stress mode, attempt to
//                           "rotate" the register assignment for a localVar to the next higher
//                           register that is available.
//
// Arguments:
//    interval      - the Interval for the variable whose register is getting rotated
//    targetReg     - its register assignment from the predecessor block being used for live-in
//    availableRegs - registers available for use
//
// Return Value:
//    The new register to use.

#ifdef DEBUG
regNumber LinearScan::rotateBlockStartLocation(Interval* interval, regNumber targetReg, regMaskTP availableRegs)
{
    if (targetReg != REG_STK && getLsraBlockBoundaryLocations() == LSRA_BLOCK_BOUNDARY_ROTATE)
    {
        // If we're rotating the register locations at block boundaries, try to use
        // the next higher register number of the appropriate register type.
        regMaskTP candidateRegs = allRegs(interval->registerType) & availableRegs;
        regNumber firstReg      = REG_NA;
        regNumber newReg        = REG_NA;
        while (candidateRegs != RBM_NONE)
        {
            regMaskTP nextRegBit = genFindLowestBit(candidateRegs);
            candidateRegs &= ~nextRegBit;
            regNumber nextReg = genRegNumFromMask(nextRegBit);
            if (nextReg > targetReg)
            {
                newReg = nextReg;
                break;
            }
            else if (firstReg == REG_NA)
            {
                firstReg = nextReg;
            }
        }
        if (newReg == REG_NA)
        {
            assert(firstReg != REG_NA);
            newReg = firstReg;
        }
        targetReg = newReg;
    }
    return targetReg;
}
#endif // DEBUG

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// isSecondHalfReg: Test if recRec is second half of double register
//                  which is assigned to an interval.
//
// Arguments:
//    regRec - a register to be tested
//    interval - an interval which is assigned to some register
//
// Assumptions:
//    None
//
// Return Value:
//    True only if regRec is second half of assignedReg in interval
//
bool LinearScan::isSecondHalfReg(RegRecord* regRec, Interval* interval)
{
    RegRecord* assignedReg = interval->assignedReg;

    if (assignedReg != nullptr && interval->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE)
    {
        // interval should have been allocated to a valid double register
        assert(genIsValidDoubleReg(assignedReg->regNum));

        // Find a second half RegRecord of double register
        regNumber firstRegNum  = assignedReg->regNum;
        regNumber secondRegNum = REG_NEXT(firstRegNum);

        assert(genIsValidFloatReg(secondRegNum) && !genIsValidDoubleReg(secondRegNum));

        RegRecord* secondRegRec = getRegisterRecord(secondRegNum);

        return secondRegRec == regRec;
    }

    return false;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// getSecondHalfRegRec: Get the second (odd) half of an ARM32 double register
//
// Arguments:
//    regRec - A float RegRecord
//
// Assumptions:
//    regRec must be a valid double register (i.e. even)
//
// Return Value:
//    The RegRecord for the second half of the double register
//
RegRecord* LinearScan::getSecondHalfRegRec(RegRecord* regRec)
{
    regNumber  secondHalfRegNum;
    RegRecord* secondHalfRegRec;

    assert(genIsValidDoubleReg(regRec->regNum));

    secondHalfRegNum = REG_NEXT(regRec->regNum);
    secondHalfRegRec = getRegisterRecord(secondHalfRegNum);

    return secondHalfRegRec;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// findAnotherHalfRegRec: Find another half RegRecord which forms same ARM32 double register
//
// Arguments:
//    regRec - A float RegRecord
//
// Assumptions:
//    None
//
// Return Value:
//    A RegRecord which forms same double register with regRec
//
RegRecord* LinearScan::findAnotherHalfRegRec(RegRecord* regRec)
{
    regNumber  anotherHalfRegNum;
    RegRecord* anotherHalfRegRec;

    assert(genIsValidFloatReg(regRec->regNum));

    // Find another half register for TYP_DOUBLE interval,
    // following same logic in canRestorePreviousInterval().
    if (genIsValidDoubleReg(regRec->regNum))
    {
        anotherHalfRegNum = REG_NEXT(regRec->regNum);
        assert(!genIsValidDoubleReg(anotherHalfRegNum));
    }
    else
    {
        anotherHalfRegNum = REG_PREV(regRec->regNum);
        assert(genIsValidDoubleReg(anotherHalfRegNum));
    }
    anotherHalfRegRec = getRegisterRecord(anotherHalfRegNum);

    return anotherHalfRegRec;
}
#endif

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// canRestorePreviousInterval: Test if we can restore previous interval
//
// Arguments:
//    regRec - a register which contains previous interval to be restored
//    assignedInterval - an interval just unassigned
//
// Assumptions:
//    None
//
// Return Value:
//    True only if previous interval of regRec can be restored
//
bool LinearScan::canRestorePreviousInterval(RegRecord* regRec, Interval* assignedInterval)
{
    bool retVal =
        (regRec->previousInterval != nullptr && regRec->previousInterval != assignedInterval &&
         regRec->previousInterval->assignedReg == regRec && regRec->previousInterval->getNextRefPosition() != nullptr);

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
    if (retVal && regRec->previousInterval->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE)
    {
        RegRecord* anotherHalfRegRec = findAnotherHalfRegRec(regRec);

        retVal = retVal && anotherHalfRegRec->assignedInterval == nullptr;
    }
#endif

    return retVal;
}

bool LinearScan::isAssignedToInterval(Interval* interval, RegRecord* regRec)
{
    bool isAssigned = (interval->assignedReg == regRec);
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
    isAssigned |= isSecondHalfReg(regRec, interval);
#endif
    return isAssigned;
}

void LinearScan::unassignIntervalBlockStart(RegRecord* regRecord, VarToRegMap inVarToRegMap)
{
    // Is there another interval currently assigned to this register?  If so unassign it.
    Interval* assignedInterval = regRecord->assignedInterval;
    if (assignedInterval != nullptr)
    {
        if (isAssignedToInterval(assignedInterval, regRecord))
        {
            // Only localVars or constants should be assigned to registers at block boundaries.
            if (!assignedInterval->isLocalVar)
            {
                assert(assignedInterval->isConstant);
                // Don't need to update the VarToRegMap.
                inVarToRegMap = nullptr;
            }

            regNumber assignedRegNum = assignedInterval->assignedReg->regNum;

            // If the interval is active, it will be set to active when we reach its new
            // register assignment (which we must not yet have done, or it wouldn't still be
            // assigned to this register).
            assignedInterval->isActive = false;
            unassignPhysReg(assignedInterval->assignedReg, nullptr);
            if ((inVarToRegMap != nullptr) && inVarToRegMap[assignedInterval->getVarIndex(compiler)] == assignedRegNum)
            {
                inVarToRegMap[assignedInterval->getVarIndex(compiler)] = REG_STK;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // This interval is no longer assigned to this register.
            updateAssignedInterval(regRecord, nullptr, assignedInterval->registerType);
        }
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// processBlockStartLocations: Update var locations on entry to 'currentBlock' and clear constant
//                             registers.
//
// Arguments:
//    currentBlock   - the BasicBlock we are about to allocate registers for
//    allocationPass - true if we are currently allocating registers (versus writing them back)
//
// Return Value:
//    None
//
// Notes:
//    During the allocation pass, we use the outVarToRegMap of the selected predecessor to
//    determine the lclVar locations for the inVarToRegMap.
//    During the resolution (write-back) pass, we only modify the inVarToRegMap in cases where
//    a lclVar was spilled after the block had been completed.
void LinearScan::processBlockStartLocations(BasicBlock* currentBlock, bool allocationPass)
{
    // If we have no register candidates we should only call this method during allocation.

    assert(enregisterLocalVars || allocationPass);

    if (!enregisterLocalVars)
    {
        // Just clear any constant registers and return.
        for (regNumber reg = REG_FIRST; reg < ACTUAL_REG_COUNT; reg = REG_NEXT(reg))
        {
            RegRecord* physRegRecord    = getRegisterRecord(reg);
            Interval*  assignedInterval = physRegRecord->assignedInterval;

            if (assignedInterval != nullptr)
            {
                assert(assignedInterval->isConstant);
                physRegRecord->assignedInterval = nullptr;
            }
        }
        INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_START_BB, nullptr, REG_NA, currentBlock));
        return;
    }

    unsigned    predBBNum         = blockInfo[currentBlock->bbNum].predBBNum;
    VarToRegMap predVarToRegMap   = getOutVarToRegMap(predBBNum);
    VarToRegMap inVarToRegMap     = getInVarToRegMap(currentBlock->bbNum);
    bool        hasCriticalInEdge = blockInfo[currentBlock->bbNum].hasCriticalInEdge;

    VarSetOps::AssignNoCopy(compiler, currentLiveVars,
                            VarSetOps::Intersection(compiler, registerCandidateVars, currentBlock->bbLiveIn));
#ifdef DEBUG
    if (getLsraExtendLifeTimes())
    {
        VarSetOps::AssignNoCopy(compiler, currentLiveVars, registerCandidateVars);
    }
    // If we are rotating register assignments at block boundaries, we want to make the
    // inactive registers available for the rotation.
    regMaskTP inactiveRegs = RBM_NONE;
#endif // DEBUG
    regMaskTP       liveRegs = RBM_NONE;
    VarSetOps::Iter iter(compiler, currentLiveVars);
    unsigned        varIndex = 0;
    while (iter.NextElem(&varIndex))
    {
        unsigned varNum = compiler->lvaTrackedToVarNum[varIndex];
        if (!compiler->lvaTable[varNum].lvLRACandidate)
        {
            continue;
        }
        regNumber    targetReg;
        Interval*    interval        = getIntervalForLocalVar(varIndex);
        RefPosition* nextRefPosition = interval->getNextRefPosition();
        assert(nextRefPosition != nullptr);

        if (allocationPass)
        {
            targetReg = getVarReg(predVarToRegMap, varIndex);
#ifdef DEBUG
            regNumber newTargetReg = rotateBlockStartLocation(interval, targetReg, (~liveRegs | inactiveRegs));
            if (newTargetReg != targetReg)
            {
                targetReg = newTargetReg;
                setIntervalAsSplit(interval);
            }
#endif // DEBUG
            setVarReg(inVarToRegMap, varIndex, targetReg);
        }
        else // !allocationPass (i.e. resolution/write-back pass)
        {
            targetReg = getVarReg(inVarToRegMap, varIndex);
            // There are four cases that we need to consider during the resolution pass:
            // 1. This variable had a register allocated initially, and it was not spilled in the RefPosition
            //    that feeds this block.  In this case, both targetReg and predVarToRegMap[varIndex] will be targetReg.
            // 2. This variable had not been spilled prior to the end of predBB, but was later spilled, so
            //    predVarToRegMap[varIndex] will be REG_STK, but targetReg is its former allocated value.
            //    In this case, we will normally change it to REG_STK.  We will update its "spilled" status when we
            //    encounter it in resolveLocalRef().
            // 2a. If the next RefPosition is marked as a copyReg, we need to retain the allocated register.  This is
            //     because the copyReg RefPosition will not have recorded the "home" register, yet downstream
            //     RefPositions rely on the correct "home" register.
            // 3. This variable was spilled before we reached the end of predBB.  In this case, both targetReg and
            //    predVarToRegMap[varIndex] will be REG_STK, and the next RefPosition will have been marked
            //    as reload during allocation time if necessary (note that by the time we actually reach the next
            //    RefPosition, we may be using a different predecessor, at which it is still in a register).
            // 4. This variable was spilled during the allocation of this block, so targetReg is REG_STK
            //    (because we set inVarToRegMap at the time we spilled it), but predVarToRegMap[varIndex]
            //    is not REG_STK.  We retain the REG_STK value in the inVarToRegMap.
            if (targetReg != REG_STK)
            {
                if (getVarReg(predVarToRegMap, varIndex) != REG_STK)
                {
                    // Case #1 above.
                    assert(getVarReg(predVarToRegMap, varIndex) == targetReg ||
                           getLsraBlockBoundaryLocations() == LSRA_BLOCK_BOUNDARY_ROTATE);
                }
                else if (!nextRefPosition->copyReg)
                {
                    // case #2 above.
                    setVarReg(inVarToRegMap, varIndex, REG_STK);
                    targetReg = REG_STK;
                }
                // Else case 2a. - retain targetReg.
            }
            // Else case #3 or #4, we retain targetReg and nothing further to do or assert.
        }
        if (interval->physReg == targetReg)
        {
            if (interval->isActive)
            {
                assert(targetReg != REG_STK);
                assert(interval->assignedReg != nullptr && interval->assignedReg->regNum == targetReg &&
                       interval->assignedReg->assignedInterval == interval);
                liveRegs |= genRegMask(targetReg);
                continue;
            }
        }
        else if (interval->physReg != REG_NA)
        {
            // This can happen if we are using the locations from a basic block other than the
            // immediately preceding one - where the variable was in a different location.
            if (targetReg != REG_STK)
            {
                // Unassign it from the register (it will get a new register below).
                if (interval->assignedReg != nullptr && interval->assignedReg->assignedInterval == interval)
                {
                    interval->isActive = false;
                    unassignPhysReg(getRegisterRecord(interval->physReg), nullptr);
                }
                else
                {
                    // This interval was live in this register the last time we saw a reference to it,
                    // but has since been displaced.
                    interval->physReg = REG_NA;
                }
            }
            else if (allocationPass)
            {
                // Keep the register assignment - if another var has it, it will get unassigned.
                // Otherwise, resolution will fix it up later, and it will be more
                // likely to match other assignments this way.
                interval->isActive = true;
                liveRegs |= genRegMask(interval->physReg);
                INDEBUG(inactiveRegs |= genRegMask(interval->physReg));
                setVarReg(inVarToRegMap, varIndex, interval->physReg);
            }
            else
            {
                interval->physReg = REG_NA;
            }
        }
        if (targetReg != REG_STK)
        {
            RegRecord* targetRegRecord = getRegisterRecord(targetReg);
            liveRegs |= genRegMask(targetReg);
            if (!interval->isActive)
            {
                interval->isActive    = true;
                interval->physReg     = targetReg;
                interval->assignedReg = targetRegRecord;
            }
            if (targetRegRecord->assignedInterval != interval)
            {
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
                // If this is a TYP_DOUBLE interval, and the assigned interval is either null or is TYP_FLOAT,
                // we also need to unassign the other half of the register.
                // Note that if the assigned interval is TYP_DOUBLE, it will be unassigned below.
                if ((interval->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE) &&
                    ((targetRegRecord->assignedInterval == nullptr) ||
                     (targetRegRecord->assignedInterval->registerType == TYP_FLOAT)))
                {
                    assert(genIsValidDoubleReg(targetReg));
                    unassignIntervalBlockStart(findAnotherHalfRegRec(targetRegRecord),
                                               allocationPass ? inVarToRegMap : nullptr);
                }
#endif // _TARGET_ARM_
                unassignIntervalBlockStart(targetRegRecord, allocationPass ? inVarToRegMap : nullptr);
                assignPhysReg(targetRegRecord, interval);
            }
            if (interval->recentRefPosition != nullptr && !interval->recentRefPosition->copyReg &&
                interval->recentRefPosition->registerAssignment != genRegMask(targetReg))
            {
                interval->getNextRefPosition()->outOfOrder = true;
            }
        }
    }

    // Unassign any registers that are no longer live.
    for (regNumber reg = REG_FIRST; reg < ACTUAL_REG_COUNT; reg = REG_NEXT(reg))
    {
        if ((liveRegs & genRegMask(reg)) == 0)
        {
            RegRecord* physRegRecord    = getRegisterRecord(reg);
            Interval*  assignedInterval = physRegRecord->assignedInterval;

            if (assignedInterval != nullptr)
            {
                assert(assignedInterval->isLocalVar || assignedInterval->isConstant);

                if (!assignedInterval->isConstant && assignedInterval->assignedReg == physRegRecord)
                {
                    assignedInterval->isActive = false;
                    if (assignedInterval->getNextRefPosition() == nullptr)
                    {
                        unassignPhysReg(physRegRecord, nullptr);
                    }
                    inVarToRegMap[assignedInterval->getVarIndex(compiler)] = REG_STK;
                }
                else
                {
                    // This interval may still be active, but was in another register in an
                    // intervening block.
                    updateAssignedInterval(physRegRecord, nullptr, assignedInterval->registerType);
                }

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
                if (assignedInterval->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE)
                {
                    // Skip next float register, because we already addressed a double register
                    assert(genIsValidDoubleReg(reg));
                    reg = REG_NEXT(reg);
                }
#endif // _TARGET_ARM_
            }
        }
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
        else
        {
            RegRecord* physRegRecord    = getRegisterRecord(reg);
            Interval*  assignedInterval = physRegRecord->assignedInterval;

            if (assignedInterval != nullptr && assignedInterval->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE)
            {
                // Skip next float register, because we already addressed a double register
                assert(genIsValidDoubleReg(reg));
                reg = REG_NEXT(reg);
            }
        }
#endif // _TARGET_ARM_
    }
    INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_START_BB, nullptr, REG_NA, currentBlock));
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// processBlockEndLocations: Record the variables occupying registers after completing the current block.
//
// Arguments:
//    currentBlock - the block we have just completed.
//
// Return Value:
//    None
//
// Notes:
//    This must be called both during the allocation and resolution (write-back) phases.
//    This is because we need to have the outVarToRegMap locations in order to set the locations
//    at successor blocks during allocation time, but if lclVars are spilled after a block has been
//    completed, we need to record the REG_STK location for those variables at resolution time.

void LinearScan::processBlockEndLocations(BasicBlock* currentBlock)
{
    assert(currentBlock != nullptr && currentBlock->bbNum == curBBNum);
    VarToRegMap outVarToRegMap = getOutVarToRegMap(curBBNum);

    VarSetOps::AssignNoCopy(compiler, currentLiveVars,
                            VarSetOps::Intersection(compiler, registerCandidateVars, currentBlock->bbLiveOut));
#ifdef DEBUG
    if (getLsraExtendLifeTimes())
    {
        VarSetOps::Assign(compiler, currentLiveVars, registerCandidateVars);
    }
#endif // DEBUG
    regMaskTP       liveRegs = RBM_NONE;
    VarSetOps::Iter iter(compiler, currentLiveVars);
    unsigned        varIndex = 0;
    while (iter.NextElem(&varIndex))
    {
        Interval* interval = getIntervalForLocalVar(varIndex);
        if (interval->isActive)
        {
            assert(interval->physReg != REG_NA && interval->physReg != REG_STK);
            setVarReg(outVarToRegMap, varIndex, interval->physReg);
        }
        else
        {
            outVarToRegMap[varIndex] = REG_STK;
        }
    }
    INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_END_BB));
}

#ifdef DEBUG
void LinearScan::dumpRefPositions(const char* str)
{
    printf("------------\n");
    printf("REFPOSITIONS %s: \n", str);
    printf("------------\n");
    for (RefPosition& refPos : refPositions)
    {
        refPos.dump();
    }
}
#endif // DEBUG

bool LinearScan::registerIsFree(regNumber regNum, RegisterType regType)
{
    RegRecord* physRegRecord = getRegisterRecord(regNum);

    bool isFree = physRegRecord->isFree();

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
    if (isFree && regType == TYP_DOUBLE)
    {
        isFree = getSecondHalfRegRec(physRegRecord)->isFree();
    }
#endif // _TARGET_ARM_

    return isFree;
}

// isMultiRegRelated: is this RefPosition defining part of a multi-reg value
//                    at the given location?
//
bool LinearScan::isMultiRegRelated(RefPosition* refPosition, LsraLocation location)
{
#ifdef FEATURE_MULTIREG_ARGS_OR_RET
    return ((refPosition->nodeLocation == location) && refPosition->getInterval()->isMultiReg);
#else
    return false;
#endif
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// LinearScan::freeRegister: Make a register available for use
//
// Arguments:
//    physRegRecord - the RegRecord for the register to be freed.
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Assumptions:
//    None.
//    It may be that the RegRecord has already been freed, e.g. due to a kill,
//    in which case this method has no effect.
//
// Notes:
//    If there is currently an Interval assigned to this register, and it has
//    more references (i.e. this is a local last-use, but more uses and/or
//    defs remain), it will remain assigned to the physRegRecord.  However, since
//    it is marked inactive, the register will be available, albeit less desirable
//    to allocate.
void LinearScan::freeRegister(RegRecord* physRegRecord)
{
    Interval* assignedInterval = physRegRecord->assignedInterval;
    // It may have already been freed by a "Kill"
    if (assignedInterval != nullptr)
    {
        assignedInterval->isActive = false;
        // If this is a constant node, that we may encounter again (e.g. constant),
        // don't unassign it until we need the register.
        if (!assignedInterval->isConstant)
        {
            RefPosition* nextRefPosition = assignedInterval->getNextRefPosition();
            // Unassign the register only if there are no more RefPositions, or the next
            // one is a def.  Note that the latter condition doesn't actually ensure that
            // there aren't subsequent uses that could be reached by a def in the assigned
            // register, but is merely a heuristic to avoid tying up the register (or using
            // it when it's non-optimal).  A better alternative would be to use SSA, so that
            // we wouldn't unnecessarily link separate live ranges to the same register.
            if (nextRefPosition == nullptr || RefTypeIsDef(nextRefPosition->refType))
            {
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
                assert((assignedInterval->registerType != TYP_DOUBLE) || genIsValidDoubleReg(physRegRecord->regNum));
#endif // _TARGET_ARM_
                unassignPhysReg(physRegRecord, nullptr);
            }
        }
    }
}

void LinearScan::freeRegisters(regMaskTP regsToFree)
{
    if (regsToFree == RBM_NONE)
    {
        return;
    }

    INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_FREE_REGS));
    while (regsToFree != RBM_NONE)
    {
        regMaskTP nextRegBit = genFindLowestBit(regsToFree);
        regsToFree &= ~nextRegBit;
        regNumber nextReg = genRegNumFromMask(nextRegBit);
        freeRegister(getRegisterRecord(nextReg));
    }
}

// Actual register allocation, accomplished by iterating over all of the previously
// constructed Intervals
// Loosely based on raAssignVars()
//
void LinearScan::allocateRegisters()
{
    JITDUMP("*************** In LinearScan::allocateRegisters()\n");
    DBEXEC(VERBOSE, lsraDumpIntervals("before allocateRegisters"));

    // at start, nothing is active except for register args
    for (Interval& interval : intervals)
    {
        Interval* currentInterval          = &interval;
        currentInterval->recentRefPosition = nullptr;
        currentInterval->isActive          = false;
        if (currentInterval->isLocalVar)
        {
            LclVarDsc* varDsc = currentInterval->getLocalVar(compiler);
            if (varDsc->lvIsRegArg && currentInterval->firstRefPosition != nullptr)
            {
                currentInterval->isActive = true;
            }
        }
    }

    for (regNumber reg = REG_FIRST; reg < ACTUAL_REG_COUNT; reg = REG_NEXT(reg))
    {
        getRegisterRecord(reg)->recentRefPosition = nullptr;
        getRegisterRecord(reg)->isActive          = false;
    }

#ifdef DEBUG
    regNumber lastAllocatedReg = REG_NA;
    if (VERBOSE)
    {
        dumpRefPositions("BEFORE ALLOCATION");
        dumpVarRefPositions("BEFORE ALLOCATION");

        printf("\n\nAllocating Registers\n"
               "--------------------\n");
        // Start with a small set of commonly used registers, so that we don't keep having to print a new title.
        registersToDump = LsraLimitSmallIntSet | LsraLimitSmallFPSet;
        dumpRegRecordHeader();
        // Now print an empty "RefPosition", since we complete the dump of the regs at the beginning of the loop.
        printf(indentFormat, "");
    }
#endif // DEBUG

    BasicBlock* currentBlock = nullptr;

    LsraLocation prevLocation    = MinLocation;
    regMaskTP    regsToFree      = RBM_NONE;
    regMaskTP    delayRegsToFree = RBM_NONE;

    // This is the most recent RefPosition for which a register was allocated
    // - currently only used for DEBUG but maintained in non-debug, for clarity of code
    //   (and will be optimized away because in non-debug spillAlways() unconditionally returns false)
    RefPosition* lastAllocatedRefPosition = nullptr;

    bool handledBlockEnd = false;

    for (RefPosition& refPositionIterator : refPositions)
    {
        RefPosition* currentRefPosition = &refPositionIterator;

#ifdef DEBUG
        // Set the activeRefPosition to null until we're done with any boundary handling.
        activeRefPosition = nullptr;
        if (VERBOSE)
        {
            // We're really dumping the RegRecords "after" the previous RefPosition, but it's more convenient
            // to do this here, since there are a number of "continue"s in this loop.
            dumpRegRecords();
        }
#endif // DEBUG

        // This is the previousRefPosition of the current Referent, if any
        RefPosition* previousRefPosition = nullptr;

        Interval*      currentInterval = nullptr;
        Referenceable* currentReferent = nullptr;
        bool           isInternalRef   = false;
        RefType        refType         = currentRefPosition->refType;

        currentReferent = currentRefPosition->referent;

        if (spillAlways() && lastAllocatedRefPosition != nullptr && !lastAllocatedRefPosition->isPhysRegRef &&
            !lastAllocatedRefPosition->getInterval()->isInternal &&
            (RefTypeIsDef(lastAllocatedRefPosition->refType) || lastAllocatedRefPosition->getInterval()->isLocalVar))
        {
            assert(lastAllocatedRefPosition->registerAssignment != RBM_NONE);
            RegRecord* regRecord = lastAllocatedRefPosition->getInterval()->assignedReg;
            unassignPhysReg(regRecord, lastAllocatedRefPosition);
            // Now set lastAllocatedRefPosition to null, so that we don't try to spill it again
            lastAllocatedRefPosition = nullptr;
        }

        // We wait to free any registers until we've completed all the
        // uses for the current node.
        // This avoids reusing registers too soon.
        // We free before the last true def (after all the uses & internal
        // registers), and then again at the beginning of the next node.
        // This is made easier by assigning two LsraLocations per node - one
        // for all the uses, internal registers & all but the last def, and
        // another for the final def (if any).

