1 /* install - copy files and set attributes
2 Copyright (C) 89, 90, 91, 1995-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
16 Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
18 /* Written by David MacKenzie <djm@gnu.ai.mit.edu> */
23 #include <sys/types.h>
29 #include "backupfile.h"
35 #include "modechange.h"
36 #include "path-concat.h"
41 /* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix). */
42 #define PROGRAM_NAME "install"
44 #define AUTHORS "David MacKenzie"
47 # include <sys/wait.h>
50 struct passwd *getpwnam ();
51 struct group *getgrnam ();
53 #ifndef _POSIX_VERSION
59 # define endgrent() ((void) 0)
63 # define endpwent() ((void) 0)
66 /* Initial number of entries in each hash table entry's table of inodes. */
67 #define INITIAL_HASH_MODULE 100
69 /* Initial number of entries in the inode hash table. */
70 #define INITIAL_ENTRY_TAB_SIZE 70
72 /* Number of bytes of a file to copy at a time. */
73 #define READ_SIZE (32 * 1024)
75 static bool change_timestamps (const char *from, const char *to);
76 static bool change_attributes (const char *path);
77 static bool copy_file (const char *from, const char *to,
78 const struct cp_options *x);
79 static bool install_file_to_path (const char *from, const char *to,
80 const struct cp_options *x);
81 static bool install_file_in_dir (const char *from, const char *to_dir,
82 const struct cp_options *x);
83 static bool install_file_in_file (const char *from, const char *to,
84 const struct cp_options *x);
85 static void get_ids (void);
86 static void strip (const char *path);
87 void usage (int status);
89 /* The name this program was run with, for error messages. */
92 /* The user name that will own the files, or NULL to make the owner
93 the current user ID. */
94 static char *owner_name;
96 /* The user ID corresponding to `owner_name'. */
97 static uid_t owner_id;
99 /* The group name that will own the files, or NULL to make the group
100 the current group ID. */
101 static char *group_name;
103 /* The group ID corresponding to `group_name'. */
104 static gid_t group_id;
106 /* The permissions to which the files will be set. The umask has
108 static mode_t mode = S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH;
110 /* If true, strip executable files after copying them. */
111 static bool strip_files;
113 /* If true, install a directory instead of a regular file. */
116 static struct option const long_options[] =
118 {"backup", optional_argument, NULL, 'b'},
119 {"directory", no_argument, NULL, 'd'},
120 {"group", required_argument, NULL, 'g'},
121 {"mode", required_argument, NULL, 'm'},
122 {"no-target-directory", no_argument, NULL, 'T'},
123 {"owner", required_argument, NULL, 'o'},
124 {"preserve-timestamps", no_argument, NULL, 'p'},
125 {"strip", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
126 {"suffix", required_argument, NULL, 'S'},
127 {"target-directory", required_argument, NULL, 't'},
128 {"version-control", required_argument, NULL, 'V'}, /* Deprecated. FIXME. */
129 {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
130 {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
131 {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
136 cp_option_init (struct cp_options *x)
138 x->copy_as_regular = true;
139 x->dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
140 x->unlink_dest_before_opening = true;
141 x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open = false;
142 x->hard_link = false;
143 x->interactive = I_UNSPECIFIED;
144 x->move_mode = false;
145 x->myeuid = geteuid ();
146 x->one_file_system = false;
147 x->preserve_ownership = false;
148 x->preserve_links = false;
149 x->preserve_mode = false;
150 x->preserve_timestamps = false;
151 x->require_preserve = false;
152 x->recursive = false;
153 x->sparse_mode = SPARSE_AUTO;
154 x->symbolic_link = false;
155 x->backup_type = no_backups;
157 /* Create destination files initially writable so we can run strip on them.