        LsraLocation currentLocation = currentRefPosition->nodeLocation;

        if ((regsToFree | delayRegsToFree) != RBM_NONE)
        {
            // Free at a new location, or at a basic block boundary
            if (refType == RefTypeBB)
            {
                assert(currentLocation > prevLocation);
            }
            if (currentLocation > prevLocation)
            {
                freeRegisters(regsToFree);
                if ((currentLocation > (prevLocation + 1)) && (delayRegsToFree != RBM_NONE))
                {
                    // We should never see a delayReg that is delayed until a Location that has no RefPosition
                    // (that would be the RefPosition that it was supposed to interfere with).
                    assert(!"Found a delayRegFree associated with Location with no reference");
                    // However, to be cautious for the Release build case, we will free them.
                    freeRegisters(delayRegsToFree);
                    delayRegsToFree = RBM_NONE;
                }
                regsToFree      = delayRegsToFree;
                delayRegsToFree = RBM_NONE;
            }
        }
        prevLocation = currentLocation;

        // get previous refposition, then current refpos is the new previous
        if (currentReferent != nullptr)
        {
            previousRefPosition                = currentReferent->recentRefPosition;
            currentReferent->recentRefPosition = currentRefPosition;
        }
        else
        {
            assert((refType == RefTypeBB) || (refType == RefTypeKillGCRefs));
        }

#ifdef DEBUG
        activeRefPosition = currentRefPosition;
#endif // DEBUG

        // For the purposes of register resolution, we handle the DummyDefs before
        // the block boundary - so the RefTypeBB is after all the DummyDefs.
        // However, for the purposes of allocation, we want to handle the block
        // boundary first, so that we can free any registers occupied by lclVars
        // that aren't live in the next block and make them available for the
        // DummyDefs.

        if (!handledBlockEnd && (refType == RefTypeBB || refType == RefTypeDummyDef))
        {
            // Free any delayed regs (now in regsToFree) before processing the block boundary
            freeRegisters(regsToFree);
            regsToFree         = RBM_NONE;
            handledBlockEnd    = true;
            curBBStartLocation = currentRefPosition->nodeLocation;
            if (currentBlock == nullptr)
            {
                currentBlock = startBlockSequence();
                INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_START_BB, nullptr, REG_NA, compiler->fgFirstBB));
            }
            else
            {
                processBlockEndAllocation(currentBlock);
                currentBlock = moveToNextBlock();
            }
        }

        if (refType == RefTypeBB)
        {
            handledBlockEnd = false;
            continue;
        }

        if (refType == RefTypeKillGCRefs)
        {
            spillGCRefs(currentRefPosition);
            continue;
        }

        // If this is a FixedReg, disassociate any inactive constant interval from this register.
        // Otherwise, do nothing.
        if (refType == RefTypeFixedReg)
        {
            RegRecord* regRecord        = currentRefPosition->getReg();
            Interval*  assignedInterval = regRecord->assignedInterval;

            if (assignedInterval != nullptr && !assignedInterval->isActive && assignedInterval->isConstant)
            {
                regRecord->assignedInterval = nullptr;

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
                // Update overlapping floating point register for TYP_DOUBLE
                if (assignedInterval->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE)
                {
                    regRecord        = getSecondHalfRegRec(regRecord);
                    assignedInterval = regRecord->assignedInterval;

                    assert(assignedInterval != nullptr && !assignedInterval->isActive && assignedInterval->isConstant);
                    regRecord->assignedInterval = nullptr;
                }
#endif
            }
            INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_FIXED_REG, nullptr, currentRefPosition->assignedReg()));
            continue;
        }

        // If this is an exposed use, do nothing - this is merely a placeholder to attempt to
        // ensure that a register is allocated for the full lifetime.  The resolution logic
        // will take care of moving to the appropriate register if needed.

        if (refType == RefTypeExpUse)
        {
            INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_EXP_USE));
            continue;
        }

        regNumber assignedRegister = REG_NA;

        if (currentRefPosition->isIntervalRef())
        {
            currentInterval  = currentRefPosition->getInterval();
            assignedRegister = currentInterval->physReg;

            // Identify the special cases where we decide up-front not to allocate
            bool allocate = true;
            bool didDump  = false;

            if (refType == RefTypeParamDef || refType == RefTypeZeroInit)
            {
                // For a ParamDef with a weighted refCount less than unity, don't enregister it at entry.
                // TODO-CQ: Consider doing this only for stack parameters, since otherwise we may be needlessly
                // inserting a store.
                LclVarDsc* varDsc = currentInterval->getLocalVar(compiler);
                assert(varDsc != nullptr);
                if (refType == RefTypeParamDef && varDsc->lvRefCntWtd <= BB_UNITY_WEIGHT)
                {
                    INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_NO_ENTRY_REG_ALLOCATED, currentInterval));
                    didDump  = true;
                    allocate = false;
                    setIntervalAsSpilled(currentInterval);
                }
                // If it has no actual references, mark it as "lastUse"; since they're not actually part
                // of any flow they won't have been marked during dataflow.  Otherwise, if we allocate a
                // register we won't unassign it.
                else if (currentRefPosition->nextRefPosition == nullptr)
                {
                    INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_ZERO_REF, currentInterval));
                    currentRefPosition->lastUse = true;
                }
            }
#ifdef FEATURE_SIMD
            else if (refType == RefTypeUpperVectorSaveDef || refType == RefTypeUpperVectorSaveUse)
            {
                Interval* lclVarInterval = currentInterval->relatedInterval;
                if (lclVarInterval->physReg == REG_NA)
                {
                    allocate = false;
                }
            }
#endif // FEATURE_SIMD

            if (allocate == false)
            {
                if (assignedRegister != REG_NA)
                {
                    unassignPhysReg(getRegisterRecord(assignedRegister), currentRefPosition);
                }
                else if (!didDump)
                {
                    INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_NO_REG_ALLOCATED, currentInterval));
                    didDump = true;
                }
                currentRefPosition->registerAssignment = RBM_NONE;
                continue;
            }

            if (currentInterval->isSpecialPutArg)
            {
                assert(!currentInterval->isLocalVar);
                Interval* srcInterval = currentInterval->relatedInterval;
                assert(srcInterval->isLocalVar);
                if (refType == RefTypeDef)
                {
                    assert(srcInterval->recentRefPosition->nodeLocation == currentLocation - 1);
                    RegRecord* physRegRecord = srcInterval->assignedReg;

                    // For a putarg_reg to be special, its next use location has to be the same
                    // as fixed reg's next kill location. Otherwise, if source lcl var's next use
                    // is after the kill of fixed reg but before putarg_reg's next use, fixed reg's
                    // kill would lead to spill of source but not the putarg_reg if it were treated
                    // as special.
                    if (srcInterval->isActive &&
                        genRegMask(srcInterval->physReg) == currentRefPosition->registerAssignment &&
                        currentInterval->getNextRefLocation() == physRegRecord->getNextRefLocation())
                    {
                        assert(physRegRecord->regNum == srcInterval->physReg);

                        // Special putarg_reg acts as a pass-thru since both source lcl var
                        // and putarg_reg have the same register allocated.  Physical reg
                        // record of reg continue to point to source lcl var's interval
                        // instead of to putarg_reg's interval.  So if a spill of reg
                        // allocated to source lcl var happens, to reallocate to another
                        // tree node, before its use at call node it will lead to spill of
                        // lcl var instead of putarg_reg since physical reg record is pointing
                        // to lcl var's interval. As a result, arg reg would get trashed leading
                        // to bad codegen. The assumption here is that source lcl var of a
                        // special putarg_reg doesn't get spilled and re-allocated prior to
                        // its use at the call node.  This is ensured by marking physical reg
                        // record as busy until next kill.
                        physRegRecord->isBusyUntilNextKill = true;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        currentInterval->isSpecialPutArg = false;
                    }
                }
                // If this is still a SpecialPutArg, continue;
                if (currentInterval->isSpecialPutArg)
                {
                    INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_SPECIAL_PUTARG, currentInterval,
                                                    currentRefPosition->assignedReg()));
                    continue;
                }
            }

            if (assignedRegister == REG_NA && RefTypeIsUse(refType))
            {
                currentRefPosition->reload = true;
                INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_RELOAD, currentInterval, assignedRegister));
            }
        }

        regMaskTP assignedRegBit = RBM_NONE;
        bool      isInRegister   = false;
        if (assignedRegister != REG_NA)
        {
            isInRegister   = true;
            assignedRegBit = genRegMask(assignedRegister);
            if (!currentInterval->isActive)
            {
                // If this is a use, it must have started the block on the stack, but the register
                // was available for use so we kept the association.
                if (RefTypeIsUse(refType))
                {
                    assert(enregisterLocalVars);
                    assert(inVarToRegMaps[curBBNum][currentInterval->getVarIndex(compiler)] == REG_STK &&
                           previousRefPosition->nodeLocation <= curBBStartLocation);
                    isInRegister = false;
                }
                else
                {
                    currentInterval->isActive = true;
                }
            }
            assert(currentInterval->assignedReg != nullptr &&
                   currentInterval->assignedReg->regNum == assignedRegister &&
                   currentInterval->assignedReg->assignedInterval == currentInterval);
        }

        // If this is a physical register, we unconditionally assign it to itself!
        if (currentRefPosition->isPhysRegRef)
        {
            RegRecord* currentReg       = currentRefPosition->getReg();
            Interval*  assignedInterval = currentReg->assignedInterval;

            if (assignedInterval != nullptr)
            {
                unassignPhysReg(currentReg, assignedInterval->recentRefPosition);
            }
            currentReg->isActive = true;
            assignedRegister     = currentReg->regNum;
            assignedRegBit       = genRegMask(assignedRegister);
            if (refType == RefTypeKill)
            {
                currentReg->isBusyUntilNextKill = false;
            }
        }
        else if (previousRefPosition != nullptr)
        {
            assert(previousRefPosition->nextRefPosition == currentRefPosition);
            assert(assignedRegister == REG_NA || assignedRegBit == previousRefPosition->registerAssignment ||
                   currentRefPosition->outOfOrder || previousRefPosition->copyReg ||
                   previousRefPosition->refType == RefTypeExpUse || currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeDummyDef);
        }
        else if (assignedRegister != REG_NA)
        {
            // Handle the case where this is a preassigned register (i.e. parameter).
            // We don't want to actually use the preassigned register if it's not
            // going to cover the lifetime - but we had to preallocate it to ensure
            // that it remained live.
            // TODO-CQ: At some point we may want to refine the analysis here, in case
            // it might be beneficial to keep it in this reg for PART of the lifetime
            if (currentInterval->isLocalVar)
            {
                regMaskTP preferences        = currentInterval->registerPreferences;
                bool      keepAssignment     = true;
                bool      matchesPreferences = (preferences & genRegMask(assignedRegister)) != RBM_NONE;

                // Will the assigned register cover the lifetime?  If not, does it at least
                // meet the preferences for the next RefPosition?
                RegRecord*   physRegRecord     = getRegisterRecord(currentInterval->physReg);
                RefPosition* nextPhysRegRefPos = physRegRecord->getNextRefPosition();
                if (nextPhysRegRefPos != nullptr &&
                    nextPhysRegRefPos->nodeLocation <= currentInterval->lastRefPosition->nodeLocation)
                {
                    // Check to see if the existing assignment matches the preferences (e.g. callee save registers)
                    // and ensure that the next use of this localVar does not occur after the nextPhysRegRefPos
                    // There must be a next RefPosition, because we know that the Interval extends beyond the
                    // nextPhysRegRefPos.
                    RefPosition* nextLclVarRefPos = currentRefPosition->nextRefPosition;
                    assert(nextLclVarRefPos != nullptr);
                    if (!matchesPreferences || nextPhysRegRefPos->nodeLocation < nextLclVarRefPos->nodeLocation ||
                        physRegRecord->conflictingFixedRegReference(nextLclVarRefPos))
                    {
                        keepAssignment = false;
                    }
                }
                else if (refType == RefTypeParamDef && !matchesPreferences)
                {
                    // Don't use the register, even if available, if it doesn't match the preferences.
                    // Note that this case is only for ParamDefs, for which we haven't yet taken preferences
                    // into account (we've just automatically got the initial location).  In other cases,
                    // we would already have put it in a preferenced register, if it was available.
                    // TODO-CQ: Consider expanding this to check availability - that would duplicate
                    // code here, but otherwise we may wind up in this register anyway.
                    keepAssignment = false;
                }

                if (keepAssignment == false)
                {
                    currentRefPosition->registerAssignment = allRegs(currentInterval->registerType);
                    unassignPhysRegNoSpill(physRegRecord);

                    // If the preferences are currently set to just this register, reset them to allRegs
                    // of the appropriate type (just as we just reset the registerAssignment for this
                    // RefPosition.
                    // Otherwise, simply remove this register from the preferences, if it's there.

                    if (currentInterval->registerPreferences == assignedRegBit)
                    {
                        currentInterval->registerPreferences = currentRefPosition->registerAssignment;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        currentInterval->registerPreferences &= ~assignedRegBit;
                    }

                    assignedRegister = REG_NA;
                    assignedRegBit   = RBM_NONE;
                }
            }
        }

        if (assignedRegister != REG_NA)
        {
            // If there is a conflicting fixed reference, insert a copy.
            RegRecord* physRegRecord = getRegisterRecord(assignedRegister);
            if (physRegRecord->conflictingFixedRegReference(currentRefPosition))
            {
                // We may have already reassigned the register to the conflicting reference.
                // If not, we need to unassign this interval.
                if (physRegRecord->assignedInterval == currentInterval)
                {
                    unassignPhysRegNoSpill(physRegRecord);
                }
                currentRefPosition->moveReg = true;
                assignedRegister            = REG_NA;
                setIntervalAsSplit(currentInterval);
                INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_MOVE_REG, currentInterval, assignedRegister));
            }
            else if ((genRegMask(assignedRegister) & currentRefPosition->registerAssignment) != 0)
            {
                currentRefPosition->registerAssignment = assignedRegBit;
                if (!currentReferent->isActive)
                {
                    // If we've got an exposed use at the top of a block, the
                    // interval might not have been active.  Otherwise if it's a use,
                    // the interval must be active.
                    if (refType == RefTypeDummyDef)
                    {
                        currentReferent->isActive = true;
                        assert(getRegisterRecord(assignedRegister)->assignedInterval == currentInterval);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        currentRefPosition->reload = true;
                    }
                }
                INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_KEPT_ALLOCATION, currentInterval, assignedRegister));
            }
            else
            {
                assert(currentInterval != nullptr);

                // It's already in a register, but not one we need.
                if (!RefTypeIsDef(currentRefPosition->refType))
                {
                    regNumber copyReg = assignCopyReg(currentRefPosition);
                    assert(copyReg != REG_NA);
                    INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_COPY_REG, currentInterval, copyReg));
                    lastAllocatedRefPosition = currentRefPosition;
                    if (currentRefPosition->lastUse)
                    {
                        if (currentRefPosition->delayRegFree)
                        {
                            INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_LAST_USE_DELAYED, currentInterval,
                                                            assignedRegister));
                            delayRegsToFree |= (genRegMask(assignedRegister) | currentRefPosition->registerAssignment);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_LAST_USE, currentInterval, assignedRegister));
                            regsToFree |= (genRegMask(assignedRegister) | currentRefPosition->registerAssignment);
                        }
                    }
                    // If this is a tree temp (non-localVar) interval, we will need an explicit move.
                    if (!currentInterval->isLocalVar)
                    {
                        currentRefPosition->moveReg = true;
                        currentRefPosition->copyReg = false;
                    }
                    continue;
                }
                else
                {
                    INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_NEEDS_NEW_REG, nullptr, assignedRegister));
                    regsToFree |= genRegMask(assignedRegister);
                    // We want a new register, but we don't want this to be considered a spill.
                    assignedRegister = REG_NA;
                    if (physRegRecord->assignedInterval == currentInterval)
                    {
                        unassignPhysRegNoSpill(physRegRecord);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (assignedRegister == REG_NA)
        {
            bool allocateReg = true;

            if (currentRefPosition->AllocateIfProfitable())
            {
                // We can avoid allocating a register if it is a the last use requiring a reload.
                if (currentRefPosition->lastUse && currentRefPosition->reload)
                {
                    allocateReg = false;
                }

#ifdef DEBUG
                // Under stress mode, don't attempt to allocate a reg to
                // reg optional ref position.
                if (allocateReg && regOptionalNoAlloc())
                {
                    allocateReg = false;
                }
#endif
            }

            if (allocateReg)
            {
                // Try to allocate a register
                assignedRegister = tryAllocateFreeReg(currentInterval, currentRefPosition);
            }

            // If no register was found, and if the currentRefPosition must have a register,
            // then find a register to spill
            if (assignedRegister == REG_NA)
            {
#if FEATURE_PARTIAL_SIMD_CALLEE_SAVE
                if (refType == RefTypeUpperVectorSaveDef)
                {
                    // TODO-CQ: Determine whether copying to two integer callee-save registers would be profitable.
                    // TODO-ARM64-CQ: Determine whether copying to one integer callee-save registers would be
                    // profitable.

                    // SaveDef position occurs after the Use of args and at the same location as Kill/Def
                    // positions of a call node.  But SaveDef position cannot use any of the arg regs as
                    // they are needed for call node.
                    currentRefPosition->registerAssignment =
                        (allRegs(TYP_FLOAT) & RBM_FLT_CALLEE_TRASH & ~RBM_FLTARG_REGS);
                    assignedRegister = tryAllocateFreeReg(currentInterval, currentRefPosition);

                    // There MUST be caller-save registers available, because they have all just been killed.
                    // Amd64 Windows: xmm4-xmm5 are guaranteed to be available as xmm0-xmm3 are used for passing args.
                    // Amd64 Unix: xmm8-xmm15 are guaranteed to be avilable as xmm0-xmm7 are used for passing args.
                    // X86 RyuJIT Windows: xmm4-xmm7 are guanrateed to be available.
                    assert(assignedRegister != REG_NA);

                    // Now, spill it.
                    // Note:
                    //   i) The reason we have to spill is that SaveDef position is allocated after the Kill positions
                    //      of the call node are processed.  Since callee-trash registers are killed by call node
                    //      we explicity spill and unassign the register.
                    //  ii) These will look a bit backward in the dump, but it's a pain to dump the alloc before the
                    //  spill).
                    unassignPhysReg(getRegisterRecord(assignedRegister), currentRefPosition);
                    INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_ALLOC_REG, currentInterval, assignedRegister));

                    // Now set assignedRegister to REG_NA again so that we don't re-activate it.
                    assignedRegister = REG_NA;
                }
                else
#endif // FEATURE_PARTIAL_SIMD_CALLEE_SAVE
                    if (currentRefPosition->RequiresRegister() || currentRefPosition->AllocateIfProfitable())
                {
                    if (allocateReg)
                    {
                        assignedRegister = allocateBusyReg(currentInterval, currentRefPosition,
                                                           currentRefPosition->AllocateIfProfitable());
                    }

                    if (assignedRegister != REG_NA)
                    {
                        INDEBUG(
                            dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_ALLOC_SPILLED_REG, currentInterval, assignedRegister));
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // This can happen only for those ref positions that are to be allocated
                        // only if profitable.
                        noway_assert(currentRefPosition->AllocateIfProfitable());

                        currentRefPosition->registerAssignment = RBM_NONE;
                        currentRefPosition->reload             = false;
                        setIntervalAsSpilled(currentInterval);

                        INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_NO_REG_ALLOCATED, currentInterval));
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_NO_REG_ALLOCATED, currentInterval));
                    currentRefPosition->registerAssignment = RBM_NONE;
                    currentInterval->isActive              = false;
                    setIntervalAsSpilled(currentInterval);
                }
            }
#ifdef DEBUG
            else
            {
                if (VERBOSE)
                {
                    if (currentInterval->isConstant && (currentRefPosition->treeNode != nullptr) &&
                        currentRefPosition->treeNode->IsReuseRegVal())
                    {
                        dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_REUSE_REG, currentInterval, assignedRegister, currentBlock);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_ALLOC_REG, currentInterval, assignedRegister, currentBlock);
                    }
                }
            }
#endif // DEBUG

            if (refType == RefTypeDummyDef && assignedRegister != REG_NA)
            {
                setInVarRegForBB(curBBNum, currentInterval->varNum, assignedRegister);
            }

            // If we allocated a register, and this is a use of a spilled value,
            // it should have been marked for reload above.
            if (assignedRegister != REG_NA && RefTypeIsUse(refType) && !isInRegister)
            {
                assert(currentRefPosition->reload);
            }
        }

        // If we allocated a register, record it
        if (currentInterval != nullptr && assignedRegister != REG_NA)
        {
            assignedRegBit                         = genRegMask(assignedRegister);
            currentRefPosition->registerAssignment = assignedRegBit;
            currentInterval->physReg               = assignedRegister;
            regsToFree &= ~assignedRegBit; // we'll set it again later if it's dead

            // If this interval is dead, free the register.
            // The interval could be dead if this is a user variable, or if the
            // node is being evaluated for side effects, or a call whose result
            // is not used, etc.
            if (currentRefPosition->lastUse || currentRefPosition->nextRefPosition == nullptr)
            {
                assert(currentRefPosition->isIntervalRef());

                if (refType != RefTypeExpUse && currentRefPosition->nextRefPosition == nullptr)
                {
                    if (currentRefPosition->delayRegFree)
                    {
                        delayRegsToFree |= assignedRegBit;

                        INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_LAST_USE_DELAYED));
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        regsToFree |= assignedRegBit;

                        INDEBUG(dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_LAST_USE));
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    currentInterval->isActive = false;
                }
            }

            lastAllocatedRefPosition = currentRefPosition;
        }
    }

    // Free registers to clear associated intervals for resolution phase
    CLANG_FORMAT_COMMENT_ANCHOR;

#ifdef DEBUG
    if (getLsraExtendLifeTimes())
    {
        // If we have extended lifetimes, we need to make sure all the registers are freed.
        for (int regNumIndex = 0; regNumIndex <= REG_FP_LAST; regNumIndex++)
        {
            RegRecord& regRecord = physRegs[regNumIndex];
            Interval*  interval  = regRecord.assignedInterval;
            if (interval != nullptr)
            {
                interval->isActive = false;
                unassignPhysReg(&regRecord, nullptr);
            }
        }
    }
    else
#endif // DEBUG
    {
        freeRegisters(regsToFree | delayRegsToFree);
    }

#ifdef DEBUG
    if (VERBOSE)
    {
        // Dump the RegRecords after the last RefPosition is handled.
        dumpRegRecords();
        printf("\n");

        dumpRefPositions("AFTER ALLOCATION");
        dumpVarRefPositions("AFTER ALLOCATION");

        // Dump the intervals that remain active
        printf("Active intervals at end of allocation:\n");

        // We COULD just reuse the intervalIter from above, but ArrayListIterator doesn't
        // provide a Reset function (!) - we'll probably replace this so don't bother
        // adding it

        for (Interval& interval : intervals)
        {
            if (interval.isActive)
            {
                printf("Active ");
                interval.dump();
            }
        }

        printf("\n");
    }
#endif // DEBUG
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// updateAssignedInterval: Update assigned interval of register.
//
// Arguments:
//    reg      -    register to be updated
//    interval -    interval to be assigned
//    regType  -    regsiter type
//
// Return Value:
//    None
//
// Assumptions:
//    For ARM32, when "regType" is TYP_DOUBLE, "reg" should be a even-numbered
//    float register, i.e. lower half of double register.
//
// Note:
//    For ARM32, two float registers consisting a double register are updated
//    together when "regType" is TYP_DOUBLE.
//
void LinearScan::updateAssignedInterval(RegRecord* reg, Interval* interval, RegisterType regType)
{
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
    // Update overlapping floating point register for TYP_DOUBLE.
    Interval* oldAssignedInterval = reg->assignedInterval;
    if (regType == TYP_DOUBLE)
    {
        RegRecord* anotherHalfReg = findAnotherHalfRegRec(reg);

        anotherHalfReg->assignedInterval = interval;
    }
    else if ((oldAssignedInterval != nullptr) && (oldAssignedInterval->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE))
    {
        RegRecord* anotherHalfReg = findAnotherHalfRegRec(reg);

        anotherHalfReg->assignedInterval = nullptr;
    }
#endif
    reg->assignedInterval = interval;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// updatePreviousInterval: Update previous interval of register.
//
// Arguments:
//    reg      -    register to be updated
//    interval -    interval to be assigned
//    regType  -    regsiter type
//
// Return Value:
//    None
//
// Assumptions:
//    For ARM32, when "regType" is TYP_DOUBLE, "reg" should be a even-numbered
//    float register, i.e. lower half of double register.
//
// Note:
//    For ARM32, two float registers consisting a double register are updated
//    together when "regType" is TYP_DOUBLE.
//
void LinearScan::updatePreviousInterval(RegRecord* reg, Interval* interval, RegisterType regType)
{
    reg->previousInterval = interval;

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
    // Update overlapping floating point register for TYP_DOUBLE
    if (regType == TYP_DOUBLE)
    {
        RegRecord* anotherHalfReg = findAnotherHalfRegRec(reg);

        anotherHalfReg->previousInterval = interval;
    }
#endif
}

// LinearScan::resolveLocalRef
// Description:
//      Update the graph for a local reference.
//      Also, track the register (if any) that is currently occupied.
// Arguments:
//      treeNode: The lclVar that's being resolved
//      currentRefPosition: the RefPosition associated with the treeNode
//
// Details:
// This method is called for each local reference, during the resolveRegisters
// phase of LSRA.  It is responsible for keeping the following in sync:
//   - varDsc->lvRegNum (and lvOtherReg) contain the unique register location.
//     If it is not in the same register through its lifetime, it is set to REG_STK.
//   - interval->physReg is set to the assigned register
//     (i.e. at the code location which is currently being handled by resolveRegisters())
//     - interval->isActive is true iff the interval is live and occupying a register
//     - interval->isSpilled should have already been set to true if the interval is EVER spilled
//     - interval->isSplit is set to true if the interval does not occupy the same
//       register throughout the method
//   - RegRecord->assignedInterval points to the interval which currently occupies
//     the register
//   - For each lclVar node:
//     - gtRegNum/gtRegPair is set to the currently allocated register(s).
//     - GTF_SPILLED is set on a use if it must be reloaded prior to use.
//     - GTF_SPILL is set if it must be spilled after use.
//
// A copyReg is an ugly case where the variable must be in a specific (fixed) register,
// but it currently resides elsewhere.  The register allocator must track the use of the
// fixed register, but it marks the lclVar node with the register it currently lives in
// and the code generator does the necessary move.
//
// Before beginning, the varDsc for each parameter must be set to its initial location.
//
// NICE: Consider tracking whether an Interval is always in the same location (register/stack)
// in which case it will require no resolution.
//
void LinearScan::resolveLocalRef(BasicBlock* block, GenTree* treeNode, RefPosition* currentRefPosition)
{
    assert((block == nullptr) == (treeNode == nullptr));
    assert(enregisterLocalVars);

    // Is this a tracked local?  Or just a register allocated for loading
    // a non-tracked one?
    Interval* interval = currentRefPosition->getInterval();
    if (!interval->isLocalVar)
    {
        return;
    }
    interval->recentRefPosition = currentRefPosition;
    LclVarDsc* varDsc           = interval->getLocalVar(compiler);

    // NOTE: we set the GTF_VAR_DEATH flag here unless we are extending lifetimes, in which case we write
    // this bit in checkLastUses. This is a bit of a hack, but is necessary because codegen requires
    // accurate last use info that is not reflected in the lastUse bit on ref positions when we are extending
    // lifetimes. See also the comments in checkLastUses.
    if ((treeNode != nullptr) && !extendLifetimes())
    {
        if (currentRefPosition->lastUse)
        {
            treeNode->gtFlags |= GTF_VAR_DEATH;
        }
        else
        {
            treeNode->gtFlags &= ~GTF_VAR_DEATH;
        }
    }

    if (currentRefPosition->registerAssignment == RBM_NONE)
    {
        assert(!currentRefPosition->RequiresRegister());
        assert(interval->isSpilled);

        varDsc->lvRegNum = REG_STK;
        if (interval->assignedReg != nullptr && interval->assignedReg->assignedInterval == interval)
        {
            updateAssignedInterval(interval->assignedReg, nullptr, interval->registerType);
        }
        interval->assignedReg = nullptr;
        interval->physReg     = REG_NA;
        if (treeNode != nullptr)
        {
            treeNode->SetContained();
        }

        return;
    }

    // In most cases, assigned and home registers will be the same
    // The exception is the copyReg case, where we've assigned a register
    // for a specific purpose, but will be keeping the register assignment
    regNumber assignedReg = currentRefPosition->assignedReg();
    regNumber homeReg     = assignedReg;

    // Undo any previous association with a physical register, UNLESS this
    // is a copyReg
    if (!currentRefPosition->copyReg)
    {
        regNumber oldAssignedReg = interval->physReg;
        if (oldAssignedReg != REG_NA && assignedReg != oldAssignedReg)
        {
            RegRecord* oldRegRecord = getRegisterRecord(oldAssignedReg);
            if (oldRegRecord->assignedInterval == interval)
            {
                updateAssignedInterval(oldRegRecord, nullptr, interval->registerType);
            }
        }
    }

    if (currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeUse && !currentRefPosition->reload)
    {
        // Was this spilled after our predecessor was scheduled?
        if (interval->physReg == REG_NA)
        {
            assert(inVarToRegMaps[curBBNum][varDsc->lvVarIndex] == REG_STK);
            currentRefPosition->reload = true;
        }
    }

    bool reload     = currentRefPosition->reload;
    bool spillAfter = currentRefPosition->spillAfter;

    // In the reload case we either:
    // - Set the register to REG_STK if it will be referenced only from the home location, or
    // - Set the register to the assigned register and set GTF_SPILLED if it must be loaded into a register.
    if (reload)
    {
        assert(currentRefPosition->refType != RefTypeDef);
        assert(interval->isSpilled);
        varDsc->lvRegNum = REG_STK;
        if (!spillAfter)
        {
            interval->physReg = assignedReg;
        }

        // If there is no treeNode, this must be a RefTypeExpUse, in
        // which case we did the reload already
        if (treeNode != nullptr)
        {
            treeNode->gtFlags |= GTF_SPILLED;
            if (spillAfter)
            {
                if (currentRefPosition->AllocateIfProfitable())
                {
                    // This is a use of lclVar that is flagged as reg-optional
                    // by lower/codegen and marked for both reload and spillAfter.
                    // In this case we can avoid unnecessary reload and spill
                    // by setting reg on lclVar to REG_STK and reg on tree node
                    // to REG_NA.  Codegen will generate the code by considering
                    // it as a contained memory operand.
                    //
                    // Note that varDsc->lvRegNum is already to REG_STK above.
                    interval->physReg  = REG_NA;
                    treeNode->gtRegNum = REG_NA;
                    treeNode->gtFlags &= ~GTF_SPILLED;
                    treeNode->SetContained();
                }
                else
                {
                    treeNode->gtFlags |= GTF_SPILL;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            assert(currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeExpUse);
        }
    }
    else if (spillAfter && !RefTypeIsUse(currentRefPosition->refType))
    {
        // In the case of a pure def, don't bother spilling - just assign it to the
        // stack.  However, we need to remember that it was spilled.

        assert(interval->isSpilled);
        varDsc->lvRegNum  = REG_STK;
        interval->physReg = REG_NA;
        if (treeNode != nullptr)
        {
            treeNode->gtRegNum = REG_NA;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // Not reload and Not pure-def that's spillAfter

        if (currentRefPosition->copyReg || currentRefPosition->moveReg)
        {
            // For a copyReg or moveReg, we have two cases:
            //  - In the first case, we have a fixedReg - i.e. a register which the code
            //    generator is constrained to use.
            //    The code generator will generate the appropriate move to meet the requirement.
            //  - In the second case, we were forced to use a different register because of
            //    interference (or JitStressRegs).
            //    In this case, we generate a GT_COPY.
            // In either case, we annotate the treeNode with the register in which the value
            // currently lives.  For moveReg, the homeReg is the new register (as assigned above).
            // But for copyReg, the homeReg remains unchanged.

            assert(treeNode != nullptr);
            treeNode->gtRegNum = interval->physReg;

            if (currentRefPosition->copyReg)
            {
                homeReg = interval->physReg;
            }
            else
            {
                assert(interval->isSplit);
                interval->physReg = assignedReg;
            }

            if (!currentRefPosition->isFixedRegRef || currentRefPosition->moveReg)
            {
                // This is the second case, where we need to generate a copy
                insertCopyOrReload(block, treeNode, currentRefPosition->getMultiRegIdx(), currentRefPosition);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            interval->physReg = assignedReg;

            if (!interval->isSpilled && !interval->isSplit)
            {
                if (varDsc->lvRegNum != REG_STK)
                {
                    // If the register assignments don't match, then this interval is split.
                    if (varDsc->lvRegNum != assignedReg)
                    {
                        setIntervalAsSplit(interval);
                        varDsc->lvRegNum = REG_STK;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    varDsc->lvRegNum = assignedReg;
                }
            }
        }
        if (spillAfter)
        {
            if (treeNode != nullptr)
            {
                treeNode->gtFlags |= GTF_SPILL;
            }
            assert(interval->isSpilled);
            interval->physReg = REG_NA;
            varDsc->lvRegNum  = REG_STK;
        }
    }

    // Update the physRegRecord for the register, so that we know what vars are in
    // regs at the block boundaries
    RegRecord* physRegRecord = getRegisterRecord(homeReg);
    if (spillAfter || currentRefPosition->lastUse)
    {
        interval->isActive    = false;
        interval->assignedReg = nullptr;
        interval->physReg     = REG_NA;

        updateAssignedInterval(physRegRecord, nullptr, interval->registerType);
    }
    else
    {
        interval->isActive    = true;
        interval->assignedReg = physRegRecord;

        updateAssignedInterval(physRegRecord, interval, interval->registerType);
    }
}

void LinearScan::writeRegisters(RefPosition* currentRefPosition, GenTree* tree)
{
    lsraAssignRegToTree(tree, currentRefPosition->assignedReg(), currentRefPosition->getMultiRegIdx());
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// insertCopyOrReload: Insert a copy in the case where a tree node value must be moved
//   to a different register at the point of use (GT_COPY), or it is reloaded to a different register
//   than the one it was spilled from (GT_RELOAD).
//
// Arguments:
//    block             - basic block in which GT_COPY/GT_RELOAD is inserted.
//    tree              - This is the node to copy or reload.
//                        Insert copy or reload node between this node and its parent.
//    multiRegIdx       - register position of tree node for which copy or reload is needed.
//    refPosition       - The RefPosition at which copy or reload will take place.
//
// Notes:
//    The GT_COPY or GT_RELOAD will be inserted in the proper spot in execution order where the reload is to occur.
//
// For example, for this tree (numbers are execution order, lower is earlier and higher is later):
//
//                                   +---------+----------+
//                                   |       GT_ADD (3)   |
//                                   +---------+----------+
//                                             |
//                                           /   \
//                                         /       \
//                                       /           \
//                   +-------------------+           +----------------------+
//                   |         x (1)     | "tree"    |         y (2)        |
//                   +-------------------+           +----------------------+
//
// generate this tree:
//
//                                   +---------+----------+
//                                   |       GT_ADD (4)   |
//                                   +---------+----------+
//                                             |
//                                           /   \
//                                         /       \
//                                       /           \
//                   +-------------------+           +----------------------+
//                   |  GT_RELOAD (3)    |           |         y (2)        |
//                   +-------------------+           +----------------------+
//                             |
//                   +-------------------+
//                   |         x (1)     | "tree"
//                   +-------------------+
//
// Note in particular that the GT_RELOAD node gets inserted in execution order immediately before the parent of "tree",
// which seems a bit weird since normally a node's parent (in this case, the parent of "x", GT_RELOAD in the "after"
// picture) immediately follows all of its children (that is, normally the execution ordering is postorder).
// The ordering must be this weird "out of normal order" way because the "x" node is being spilled, probably
// because the expression in the tree represented above by "y" has high register requirements. We don't want
// to reload immediately, of course. So we put GT_RELOAD where the reload should actually happen.
//
// Note that GT_RELOAD is required when we reload to a different register than the one we spilled to. It can also be
// used if we reload to the same register. Normally, though, in that case we just mark the node with GTF_SPILLED,
// and the unspilling code automatically reuses the same register, and does the reload when it notices that flag
// when considering a node's operands.
//
void LinearScan::insertCopyOrReload(BasicBlock* block, GenTree* tree, unsigned multiRegIdx, RefPosition* refPosition)
{
    LIR::Range& blockRange = LIR::AsRange(block);

    LIR::Use treeUse;
    bool     foundUse = blockRange.TryGetUse(tree, &treeUse);
    assert(foundUse);

    GenTree* parent = treeUse.User();

    genTreeOps oper;
    if (refPosition->reload)
    {
        oper = GT_RELOAD;
    }
    else
    {
        oper = GT_COPY;

#if TRACK_LSRA_STATS
        updateLsraStat(LSRA_STAT_COPY_REG, block->bbNum);
#endif
    }

    // If the parent is a reload/copy node, then tree must be a multi-reg call node
    // that has already had one of its registers spilled. This is Because multi-reg
    // call node is the only node whose RefTypeDef positions get independently
    // spilled or reloaded.  It is possible that one of its RefTypeDef position got
    // spilled and the next use of it requires it to be in a different register.
    //
    // In this case set the ith position reg of reload/copy node to the reg allocated
    // for copy/reload refPosition.  Essentially a copy/reload node will have a reg
    // for each multi-reg position of its child. If there is a valid reg in ith
    // position of GT_COPY or GT_RELOAD node then the corresponding result of its
    // child needs to be copied or reloaded to that reg.
    if (parent->IsCopyOrReload())
    {
        noway_assert(parent->OperGet() == oper);
        noway_assert(tree->IsMultiRegCall());
        GenTreeCall*         call         = tree->AsCall();
        GenTreeCopyOrReload* copyOrReload = parent->AsCopyOrReload();
        noway_assert(copyOrReload->GetRegNumByIdx(multiRegIdx) == REG_NA);
        copyOrReload->SetRegNumByIdx(refPosition->assignedReg(), multiRegIdx);
    }
    else
    {
        // Create the new node, with "tree" as its only child.
        var_types treeType = tree->TypeGet();

        GenTreeCopyOrReload* newNode = new (compiler, oper) GenTreeCopyOrReload(oper, treeType, tree);
        assert(refPosition->registerAssignment != RBM_NONE);
        SetLsraAdded(newNode);
        newNode->SetRegNumByIdx(refPosition->assignedReg(), multiRegIdx);
        if (refPosition->copyReg)
        {
            // This is a TEMPORARY copy
            assert(isCandidateLocalRef(tree));
            newNode->gtFlags |= GTF_VAR_DEATH;
        }

        // Insert the copy/reload after the spilled node and replace the use of the original node with a use
        // of the copy/reload.
        blockRange.InsertAfter(tree, newNode);
        treeUse.ReplaceWith(compiler, newNode);
    }
}

#if FEATURE_PARTIAL_SIMD_CALLEE_SAVE
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// insertUpperVectorSaveAndReload: Insert code to save and restore the upper half of a vector that lives
//                                 in a callee-save register at the point of a kill (the upper half is
//                                 not preserved).
//
// Arguments:
//    tree              - This is the node around which we will insert the Save & Reload.
//                        It will be a call or some node that turns into a call.
//    refPosition       - The RefTypeUpperVectorSaveDef RefPosition.
//
void LinearScan::insertUpperVectorSaveAndReload(GenTree* tree, RefPosition* refPosition, BasicBlock* block)
{
    Interval* lclVarInterval = refPosition->getInterval()->relatedInterval;
    assert(lclVarInterval->isLocalVar == true);
    LclVarDsc* varDsc = compiler->lvaTable + lclVarInterval->varNum;
    assert(varTypeNeedsPartialCalleeSave(varDsc->lvType));
    regNumber lclVarReg = lclVarInterval->physReg;
    if (lclVarReg == REG_NA)
    {
        return;
    }

    assert((genRegMask(lclVarReg) & RBM_FLT_CALLEE_SAVED) != RBM_NONE);

    regNumber spillReg   = refPosition->assignedReg();
    bool      spillToMem = refPosition->spillAfter;

    LIR::Range& blockRange = LIR::AsRange(block);

    // First, insert the save before the call.

    GenTree* saveLcl  = compiler->gtNewLclvNode(lclVarInterval->varNum, varDsc->lvType);
    saveLcl->gtRegNum = lclVarReg;
    SetLsraAdded(saveLcl);

    GenTreeSIMD* simdNode =
        new (compiler, GT_SIMD) GenTreeSIMD(LargeVectorSaveType, saveLcl, nullptr, SIMDIntrinsicUpperSave,
                                            varDsc->lvBaseType, genTypeSize(varDsc->lvType));
    SetLsraAdded(simdNode);
    simdNode->gtRegNum = spillReg;
    if (spillToMem)
    {
        simdNode->gtFlags |= GTF_SPILL;
    }

    blockRange.InsertBefore(tree, LIR::SeqTree(compiler, simdNode));

    // Now insert the restore after the call.

    GenTree* restoreLcl  = compiler->gtNewLclvNode(lclVarInterval->varNum, varDsc->lvType);
    restoreLcl->gtRegNum = lclVarReg;
    SetLsraAdded(restoreLcl);

    simdNode = new (compiler, GT_SIMD) GenTreeSIMD(varDsc->lvType, restoreLcl, nullptr, SIMDIntrinsicUpperRestore,
                                                   varDsc->lvBaseType, genTypeSize(varDsc->lvType));
    simdNode->gtRegNum = spillReg;
    SetLsraAdded(simdNode);
    if (spillToMem)
    {
        simdNode->gtFlags |= GTF_SPILLED;
    }

    blockRange.InsertAfter(tree, LIR::SeqTree(compiler, simdNode));
}
#endif // FEATURE_PARTIAL_SIMD_CALLEE_SAVE

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// initMaxSpill: Initializes the LinearScan members used to track the max number
//               of concurrent spills.  This is needed so that we can set the
//               fields in Compiler, so that the code generator, in turn can
//               allocate the right number of spill locations.
//
// Arguments:
//    None.
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Assumptions:
//    This is called before any calls to updateMaxSpill().

void LinearScan::initMaxSpill()
{
    needDoubleTmpForFPCall = false;
    needFloatTmpForFPCall  = false;
    for (int i = 0; i < TYP_COUNT; i++)
    {
        maxSpill[i]     = 0;
        currentSpill[i] = 0;
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// recordMaxSpill: Sets the fields in Compiler for the max number of concurrent spills.
//                 (See the comment on initMaxSpill.)
//
// Arguments:
//    None.
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Assumptions:
//    This is called after updateMaxSpill() has been called for all "real"
//    RefPositions.

void LinearScan::recordMaxSpill()
{
    // Note: due to the temp normalization process (see tmpNormalizeType)
    // only a few types should actually be seen here.
    JITDUMP("Recording the maximum number of concurrent spills:\n");
#ifdef _TARGET_X86_
    var_types returnType = compiler->tmpNormalizeType(compiler->info.compRetType);
    if (needDoubleTmpForFPCall || (returnType == TYP_DOUBLE))
    {
        JITDUMP("Adding a spill temp for moving a double call/return value between xmm reg and x87 stack.\n");
        maxSpill[TYP_DOUBLE] += 1;
    }
    if (needFloatTmpForFPCall || (returnType == TYP_FLOAT))
    {
        JITDUMP("Adding a spill temp for moving a float call/return value between xmm reg and x87 stack.\n");
        maxSpill[TYP_FLOAT] += 1;
    }
#endif // _TARGET_X86_
    for (int i = 0; i < TYP_COUNT; i++)
    {
        if (var_types(i) != compiler->tmpNormalizeType(var_types(i)))
        {
            // Only normalized types should have anything in the maxSpill array.
            // We assume here that if type 'i' does not normalize to itself, then
            // nothing else normalizes to 'i', either.
            assert(maxSpill[i] == 0);
        }
        if (maxSpill[i] != 0)
        {
            JITDUMP("  %s: %d\n", varTypeName(var_types(i)), maxSpill[i]);
            compiler->tmpPreAllocateTemps(var_types(i), maxSpill[i]);
        }
    }
    JITDUMP("\n");
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// updateMaxSpill: Update the maximum number of concurrent spills
//
// Arguments:
//    refPosition - the current RefPosition being handled
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Assumptions:
//    The RefPosition has an associated interval (getInterval() will
//    otherwise assert).
//
// Notes:
//    This is called for each "real" RefPosition during the writeback
//    phase of LSRA.  It keeps track of how many concurrently-live
//    spills there are, and the largest number seen so far.

void LinearScan::updateMaxSpill(RefPosition* refPosition)
{
    RefType refType = refPosition->refType;

    if (refPosition->spillAfter || refPosition->reload ||
        (refPosition->AllocateIfProfitable() && refPosition->assignedReg() == REG_NA))
    {
        Interval* interval = refPosition->getInterval();
        if (!interval->isLocalVar)
        {
            // The tmp allocation logic 'normalizes' types to a small number of
            // types that need distinct stack locations from each other.
            // Those types are currently gc refs, byrefs, <= 4 byte non-GC items,
            // 8-byte non-GC items, and 16-byte or 32-byte SIMD vectors.
            // LSRA is agnostic to those choices but needs
            // to know what they are here.
            var_types typ;

#if FEATURE_PARTIAL_SIMD_CALLEE_SAVE
            if ((refType == RefTypeUpperVectorSaveDef) || (refType == RefTypeUpperVectorSaveUse))
            {
                typ = LargeVectorSaveType;
            }
            else
#endif // !FEATURE_PARTIAL_SIMD_CALLEE_SAVE
            {
                GenTree* treeNode = refPosition->treeNode;
                if (treeNode == nullptr)
                {
                    assert(RefTypeIsUse(refType));
                    treeNode = interval->firstRefPosition->treeNode;
                }
                assert(treeNode != nullptr);

                // In case of multi-reg call nodes, we need to use the type
                // of the return register given by multiRegIdx of the refposition.
                if (treeNode->IsMultiRegCall())
                {
                    ReturnTypeDesc* retTypeDesc = treeNode->AsCall()->GetReturnTypeDesc();
                    typ                         = retTypeDesc->GetReturnRegType(refPosition->getMultiRegIdx());
                }
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
                else if (treeNode->OperIsPutArgSplit())
                {
                    typ = treeNode->AsPutArgSplit()->GetRegType(refPosition->getMultiRegIdx());
                }
                else if (treeNode->OperIsPutArgReg())
                {
                    // For double arg regs, the type is changed to long since they must be passed via `r0-r3`.
                    // However when they get spilled, they should be treated as separated int registers.
                    var_types typNode = treeNode->TypeGet();
                    typ               = (typNode == TYP_LONG) ? TYP_INT : typNode;
                }
#endif // _TARGET_ARM_
                else
                {
                    typ = treeNode->TypeGet();
                }
                typ = compiler->tmpNormalizeType(typ);
            }

            if (refPosition->spillAfter && !refPosition->reload)
            {
                currentSpill[typ]++;
                if (currentSpill[typ] > maxSpill[typ])
                {
                    maxSpill[typ] = currentSpill[typ];
                }
            }
            else if (refPosition->reload)
            {
                assert(currentSpill[typ] > 0);
                currentSpill[typ]--;
            }
            else if (refPosition->AllocateIfProfitable() && refPosition->assignedReg() == REG_NA)
            {
                // A spill temp not getting reloaded into a reg because it is
                // marked as allocate if profitable and getting used from its
                // memory location.  To properly account max spill for typ we
                // decrement spill count.
                assert(RefTypeIsUse(refType));
                assert(currentSpill[typ] > 0);
                currentSpill[typ]--;
            }
            JITDUMP("  Max spill for %s is %d\n", varTypeName(typ), maxSpill[typ]);
        }
    }
}

// This is the final phase of register allocation.  It writes the register assignments to
// the tree, and performs resolution across joins and backedges.
//
void LinearScan::resolveRegisters()
{
    // Iterate over the tree and the RefPositions in lockstep
    //  - annotate the tree with register assignments by setting gtRegNum or gtRegPair (for longs)
    //    on the tree node
    //  - track globally-live var locations
    //  - add resolution points at split/merge/critical points as needed

    // Need to use the same traversal order as the one that assigns the location numbers.

    // Dummy RefPositions have been added at any split, join or critical edge, at the
    // point where resolution may be required.  These are located:
    //  - for a split, at the top of the non-adjacent block
    //  - for a join, at the bottom of the non-adjacent joining block
    //  - for a critical edge, at the top of the target block of each critical
    //    edge.
    // Note that a target block may have multiple incoming critical or split edges
    //
    // These RefPositions record the expected location of the Interval at that point.
    // At each branch, we identify the location of each liveOut interval, and check
    // against the RefPositions at the target.