158 Although GNU strip works fine on read-only files, some others
161 x->mode = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR;
162 x->stdin_tty = false;
171 /* FILE is the last operand of this command. Return true if FILE is a
172 directory. But report an error there is a problem accessing FILE,
173 or if FILE does not exist but would have to refer to an existing
174 directory if it referred to anything at all. */
177 target_directory_operand (char const *file)
179 char const *b = base_name (file);
180 size_t blen = strlen (b);
181 bool looks_like_a_dir = (blen == 0 || ISSLASH (b[blen - 1]));
183 int err = (stat (file, &st) == 0 ? 0 : errno);
184 bool is_a_dir = !err && S_ISDIR (st.st_mode);
185 if (err && err != ENOENT)
186 error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, _("accessing %s"), quote (file));
187 if (is_a_dir < looks_like_a_dir)
188 error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, _("target %s is not a directory"), quote (file));
193 main (int argc, char **argv)
197 const char *specified_mode = NULL;
198 bool make_backups = false;
199 char *backup_suffix_string;
200 char *version_control_string = NULL;
201 bool mkdir_and_install = false;
203 char const *target_directory = NULL;
204 bool no_target_directory = false;
208 initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
209 program_name = argv[0];
210 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
211 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
212 textdomain (PACKAGE);
214 atexit (close_stdout);
224 /* FIXME: consider not calling getenv for SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX unless
225 we'll actually use backup_suffix_string. */
226 backup_suffix_string = getenv ("SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX");
228 while ((optc = getopt_long (argc, argv, "bcsDdg:m:o:pt:TvV:S:", long_options,
233 case 'V': /* FIXME: this is deprecated. Remove it in 2001. */
235 _("warning: --version-control (-V) is obsolete; support for\
236 it\nwill be removed in some future release. Use --backup=%s instead."
243 version_control_string = optarg;
250 /* System V fork+wait does not work if SIGCHLD is ignored. */
251 signal (SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
258 mkdir_and_install = true;
267 specified_mode = optarg;
273 x.preserve_timestamps = true;
277 backup_suffix_string = optarg;
280 if (target_directory)
281 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
282 _("multiple target directories specified"));
286 if (stat (optarg, &st) != 0)
287 error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("accessing %s"), quote (optarg));
288 if (! S_ISDIR (st.st_mode))
289 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("target %s is not a directory"),
292 target_directory = optarg;
295 no_target_directory = true;
297 case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
298 case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);
300 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
304 /* Check for invalid combinations of arguments. */
305 if (dir_arg & strip_files)
306 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
307 _("the strip option may not be used when installing a directory"));
308 if (dir_arg && target_directory)
309 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
310 _("target directory not allowed when installing a directory"));
312 if (backup_suffix_string)
313 simple_backup_suffix = xstrdup (backup_suffix_string);
315 x.backup_type = (make_backups
316 ? xget_version (_("backup type"),
317 version_control_string)
320 n_files = argc - optind;
321 file = argv + optind;
323 if (n_files <= ! (dir_arg || target_directory))
326 error (0, 0, _("missing file operand"));
328 error (0, 0, _("missing destination file operand after %s"),
330 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
333 if (no_target_directory)
335 if (target_directory)
336 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
337 _("Cannot combine --target-directory (-t) "
338 "and --no-target-directory (-T)"));
341 error (0, 0, _("extra operand %s"), quote (file[2]));
342 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
345 else if (! (dir_arg || target_directory))
347 if (2 <= n_files && target_directory_operand (file[n_files - 1]))
348 target_directory = file[--n_files];
349 else if (2 < n_files)
350 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("target %s is not a directory"),
351 quote (file[n_files - 1]));
356 struct mode_change *change = mode_compile (specified_mode);
358 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid mode %s"), quote (specified_mode));
359 mode = mode_adjust (0, change, 0);
368 for (i = 0; i < n_files; i++)
371 make_path (file[i], mode, mode, owner_id, group_id, false,
372 (x.verbose ? _("creating directory %s") : NULL));
377 /* FIXME: it's a little gross that this initialization is
378 required by copy.c::copy. */
381 if (!target_directory)
383 if (mkdir_and_install)
384 ok = install_file_to_path (file[0], file[1], &x);
386 ok = install_file_in_file (file[0], file[1], &x);
392 for (i = 0; i < n_files; i++)
394 ok &= install_file_in_dir (file[i], target_directory, &x);
399 exit (ok ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
402 /* Copy file FROM onto file TO, creating any missing parent directories of TO.
403 Return true if successful. */
406 install_file_to_path (const char *from, const char *to,
407 const struct cp_options *x)
409 char *dest_dir = dir_name (to);
412 /* Make sure that the parent of the destination is a directory. */
413 if (! STREQ (dest_dir, "."))
415 /* Someone will probably ask for a new option or three to specify
416 owner, group, and permissions for parent directories. Remember
417 that this option is intended mainly to help installers when the
418 distribution doesn't provide proper install rules. */
419 #define DIR_MODE (S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH)
420 ok = make_path (dest_dir, DIR_MODE, DIR_MODE, owner_id, group_id, true,
421 (x->verbose ? _("creating directory %s") : NULL));
427 ok = install_file_in_file (from, to, x);
432 /* Copy file FROM onto file TO and give TO the appropriate
434 Return true if successful. */
437 install_file_in_file (const char *from, const char *to,
438 const struct cp_options *x)
440 if (! copy_file (from, to, x))
444 if (! change_attributes (to))
446 if (x->preserve_timestamps)
447 return change_timestamps (from, to);
451 /* Copy file FROM into directory TO_DIR, keeping its same name,
452 and give the copy the appropriate attributes.