    BasicBlock*  block;
    LsraLocation currentLocation = MinLocation;

    // Clear register assignments - these will be reestablished as lclVar defs (including RefTypeParamDefs)
    // are encountered.
    if (enregisterLocalVars)
    {
        for (regNumber reg = REG_FIRST; reg < ACTUAL_REG_COUNT; reg = REG_NEXT(reg))
        {
            RegRecord* physRegRecord    = getRegisterRecord(reg);
            Interval*  assignedInterval = physRegRecord->assignedInterval;
            if (assignedInterval != nullptr)
            {
                assignedInterval->assignedReg = nullptr;
                assignedInterval->physReg     = REG_NA;
            }
            physRegRecord->assignedInterval  = nullptr;
            physRegRecord->recentRefPosition = nullptr;
        }

        // Clear "recentRefPosition" for lclVar intervals
        for (unsigned varIndex = 0; varIndex < compiler->lvaTrackedCount; varIndex++)
        {
            if (localVarIntervals[varIndex] != nullptr)
            {
                localVarIntervals[varIndex]->recentRefPosition = nullptr;
                localVarIntervals[varIndex]->isActive          = false;
            }
            else
            {
                assert(compiler->lvaTable[compiler->lvaTrackedToVarNum[varIndex]].lvLRACandidate == false);
            }
        }
    }

    // handle incoming arguments and special temps
    RefPositionIterator refPosIterator     = refPositions.begin();
    RefPosition*        currentRefPosition = &refPosIterator;

    if (enregisterLocalVars)
    {
        VarToRegMap entryVarToRegMap = inVarToRegMaps[compiler->fgFirstBB->bbNum];
        for (; refPosIterator != refPositions.end() &&
               (currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeParamDef || currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeZeroInit);
             ++refPosIterator, currentRefPosition = &refPosIterator)
        {
            Interval* interval = currentRefPosition->getInterval();
            assert(interval != nullptr && interval->isLocalVar);
            resolveLocalRef(nullptr, nullptr, currentRefPosition);
            regNumber reg      = REG_STK;
            int       varIndex = interval->getVarIndex(compiler);

            if (!currentRefPosition->spillAfter && currentRefPosition->registerAssignment != RBM_NONE)
            {
                reg = currentRefPosition->assignedReg();
            }
            else
            {
                reg                = REG_STK;
                interval->isActive = false;
            }
            setVarReg(entryVarToRegMap, varIndex, reg);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        assert(refPosIterator == refPositions.end() ||
               (refPosIterator->refType != RefTypeParamDef && refPosIterator->refType != RefTypeZeroInit));
    }

    BasicBlock* insertionBlock = compiler->fgFirstBB;
    GenTree*    insertionPoint = LIR::AsRange(insertionBlock).FirstNonPhiNode();

    // write back assignments
    for (block = startBlockSequence(); block != nullptr; block = moveToNextBlock())
    {
        assert(curBBNum == block->bbNum);

        if (enregisterLocalVars)
        {
            // Record the var locations at the start of this block.
            // (If it's fgFirstBB, we've already done that above, see entryVarToRegMap)

            curBBStartLocation = currentRefPosition->nodeLocation;
            if (block != compiler->fgFirstBB)
            {
                processBlockStartLocations(block, false);
            }

            // Handle the DummyDefs, updating the incoming var location.
            for (; refPosIterator != refPositions.end() && currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeDummyDef;
                 ++refPosIterator, currentRefPosition = &refPosIterator)
            {
                assert(currentRefPosition->isIntervalRef());
                // Don't mark dummy defs as reload
                currentRefPosition->reload = false;
                resolveLocalRef(nullptr, nullptr, currentRefPosition);
                regNumber reg;
                if (currentRefPosition->registerAssignment != RBM_NONE)
                {
                    reg = currentRefPosition->assignedReg();
                }
                else
                {
                    reg                                         = REG_STK;
                    currentRefPosition->getInterval()->isActive = false;
                }
                setInVarRegForBB(curBBNum, currentRefPosition->getInterval()->varNum, reg);
            }
        }

        // The next RefPosition should be for the block.  Move past it.
        assert(refPosIterator != refPositions.end());
        assert(currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeBB);
        ++refPosIterator;
        currentRefPosition = &refPosIterator;

        // Handle the RefPositions for the block
        for (; refPosIterator != refPositions.end() && currentRefPosition->refType != RefTypeBB &&
               currentRefPosition->refType != RefTypeDummyDef;
             ++refPosIterator, currentRefPosition = &refPosIterator)
        {
            currentLocation = currentRefPosition->nodeLocation;

            // Ensure that the spill & copy info is valid.
            // First, if it's reload, it must not be copyReg or moveReg
            assert(!currentRefPosition->reload || (!currentRefPosition->copyReg && !currentRefPosition->moveReg));
            // If it's copyReg it must not be moveReg, and vice-versa
            assert(!currentRefPosition->copyReg || !currentRefPosition->moveReg);

            switch (currentRefPosition->refType)
            {
#ifdef FEATURE_SIMD
                case RefTypeUpperVectorSaveUse:
                case RefTypeUpperVectorSaveDef:
#endif // FEATURE_SIMD
                case RefTypeUse:
                case RefTypeDef:
                    // These are the ones we're interested in
                    break;
                case RefTypeKill:
                case RefTypeFixedReg:
                    // These require no handling at resolution time
                    assert(currentRefPosition->referent != nullptr);
                    currentRefPosition->referent->recentRefPosition = currentRefPosition;
                    continue;
                case RefTypeExpUse:
                    // Ignore the ExpUse cases - a RefTypeExpUse would only exist if the
                    // variable is dead at the entry to the next block.  So we'll mark
                    // it as in its current location and resolution will take care of any
                    // mismatch.
                    assert(getNextBlock() == nullptr ||
                           !VarSetOps::IsMember(compiler, getNextBlock()->bbLiveIn,
                                                currentRefPosition->getInterval()->getVarIndex(compiler)));
                    currentRefPosition->referent->recentRefPosition = currentRefPosition;
                    continue;
                case RefTypeKillGCRefs:
                    // No action to take at resolution time, and no interval to update recentRefPosition for.
                    continue;
                case RefTypeDummyDef:
                case RefTypeParamDef:
                case RefTypeZeroInit:
                // Should have handled all of these already
                default:
                    unreached();
                    break;
            }
            updateMaxSpill(currentRefPosition);
            GenTree* treeNode = currentRefPosition->treeNode;

#if FEATURE_PARTIAL_SIMD_CALLEE_SAVE
            if (currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeUpperVectorSaveDef)
            {
                // The treeNode must be a call, and this must be a RefPosition for a LargeVectorType LocalVar.
                // If the LocalVar is in a callee-save register, we are going to spill its upper half around the call.
                // If we have allocated a register to spill it to, we will use that; otherwise, we will spill it
                // to the stack.  We can use as a temp register any non-arg caller-save register.
                noway_assert(treeNode != nullptr);
                currentRefPosition->referent->recentRefPosition = currentRefPosition;
                insertUpperVectorSaveAndReload(treeNode, currentRefPosition, block);
            }
            else if (currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeUpperVectorSaveUse)
            {
                continue;
            }
#endif // FEATURE_PARTIAL_SIMD_CALLEE_SAVE

            // Most uses won't actually need to be recorded (they're on the def).
            // In those cases, treeNode will be nullptr.
            if (treeNode == nullptr)
            {
                // This is either a use, a dead def, or a field of a struct
                Interval* interval = currentRefPosition->getInterval();
                assert(currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeUse ||
                       currentRefPosition->registerAssignment == RBM_NONE || interval->isStructField);

                // TODO-Review: Need to handle the case where any of the struct fields
                // are reloaded/spilled at this use
                assert(!interval->isStructField ||
                       (currentRefPosition->reload == false && currentRefPosition->spillAfter == false));

                if (interval->isLocalVar && !interval->isStructField)
                {
                    LclVarDsc* varDsc = interval->getLocalVar(compiler);

                    // This must be a dead definition.  We need to mark the lclVar
                    // so that it's not considered a candidate for lvRegister, as
                    // this dead def will have to go to the stack.
                    assert(currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeDef);
                    varDsc->lvRegNum = REG_STK;
                }
                continue;
            }

            if (currentRefPosition->isIntervalRef() && currentRefPosition->getInterval()->isInternal)
            {
                treeNode->gtRsvdRegs |= currentRefPosition->registerAssignment;
            }
            else
            {
                writeRegisters(currentRefPosition, treeNode);

                if (treeNode->IsLocal() && currentRefPosition->getInterval()->isLocalVar)
                {
                    resolveLocalRef(block, treeNode, currentRefPosition);
                }

                // Mark spill locations on temps
                // (local vars are handled in resolveLocalRef, above)
                // Note that the tree node will be changed from GTF_SPILL to GTF_SPILLED
                // in codegen, taking care of the "reload" case for temps
                else if (currentRefPosition->spillAfter || (currentRefPosition->nextRefPosition != nullptr &&
                                                            currentRefPosition->nextRefPosition->moveReg))
                {
                    if (treeNode != nullptr && currentRefPosition->isIntervalRef())
                    {
                        if (currentRefPosition->spillAfter)
                        {
                            treeNode->gtFlags |= GTF_SPILL;

                            // If this is a constant interval that is reusing a pre-existing value, we actually need
                            // to generate the value at this point in order to spill it.
                            if (treeNode->IsReuseRegVal())
                            {
                                treeNode->ResetReuseRegVal();
                            }

                            // In case of multi-reg call node, also set spill flag on the
                            // register specified by multi-reg index of current RefPosition.
                            // Note that the spill flag on treeNode indicates that one or
                            // more its allocated registers are in that state.
                            if (treeNode->IsMultiRegCall())
                            {
                                GenTreeCall* call = treeNode->AsCall();
                                call->SetRegSpillFlagByIdx(GTF_SPILL, currentRefPosition->getMultiRegIdx());
                            }
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
                            else if (treeNode->OperIsPutArgSplit())
                            {
                                GenTreePutArgSplit* splitArg = treeNode->AsPutArgSplit();
                                splitArg->SetRegSpillFlagByIdx(GTF_SPILL, currentRefPosition->getMultiRegIdx());
                            }
                            else if (treeNode->OperIsMultiRegOp())
                            {
                                GenTreeMultiRegOp* multiReg = treeNode->AsMultiRegOp();
                                multiReg->SetRegSpillFlagByIdx(GTF_SPILL, currentRefPosition->getMultiRegIdx());
                            }
#endif
                        }

                        // If the value is reloaded or moved to a different register, we need to insert
                        // a node to hold the register to which it should be reloaded
                        RefPosition* nextRefPosition = currentRefPosition->nextRefPosition;
                        assert(nextRefPosition != nullptr);
                        if (INDEBUG(alwaysInsertReload() ||)
                                nextRefPosition->assignedReg() != currentRefPosition->assignedReg())
                        {
                            if (nextRefPosition->assignedReg() != REG_NA)
                            {
                                insertCopyOrReload(block, treeNode, currentRefPosition->getMultiRegIdx(),
                                                   nextRefPosition);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                assert(nextRefPosition->AllocateIfProfitable());

                                // In case of tree temps, if def is spilled and use didn't
                                // get a register, set a flag on tree node to be treated as
                                // contained at the point of its use.
                                if (currentRefPosition->spillAfter && currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeDef &&
                                    nextRefPosition->refType == RefTypeUse)
                                {
                                    assert(nextRefPosition->treeNode == nullptr);
                                    treeNode->gtFlags |= GTF_NOREG_AT_USE;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    // We should never have to "spill after" a temp use, since
                    // they're single use
                    else
                    {
                        unreached();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (enregisterLocalVars)
        {
            processBlockEndLocations(block);
        }
    }

    if (enregisterLocalVars)
    {
#ifdef DEBUG
        if (VERBOSE)
        {
            printf("-----------------------\n");
            printf("RESOLVING BB BOUNDARIES\n");
            printf("-----------------------\n");

            printf("Resolution Candidates: ");
            dumpConvertedVarSet(compiler, resolutionCandidateVars);
            printf("\n");
            printf("Has %sCritical Edges\n\n", hasCriticalEdges ? "" : "No");

            printf("Prior to Resolution\n");
            foreach_block(compiler, block)
            {
                printf("\nBB%02u use def in out\n", block->bbNum);
                dumpConvertedVarSet(compiler, block->bbVarUse);
                printf("\n");
                dumpConvertedVarSet(compiler, block->bbVarDef);
                printf("\n");
                dumpConvertedVarSet(compiler, block->bbLiveIn);
                printf("\n");
                dumpConvertedVarSet(compiler, block->bbLiveOut);
                printf("\n");

                dumpInVarToRegMap(block);
                dumpOutVarToRegMap(block);
            }

            printf("\n\n");
        }
#endif // DEBUG

        resolveEdges();

        // Verify register assignments on variables
        unsigned   lclNum;
        LclVarDsc* varDsc;
        for (lclNum = 0, varDsc = compiler->lvaTable; lclNum < compiler->lvaCount; lclNum++, varDsc++)
        {
            if (!isCandidateVar(varDsc))
            {
                varDsc->lvRegNum = REG_STK;
            }
            else
            {
                Interval* interval = getIntervalForLocalVar(varDsc->lvVarIndex);

                // Determine initial position for parameters

                if (varDsc->lvIsParam)
                {
                    regMaskTP initialRegMask = interval->firstRefPosition->registerAssignment;
                    regNumber initialReg     = (initialRegMask == RBM_NONE || interval->firstRefPosition->spillAfter)
                                               ? REG_STK
                                               : genRegNumFromMask(initialRegMask);
                    regNumber sourceReg = (varDsc->lvIsRegArg) ? varDsc->lvArgReg : REG_STK;

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
                    if (varTypeIsMultiReg(varDsc))
                    {
                        // TODO-ARM-NYI: Map the hi/lo intervals back to lvRegNum and lvOtherReg (these should NYI
                        // before this)
                        assert(!"Multi-reg types not yet supported");
                    }
                    else
#endif // _TARGET_ARM_
                    {
                        varDsc->lvArgInitReg = initialReg;
                        JITDUMP("  Set V%02u argument initial register to %s\n", lclNum, getRegName(initialReg));
                    }

                    // Stack args that are part of dependently-promoted structs should never be register candidates (see
                    // LinearScan::isRegCandidate).
                    assert(varDsc->lvIsRegArg || !compiler->lvaIsFieldOfDependentlyPromotedStruct(varDsc));
                }

                // If lvRegNum is REG_STK, that means that either no register
                // was assigned, or (more likely) that the same register was not
                // used for all references.  In that case, codegen gets the register
                // from the tree node.
                if (varDsc->lvRegNum == REG_STK || interval->isSpilled || interval->isSplit)
                {
                    // For codegen purposes, we'll set lvRegNum to whatever register
                    // it's currently in as we go.
                    // However, we never mark an interval as lvRegister if it has either been spilled
                    // or split.
                    varDsc->lvRegister = false;

                    // Skip any dead defs or exposed uses
                    // (first use exposed will only occur when there is no explicit initialization)
                    RefPosition* firstRefPosition = interval->firstRefPosition;
                    while ((firstRefPosition != nullptr) && (firstRefPosition->refType == RefTypeExpUse))
                    {
                        firstRefPosition = firstRefPosition->nextRefPosition;
                    }
                    if (firstRefPosition == nullptr)
                    {
                        // Dead interval
                        varDsc->lvLRACandidate = false;
                        if (varDsc->lvRefCnt == 0)
                        {
                            varDsc->lvOnFrame = false;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            // We may encounter cases where a lclVar actually has no references, but
                            // a non-zero refCnt.  For safety (in case this is some "hidden" lclVar that we're
                            // not correctly recognizing), we'll mark those as needing a stack location.
                            // TODO-Cleanup: Make this an assert if/when we correct the refCnt
                            // updating.
                            varDsc->lvOnFrame = true;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // If the interval was not spilled, it doesn't need a stack location.
                        if (!interval->isSpilled)
                        {
                            varDsc->lvOnFrame = false;
                        }
                        if (firstRefPosition->registerAssignment == RBM_NONE || firstRefPosition->spillAfter)
                        {
                            // Either this RefPosition is spilled, or regOptional or it is not a "real" def or use
                            assert(
                                firstRefPosition->spillAfter || firstRefPosition->AllocateIfProfitable() ||
                                (firstRefPosition->refType != RefTypeDef && firstRefPosition->refType != RefTypeUse));
                            varDsc->lvRegNum = REG_STK;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            varDsc->lvRegNum = firstRefPosition->assignedReg();
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    {
                        varDsc->lvRegister = true;
                        varDsc->lvOnFrame  = false;
                    }
#ifdef DEBUG
                    regMaskTP registerAssignment = genRegMask(varDsc->lvRegNum);
                    assert(!interval->isSpilled && !interval->isSplit);
                    RefPosition* refPosition = interval->firstRefPosition;
                    assert(refPosition != nullptr);

                    while (refPosition != nullptr)
                    {
                        // All RefPositions must match, except for dead definitions,
                        // copyReg/moveReg and RefTypeExpUse positions
                        if (refPosition->registerAssignment != RBM_NONE && !refPosition->copyReg &&
                            !refPosition->moveReg && refPosition->refType != RefTypeExpUse)
                        {
                            assert(refPosition->registerAssignment == registerAssignment);
                        }
                        refPosition = refPosition->nextRefPosition;
                    }
#endif // DEBUG
                }
            }
        }
    }

#ifdef DEBUG
    if (VERBOSE)
    {
        printf("Trees after linear scan register allocator (LSRA)\n");
        compiler->fgDispBasicBlocks(true);
    }

    verifyFinalAllocation();
#endif // DEBUG

    compiler->raMarkStkVars();
    recordMaxSpill();

    // TODO-CQ: Review this comment and address as needed.
    // Change all unused promoted non-argument struct locals to a non-GC type (in this case TYP_INT)
    // so that the gc tracking logic and lvMustInit logic will ignore them.
    // Extract the code that does this from raAssignVars, and call it here.
    // PRECONDITIONS: Ensure that lvPromoted is set on promoted structs, if and
    // only if it is promoted on all paths.
    // Call might be something like:
    // compiler->BashUnusedStructLocals();
}

//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// insertMove: Insert a move of a lclVar with the given lclNum into the given block.
//
// Arguments:
//    block          - the BasicBlock into which the move will be inserted.
//    insertionPoint - the instruction before which to insert the move
//    lclNum         - the lclNum of the var to be moved
//    fromReg        - the register from which the var is moving
//    toReg          - the register to which the var is moving
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Notes:
//    If insertionPoint is non-NULL, insert before that instruction;
//    otherwise, insert "near" the end (prior to the branch, if any).
//    If fromReg or toReg is REG_STK, then move from/to memory, respectively.

void LinearScan::insertMove(
    BasicBlock* block, GenTree* insertionPoint, unsigned lclNum, regNumber fromReg, regNumber toReg)
{
    LclVarDsc* varDsc = compiler->lvaTable + lclNum;
    // the lclVar must be a register candidate
    assert(isRegCandidate(varDsc));
    // One or both MUST be a register
    assert(fromReg != REG_STK || toReg != REG_STK);
    // They must not be the same register.
    assert(fromReg != toReg);

    // This var can't be marked lvRegister now
    varDsc->lvRegNum = REG_STK;

    GenTree* src = compiler->gtNewLclvNode(lclNum, varDsc->TypeGet());
    SetLsraAdded(src);

    // There are three cases we need to handle:
    // - We are loading a lclVar from the stack.
    // - We are storing a lclVar to the stack.
    // - We are copying a lclVar between registers.
    //
    // In the first and second cases, the lclVar node will be marked with GTF_SPILLED and GTF_SPILL, respectively.
    // It is up to the code generator to ensure that any necessary normalization is done when loading or storing the
    // lclVar's value.
    //
    // In the third case, we generate GT_COPY(GT_LCL_VAR) and type each node with the normalized type of the lclVar.
    // This is safe because a lclVar is always normalized once it is in a register.

    GenTree* dst = src;
    if (fromReg == REG_STK)
    {
        src->gtFlags |= GTF_SPILLED;
        src->gtRegNum = toReg;
    }
    else if (toReg == REG_STK)
    {
        src->gtFlags |= GTF_SPILL;
        src->gtRegNum = fromReg;
    }
    else
    {
        var_types movType = genActualType(varDsc->TypeGet());
        src->gtType       = movType;

        dst = new (compiler, GT_COPY) GenTreeCopyOrReload(GT_COPY, movType, src);
        // This is the new home of the lclVar - indicate that by clearing the GTF_VAR_DEATH flag.
        // Note that if src is itself a lastUse, this will have no effect.
        dst->gtFlags &= ~(GTF_VAR_DEATH);
        src->gtRegNum = fromReg;
        dst->gtRegNum = toReg;
        SetLsraAdded(dst);
    }
    dst->SetUnusedValue();

    LIR::Range  treeRange  = LIR::SeqTree(compiler, dst);
    LIR::Range& blockRange = LIR::AsRange(block);

    if (insertionPoint != nullptr)
    {
        blockRange.InsertBefore(insertionPoint, std::move(treeRange));
    }
    else
    {
        // Put the copy at the bottom
        // If there's a branch, make an embedded statement that executes just prior to the branch
        if (block->bbJumpKind == BBJ_COND || block->bbJumpKind == BBJ_SWITCH)
        {
            noway_assert(!blockRange.IsEmpty());

            GenTree* branch = blockRange.LastNode();
            assert(branch->OperIsConditionalJump() || branch->OperGet() == GT_SWITCH_TABLE ||
                   branch->OperGet() == GT_SWITCH);

            blockRange.InsertBefore(branch, std::move(treeRange));
        }
        else
        {
            assert(block->bbJumpKind == BBJ_NONE || block->bbJumpKind == BBJ_ALWAYS);
            blockRange.InsertAtEnd(std::move(treeRange));
        }
    }
}

void LinearScan::insertSwap(
    BasicBlock* block, GenTree* insertionPoint, unsigned lclNum1, regNumber reg1, unsigned lclNum2, regNumber reg2)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
    if (VERBOSE)
    {
        const char* insertionPointString = "top";
        if (insertionPoint == nullptr)
        {
            insertionPointString = "bottom";
        }
        printf("   BB%02u %s: swap V%02u in %s with V%02u in %s\n", block->bbNum, insertionPointString, lclNum1,
               getRegName(reg1), lclNum2, getRegName(reg2));
    }
#endif // DEBUG

    LclVarDsc* varDsc1 = compiler->lvaTable + lclNum1;
    LclVarDsc* varDsc2 = compiler->lvaTable + lclNum2;
    assert(reg1 != REG_STK && reg1 != REG_NA && reg2 != REG_STK && reg2 != REG_NA);

    GenTree* lcl1  = compiler->gtNewLclvNode(lclNum1, varDsc1->TypeGet());
    lcl1->gtRegNum = reg1;
    SetLsraAdded(lcl1);

    GenTree* lcl2  = compiler->gtNewLclvNode(lclNum2, varDsc2->TypeGet());
    lcl2->gtRegNum = reg2;
    SetLsraAdded(lcl2);

    GenTree* swap  = compiler->gtNewOperNode(GT_SWAP, TYP_VOID, lcl1, lcl2);
    swap->gtRegNum = REG_NA;
    SetLsraAdded(swap);

    lcl1->gtNext = lcl2;
    lcl2->gtPrev = lcl1;
    lcl2->gtNext = swap;
    swap->gtPrev = lcl2;

    LIR::Range  swapRange  = LIR::SeqTree(compiler, swap);
    LIR::Range& blockRange = LIR::AsRange(block);

    if (insertionPoint != nullptr)
    {
        blockRange.InsertBefore(insertionPoint, std::move(swapRange));
    }
    else
    {
        // Put the copy at the bottom
        // If there's a branch, make an embedded statement that executes just prior to the branch
        if (block->bbJumpKind == BBJ_COND || block->bbJumpKind == BBJ_SWITCH)
        {
            noway_assert(!blockRange.IsEmpty());

            GenTree* branch = blockRange.LastNode();
            assert(branch->OperIsConditionalJump() || branch->OperGet() == GT_SWITCH_TABLE ||
                   branch->OperGet() == GT_SWITCH);

            blockRange.InsertBefore(branch, std::move(swapRange));
        }
        else
        {
            assert(block->bbJumpKind == BBJ_NONE || block->bbJumpKind == BBJ_ALWAYS);
            blockRange.InsertAtEnd(std::move(swapRange));
        }
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// getTempRegForResolution: Get a free register to use for resolution code.
//
// Arguments:
//    fromBlock - The "from" block on the edge being resolved.
//    toBlock   - The "to"block on the edge
//    type      - the type of register required
//
// Return Value:
//    Returns a register that is free on the given edge, or REG_NA if none is available.
//
// Notes:
//    It is up to the caller to check the return value, and to determine whether a register is
//    available, and to handle that case appropriately.
//    It is also up to the caller to cache the return value, as this is not cheap to compute.

regNumber LinearScan::getTempRegForResolution(BasicBlock* fromBlock, BasicBlock* toBlock, var_types type)
{
    // TODO-Throughput: This would be much more efficient if we add RegToVarMaps instead of VarToRegMaps
    // and they would be more space-efficient as well.
    VarToRegMap fromVarToRegMap = getOutVarToRegMap(fromBlock->bbNum);
    VarToRegMap toVarToRegMap   = getInVarToRegMap(toBlock->bbNum);

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
    regMaskTP freeRegs;
    if (type == TYP_DOUBLE)
    {
        // We have to consider all float registers for TYP_DOUBLE
        freeRegs = allRegs(TYP_FLOAT);
    }
    else
    {
        freeRegs = allRegs(type);
    }
#else  // !_TARGET_ARM_
    regMaskTP freeRegs = allRegs(type);
#endif // !_TARGET_ARM_

#ifdef DEBUG
    if (getStressLimitRegs() == LSRA_LIMIT_SMALL_SET)
    {
        return REG_NA;
    }
#endif // DEBUG
    INDEBUG(freeRegs = stressLimitRegs(nullptr, freeRegs));

    // We are only interested in the variables that are live-in to the "to" block.
    VarSetOps::Iter iter(compiler, toBlock->bbLiveIn);
    unsigned        varIndex = 0;
    while (iter.NextElem(&varIndex) && freeRegs != RBM_NONE)
    {
        regNumber fromReg = getVarReg(fromVarToRegMap, varIndex);
        regNumber toReg   = getVarReg(toVarToRegMap, varIndex);
        assert(fromReg != REG_NA && toReg != REG_NA);
        if (fromReg != REG_STK)
        {
            freeRegs &= ~genRegMask(fromReg, getIntervalForLocalVar(varIndex)->registerType);
        }
        if (toReg != REG_STK)
        {
            freeRegs &= ~genRegMask(toReg, getIntervalForLocalVar(varIndex)->registerType);
        }
    }

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
    if (type == TYP_DOUBLE)
    {
        // Exclude any doubles for which the odd half isn't in freeRegs.
        freeRegs = freeRegs & ((freeRegs << 1) & RBM_ALLDOUBLE);
    }
#endif

    if (freeRegs == RBM_NONE)
    {
        return REG_NA;
    }
    else
    {
        regNumber tempReg = genRegNumFromMask(genFindLowestBit(freeRegs));
        return tempReg;
    }
}

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// addResolutionForDouble: Add resolution move(s) for TYP_DOUBLE interval
//                         and update location.
//
// Arguments:
//    block           - the BasicBlock into which the move will be inserted.
//    insertionPoint  - the instruction before which to insert the move
//    sourceIntervals - maintains sourceIntervals[reg] which each 'reg' is associated with
//    location        - maintains location[reg] which is the location of the var that was originally in 'reg'.
//    toReg           - the register to which the var is moving
//    fromReg         - the register from which the var is moving
//    resolveType     - the type of resolution to be performed
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Notes:
//    It inserts at least one move and updates incoming parameter 'location'.
//
void LinearScan::addResolutionForDouble(BasicBlock*     block,
                                        GenTree*        insertionPoint,
                                        Interval**      sourceIntervals,
                                        regNumberSmall* location,
                                        regNumber       toReg,
                                        regNumber       fromReg,
                                        ResolveType     resolveType)
{
    regNumber secondHalfTargetReg = REG_NEXT(fromReg);
    Interval* intervalToBeMoved1  = sourceIntervals[fromReg];
    Interval* intervalToBeMoved2  = sourceIntervals[secondHalfTargetReg];

    assert(!(intervalToBeMoved1 == nullptr && intervalToBeMoved2 == nullptr));

    if (intervalToBeMoved1 != nullptr)
    {
        if (intervalToBeMoved1->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE)
        {
            // TYP_DOUBLE interval occupies a double register, i.e. two float registers.
            assert(intervalToBeMoved2 == nullptr);
            assert(genIsValidDoubleReg(toReg));
        }
        else
        {
            // TYP_FLOAT interval occupies 1st half of double register, i.e. 1st float register
            assert(genIsValidFloatReg(toReg));
        }
        addResolution(block, insertionPoint, intervalToBeMoved1, toReg, fromReg);
        JITDUMP(" (%s)\n", resolveTypeName[resolveType]);
        location[fromReg] = (regNumberSmall)toReg;
    }

    if (intervalToBeMoved2 != nullptr)
    {
        // TYP_FLOAT interval occupies 2nd half of double register.
        assert(intervalToBeMoved2->registerType == TYP_FLOAT);
        regNumber secondHalfTempReg = REG_NEXT(toReg);

        addResolution(block, insertionPoint, intervalToBeMoved2, secondHalfTempReg, secondHalfTargetReg);
        JITDUMP(" (%s)\n", resolveTypeName[resolveType]);
        location[secondHalfTargetReg] = (regNumberSmall)secondHalfTempReg;
    }

    return;
}
#endif // _TARGET_ARM_

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// addResolution: Add a resolution move of the given interval
//
// Arguments:
//    block          - the BasicBlock into which the move will be inserted.
//    insertionPoint - the instruction before which to insert the move
//    interval       - the interval of the var to be moved
//    toReg          - the register to which the var is moving
//    fromReg        - the register from which the var is moving
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Notes:
//    For joins, we insert at the bottom (indicated by an insertionPoint
//    of nullptr), while for splits we insert at the top.
//    This is because for joins 'block' is a pred of the join, while for splits it is a succ.
//    For critical edges, this function may be called twice - once to move from
//    the source (fromReg), if any, to the stack, in which case toReg will be
//    REG_STK, and we insert at the bottom (leave insertionPoint as nullptr).
//    The next time, we want to move from the stack to the destination (toReg),
//    in which case fromReg will be REG_STK, and we insert at the top.

void LinearScan::addResolution(
    BasicBlock* block, GenTree* insertionPoint, Interval* interval, regNumber toReg, regNumber fromReg)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
    const char* insertionPointString = "top";
#endif // DEBUG
    if (insertionPoint == nullptr)
    {
#ifdef DEBUG
        insertionPointString = "bottom";
#endif // DEBUG
    }

    JITDUMP("   BB%02u %s: move V%02u from ", block->bbNum, insertionPointString, interval->varNum);
    JITDUMP("%s to %s", getRegName(fromReg), getRegName(toReg));

    insertMove(block, insertionPoint, interval->varNum, fromReg, toReg);
    if (fromReg == REG_STK || toReg == REG_STK)
    {
        assert(interval->isSpilled);
    }
    else
    {
        // We should have already marked this as spilled or split.
        assert((interval->isSpilled) || (interval->isSplit));
    }

    INTRACK_STATS(updateLsraStat(LSRA_STAT_RESOLUTION_MOV, block->bbNum));
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// handleOutgoingCriticalEdges: Performs the necessary resolution on all critical edges that feed out of 'block'
//
// Arguments:
//    block     - the block with outgoing critical edges.
//
// Return Value:
//    None..
//
// Notes:
//    For all outgoing critical edges (i.e. any successor of this block which is
//    a join edge), if there are any conflicts, split the edge by adding a new block,
//    and generate the resolution code into that block.

void LinearScan::handleOutgoingCriticalEdges(BasicBlock* block)
{
    VARSET_TP outResolutionSet(VarSetOps::Intersection(compiler, block->bbLiveOut, resolutionCandidateVars));
    if (VarSetOps::IsEmpty(compiler, outResolutionSet))
    {
        return;
    }
    VARSET_TP sameResolutionSet(VarSetOps::MakeEmpty(compiler));
    VARSET_TP sameLivePathsSet(VarSetOps::MakeEmpty(compiler));
    VARSET_TP singleTargetSet(VarSetOps::MakeEmpty(compiler));
    VARSET_TP diffResolutionSet(VarSetOps::MakeEmpty(compiler));

    // Get the outVarToRegMap for this block
    VarToRegMap outVarToRegMap = getOutVarToRegMap(block->bbNum);
    unsigned    succCount      = block->NumSucc(compiler);
    assert(succCount > 1);
    VarToRegMap firstSuccInVarToRegMap = nullptr;
    BasicBlock* firstSucc              = nullptr;

    // First, determine the live regs at the end of this block so that we know what regs are
    // available to copy into.
    // Note that for this purpose we use the full live-out set, because we must ensure that
    // even the registers that remain the same across the edge are preserved correctly.
    regMaskTP       liveOutRegs = RBM_NONE;
    VarSetOps::Iter liveOutIter(compiler, block->bbLiveOut);
    unsigned        liveOutVarIndex = 0;
    while (liveOutIter.NextElem(&liveOutVarIndex))
    {
        regNumber fromReg = getVarReg(outVarToRegMap, liveOutVarIndex);
        if (fromReg != REG_STK)
        {
            liveOutRegs |= genRegMask(fromReg);
        }
    }

    // Next, if this blocks ends with a switch table, we have to make sure not to copy
    // into the registers that it uses.
    regMaskTP switchRegs = RBM_NONE;
    if (block->bbJumpKind == BBJ_SWITCH)
    {
        // At this point, Lowering has transformed any non-switch-table blocks into
        // cascading ifs.
        GenTree* switchTable = LIR::AsRange(block).LastNode();
        assert(switchTable != nullptr && switchTable->OperGet() == GT_SWITCH_TABLE);

        switchRegs   = switchTable->gtRsvdRegs;
        GenTree* op1 = switchTable->gtGetOp1();
        GenTree* op2 = switchTable->gtGetOp2();
        noway_assert(op1 != nullptr && op2 != nullptr);
        assert(op1->gtRegNum != REG_NA && op2->gtRegNum != REG_NA);
        switchRegs |= genRegMask(op1->gtRegNum);
        switchRegs |= genRegMask(op2->gtRegNum);
    }

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM64_
    // Next, if this blocks ends with a JCMP, we have to make sure not to copy
    // into the register that it uses or modify the local variable it must consume
    LclVarDsc* jcmpLocalVarDsc = nullptr;
    if (block->bbJumpKind == BBJ_COND)
    {
        GenTree* lastNode = LIR::AsRange(block).LastNode();

        if (lastNode->OperIs(GT_JCMP))
        {
            GenTree* op1 = lastNode->gtGetOp1();
            switchRegs |= genRegMask(op1->gtRegNum);

            if (op1->IsLocal())
            {
                GenTreeLclVarCommon* lcl = op1->AsLclVarCommon();
                jcmpLocalVarDsc          = &compiler->lvaTable[lcl->gtLclNum];
            }
        }
    }
#endif

    VarToRegMap sameVarToRegMap = sharedCriticalVarToRegMap;
    regMaskTP   sameWriteRegs   = RBM_NONE;
    regMaskTP   diffReadRegs    = RBM_NONE;

    // For each var that may require resolution, classify them as:
    // - in the same register at the end of this block and at each target (no resolution needed)
    // - in different registers at different targets (resolve separately):
    //     diffResolutionSet
    // - in the same register at each target at which it's live, but different from the end of
    //   this block.  We may be able to resolve these as if it is "join", but only if they do not
    //   write to any registers that are read by those in the diffResolutionSet:
    //     sameResolutionSet

    VarSetOps::Iter outResolutionSetIter(compiler, outResolutionSet);
    unsigned        outResolutionSetVarIndex = 0;
    while (outResolutionSetIter.NextElem(&outResolutionSetVarIndex))
    {
        regNumber fromReg             = getVarReg(outVarToRegMap, outResolutionSetVarIndex);
        bool      isMatch             = true;
        bool      isSame              = false;
        bool      maybeSingleTarget   = false;
        bool      maybeSameLivePaths  = false;
        bool      liveOnlyAtSplitEdge = true;
        regNumber sameToReg           = REG_NA;
        for (unsigned succIndex = 0; succIndex < succCount; succIndex++)
        {
            BasicBlock* succBlock = block->GetSucc(succIndex, compiler);
            if (!VarSetOps::IsMember(compiler, succBlock->bbLiveIn, outResolutionSetVarIndex))
            {
                maybeSameLivePaths = true;
                continue;
            }
            else if (liveOnlyAtSplitEdge)
            {
                // Is the var live only at those target blocks which are connected by a split edge to this block
                liveOnlyAtSplitEdge = ((succBlock->bbPreds->flNext == nullptr) && (succBlock != compiler->fgFirstBB));
            }

            regNumber toReg = getVarReg(getInVarToRegMap(succBlock->bbNum), outResolutionSetVarIndex);
            if (sameToReg == REG_NA)
            {
                sameToReg = toReg;
                continue;
            }
            if (toReg == sameToReg)
            {
                continue;
            }
            sameToReg = REG_NA;
            break;
        }

        // Check for the cases where we can't write to a register.
        // We only need to check for these cases if sameToReg is an actual register (not REG_STK).
        if (sameToReg != REG_NA && sameToReg != REG_STK)
        {
            // If there's a path on which this var isn't live, it may use the original value in sameToReg.
            // In this case, sameToReg will be in the liveOutRegs of this block.
            // Similarly, if sameToReg is in sameWriteRegs, it has already been used (i.e. for a lclVar that's
            // live only at another target), and we can't copy another lclVar into that reg in this block.
            regMaskTP sameToRegMask = genRegMask(sameToReg);
            if (maybeSameLivePaths &&
                (((sameToRegMask & liveOutRegs) != RBM_NONE) || ((sameToRegMask & sameWriteRegs) != RBM_NONE)))
            {
                sameToReg = REG_NA;
            }
            // If this register is used by a switch table at the end of the block, we can't do the copy
            // in this block (since we can't insert it after the switch).
            if ((sameToRegMask & switchRegs) != RBM_NONE)
            {
                sameToReg = REG_NA;
            }

#ifdef _TARGET_ARM64_
            if (jcmpLocalVarDsc && (jcmpLocalVarDsc->lvVarIndex == outResolutionSetVarIndex))
            {
                sameToReg = REG_NA;
            }
#endif

            // If the var is live only at those blocks connected by a split edge and not live-in at some of the
            // target blocks, we will resolve it the same way as if it were in diffResolutionSet and resolution
            // will be deferred to the handling of split edges, which means copy will only be at those target(s).
            //
            // Another way to achieve similar resolution for vars live only at split edges is by removing them
            // from consideration up-front but it requires that we traverse those edges anyway to account for
            // the registers that must note be overwritten.
            if (liveOnlyAtSplitEdge && maybeSameLivePaths)
            {
                sameToReg = REG_NA;
            }
        }

        if (sameToReg == REG_NA)
        {
            VarSetOps::AddElemD(compiler, diffResolutionSet, outResolutionSetVarIndex);
            if (fromReg != REG_STK)
            {
                diffReadRegs |= genRegMask(fromReg);
            }
        }
        else if (sameToReg != fromReg)
        {
            VarSetOps::AddElemD(compiler, sameResolutionSet, outResolutionSetVarIndex);
            setVarReg(sameVarToRegMap, outResolutionSetVarIndex, sameToReg);
            if (sameToReg != REG_STK)
            {
                sameWriteRegs |= genRegMask(sameToReg);
            }
        }
    }

    if (!VarSetOps::IsEmpty(compiler, sameResolutionSet))
    {
        if ((sameWriteRegs & diffReadRegs) != RBM_NONE)
        {
            // We cannot split the "same" and "diff" regs if the "same" set writes registers
            // that must be read by the "diff" set.  (Note that when these are done as a "batch"
            // we carefully order them to ensure all the input regs are read before they are
            // overwritten.)
            VarSetOps::UnionD(compiler, diffResolutionSet, sameResolutionSet);
            VarSetOps::ClearD(compiler, sameResolutionSet);
        }
        else
        {
            // For any vars in the sameResolutionSet, we can simply add the move at the end of "block".
            resolveEdge(block, nullptr, ResolveSharedCritical, sameResolutionSet);
        }
    }
    if (!VarSetOps::IsEmpty(compiler, diffResolutionSet))
    {
        for (unsigned succIndex = 0; succIndex < succCount; succIndex++)
        {
            BasicBlock* succBlock = block->GetSucc(succIndex, compiler);

            // Any "diffResolutionSet" resolution for a block with no other predecessors will be handled later
            // as split resolution.
            if ((succBlock->bbPreds->flNext == nullptr) && (succBlock != compiler->fgFirstBB))
            {
                continue;
            }

            // Now collect the resolution set for just this edge, if any.
            // Check only the vars in diffResolutionSet that are live-in to this successor.
            bool        needsResolution   = false;
            VarToRegMap succInVarToRegMap = getInVarToRegMap(succBlock->bbNum);
            VARSET_TP   edgeResolutionSet(VarSetOps::Intersection(compiler, diffResolutionSet, succBlock->bbLiveIn));
            VarSetOps::Iter iter(compiler, edgeResolutionSet);
            unsigned        varIndex = 0;
            while (iter.NextElem(&varIndex))
            {
                regNumber fromReg = getVarReg(outVarToRegMap, varIndex);
                regNumber toReg   = getVarReg(succInVarToRegMap, varIndex);

                if (fromReg == toReg)
                {
                    VarSetOps::RemoveElemD(compiler, edgeResolutionSet, varIndex);
                }
            }
            if (!VarSetOps::IsEmpty(compiler, edgeResolutionSet))
            {
                resolveEdge(block, succBlock, ResolveCritical, edgeResolutionSet);
            }
        }
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// resolveEdges: Perform resolution across basic block edges
//
// Arguments:
//    None.
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Notes:
//    Traverse the basic blocks.
//    - If this block has a single predecessor that is not the immediately
//      preceding block, perform any needed 'split' resolution at the beginning of this block
//    - Otherwise if this block has critical incoming edges, handle them.
//    - If this block has a single successor that has multiple predecesors, perform any needed
//      'join' resolution at the end of this block.
//    Note that a block may have both 'split' or 'critical' incoming edge(s) and 'join' outgoing
//    edges.

void LinearScan::resolveEdges()
{
    JITDUMP("RESOLVING EDGES\n");

    // The resolutionCandidateVars set was initialized with all the lclVars that are live-in to
    // any block. We now intersect that set with any lclVars that ever spilled or split.
    // If there are no candidates for resoultion, simply return.

    VarSetOps::IntersectionD(compiler, resolutionCandidateVars, splitOrSpilledVars);
    if (VarSetOps::IsEmpty(compiler, resolutionCandidateVars))
    {
        return;
    }

    BasicBlock *block, *prevBlock = nullptr;

    // Handle all the critical edges first.
    // We will try to avoid resolution across critical edges in cases where all the critical-edge
    // targets of a block have the same home.  We will then split the edges only for the
    // remaining mismatches.  We visit the out-edges, as that allows us to share the moves that are
    // common among allt he targets.

    if (hasCriticalEdges)
    {
        foreach_block(compiler, block)
        {
            if (block->bbNum > bbNumMaxBeforeResolution)
            {
                // This is a new block added during resolution - we don't need to visit these now.
                continue;
            }
            if (blockInfo[block->bbNum].hasCriticalOutEdge)
            {
                handleOutgoingCriticalEdges(block);
            }
            prevBlock = block;
        }
    }

    prevBlock = nullptr;
    foreach_block(compiler, block)
    {
        if (block->bbNum > bbNumMaxBeforeResolution)
        {
            // This is a new block added during resolution - we don't need to visit these now.
            continue;
        }

        unsigned    succCount       = block->NumSucc(compiler);
        flowList*   preds           = block->bbPreds;
        BasicBlock* uniquePredBlock = block->GetUniquePred(compiler);

        // First, if this block has a single predecessor,
        // we may need resolution at the beginning of this block.
        // This may be true even if it's the block we used for starting locations,
        // if a variable was spilled.
        VARSET_TP inResolutionSet(VarSetOps::Intersection(compiler, block->bbLiveIn, resolutionCandidateVars));
        if (!VarSetOps::IsEmpty(compiler, inResolutionSet))
        {
            if (uniquePredBlock != nullptr)
            {
                // We may have split edges during critical edge resolution, and in the process split
                // a non-critical edge as well.
                // It is unlikely that we would ever have more than one of these in sequence (indeed,
                // I don't think it's possible), but there's no need to assume that it can't.
                while (uniquePredBlock->bbNum > bbNumMaxBeforeResolution)
                {
                    uniquePredBlock = uniquePredBlock->GetUniquePred(compiler);
                    noway_assert(uniquePredBlock != nullptr);
                }
                resolveEdge(uniquePredBlock, block, ResolveSplit, inResolutionSet);
            }
        }

        // Finally, if this block has a single successor:
        //  - and that has at least one other predecessor (otherwise we will do the resolution at the
        //    top of the successor),
        //  - and that is not the target of a critical edge (otherwise we've already handled it)
        // we may need resolution at the end of this block.

        if (succCount == 1)
        {
            BasicBlock* succBlock = block->GetSucc(0, compiler);
            if (succBlock->GetUniquePred(compiler) == nullptr)
            {
                VARSET_TP outResolutionSet(
                    VarSetOps::Intersection(compiler, succBlock->bbLiveIn, resolutionCandidateVars));
                if (!VarSetOps::IsEmpty(compiler, outResolutionSet))
                {
                    resolveEdge(block, succBlock, ResolveJoin, outResolutionSet);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Now, fixup the mapping for any blocks that were adding for edge splitting.
    // See the comment prior to the call to fgSplitEdge() in resolveEdge().
    // Note that we could fold this loop in with the checking code below, but that
    // would only improve the debug case, and would clutter up the code somewhat.
    if (compiler->fgBBNumMax > bbNumMaxBeforeResolution)
    {
        foreach_block(compiler, block)
        {
            if (block->bbNum > bbNumMaxBeforeResolution)
            {
                // There may be multiple blocks inserted when we split.  But we must always have exactly
                // one path (i.e. all blocks must be single-successor and single-predecessor),
                // and only one block along the path may be non-empty.
                // Note that we may have a newly-inserted block that is empty, but which connects
                // two non-resolution blocks. This happens when an edge is split that requires it.

                BasicBlock* succBlock = block;
                do
                {
                    succBlock = succBlock->GetUniqueSucc();
                    noway_assert(succBlock != nullptr);
                } while ((succBlock->bbNum > bbNumMaxBeforeResolution) && succBlock->isEmpty());

                BasicBlock* predBlock = block;
                do
                {
                    predBlock = predBlock->GetUniquePred(compiler);
                    noway_assert(predBlock != nullptr);
                } while ((predBlock->bbNum > bbNumMaxBeforeResolution) && predBlock->isEmpty());

                unsigned succBBNum = succBlock->bbNum;
                unsigned predBBNum = predBlock->bbNum;
                if (block->isEmpty())
                {
                    // For the case of the empty block, find the non-resolution block (succ or pred).
                    if (predBBNum > bbNumMaxBeforeResolution)
                    {
                        assert(succBBNum <= bbNumMaxBeforeResolution);
                        predBBNum = 0;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        succBBNum = 0;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    assert((succBBNum <= bbNumMaxBeforeResolution) && (predBBNum <= bbNumMaxBeforeResolution));
                }
                SplitEdgeInfo info = {predBBNum, succBBNum};
                getSplitBBNumToTargetBBNumMap()->Set(block->bbNum, info);
            }
        }
    }

#ifdef DEBUG
    // Make sure the varToRegMaps match up on all edges.
    bool foundMismatch = false;
    foreach_block(compiler, block)
    {
        if (block->isEmpty() && block->bbNum > bbNumMaxBeforeResolution)
        {
            continue;
        }
        VarToRegMap toVarToRegMap = getInVarToRegMap(block->bbNum);
        for (flowList* pred = block->bbPreds; pred != nullptr; pred = pred->flNext)
        {
            BasicBlock*     predBlock       = pred->flBlock;
            VarToRegMap     fromVarToRegMap = getOutVarToRegMap(predBlock->bbNum);
            VarSetOps::Iter iter(compiler, block->bbLiveIn);
            unsigned        varIndex = 0;
            while (iter.NextElem(&varIndex))
            {
                regNumber fromReg = getVarReg(fromVarToRegMap, varIndex);
                regNumber toReg   = getVarReg(toVarToRegMap, varIndex);
                if (fromReg != toReg)
                {
                    if (!foundMismatch)
                    {
                        foundMismatch = true;
                        printf("Found mismatched var locations after resolution!\n");
                    }
                    unsigned varNum = compiler->lvaTrackedToVarNum[varIndex];
                    printf(" V%02u: BB%02u to BB%02u: %s to %s\n", varNum, predBlock->bbNum, block->bbNum,
                           getRegName(fromReg), getRegName(toReg));
                }
            }
        }
    }
    assert(!foundMismatch);
#endif
    JITDUMP("\n");
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// resolveEdge: Perform the specified type of resolution between two blocks.
//
// Arguments:
//    fromBlock     - the block from which the edge originates
//    toBlock       - the block at which the edge terminates
//    resolveType   - the type of resolution to be performed
//    liveSet       - the set of tracked lclVar indices which may require resolution
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Assumptions:
//    The caller must have performed the analysis to determine the type of the edge.
//
// Notes:
//    This method emits the correctly ordered moves necessary to place variables in the
//    correct registers across a Split, Join or Critical edge.
//    In order to avoid overwriting register values before they have been moved to their
//    new home (register/stack), it first does the register-to-stack moves (to free those
//    registers), then the register to register moves, ensuring that the target register
//    is free before the move, and then finally the stack to register moves.

void LinearScan::resolveEdge(BasicBlock*      fromBlock,
                             BasicBlock*      toBlock,
                             ResolveType      resolveType,
                             VARSET_VALARG_TP liveSet)
{
    VarToRegMap fromVarToRegMap = getOutVarToRegMap(fromBlock->bbNum);
    VarToRegMap toVarToRegMap;
    if (resolveType == ResolveSharedCritical)
    {
        toVarToRegMap = sharedCriticalVarToRegMap;
    }
    else
    {
        toVarToRegMap = getInVarToRegMap(toBlock->bbNum);
    }

    // The block to which we add the resolution moves depends on the resolveType
    BasicBlock* block;
    switch (resolveType)
    {
        case ResolveJoin:
        case ResolveSharedCritical:
            block = fromBlock;
            break;
        case ResolveSplit:
            block = toBlock;
            break;
        case ResolveCritical:
            // fgSplitEdge may add one or two BasicBlocks.  It returns the block that splits
            // the edge from 'fromBlock' and 'toBlock', but if it inserts that block right after
            // a block with a fall-through it will have to create another block to handle that edge.
            // These new blocks can be mapped to existing blocks in order to correctly handle
            // the calls to recordVarLocationsAtStartOfBB() from codegen.  That mapping is handled
            // in resolveEdges(), after all the edge resolution has been done (by calling this
            // method for each edge).
            block = compiler->fgSplitEdge(fromBlock, toBlock);

            // Split edges are counted against fromBlock.
            INTRACK_STATS(updateLsraStat(LSRA_STAT_SPLIT_EDGE, fromBlock->bbNum));
            break;
        default:
            unreached();
            break;
    }

#ifndef _TARGET_XARCH_
    // We record tempregs for beginning and end of each block.
    // For amd64/x86 we only need a tempReg for float - we'll use xchg for int.
    // TODO-Throughput: It would be better to determine the tempRegs on demand, but the code below
    // modifies the varToRegMaps so we don't have all the correct registers at the time
    // we need to get the tempReg.
    regNumber tempRegInt =
        (resolveType == ResolveSharedCritical) ? REG_NA : getTempRegForResolution(fromBlock, toBlock, TYP_INT);
#endif // !_TARGET_XARCH_
    regNumber tempRegFlt = REG_NA;
    regNumber tempRegDbl = REG_NA; // Used only for ARM
    if ((compiler->compFloatingPointUsed) && (resolveType != ResolveSharedCritical))
    {
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
        // Try to reserve a double register for TYP_DOUBLE and use it for TYP_FLOAT too if available.
        tempRegDbl = getTempRegForResolution(fromBlock, toBlock, TYP_DOUBLE);
        if (tempRegDbl != REG_NA)
        {
            tempRegFlt = tempRegDbl;
        }
        else
#endif // _TARGET_ARM_
        {
            tempRegFlt = getTempRegForResolution(fromBlock, toBlock, TYP_FLOAT);
        }
    }

    regMaskTP targetRegsToDo      = RBM_NONE;
    regMaskTP targetRegsReady     = RBM_NONE;
    regMaskTP targetRegsFromStack = RBM_NONE;

    // The following arrays capture the location of the registers as they are moved:
    // - location[reg] gives the current location of the var that was originally in 'reg'.
    //   (Note that a var may be moved more than once.)
    // - source[reg] gives the original location of the var that needs to be moved to 'reg'.
    // For example, if a var is in rax and needs to be moved to rsi, then we would start with:
    //   location[rax] == rax
    //   source[rsi] == rax     -- this doesn't change
    // Then, if for some reason we need to move it temporary to rbx, we would have:
    //   location[rax] == rbx
    // Once we have completed the move, we will have:
    //   location[rax] == REG_NA
    // This indicates that the var originally in rax is now in its target register.

    regNumberSmall location[REG_COUNT];
    C_ASSERT(sizeof(char) == sizeof(regNumberSmall)); // for memset to work
    memset(location, REG_NA, REG_COUNT);
    regNumberSmall source[REG_COUNT];
    memset(source, REG_NA, REG_COUNT);

    // What interval is this register associated with?
    // (associated with incoming reg)
    Interval* sourceIntervals[REG_COUNT];
    memset(&sourceIntervals, 0, sizeof(sourceIntervals));

    // Intervals for vars that need to be loaded from the stack
    Interval* stackToRegIntervals[REG_COUNT];
    memset(&stackToRegIntervals, 0, sizeof(stackToRegIntervals));

    // Get the starting insertion point for the "to" resolution
    GenTree* insertionPoint = nullptr;
    if (resolveType == ResolveSplit || resolveType == ResolveCritical)
    {
        insertionPoint = LIR::AsRange(block).FirstNonPhiNode();
    }

    // First:
    //   - Perform all moves from reg to stack (no ordering needed on these)
    //   - For reg to reg moves, record the current location, associating their
    //     source location with the target register they need to go into
    //   - For stack to reg moves (done last, no ordering needed between them)
    //     record the interval associated with the target reg
    // TODO-Throughput: We should be looping over the liveIn and liveOut registers, since
    // that will scale better than the live variables

    VarSetOps::Iter iter(compiler, liveSet);
    unsigned        varIndex = 0;
    while (iter.NextElem(&varIndex))
    {
        regNumber fromReg = getVarReg(fromVarToRegMap, varIndex);
        regNumber toReg   = getVarReg(toVarToRegMap, varIndex);
        if (fromReg == toReg)
        {
            continue;
        }

        // For Critical edges, the location will not change on either side of the edge,
        // since we'll add a new block to do the move.
        if (resolveType == ResolveSplit)
        {
            setVarReg(toVarToRegMap, varIndex, fromReg);
        }
        else if (resolveType == ResolveJoin || resolveType == ResolveSharedCritical)
        {
            setVarReg(fromVarToRegMap, varIndex, toReg);
        }

        assert(fromReg < UCHAR_MAX && toReg < UCHAR_MAX);

        Interval* interval = getIntervalForLocalVar(varIndex);

        if (fromReg == REG_STK)
        {
            stackToRegIntervals[toReg] = interval;
            targetRegsFromStack |= genRegMask(toReg);
        }
        else if (toReg == REG_STK)
        {
            // Do the reg to stack moves now
            addResolution(block, insertionPoint, interval, REG_STK, fromReg);
            JITDUMP(" (%s)\n", resolveTypeName[resolveType]);
        }
        else
        {
            location[fromReg]        = (regNumberSmall)fromReg;
            source[toReg]            = (regNumberSmall)fromReg;
            sourceIntervals[fromReg] = interval;
            targetRegsToDo |= genRegMask(toReg);
        }
    }

    // REGISTER to REGISTER MOVES

    // First, find all the ones that are ready to move now
    regMaskTP targetCandidates = targetRegsToDo;
    while (targetCandidates != RBM_NONE)
    {
        regMaskTP targetRegMask = genFindLowestBit(targetCandidates);
        targetCandidates &= ~targetRegMask;
        regNumber targetReg = genRegNumFromMask(targetRegMask);
        if (location[targetReg] == REG_NA)
        {
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
            regNumber sourceReg = (regNumber)source[targetReg];
            Interval* interval  = sourceIntervals[sourceReg];
            if (interval->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE)
            {
                // For ARM32, make sure that both of the float halves of the double register are available.
                assert(genIsValidDoubleReg(targetReg));
                regNumber anotherHalfRegNum = REG_NEXT(targetReg);
                if (location[anotherHalfRegNum] == REG_NA)
                {
                    targetRegsReady |= targetRegMask;
                }
            }
            else
#endif // _TARGET_ARM_
            {
                targetRegsReady |= targetRegMask;
            }
        }
    }

    // Perform reg to reg moves
    while (targetRegsToDo != RBM_NONE)
    {
        while (targetRegsReady != RBM_NONE)
        {
            regMaskTP targetRegMask = genFindLowestBit(targetRegsReady);
            targetRegsToDo &= ~targetRegMask;
            targetRegsReady &= ~targetRegMask;
            regNumber targetReg = genRegNumFromMask(targetRegMask);
            assert(location[targetReg] != targetReg);
            regNumber sourceReg = (regNumber)source[targetReg];
            regNumber fromReg   = (regNumber)location[sourceReg];
            assert(fromReg < UCHAR_MAX && sourceReg < UCHAR_MAX);
            Interval* interval = sourceIntervals[sourceReg];
            assert(interval != nullptr);
            addResolution(block, insertionPoint, interval, targetReg, fromReg);
            JITDUMP(" (%s)\n", resolveTypeName[resolveType]);
            sourceIntervals[sourceReg] = nullptr;
            location[sourceReg]        = REG_NA;

            // Do we have a free targetReg?
            if (fromReg == sourceReg && source[fromReg] != REG_NA)
            {
                regMaskTP fromRegMask = genRegMask(fromReg);
                targetRegsReady |= fromRegMask;
            }
        }
        if (targetRegsToDo != RBM_NONE)
        {
            regMaskTP targetRegMask = genFindLowestBit(targetRegsToDo);
            regNumber targetReg     = genRegNumFromMask(targetRegMask);

            // Is it already there due to other moves?
            // If not, move it to the temp reg, OR swap it with another register
            regNumber sourceReg = (regNumber)source[targetReg];
            regNumber fromReg   = (regNumber)location[sourceReg];
            if (targetReg == fromReg)
            {
                targetRegsToDo &= ~targetRegMask;
            }
            else
            {
                regNumber tempReg = REG_NA;
                bool      useSwap = false;
                if (emitter::isFloatReg(targetReg))
                {
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
                    if (sourceIntervals[fromReg]->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE)
                    {
                        // ARM32 requires a double temp register for TYP_DOUBLE.
                        tempReg = tempRegDbl;
                    }
                    else
#endif // _TARGET_ARM_
                        tempReg = tempRegFlt;
                }
#ifdef _TARGET_XARCH_
                else
                {
                    useSwap = true;
                }
#else // !_TARGET_XARCH_

                else
                {
                    tempReg = tempRegInt;
                }

#endif // !_TARGET_XARCH_
                if (useSwap || tempReg == REG_NA)
                {
                    // First, we have to figure out the destination register for what's currently in fromReg,
                    // so that we can find its sourceInterval.
                    regNumber otherTargetReg = REG_NA;

                    // By chance, is fromReg going where it belongs?
                    if (location[source[fromReg]] == targetReg)
                    {
                        otherTargetReg = fromReg;
                        // If we can swap, we will be done with otherTargetReg as well.
                        // Otherwise, we'll spill it to the stack and reload it later.
                        if (useSwap)
                        {
                            regMaskTP fromRegMask = genRegMask(fromReg);
                            targetRegsToDo &= ~fromRegMask;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // Look at the remaining registers from targetRegsToDo (which we expect to be relatively
                        // small at this point) to find out what's currently in targetReg.
                        regMaskTP mask = targetRegsToDo;
                        while (mask != RBM_NONE && otherTargetReg == REG_NA)
                        {
                            regMaskTP nextRegMask = genFindLowestBit(mask);
                            regNumber nextReg     = genRegNumFromMask(nextRegMask);
                            mask &= ~nextRegMask;
                            if (location[source[nextReg]] == targetReg)
                            {
                                otherTargetReg = nextReg;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    assert(otherTargetReg != REG_NA);

                    if (useSwap)
                    {
                        // Generate a "swap" of fromReg and targetReg
                        insertSwap(block, insertionPoint, sourceIntervals[source[otherTargetReg]]->varNum, targetReg,
                                   sourceIntervals[sourceReg]->varNum, fromReg);
                        location[sourceReg]              = REG_NA;
                        location[source[otherTargetReg]] = (regNumberSmall)fromReg;

                        INTRACK_STATS(updateLsraStat(LSRA_STAT_RESOLUTION_MOV, block->bbNum));
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // Spill "targetReg" to the stack and add its eventual target (otherTargetReg)
                        // to "targetRegsFromStack", which will be handled below.
                        // NOTE: This condition is very rare.  Setting COMPlus_JitStressRegs=0x203
                        // has been known to trigger it in JIT SH.

                        // First, spill "otherInterval" from targetReg to the stack.
                        Interval* otherInterval = sourceIntervals[source[otherTargetReg]];
                        setIntervalAsSpilled(otherInterval);
                        addResolution(block, insertionPoint, otherInterval, REG_STK, targetReg);
                        JITDUMP(" (%s)\n", resolveTypeName[resolveType]);
                        location[source[otherTargetReg]] = REG_STK;

                        // Now, move the interval that is going to targetReg, and add its "fromReg" to
                        // "targetRegsReady".
                        addResolution(block, insertionPoint, sourceIntervals[sourceReg], targetReg, fromReg);
                        JITDUMP(" (%s)\n", resolveTypeName[resolveType]);
                        location[sourceReg] = REG_NA;
                        targetRegsReady |= genRegMask(fromReg);
                    }
                    targetRegsToDo &= ~targetRegMask;
                }
                else
                {
                    compiler->codeGen->regSet.rsSetRegsModified(genRegMask(tempReg) DEBUGARG(true));
#ifdef _TARGET_ARM_
                    if (sourceIntervals[fromReg]->registerType == TYP_DOUBLE)
                    {
                        assert(genIsValidDoubleReg(targetReg));
                        assert(genIsValidDoubleReg(tempReg));

                        addResolutionForDouble(block, insertionPoint, sourceIntervals, location, tempReg, targetReg,
                                               resolveType);
                    }
                    else
#endif // _TARGET_ARM_
                    {
                        assert(sourceIntervals[targetReg] != nullptr);

                        addResolution(block, insertionPoint, sourceIntervals[targetReg], tempReg, targetReg);
                        JITDUMP(" (%s)\n", resolveTypeName[resolveType]);
                        location[targetReg] = (regNumberSmall)tempReg;
                    }
                    targetRegsReady |= targetRegMask;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Finally, perform stack to reg moves
    // All the target regs will be empty at this point
    while (targetRegsFromStack != RBM_NONE)
    {
        regMaskTP targetRegMask = genFindLowestBit(targetRegsFromStack);
        targetRegsFromStack &= ~targetRegMask;
        regNumber targetReg = genRegNumFromMask(targetRegMask);

        Interval* interval = stackToRegIntervals[targetReg];
        assert(interval != nullptr);

        addResolution(block, insertionPoint, interval, targetReg, REG_STK);
        JITDUMP(" (%s)\n", resolveTypeName[resolveType]);
    }
}

#if TRACK_LSRA_STATS
// ----------------------------------------------------------
// updateLsraStat: Increment LSRA stat counter.
//
// Arguments:
//    stat      -   LSRA stat enum
//    bbNum     -   Basic block to which LSRA stat needs to be
//                  associated with.
//
void LinearScan::updateLsraStat(LsraStat stat, unsigned bbNum)
{
    if (bbNum > bbNumMaxBeforeResolution)
    {
        // This is a newly created basic block as part of resolution.
        // These blocks contain resolution moves that are already accounted.
        return;
    }

    switch (stat)
    {
        case LSRA_STAT_SPILL:
            ++(blockInfo[bbNum].spillCount);
            break;

        case LSRA_STAT_COPY_REG:
            ++(blockInfo[bbNum].copyRegCount);
            break;

        case LSRA_STAT_RESOLUTION_MOV:
            ++(blockInfo[bbNum].resolutionMovCount);
            break;

        case LSRA_STAT_SPLIT_EDGE:
            ++(blockInfo[bbNum].splitEdgeCount);
            break;

        default:
            break;
    }
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------
// dumpLsraStats - dumps Lsra stats to given file.
//
// Arguments:
//    file    -  file to which stats are to be written.
//
void LinearScan::dumpLsraStats(FILE* file)
{
    unsigned sumSpillCount         = 0;
    unsigned sumCopyRegCount       = 0;
    unsigned sumResolutionMovCount = 0;
    unsigned sumSplitEdgeCount     = 0;
    UINT64   wtdSpillCount         = 0;
    UINT64   wtdCopyRegCount       = 0;
    UINT64   wtdResolutionMovCount = 0;

    fprintf(file, "----------\n");
    fprintf(file, "LSRA Stats");
#ifdef DEBUG
    if (!VERBOSE)
    {
        fprintf(file, " : %s\n", compiler->info.compFullName);
    }
    else
    {
        // In verbose mode no need to print full name
        // while printing lsra stats.
        fprintf(file, "\n");
    }
#else
    fprintf(file, " : %s\n", compiler->eeGetMethodFullName(compiler->info.compCompHnd));
#endif

    fprintf(file, "----------\n");

    for (BasicBlock* block = compiler->fgFirstBB; block != nullptr; block = block->bbNext)
    {
        if (block->bbNum > bbNumMaxBeforeResolution)
        {
            continue;
        }

        unsigned spillCount         = blockInfo[block->bbNum].spillCount;
        unsigned copyRegCount       = blockInfo[block->bbNum].copyRegCount;
        unsigned resolutionMovCount = blockInfo[block->bbNum].resolutionMovCount;
        unsigned splitEdgeCount     = blockInfo[block->bbNum].splitEdgeCount;

        if (spillCount != 0 || copyRegCount != 0 || resolutionMovCount != 0 || splitEdgeCount != 0)
        {
            fprintf(file, "BB%02u [%8d]: ", block->bbNum, block->bbWeight);
            fprintf(file, "SpillCount = %d, ResolutionMovs = %d, SplitEdges = %d, CopyReg = %d\n", spillCount,
                    resolutionMovCount, splitEdgeCount, copyRegCount);
        }

        sumSpillCount += spillCount;
        sumCopyRegCount += copyRegCount;
        sumResolutionMovCount += resolutionMovCount;
        sumSplitEdgeCount += splitEdgeCount;

        wtdSpillCount += (UINT64)spillCount * block->bbWeight;
        wtdCopyRegCount += (UINT64)copyRegCount * block->bbWeight;
        wtdResolutionMovCount += (UINT64)resolutionMovCount * block->bbWeight;
    }

    fprintf(file, "Total Tracked Vars:  %d\n", compiler->lvaTrackedCount);
    fprintf(file, "Total Reg Cand Vars: %d\n", regCandidateVarCount);
    fprintf(file, "Total number of Intervals: %d\n", static_cast<unsigned>(intervals.size() - 1));
    fprintf(file, "Total number of RefPositions: %d\n", static_cast<unsigned>(refPositions.size() - 1));
    fprintf(file, "Total Spill Count: %d    Weighted: %I64u\n", sumSpillCount, wtdSpillCount);
    fprintf(file, "Total CopyReg Count: %d   Weighted: %I64u\n", sumCopyRegCount, wtdCopyRegCount);
    fprintf(file, "Total ResolutionMov Count: %d    Weighted: %I64u\n", sumResolutionMovCount, wtdResolutionMovCount);
    fprintf(file, "Total number of split edges: %d\n", sumSplitEdgeCount);

    // compute total number of spill temps created
    unsigned numSpillTemps = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < TYP_COUNT; i++)
    {
        numSpillTemps += maxSpill[i];
    }
    fprintf(file, "Total Number of spill temps created: %d\n\n", numSpillTemps);
}
#endif // TRACK_LSRA_STATS

#ifdef DEBUG
void dumpRegMask(regMaskTP regs)
{
    if (regs == RBM_ALLINT)
    {
        printf("[allInt]");
    }
    else if (regs == (RBM_ALLINT & ~RBM_FPBASE))
    {
        printf("[allIntButFP]");
    }
    else if (regs == RBM_ALLFLOAT)
    {
        printf("[allFloat]");
    }
    else if (regs == RBM_ALLDOUBLE)
    {
        printf("[allDouble]");
    }
    else
    {
        dspRegMask(regs);
    }
}

static const char* getRefTypeName(RefType refType)
{
    switch (refType)
    {
#define DEF_REFTYPE(memberName, memberValue, shortName)                                                                \
    case memberName:                                                                                                   \
        return #memberName;
#include "lsra_reftypes.h"
#undef DEF_REFTYPE
        default:
            return nullptr;
    }
}

static const char* getRefTypeShortName(RefType refType)
{
    switch (refType)
    {
#define DEF_REFTYPE(memberName, memberValue, shortName)                                                                \
    case memberName:                                                                                                   \
        return shortName;
#include "lsra_reftypes.h"
#undef DEF_REFTYPE
        default:
            return nullptr;
    }
}

void RefPosition::dump()
{
    printf("<RefPosition #%-3u @%-3u", rpNum, nodeLocation);

    if (nextRefPosition)
    {
        printf(" ->#%-3u", nextRefPosition->rpNum);
    }

    printf(" %s ", getRefTypeName(refType));

    if (this->isPhysRegRef)
    {
        this->getReg()->tinyDump();
    }
    else if (getInterval())
    {
        this->getInterval()->tinyDump();
    }

    if (this->treeNode)
    {
        printf("%s ", treeNode->OpName(treeNode->OperGet()));
    }
    printf("BB%02u ", this->bbNum);

    printf("regmask=");
    dumpRegMask(registerAssignment);

    printf(" minReg=%d", minRegCandidateCount);

    if (this->lastUse)
    {
        printf(" last");
    }
    if (this->reload)
    {
        printf(" reload");
    }
    if (this->spillAfter)
    {
        printf(" spillAfter");
    }
    if (this->moveReg)
    {
        printf(" move");
    }
    if (this->copyReg)
    {
        printf(" copy");
    }
    if (this->isFixedRegRef)
    {
        printf(" fixed");
    }
    if (this->isLocalDefUse)
    {
        printf(" local");
    }
    if (this->delayRegFree)
    {
        printf(" delay");
    }
    if (this->outOfOrder)
    {
        printf(" outOfOrder");
    }

    if (this->AllocateIfProfitable())
    {
        printf(" regOptional");
    }
    printf(">\n");
}

void RegRecord::dump()
{
    tinyDump();
}

void Interval::dump()
{
    printf("Interval %2u:", intervalIndex);

    if (isLocalVar)
    {
        printf(" (V%02u)", varNum);
    }
    if (isInternal)
    {
        printf(" (INTERNAL)");
    }
    if (isSpilled)
    {
        printf(" (SPILLED)");
    }
    if (isSplit)
    {
        printf(" (SPLIT)");
    }
    if (isStructField)
    {
        printf(" (struct)");
    }
    if (isPromotedStruct)
    {
        printf(" (promoted struct)");
    }
    if (hasConflictingDefUse)
    {
        printf(" (def-use conflict)");
    }
    if (hasInterferingUses)
    {
        printf(" (interfering uses)");
    }
    if (isSpecialPutArg)
    {
        printf(" (specialPutArg)");
    }
    if (isConstant)
    {
        printf(" (constant)");
    }
    if (isMultiReg)
    {
        printf(" (multireg)");
    }

    printf(" RefPositions {");
    for (RefPosition* refPosition = this->firstRefPosition; refPosition != nullptr;
         refPosition              = refPosition->nextRefPosition)
    {
        printf("#%u@%u", refPosition->rpNum, refPosition->nodeLocation);
        if (refPosition->nextRefPosition)
        {
            printf(" ");
        }
    }
    printf("}");

    // this is not used (yet?)
    // printf(" SpillOffset %d", this->spillOffset);

    printf(" physReg:%s", getRegName(physReg));

    printf(" Preferences=");
    dumpRegMask(this->registerPreferences);

    if (relatedInterval)
    {
        printf(" RelatedInterval ");
        relatedInterval->microDump();
        printf("[%p]", dspPtr(relatedInterval));
    }

    printf("\n");
}

// print out very concise representation
void Interval::tinyDump()
{
    printf("<Ivl:%u", intervalIndex);
    if (isLocalVar)
    {
        printf(" V%02u", varNum);
    }
    if (isInternal)
    {
        printf(" internal");
    }
    printf("> ");
}

// print out extremely concise representation
void Interval::microDump()
{
    char intervalTypeChar = 'I';
    if (isInternal)
    {
        intervalTypeChar = 'T';
    }
    else if (isLocalVar)
    {
        intervalTypeChar = 'L';
    }

    printf("<%c%u>", intervalTypeChar, intervalIndex);
}

void RegRecord::tinyDump()
{
    printf("<Reg:%-3s> ", getRegName(regNum));
}

void TreeNodeInfo::dump(LinearScan* lsra)
{
    printf("<TreeNodeInfo %d=%d %di %df", dstCount, srcCount, internalIntCount, internalFloatCount);
    printf(" src=");
    dumpRegMask(getSrcCandidates(lsra));
    printf(" int=");
    dumpRegMask(getInternalCandidates(lsra));
    printf(" dst=");
    dumpRegMask(getDstCandidates(lsra));
    if (isLocalDefUse)
    {
        printf(" L");
    }
    if (isInitialized)
    {
        printf(" I");
    }
    if (isDelayFree)
    {
        printf(" D");
    }
    if (isTgtPref)
    {
        printf(" P");
    }
    if (isInternalRegDelayFree)
    {
        printf(" ID");
    }
    printf(">");
}

void LinearScan::dumpDefList()
{
    JITDUMP("DefList: { ");
    bool first = true;
    for (LocationInfoListNode *listNode = defList.Begin(), *end = defList.End(); listNode != end;
         listNode = listNode->Next())
    {
        GenTree* node = listNode->treeNode;
        JITDUMP("%sN%03u.t%d. %s", first ? "" : "; ", node->gtSeqNum, node->gtTreeID, GenTree::OpName(node->OperGet()));
        first = false;
    }
    JITDUMP(" }\n");
}

void LinearScan::lsraDumpIntervals(const char* msg)
{
    printf("\nLinear scan intervals %s:\n", msg);
    for (Interval& interval : intervals)
    {
        // only dump something if it has references
        // if (interval->firstRefPosition)
        interval.dump();
    }

    printf("\n");
}

// Dumps a tree node as a destination or source operand, with the style
// of dump dependent on the mode
void LinearScan::lsraGetOperandString(GenTree*          tree,
                                      LsraTupleDumpMode mode,
                                      char*             operandString,
                                      unsigned          operandStringLength)
{
    const char* lastUseChar = "";
    if ((tree->gtFlags & GTF_VAR_DEATH) != 0)
    {
        lastUseChar = "*";
    }
    switch (mode)
    {
        case LinearScan::LSRA_DUMP_PRE:
            _snprintf_s(operandString, operandStringLength, operandStringLength, "t%d%s", tree->gtTreeID, lastUseChar);
            break;
        case LinearScan::LSRA_DUMP_REFPOS:
            _snprintf_s(operandString, operandStringLength, operandStringLength, "t%d%s", tree->gtTreeID, lastUseChar);
            break;
        case LinearScan::LSRA_DUMP_POST:
        {
            Compiler* compiler = JitTls::GetCompiler();

            if (!tree->gtHasReg())
            {
                _snprintf_s(operandString, operandStringLength, operandStringLength, "STK%s", lastUseChar);
            }
            else
            {
                _snprintf_s(operandString, operandStringLength, operandStringLength, "%s%s",
                            getRegName(tree->gtRegNum, useFloatReg(tree->TypeGet())), lastUseChar);
            }
        }
        break;
        default:
            printf("ERROR: INVALID TUPLE DUMP MODE\n");
            break;
    }
}
void LinearScan::lsraDispNode(GenTree* tree, LsraTupleDumpMode mode, bool hasDest)
{
    Compiler*      compiler            = JitTls::GetCompiler();
    const unsigned operandStringLength = 16;
    char           operandString[operandStringLength];
    const char*    emptyDestOperand = "               ";
    char           spillChar        = ' ';

    if (mode == LinearScan::LSRA_DUMP_POST)
    {
        if ((tree->gtFlags & GTF_SPILL) != 0)
        {
            spillChar = 'S';
        }
        if (!hasDest && tree->gtHasReg())
        {
            // A node can define a register, but not produce a value for a parent to consume,
            // i.e. in the "localDefUse" case.
            // There used to be an assert here that we wouldn't spill such a node.
            // However, we can have unused lclVars that wind up being the node at which
            // it is spilled. This probably indicates a bug, but we don't realy want to
            // assert during a dump.
            if (spillChar == 'S')
            {
                spillChar = '$';
            }
            else
            {
                spillChar = '*';
            }
            hasDest = true;
        }
    }
    printf("%c N%03u. ", spillChar, tree->gtSeqNum);

    LclVarDsc* varDsc = nullptr;
    unsigned   varNum = UINT_MAX;
    if (tree->IsLocal())
    {
        varNum = tree->gtLclVarCommon.gtLclNum;
        varDsc = &(compiler->lvaTable[varNum]);
        if (varDsc->lvLRACandidate)
        {
            hasDest = false;
        }
    }
    if (hasDest)
    {
        if (mode == LinearScan::LSRA_DUMP_POST && tree->gtFlags & GTF_SPILLED)
        {
            assert(tree->gtHasReg());
        }
        lsraGetOperandString(tree, mode, operandString, operandStringLength);
        printf("%-15s =", operandString);
    }
    else
    {
        printf("%-15s  ", emptyDestOperand);
    }
    if (varDsc != nullptr)
    {
        if (varDsc->lvLRACandidate)
        {
            if (mode == LSRA_DUMP_REFPOS)
            {
                printf("  V%02u(L%d)", varNum, getIntervalForLocalVar(varDsc->lvVarIndex)->intervalIndex);
            }
            else
            {
                lsraGetOperandString(tree, mode, operandString, operandStringLength);
                printf("  V%02u(%s)", varNum, operandString);
                if (mode == LinearScan::LSRA_DUMP_POST && tree->gtFlags & GTF_SPILLED)
                {
                    printf("R");
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            printf("  V%02u MEM", varNum);
        }
    }
    else if (tree->OperIsAssignment())
    {
        assert(!tree->gtHasReg());
        printf("  asg%s  ", GenTree::OpName(tree->OperGet()));
    }
    else
    {
        compiler->gtDispNodeName(tree);
        if (tree->OperKind() & GTK_LEAF)
        {
            compiler->gtDispLeaf(tree, nullptr);
        }
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// DumpOperandDefs: dumps the registers defined by a node.
//
// Arguments:
//    operand - The operand for which to compute a register count.
//
// Returns:
//    The number of registers defined by `operand`.
//
void LinearScan::DumpOperandDefs(
    GenTree* operand, bool& first, LsraTupleDumpMode mode, char* operandString, const unsigned operandStringLength)
{
    assert(operand != nullptr);
    assert(operandString != nullptr);
    if (!operand->IsLIR())
    {
        return;
    }

    int dstCount = ComputeOperandDstCount(operand);

    if (dstCount != 0)
    {
        // This operand directly produces registers; print it.
        for (int i = 0; i < dstCount; i++)
        {
            if (!first)
            {
                printf(",");
            }

            lsraGetOperandString(operand, mode, operandString, operandStringLength);
            printf("%s", operandString);

            first = false;
        }
    }
    else if (operand->isContained())
    {
        // This is a contained node. Dump the defs produced by its operands.
        for (GenTree* op : operand->Operands())
        {
            DumpOperandDefs(op, first, mode, operandString, operandStringLength);
        }
    }
}

void LinearScan::TupleStyleDump(LsraTupleDumpMode mode)
{
    BasicBlock*    block;
    LsraLocation   currentLoc          = 1; // 0 is the entry
    const unsigned operandStringLength = 16;
    char           operandString[operandStringLength];

    // currentRefPosition is not used for LSRA_DUMP_PRE
    // We keep separate iterators for defs, so that we can print them
    // on the lhs of the dump
    RefPositionIterator refPosIterator     = refPositions.begin();
    RefPosition*        currentRefPosition = &refPosIterator;

    switch (mode)
    {
        case LSRA_DUMP_PRE:
            printf("TUPLE STYLE DUMP BEFORE LSRA\n");
            break;
        case LSRA_DUMP_REFPOS:
            printf("TUPLE STYLE DUMP WITH REF POSITIONS\n");
            break;
        case LSRA_DUMP_POST:
            printf("TUPLE STYLE DUMP WITH REGISTER ASSIGNMENTS\n");
            break;
        default:
            printf("ERROR: INVALID TUPLE DUMP MODE\n");
            return;
    }

    if (mode != LSRA_DUMP_PRE)
    {
        printf("Incoming Parameters: ");
        for (; refPosIterator != refPositions.end() && currentRefPosition->refType != RefTypeBB;
             ++refPosIterator, currentRefPosition = &refPosIterator)
        {
            Interval* interval = currentRefPosition->getInterval();
            assert(interval != nullptr && interval->isLocalVar);
            printf(" V%02d", interval->varNum);
            if (mode == LSRA_DUMP_POST)
            {
                regNumber reg;
                if (currentRefPosition->registerAssignment == RBM_NONE)
                {
                    reg = REG_STK;
                }
                else
                {
                    reg = currentRefPosition->assignedReg();
                }
                LclVarDsc* varDsc = &(compiler->lvaTable[interval->varNum]);
                printf("(");
                regNumber assignedReg = varDsc->lvRegNum;
                regNumber argReg      = (varDsc->lvIsRegArg) ? varDsc->lvArgReg : REG_STK;

                assert(reg == assignedReg || varDsc->lvRegister == false);
                if (reg != argReg)
                {
                    printf(getRegName(argReg, isFloatRegType(interval->registerType)));
                    printf("=>");
                }
                printf("%s)", getRegName(reg, isFloatRegType(interval->registerType)));
            }
        }
        printf("\n");
    }

    for (block = startBlockSequence(); block != nullptr; block = moveToNextBlock())
    {
        currentLoc += 2;

        if (mode == LSRA_DUMP_REFPOS)
        {
            bool printedBlockHeader = false;
            // We should find the boundary RefPositions in the order of exposed uses, dummy defs, and the blocks
            for (; refPosIterator != refPositions.end() &&
                   (currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeExpUse || currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeDummyDef ||
                    (currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeBB && !printedBlockHeader));
                 ++refPosIterator, currentRefPosition = &refPosIterator)
            {
                Interval* interval = nullptr;
                if (currentRefPosition->isIntervalRef())
                {
                    interval = currentRefPosition->getInterval();
                }
                switch (currentRefPosition->refType)
                {
                    case RefTypeExpUse:
                        assert(interval != nullptr);
                        assert(interval->isLocalVar);
                        printf("  Exposed use of V%02u at #%d\n", interval->varNum, currentRefPosition->rpNum);
                        break;
                    case RefTypeDummyDef:
                        assert(interval != nullptr);
                        assert(interval->isLocalVar);
                        printf("  Dummy def of V%02u at #%d\n", interval->varNum, currentRefPosition->rpNum);
                        break;
                    case RefTypeBB:
                        block->dspBlockHeader(compiler);
                        printedBlockHeader = true;
                        printf("=====\n");
                        break;
                    default:
                        printf("Unexpected RefPosition type at #%d\n", currentRefPosition->rpNum);
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            block->dspBlockHeader(compiler);
            printf("=====\n");
        }
        if (enregisterLocalVars && mode == LSRA_DUMP_POST && block != compiler->fgFirstBB &&
            block->bbNum <= bbNumMaxBeforeResolution)
        {
            printf("Predecessor for variable locations: BB%02u\n", blockInfo[block->bbNum].predBBNum);
            dumpInVarToRegMap(block);
        }
        if (block->bbNum > bbNumMaxBeforeResolution)
        {
            SplitEdgeInfo splitEdgeInfo;
            splitBBNumToTargetBBNumMap->Lookup(block->bbNum, &splitEdgeInfo);
            assert(splitEdgeInfo.toBBNum <= bbNumMaxBeforeResolution);
            assert(splitEdgeInfo.fromBBNum <= bbNumMaxBeforeResolution);
            printf("New block introduced for resolution from BB%02u to BB%02u\n", splitEdgeInfo.fromBBNum,
                   splitEdgeInfo.toBBNum);
        }

        for (GenTree* node : LIR::AsRange(block).NonPhiNodes())
        {
            GenTree* tree = node;

            genTreeOps oper      = tree->OperGet();
            int        produce   = tree->IsValue() ? ComputeOperandDstCount(tree) : 0;
            int        consume   = ComputeAvailableSrcCount(tree);
            regMaskTP  killMask  = RBM_NONE;
            regMaskTP  fixedMask = RBM_NONE;

            lsraDispNode(tree, mode, produce != 0 && mode != LSRA_DUMP_REFPOS);

            if (mode != LSRA_DUMP_REFPOS)
            {
                if (consume > 0)
                {
                    printf("; ");

                    bool first = true;
                    for (GenTree* operand : tree->Operands())
                    {
                        DumpOperandDefs(operand, first, mode, operandString, operandStringLength);
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // Print each RefPosition on a new line, but
                // printing all the kills for each node on a single line
                // and combining the fixed regs with their associated def or use
                bool         killPrinted        = false;
                RefPosition* lastFixedRegRefPos = nullptr;
                for (; refPosIterator != refPositions.end() &&
                       (currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeUse || currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeFixedReg ||
                        currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeKill || currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeDef) &&
                       (currentRefPosition->nodeLocation == tree->gtSeqNum ||
                        currentRefPosition->nodeLocation == tree->gtSeqNum + 1);
                     ++refPosIterator, currentRefPosition = &refPosIterator)
                {
                    Interval* interval = nullptr;
                    if (currentRefPosition->isIntervalRef())
                    {
                        interval = currentRefPosition->getInterval();
                    }
                    switch (currentRefPosition->refType)
                    {
                        case RefTypeUse:
                            if (currentRefPosition->isPhysRegRef)
                            {
                                printf("\n                               Use:R%d(#%d)",
                                       currentRefPosition->getReg()->regNum, currentRefPosition->rpNum);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                assert(interval != nullptr);
                                printf("\n                               Use:");
                                interval->microDump();
                                printf("(#%d)", currentRefPosition->rpNum);
                                if (currentRefPosition->isFixedRegRef)
                                {
                                    assert(genMaxOneBit(currentRefPosition->registerAssignment));
                                    assert(lastFixedRegRefPos != nullptr);
                                    printf(" Fixed:%s(#%d)", getRegName(currentRefPosition->assignedReg(),
                                                                        isFloatRegType(interval->registerType)),
                                           lastFixedRegRefPos->rpNum);
                                    lastFixedRegRefPos = nullptr;
                                }
                                if (currentRefPosition->isLocalDefUse)
                                {
                                    printf(" LocalDefUse");
                                }
                                if (currentRefPosition->lastUse)
                                {
                                    printf(" *");
                                }
                            }
                            break;
                        case RefTypeDef:
                        {
                            // Print each def on a new line
                            assert(interval != nullptr);
                            printf("\n        Def:");
                            interval->microDump();
                            printf("(#%d)", currentRefPosition->rpNum);
                            if (currentRefPosition->isFixedRegRef)
                            {
                                assert(genMaxOneBit(currentRefPosition->registerAssignment));
                                printf(" %s", getRegName(currentRefPosition->assignedReg(),
                                                         isFloatRegType(interval->registerType)));
                            }
                            if (currentRefPosition->isLocalDefUse)
                            {
                                printf(" LocalDefUse");
                            }
                            if (currentRefPosition->lastUse)
                            {
                                printf(" *");
                            }
                            if (interval->relatedInterval != nullptr)
                            {
                                printf(" Pref:");
                                interval->relatedInterval->microDump();
                            }
                        }
                        break;
                        case RefTypeKill:
                            if (!killPrinted)
                            {
                                printf("\n        Kill: ");
                                killPrinted = true;
                            }
                            printf(getRegName(currentRefPosition->assignedReg(),
                                              isFloatRegType(currentRefPosition->getReg()->registerType)));
                            printf(" ");
                            break;
                        case RefTypeFixedReg:
                            lastFixedRegRefPos = currentRefPosition;
                            break;
                        default:
                            printf("Unexpected RefPosition type at #%d\n", currentRefPosition->rpNum);
                            break;
                    }
                }
            }
            printf("\n");
        }
        if (enregisterLocalVars && mode == LSRA_DUMP_POST)
        {
            dumpOutVarToRegMap(block);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    printf("\n\n");
}

void LinearScan::dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LsraDumpEvent event,
                                         Interval*     interval,
                                         regNumber     reg,
                                         BasicBlock*   currentBlock)
{
    if (!(VERBOSE))
    {
        return;
    }
    if ((interval != nullptr) && (reg != REG_NA) && (reg != REG_STK))
    {
        registersToDump |= genRegMask(reg);
        dumpRegRecordTitleIfNeeded();
    }

    switch (event)
    {
        // Conflicting def/use
        case LSRA_EVENT_DEFUSE_CONFLICT:
            dumpRefPositionShort(activeRefPosition, currentBlock);
            printf("DUconflict ");
            dumpRegRecords();
            break;
        case LSRA_EVENT_DEFUSE_CASE1:
            printf(indentFormat, "  Case #1 use defRegAssignment");
            dumpRegRecords();
            break;
        case LSRA_EVENT_DEFUSE_CASE2:
            printf(indentFormat, "  Case #2 use useRegAssignment");
            dumpRegRecords();
            break;
        case LSRA_EVENT_DEFUSE_CASE3:
            printf(indentFormat, "  Case #3 use useRegAssignment");
            dumpRegRecords();
            dumpRegRecords();
            break;
        case LSRA_EVENT_DEFUSE_CASE4:
            printf(indentFormat, "  Case #4 use defRegAssignment");
            dumpRegRecords();
            break;
        case LSRA_EVENT_DEFUSE_CASE5:
            printf(indentFormat, "  Case #5 set def to all regs");
            dumpRegRecords();
            break;
        case LSRA_EVENT_DEFUSE_CASE6:
            printf(indentFormat, "  Case #6 need a copy");
            dumpRegRecords();
            break;

        case LSRA_EVENT_SPILL:
            dumpRefPositionShort(activeRefPosition, currentBlock);
            assert(interval != nullptr && interval->assignedReg != nullptr);
            printf("Spill %-4s ", getRegName(interval->assignedReg->regNum));
            dumpRegRecords();
            break;

        // Restoring the previous register
        case LSRA_EVENT_RESTORE_PREVIOUS_INTERVAL_AFTER_SPILL:
            assert(interval != nullptr);
            dumpRefPositionShort(activeRefPosition, currentBlock);
            printf("SRstr %-4s ", getRegName(reg));
            dumpRegRecords();
            break;

        case LSRA_EVENT_RESTORE_PREVIOUS_INTERVAL:
            assert(interval != nullptr);
            if (activeRefPosition == nullptr)
            {
                printf(emptyRefPositionFormat, "");
            }
            else
            {
                dumpRefPositionShort(activeRefPosition, currentBlock);
            }
            printf("Restr %-4s ", getRegName(reg));
            dumpRegRecords();
            if (activeRefPosition != nullptr)
            {
                printf(emptyRefPositionFormat, "");
            }
            break;

        // Done with GC Kills
        case LSRA_EVENT_DONE_KILL_GC_REFS:
            printf(indentFormat, "  DoneKillGC ");
            break;

        // Block boundaries
        case LSRA_EVENT_START_BB:
            assert(currentBlock != nullptr);
            dumpRefPositionShort(activeRefPosition, currentBlock);
            break;

        // Allocation decisions
        case LSRA_EVENT_NEEDS_NEW_REG:
            dumpRefPositionShort(activeRefPosition, currentBlock);
            printf("Free  %-4s ", getRegName(reg));
            dumpRegRecords();
            break;

        case LSRA_EVENT_ZERO_REF:
            assert(interval != nullptr && interval->isLocalVar);
            dumpRefPositionShort(activeRefPosition, currentBlock);
            printf("NoRef      ");
            dumpRegRecords();
            break;

        case LSRA_EVENT_FIXED_REG:
        case LSRA_EVENT_EXP_USE:
        case LSRA_EVENT_KEPT_ALLOCATION:
            dumpRefPositionShort(activeRefPosition, currentBlock);
            printf("Keep  %-4s ", getRegName(reg));
            break;

        case LSRA_EVENT_COPY_REG:
            assert(interval != nullptr && interval->recentRefPosition != nullptr);
            dumpRefPositionShort(activeRefPosition, currentBlock);
            printf("Copy  %-4s ", getRegName(reg));
            break;

        case LSRA_EVENT_MOVE_REG:
            assert(interval != nullptr && interval->recentRefPosition != nullptr);
            dumpRefPositionShort(activeRefPosition, currentBlock);
            printf("Move  %-4s ", getRegName(reg));
            dumpRegRecords();
            break;

        case LSRA_EVENT_ALLOC_REG:
            dumpRefPositionShort(activeRefPosition, currentBlock);
            printf("Alloc %-4s ", getRegName(reg));
            break;

        case LSRA_EVENT_REUSE_REG:
            dumpRefPositionShort(activeRefPosition, currentBlock);
            printf("Reuse %-4s ", getRegName(reg));
            break;

        case LSRA_EVENT_ALLOC_SPILLED_REG:
            dumpRefPositionShort(activeRefPosition, currentBlock);
            printf("Steal %-4s ", getRegName(reg));
            break;

        case LSRA_EVENT_NO_ENTRY_REG_ALLOCATED:
            assert(interval != nullptr && interval->isLocalVar);
            dumpRefPositionShort(activeRefPosition, currentBlock);
            printf("LoRef      ");
            break;

        case LSRA_EVENT_NO_REG_ALLOCATED:
            dumpRefPositionShort(activeRefPosition, currentBlock);
            printf("NoReg      ");
            break;

        case LSRA_EVENT_RELOAD:
            dumpRefPositionShort(activeRefPosition, currentBlock);
            printf("ReLod %-4s ", getRegName(reg));
            dumpRegRecords();
            break;

        case LSRA_EVENT_SPECIAL_PUTARG:
            dumpRefPositionShort(activeRefPosition, currentBlock);
            printf("PtArg %-4s ", getRegName(reg));
            break;

        // We currently don't dump anything for these events.
        case LSRA_EVENT_DEFUSE_FIXED_DELAY_USE:
        case LSRA_EVENT_SPILL_EXTENDED_LIFETIME:
        case LSRA_EVENT_END_BB:
        case LSRA_EVENT_FREE_REGS:
        case LSRA_EVENT_INCREMENT_RANGE_END:
        case LSRA_EVENT_LAST_USE:
        case LSRA_EVENT_LAST_USE_DELAYED:
            break;

        default:
            unreached();
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// dumpRegRecordHeader: Dump the header for a column-based dump of the register state.
//
// Arguments:
//    None.
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Assumptions:
//    Reg names fit in 4 characters (minimum width of the columns)
//
// Notes:
//    In order to make the table as dense as possible (for ease of reading the dumps),
//    we determine the minimum regColumnWidth width required to represent:
//      regs, by name (e.g. eax or xmm0) - this is fixed at 4 characters.
//      intervals, as Vnn for lclVar intervals, or as I<num> for other intervals.
//    The table is indented by the amount needed for dumpRefPositionShort, which is
//    captured in shortRefPositionDumpWidth.
//
void LinearScan::dumpRegRecordHeader()
{
    printf("The following table has one or more rows for each RefPosition that is handled during allocation.\n"
           "The first column provides the basic information about the RefPosition, with its type (e.g. Def,\n"
           "Use, Fixd) followed by a '*' if it is a last use, and a 'D' if it is delayRegFree, and then the\n"
           "action taken during allocation (e.g. Alloc a new register, or Keep an existing one).\n"
           "The subsequent columns show the Interval occupying each register, if any, followed by 'a' if it is\n"
           "active, and 'i'if it is inactive.  Columns are only printed up to the last modifed register, which\n"
           "may increase during allocation, in which case additional columns will appear.  Registers which are\n"
           "not marked modified have ---- in their column.\n\n");

    // First, determine the width of each register column (which holds a reg name in the
    // header, and an interval name in each subsequent row).
    int intervalNumberWidth = (int)log10((double)intervals.size()) + 1;
    // The regColumnWidth includes the identifying character (I or V) and an 'i' or 'a' (inactive or active)
    regColumnWidth = intervalNumberWidth + 2;
    if (regColumnWidth < 4)
    {
        regColumnWidth = 4;
    }
    sprintf_s(intervalNameFormat, MAX_FORMAT_CHARS, "%%c%%-%dd", regColumnWidth - 2);
    sprintf_s(regNameFormat, MAX_FORMAT_CHARS, "%%-%ds", regColumnWidth);

    // Next, determine the width of the short RefPosition (see dumpRefPositionShort()).
    // This is in the form:
    // nnn.#mmm NAME TYPEld
    // Where:
    //    nnn is the Location, right-justified to the width needed for the highest location.
    //    mmm is the RefPosition rpNum, left-justified to the width needed for the highest rpNum.
    //    NAME is dumped by dumpReferentName(), and is "regColumnWidth".
    //    TYPE is RefTypeNameShort, and is 4 characters
    //    l is either '*' (if a last use) or ' ' (otherwise)
    //    d is either 'D' (if a delayed use) or ' ' (otherwise)

    maxNodeLocation = (maxNodeLocation == 0)
                          ? 1
                          : maxNodeLocation; // corner case of a method with an infinite loop without any gentree nodes
    assert(maxNodeLocation >= 1);
    assert(refPositions.size() >= 1);
    int nodeLocationWidth         = (int)log10((double)maxNodeLocation) + 1;
    int refPositionWidth          = (int)log10((double)refPositions.size()) + 1;
    int refTypeInfoWidth          = 4 /*TYPE*/ + 2 /* last-use and delayed */ + 1 /* space */;
    int locationAndRPNumWidth     = nodeLocationWidth + 2 /* .# */ + refPositionWidth + 1 /* space */;
    int shortRefPositionDumpWidth = locationAndRPNumWidth + regColumnWidth + 1 /* space */ + refTypeInfoWidth;
    sprintf_s(shortRefPositionFormat, MAX_FORMAT_CHARS, "%%%dd.#%%-%dd ", nodeLocationWidth, refPositionWidth);
    sprintf_s(emptyRefPositionFormat, MAX_FORMAT_CHARS, "%%-%ds", shortRefPositionDumpWidth);

    // The width of the "allocation info"
    //  - a 5-character allocation decision
    //  - a space
    //  - a 4-character register
    //  - a space
    int allocationInfoWidth = 5 + 1 + 4 + 1;

    // Next, determine the width of the legend for each row.  This includes:
    //  - a short RefPosition dump (shortRefPositionDumpWidth), which includes a space
    //  - the allocation info (allocationInfoWidth), which also includes a space

    regTableIndent = shortRefPositionDumpWidth + allocationInfoWidth;

    // BBnn printed left-justified in the NAME Typeld and allocationInfo space.
    int bbDumpWidth = regColumnWidth + 1 + refTypeInfoWidth + allocationInfoWidth;
    int bbNumWidth  = (int)log10((double)compiler->fgBBNumMax) + 1;
    // In the unlikely event that BB numbers overflow the space, we'll simply omit the predBB
    int predBBNumDumpSpace = regTableIndent - locationAndRPNumWidth - bbNumWidth - 9; // 'BB' + ' PredBB'
    if (predBBNumDumpSpace < bbNumWidth)
    {
        sprintf_s(bbRefPosFormat, MAX_LEGEND_FORMAT_CHARS, "BB%%-%dd", shortRefPositionDumpWidth - 2);
    }
    else
    {
        sprintf_s(bbRefPosFormat, MAX_LEGEND_FORMAT_CHARS, "BB%%-%dd PredBB%%-%dd", bbNumWidth, predBBNumDumpSpace);
    }

    if (compiler->shouldDumpASCIITrees())
    {
        columnSeparator = "|";
        line            = "-";
        leftBox         = "+";
        middleBox       = "+";
        rightBox        = "+";
    }
    else
    {
        columnSeparator = "\xe2\x94\x82";
        line            = "\xe2\x94\x80";
        leftBox         = "\xe2\x94\x9c";
        middleBox       = "\xe2\x94\xbc";
        rightBox        = "\xe2\x94\xa4";
    }
    sprintf_s(indentFormat, MAX_FORMAT_CHARS, "%%-%ds", regTableIndent);

    // Now, set up the legend format for the RefPosition info
    sprintf_s(legendFormat, MAX_LEGEND_FORMAT_CHARS, "%%-%d.%ds%%-%d.%ds%%-%ds%%s", nodeLocationWidth + 1,
              nodeLocationWidth + 1, refPositionWidth + 2, refPositionWidth + 2, regColumnWidth + 1);

    // Print a "title row" including the legend and the reg names.
    lastDumpedRegisters = RBM_NONE;
    dumpRegRecordTitleIfNeeded();
}

void LinearScan::dumpRegRecordTitleIfNeeded()
{
    if ((lastDumpedRegisters != registersToDump) || (rowCountSinceLastTitle > MAX_ROWS_BETWEEN_TITLES))
    {
        lastUsedRegNumIndex = 0;
        int lastRegNumIndex = compiler->compFloatingPointUsed ? REG_FP_LAST : REG_INT_LAST;
        for (int regNumIndex = 0; regNumIndex <= lastRegNumIndex; regNumIndex++)
        {
            if ((registersToDump & genRegMask((regNumber)regNumIndex)) != 0)
            {
                lastUsedRegNumIndex = regNumIndex;
            }
        }
        dumpRegRecordTitle();
        lastDumpedRegisters = registersToDump;
    }
}

void LinearScan::dumpRegRecordTitleLines()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < regTableIndent; i++)
    {
        printf("%s", line);
    }
    for (int regNumIndex = 0; regNumIndex <= lastUsedRegNumIndex; regNumIndex++)
    {
        regNumber regNum = (regNumber)regNumIndex;
        if (shouldDumpReg(regNum))
        {
            printf("%s", middleBox);
            for (int i = 0; i < regColumnWidth; i++)
            {
                printf("%s", line);
            }
        }
    }
    printf("%s\n", rightBox);
}
void LinearScan::dumpRegRecordTitle()
{
    dumpRegRecordTitleLines();

    // Print out the legend for the RefPosition info
    printf(legendFormat, "Loc ", "RP# ", "Name ", "Type  Action Reg  ");

    // Print out the register name column headers
    char columnFormatArray[MAX_FORMAT_CHARS];
    sprintf_s(columnFormatArray, MAX_FORMAT_CHARS, "%s%%-%d.%ds", columnSeparator, regColumnWidth, regColumnWidth);
    for (int regNumIndex = 0; regNumIndex <= lastUsedRegNumIndex; regNumIndex++)
    {
        regNumber regNum = (regNumber)regNumIndex;
        if (shouldDumpReg(regNum))
        {
            const char* regName = getRegName(regNum);
            printf(columnFormatArray, regName);
        }
    }
    printf("%s\n", columnSeparator);

    rowCountSinceLastTitle = 0;

    dumpRegRecordTitleLines();
}

void LinearScan::dumpRegRecords()
{
    static char columnFormatArray[18];

    for (int regNumIndex = 0; regNumIndex <= lastUsedRegNumIndex; regNumIndex++)
    {
        if (shouldDumpReg((regNumber)regNumIndex))
        {
            printf("%s", columnSeparator);
            RegRecord& regRecord = physRegs[regNumIndex];
            Interval*  interval  = regRecord.assignedInterval;
            if (interval != nullptr)
            {
                dumpIntervalName(interval);
                char activeChar = interval->isActive ? 'a' : 'i';
                printf("%c", activeChar);
            }
            else if (regRecord.isBusyUntilNextKill)
            {
                printf(columnFormatArray, "Busy");
            }
            else
            {
                sprintf_s(columnFormatArray, MAX_FORMAT_CHARS, "%%-%ds", regColumnWidth);
                printf(columnFormatArray, "");
            }
        }
    }
    printf("%s\n", columnSeparator);
    rowCountSinceLastTitle++;
}

void LinearScan::dumpIntervalName(Interval* interval)
{
    if (interval->isLocalVar)
    {
        printf(intervalNameFormat, 'V', interval->varNum);
    }
    else if (interval->isConstant)
    {
        printf(intervalNameFormat, 'C', interval->intervalIndex);
    }
    else
    {
        printf(intervalNameFormat, 'I', interval->intervalIndex);
    }
}

void LinearScan::dumpEmptyRefPosition()
{
    printf(emptyRefPositionFormat, "");
}

// Note that the size of this dump is computed in dumpRegRecordHeader().
//
void LinearScan::dumpRefPositionShort(RefPosition* refPosition, BasicBlock* currentBlock)
{
    BasicBlock*         block                  = currentBlock;
    static RefPosition* lastPrintedRefPosition = nullptr;
    if (refPosition == lastPrintedRefPosition)
    {
        dumpEmptyRefPosition();
        return;
    }
    lastPrintedRefPosition = refPosition;
    if (refPosition->refType == RefTypeBB)
    {
        // Always print a title row before a RefTypeBB (except for the first, because we
        // will already have printed it before the parameters)
        if (refPosition->refType == RefTypeBB && block != compiler->fgFirstBB && block != nullptr)
        {
            dumpRegRecordTitle();
        }
    }
    printf(shortRefPositionFormat, refPosition->nodeLocation, refPosition->rpNum);
    if (refPosition->refType == RefTypeBB)
    {
        if (block == nullptr)
        {
            printf(regNameFormat, "END");
            printf("               ");
            printf(regNameFormat, "");
        }
        else
        {
            printf(bbRefPosFormat, block->bbNum, block == compiler->fgFirstBB ? 0 : blockInfo[block->bbNum].predBBNum);
        }
    }
    else if (refPosition->isIntervalRef())
    {
        Interval* interval = refPosition->getInterval();
        dumpIntervalName(interval);
        char lastUseChar = ' ';
        char delayChar   = ' ';
        if (refPosition->lastUse)
        {
            lastUseChar = '*';
            if (refPosition->delayRegFree)
            {
                delayChar = 'D';
            }
        }
        printf("  %s%c%c ", getRefTypeShortName(refPosition->refType), lastUseChar, delayChar);
    }
    else if (refPosition->isPhysRegRef)
    {
        RegRecord* regRecord = refPosition->getReg();
        printf(regNameFormat, getRegName(regRecord->regNum));
        printf(" %s   ", getRefTypeShortName(refPosition->refType));
    }
    else
    {
        assert(refPosition->refType == RefTypeKillGCRefs);
        // There's no interval or reg name associated with this.
        printf(regNameFormat, "   ");
        printf(" %s   ", getRefTypeShortName(refPosition->refType));
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// LinearScan::IsResolutionMove:
//     Returns true if the given node is a move inserted by LSRA
//     resolution.
//
// Arguments:
//     node - the node to check.
//
bool LinearScan::IsResolutionMove(GenTree* node)
{
    if (!IsLsraAdded(node))
    {
        return false;
    }

    switch (node->OperGet())
    {
        case GT_LCL_VAR:
        case GT_COPY:
            return node->IsUnusedValue();

        case GT_SWAP:
            return true;

        default:
            return false;
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// LinearScan::IsResolutionNode:
//     Returns true if the given node is either a move inserted by LSRA
//     resolution or an operand to such a move.
//
// Arguments:
//     containingRange - the range that contains the node to check.
//     node - the node to check.
//
bool LinearScan::IsResolutionNode(LIR::Range& containingRange, GenTree* node)
{
    for (;;)
    {
        if (IsResolutionMove(node))
        {
            return true;
        }

        if (!IsLsraAdded(node) || (node->OperGet() != GT_LCL_VAR))
        {
            return false;
        }

        LIR::Use use;
        bool     foundUse = containingRange.TryGetUse(node, &use);
        assert(foundUse);

        node = use.User();
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// verifyFinalAllocation: Traverse the RefPositions and verify various invariants.
//
// Arguments:
//    None.
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Notes:
//    If verbose is set, this will also dump a table of the final allocations.
void LinearScan::verifyFinalAllocation()
{
    if (VERBOSE)
    {
        printf("\nFinal allocation\n");
    }

    // Clear register assignments.
    for (regNumber reg = REG_FIRST; reg < ACTUAL_REG_COUNT; reg = REG_NEXT(reg))
    {
        RegRecord* physRegRecord        = getRegisterRecord(reg);
        physRegRecord->assignedInterval = nullptr;
    }

    for (Interval& interval : intervals)
    {
        interval.assignedReg = nullptr;
        interval.physReg     = REG_NA;
    }

    DBEXEC(VERBOSE, dumpRegRecordTitle());

    BasicBlock*  currentBlock                = nullptr;
    GenTree*     firstBlockEndResolutionNode = nullptr;
    regMaskTP    regsToFree                  = RBM_NONE;
    regMaskTP    delayRegsToFree             = RBM_NONE;
    LsraLocation currentLocation             = MinLocation;
    for (RefPosition& refPosition : refPositions)
    {
        RefPosition* currentRefPosition = &refPosition;
        Interval*    interval           = nullptr;
        RegRecord*   regRecord          = nullptr;
        regNumber    regNum             = REG_NA;
        activeRefPosition               = currentRefPosition;

        if (currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeBB)
        {
            regsToFree |= delayRegsToFree;
            delayRegsToFree = RBM_NONE;
        }
        else
        {
            if (currentRefPosition->isPhysRegRef)
            {
                regRecord                    = currentRefPosition->getReg();
                regRecord->recentRefPosition = currentRefPosition;
                regNum                       = regRecord->regNum;
            }
            else if (currentRefPosition->isIntervalRef())
            {
                interval                    = currentRefPosition->getInterval();
                interval->recentRefPosition = currentRefPosition;
                if (currentRefPosition->registerAssignment != RBM_NONE)
                {
                    if (!genMaxOneBit(currentRefPosition->registerAssignment))
                    {
                        assert(currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeExpUse ||
                               currentRefPosition->refType == RefTypeDummyDef);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        regNum    = currentRefPosition->assignedReg();
                        regRecord = getRegisterRecord(regNum);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        LsraLocation newLocation = currentRefPosition->nodeLocation;

        if (newLocation > currentLocation)
        {
            // Free Registers.
            // We could use the freeRegisters() method, but we'd have to carefully manage the active intervals.
            for (regNumber reg = REG_FIRST; reg < ACTUAL_REG_COUNT; reg = REG_NEXT(reg))
            {
                regMaskTP regMask = genRegMask(reg);
                if ((regsToFree & regMask) != RBM_NONE)
                {
                    RegRecord* physRegRecord        = getRegisterRecord(reg);
                    physRegRecord->assignedInterval = nullptr;
                }
            }
            regsToFree = delayRegsToFree;
            regsToFree = RBM_NONE;
        }
        currentLocation = newLocation;

        switch (currentRefPosition->refType)
        {
            case RefTypeBB:
            {
                if (currentBlock == nullptr)
                {
                    currentBlock = startBlockSequence();
                }
                else
                {
                    // Verify the resolution moves at the end of the previous block.
                    for (GenTree* node = firstBlockEndResolutionNode; node != nullptr; node = node->gtNext)
                    {
                        assert(enregisterLocalVars);
                        // Only verify nodes that are actually moves; don't bother with the nodes that are
                        // operands to moves.
                        if (IsResolutionMove(node))
                        {
                            verifyResolutionMove(node, currentLocation);
                        }
                    }

                    // Validate the locations at the end of the previous block.
                    if (enregisterLocalVars)
                    {
                        VarToRegMap     outVarToRegMap = outVarToRegMaps[currentBlock->bbNum];
                        VarSetOps::Iter iter(compiler, currentBlock->bbLiveOut);
                        unsigned        varIndex = 0;
                        while (iter.NextElem(&varIndex))
                        {
                            if (localVarIntervals[varIndex] == nullptr)
                            {
                                assert(!compiler->lvaTable[compiler->lvaTrackedToVarNum[varIndex]].lvLRACandidate);
                                continue;
                            }
                            regNumber regNum = getVarReg(outVarToRegMap, varIndex);
                            interval         = getIntervalForLocalVar(varIndex);
                            assert(interval->physReg == regNum || (interval->physReg == REG_NA && regNum == REG_STK));
                            interval->physReg     = REG_NA;
                            interval->assignedReg = nullptr;
                            interval->isActive    = false;
                        }
                    }

                    // Clear register assignments.
                    for (regNumber reg = REG_FIRST; reg < ACTUAL_REG_COUNT; reg = REG_NEXT(reg))
                    {
                        RegRecord* physRegRecord        = getRegisterRecord(reg);
                        physRegRecord->assignedInterval = nullptr;
                    }

                    // Now, record the locations at the beginning of this block.
                    currentBlock = moveToNextBlock();
                }

                if (currentBlock != nullptr)
                {
                    if (enregisterLocalVars)
                    {
                        VarToRegMap     inVarToRegMap = inVarToRegMaps[currentBlock->bbNum];
                        VarSetOps::Iter iter(compiler, currentBlock->bbLiveIn);
                        unsigned        varIndex = 0;
                        while (iter.NextElem(&varIndex))
                        {
                            if (localVarIntervals[varIndex] == nullptr)
                            {
                                assert(!compiler->lvaTable[compiler->lvaTrackedToVarNum[varIndex]].lvLRACandidate);
                                continue;
                            }
                            regNumber regNum                  = getVarReg(inVarToRegMap, varIndex);
                            interval                          = getIntervalForLocalVar(varIndex);
                            interval->physReg                 = regNum;
                            interval->assignedReg             = &(physRegs[regNum]);
                            interval->isActive                = true;
                            physRegs[regNum].assignedInterval = interval;
                        }
                    }

                    if (VERBOSE)
                    {
                        dumpRefPositionShort(currentRefPosition, currentBlock);
                        dumpRegRecords();
                    }

                    // Finally, handle the resolution moves, if any, at the beginning of the next block.
                    firstBlockEndResolutionNode = nullptr;
                    bool foundNonResolutionNode = false;

                    LIR::Range& currentBlockRange = LIR::AsRange(currentBlock);
                    for (GenTree* node : currentBlockRange.NonPhiNodes())
                    {
                        if (IsResolutionNode(currentBlockRange, node))
                        {
                            assert(enregisterLocalVars);
                            if (foundNonResolutionNode)
                            {
                                firstBlockEndResolutionNode = node;
                                break;
                            }
                            else if (IsResolutionMove(node))
                            {
                                // Only verify nodes that are actually moves; don't bother with the nodes that are
                                // operands to moves.
                                verifyResolutionMove(node, currentLocation);
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            foundNonResolutionNode = true;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            break;

            case RefTypeKill:
                assert(regRecord != nullptr);
                assert(regRecord->assignedInterval == nullptr);
                dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_KEPT_ALLOCATION, nullptr, regRecord->regNum, currentBlock);
                break;
            case RefTypeFixedReg:
                assert(regRecord != nullptr);
                dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_KEPT_ALLOCATION, nullptr, regRecord->regNum, currentBlock);
                break;

            case RefTypeUpperVectorSaveDef:
            case RefTypeUpperVectorSaveUse:
            case RefTypeDef:
            case RefTypeUse:
            case RefTypeParamDef:
            case RefTypeZeroInit:
                assert(interval != nullptr);

                if (interval->isSpecialPutArg)
                {
                    dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_SPECIAL_PUTARG, interval, regNum);
                    break;
                }
                if (currentRefPosition->reload)
                {
                    interval->isActive = true;
                    assert(regNum != REG_NA);
                    interval->physReg           = regNum;
                    interval->assignedReg       = regRecord;
                    regRecord->assignedInterval = interval;
                    dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_RELOAD, nullptr, regRecord->regNum, currentBlock);
                }
                if (regNum == REG_NA)
                {
                    dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_NO_REG_ALLOCATED, interval);
                }
                else if (RefTypeIsDef(currentRefPosition->refType))
                {
                    interval->isActive = true;
                    if (VERBOSE)
                    {
                        if (interval->isConstant && (currentRefPosition->treeNode != nullptr) &&
                            currentRefPosition->treeNode->IsReuseRegVal())
                        {
                            dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_REUSE_REG, nullptr, regRecord->regNum, currentBlock);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_ALLOC_REG, nullptr, regRecord->regNum, currentBlock);
                        }
                    }
                }
                else if (currentRefPosition->copyReg)
                {
                    dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_COPY_REG, interval, regRecord->regNum, currentBlock);
                }
                else if (currentRefPosition->moveReg)
                {
                    assert(interval->assignedReg != nullptr);
                    interval->assignedReg->assignedInterval = nullptr;
                    interval->physReg                       = regNum;
                    interval->assignedReg                   = regRecord;
                    regRecord->assignedInterval             = interval;
                    if (VERBOSE)
                    {
                        printf("Move  %-4s ", getRegName(regRecord->regNum));
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    dumpLsraAllocationEvent(LSRA_EVENT_KEPT_ALLOCATION, nullptr, regRecord->regNum, currentBlock);
                }
                if (currentRefPosition->lastUse || currentRefPosition->spillAfter)
                {
                    interval->isActive = false;
                }
                if (regNum != REG_NA)
                {
                    if (currentRefPosition->spillAfter)
                    {
                        if (VERBOSE)
                        {
                            // If refPos is marked as copyReg, then the reg that is spilled
                            // is the homeReg of the interval not the reg currently assigned
                            // to refPos.
                            regNumber spillReg = regNum;
                            if (currentRefPosition->copyReg)
                            {
                                assert(interval != nullptr);
                                spillReg = interval->physReg;
                            }
                            dumpRegRecords();
                            dumpEmptyRefPosition();
                            printf("Spill %-4s ", getRegName(spillReg));
                        }
                    }
                    else if (currentRefPosition->copyReg)
                    {
                        regRecord->assignedInterval = interval;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        interval->physReg           = regNum;
                        interval->assignedReg       = regRecord;
                        regRecord->assignedInterval = interval;
                    }
                }
                break;
            case RefTypeKillGCRefs:
                // No action to take.
                // However, we will assert that, at resolution time, no registers contain GC refs.
                {
                    DBEXEC(VERBOSE, printf("           "));
                    regMaskTP candidateRegs = currentRefPosition->registerAssignment;
                    while (candidateRegs != RBM_NONE)
                    {
                        regMaskTP nextRegBit = genFindLowestBit(candidateRegs);
                        candidateRegs &= ~nextRegBit;
                        regNumber  nextReg          = genRegNumFromMask(nextRegBit);
                        RegRecord* regRecord        = getRegisterRecord(nextReg);
                        Interval*  assignedInterval = regRecord->assignedInterval;
                        assert(assignedInterval == nullptr || !varTypeIsGC(assignedInterval->registerType));
                    }
                }
                break;

            case RefTypeExpUse:
            case RefTypeDummyDef:
                // Do nothing; these will be handled by the RefTypeBB.
                DBEXEC(VERBOSE, printf("           "));
                break;

            case RefTypeInvalid:
                // for these 'currentRefPosition->refType' values, No action to take
                break;
        }

        if (currentRefPosition->refType != RefTypeBB)
        {
            DBEXEC(VERBOSE, dumpRegRecords());
            if (interval != nullptr)
            {
                if (currentRefPosition->copyReg)
                {
                    assert(interval->physReg != regNum);
                    regRecord->assignedInterval = nullptr;
                    assert(interval->assignedReg != nullptr);
                    regRecord = interval->assignedReg;
                }
                if (currentRefPosition->spillAfter || currentRefPosition->lastUse)
                {
                    interval->physReg     = REG_NA;
                    interval->assignedReg = nullptr;

                    // regRegcord could be null if the RefPosition does not require a register.
                    if (regRecord != nullptr)
                    {
                        regRecord->assignedInterval = nullptr;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        assert(!currentRefPosition->RequiresRegister());
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Now, verify the resolution blocks.
    // Currently these are nearly always at the end of the method, but that may not alwyas be the case.
    // So, we'll go through all the BBs looking for blocks whose bbNum is greater than bbNumMaxBeforeResolution.
    for (BasicBlock* currentBlock = compiler->fgFirstBB; currentBlock != nullptr; currentBlock = currentBlock->bbNext)
    {
        if (currentBlock->bbNum > bbNumMaxBeforeResolution)
        {
            // If we haven't enregistered an lclVars, we have no resolution blocks.
            assert(enregisterLocalVars);

            if (VERBOSE)
            {
                dumpRegRecordTitle();
                printf(shortRefPositionFormat, 0, 0);
                assert(currentBlock->bbPreds != nullptr && currentBlock->bbPreds->flBlock != nullptr);
                printf(bbRefPosFormat, currentBlock->bbNum, currentBlock->bbPreds->flBlock->bbNum);
                dumpRegRecords();
            }

            // Clear register assignments.
            for (regNumber reg = REG_FIRST; reg < ACTUAL_REG_COUNT; reg = REG_NEXT(reg))
            {
                RegRecord* physRegRecord        = getRegisterRecord(reg);
                physRegRecord->assignedInterval = nullptr;
            }

            // Set the incoming register assignments
            VarToRegMap     inVarToRegMap = getInVarToRegMap(currentBlock->bbNum);
            VarSetOps::Iter iter(compiler, currentBlock->bbLiveIn);
            unsigned        varIndex = 0;
            while (iter.NextElem(&varIndex))
            {
                if (localVarIntervals[varIndex] == nullptr)
                {
                    assert(!compiler->lvaTable[compiler->lvaTrackedToVarNum[varIndex]].lvLRACandidate);
                    continue;
                }
                regNumber regNum                  = getVarReg(inVarToRegMap, varIndex);
                Interval* interval                = getIntervalForLocalVar(varIndex);
                interval->physReg                 = regNum;
                interval->assignedReg             = &(physRegs[regNum]);
                interval->isActive                = true;
                physRegs[regNum].assignedInterval = interval;
            }

            // Verify the moves in this block
            LIR::Range& currentBlockRange = LIR::AsRange(currentBlock);
            for (GenTree* node : currentBlockRange.NonPhiNodes())
            {
                assert(IsResolutionNode(currentBlockRange, node));
                if (IsResolutionMove(node))
                {
                    // Only verify nodes that are actually moves; don't bother with the nodes that are
                    // operands to moves.
                    verifyResolutionMove(node, currentLocation);
                }
            }

            // Verify the outgoing register assignments
            {
                VarToRegMap     outVarToRegMap = getOutVarToRegMap(currentBlock->bbNum);
                VarSetOps::Iter iter(compiler, currentBlock->bbLiveOut);
                unsigned        varIndex = 0;
                while (iter.NextElem(&varIndex))
                {
                    if (localVarIntervals[varIndex] == nullptr)
                    {
                        assert(!compiler->lvaTable[compiler->lvaTrackedToVarNum[varIndex]].lvLRACandidate);
                        continue;
                    }
                    regNumber regNum   = getVarReg(outVarToRegMap, varIndex);
                    Interval* interval = getIntervalForLocalVar(varIndex);
                    assert(interval->physReg == regNum || (interval->physReg == REG_NA && regNum == REG_STK));
                    interval->physReg     = REG_NA;
                    interval->assignedReg = nullptr;
                    interval->isActive    = false;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    DBEXEC(VERBOSE, printf("\n"));
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// verifyResolutionMove: Verify a resolution statement.  Called by verifyFinalAllocation()
//
// Arguments:
//    resolutionMove    - A GenTree* that must be a resolution move.
//    currentLocation   - The LsraLocation of the most recent RefPosition that has been verified.
//
// Return Value:
//    None.
//
// Notes:
//    If verbose is set, this will also dump the moves into the table of final allocations.
void LinearScan::verifyResolutionMove(GenTree* resolutionMove, LsraLocation currentLocation)
{
    GenTree* dst = resolutionMove;
    assert(IsResolutionMove(dst));

    if (dst->OperGet() == GT_SWAP)
    {
        GenTreeLclVarCommon* left          = dst->gtGetOp1()->AsLclVarCommon();
        GenTreeLclVarCommon* right         = dst->gtGetOp2()->AsLclVarCommon();
        regNumber            leftRegNum    = left->gtRegNum;
        regNumber            rightRegNum   = right->gtRegNum;
        LclVarDsc*           leftVarDsc    = compiler->lvaTable + left->gtLclNum;
        LclVarDsc*           rightVarDsc   = compiler->lvaTable + right->gtLclNum;
        Interval*            leftInterval  = getIntervalForLocalVar(leftVarDsc->lvVarIndex);
        Interval*            rightInterval = getIntervalForLocalVar(rightVarDsc->lvVarIndex);
        assert(leftInterval->physReg == leftRegNum && rightInterval->physReg == rightRegNum);
        leftInterval->physReg                  = rightRegNum;
        rightInterval->physReg                 = leftRegNum;
        leftInterval->assignedReg              = &physRegs[rightRegNum];
        rightInterval->assignedReg             = &physRegs[leftRegNum];
        physRegs[rightRegNum].assignedInterval = leftInterval;
        physRegs[leftRegNum].assignedInterval  = rightInterval;
        if (VERBOSE)
        {
            printf(shortRefPositionFormat, currentLocation, 0);
            dumpIntervalName(leftInterval);
            printf("  Swap   ");
            printf("      %-4s ", getRegName(rightRegNum));
            dumpRegRecords();
            printf(shortRefPositionFormat, currentLocation, 0);
            dumpIntervalName(rightInterval);
            printf("  \"      ");
            printf("      %-4s ", getRegName(leftRegNum));
            dumpRegRecords();
        }
        return;
    }
    regNumber            dstRegNum = dst->gtRegNum;
    regNumber            srcRegNum;
    GenTreeLclVarCommon* lcl;
    if (dst->OperGet() == GT_COPY)
    {
        lcl       = dst->gtGetOp1()->AsLclVarCommon();
        srcRegNum = lcl->gtRegNum;
    }
    else
    {
        lcl = dst->AsLclVarCommon();
        if ((lcl->gtFlags & GTF_SPILLED) != 0)
        {
            srcRegNum = REG_STK;
        }
        else
        {
            assert((lcl->gtFlags & GTF_SPILL) != 0);
            srcRegNum = dstRegNum;
            dstRegNum = REG_STK;
        }
    }

    Interval* interval = getIntervalForLocalVarNode(lcl);
    assert(interval->physReg == srcRegNum || (srcRegNum == REG_STK && interval->physReg == REG_NA));
    if (srcRegNum != REG_STK)
    {
        physRegs[srcRegNum].assignedInterval = nullptr;
    }
    if (dstRegNum != REG_STK)
    {
        interval->physReg                    = dstRegNum;
        interval->assignedReg                = &(physRegs[dstRegNum]);
        physRegs[dstRegNum].assignedInterval = interval;
        interval->isActive                   = true;
    }
    else
    {
        interval->physReg     = REG_NA;
        interval->assignedReg = nullptr;
        interval->isActive    = false;
    }
    if (VERBOSE)
    {
        printf(shortRefPositionFormat, currentLocation, 0);
        dumpIntervalName(interval);
        printf("  Move   ");
        printf("      %-4s ", getRegName(dstRegNum));
        dumpRegRecords();
    }
}
#endif // DEBUG

#endif // !LEGACY_BACKEND