453 Return true if successful. */
456 install_file_in_dir (const char *from, const char *to_dir,
457 const struct cp_options *x)
459 const char *from_base = base_name (from);
460 char *to = path_concat (to_dir, from_base, NULL);
461 bool ret = install_file_in_file (from, to, x);
466 /* Copy file FROM onto file TO, creating TO if necessary.
467 Return true if successful. */
470 copy_file (const char *from, const char *to, const struct cp_options *x)
474 /* Allow installing from non-regular files like /dev/null.
475 Charles Karney reported that some Sun version of install allows that
476 and that sendmail's installation process relies on the behavior.
477 However, since !x->recursive, the call to "copy" will fail if FROM
480 return copy (from, to, false, x, ©_into_self, NULL);
483 /* Set the attributes of file or directory PATH.
484 Return true if successful. */
487 change_attributes (const char *path)
491 /* chown must precede chmod because on some systems,
492 chown clears the set[ug]id bits for non-superusers,
493 resulting in incorrect permissions.
494 On System V, users can give away files with chown and then not
495 be able to chmod them. So don't give files away.
497 We don't normally ignore errors from chown because the idea of
498 the install command is that the file is supposed to end up with
499 precisely the attributes that the user specified (or defaulted).
500 If the file doesn't end up with the group they asked for, they'll
501 want to know. But AFS returns EPERM when you try to change a
502 file's group; thus the kludge. */
504 if (chown (path, owner_id, group_id)
510 error (0, errno, _("cannot change ownership of %s"), quote (path));
514 if (ok && chmod (path, mode))
516 error (0, errno, _("cannot change permissions of %s"), quote (path));
523 /* Set the timestamps of file TO to match those of file FROM.
524 Return true if successful. */
527 change_timestamps (const char *from, const char *to)
530 struct timespec timespec[2];
532 if (stat (from, &stb))
534 error (0, errno, _("cannot obtain time stamps for %s"), quote (from));
538 timespec[0].tv_sec = stb.st_atime;
539 timespec[0].tv_nsec = TIMESPEC_NS (stb.st_atim);
540 timespec[1].tv_sec = stb.st_mtime;
541 timespec[1].tv_nsec = TIMESPEC_NS (stb.st_mtim);
542 if (utimens (to, timespec))
544 error (0, errno, _("cannot set time stamps for %s"), quote (to));
550 /* Strip the symbol table from the file PATH.
551 We could dig the magic number out of the file first to
552 determine whether to strip it, but the header files and
553 magic numbers vary so much from system to system that making
554 it portable would be very difficult. Not worth the effort. */
557 strip (const char *path)
565 error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("fork system call failed"));
568 execlp ("strip", "strip", path, NULL);
569 error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("cannot run strip"));
571 default: /* Parent. */
572 /* Parent process. */
573 while (pid != wait (&status)) /* Wait for kid to finish. */
576 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("strip failed"));
581 /* Initialize the user and group ownership of the files to install. */
591 pw = getpwnam (owner_name);
594 unsigned long int tmp;
595 if (xstrtoul (owner_name, NULL, 0, &tmp, NULL) != LONGINT_OK
597 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid user %s"), quote (owner_name));
601 owner_id = pw->pw_uid;
605 owner_id = (uid_t) -1;
609 gr = getgrnam (group_name);
612 unsigned long int tmp;
613 if (xstrtoul (group_name, NULL, 0, &tmp, NULL) != LONGINT_OK
615 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid group %s"), quote (group_name));
619 group_id = gr->gr_gid;
623 group_id = (gid_t) -1;
629 if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
630 fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
635 Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST\n\
636 or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY\n\
637 or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...\n\
638 or: %s [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY...\n\
640 program_name, program_name, program_name, program_name);
642 In the first three forms, copy SOURCE to DEST or multiple SOURCE(s) to\n\
643 the existing DIRECTORY, while setting permission modes and owner/group.\n\
644 In the 4th form, create all components of the given DIRECTORY(ies).\n\
648 Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.\n\
651 --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file\n\
652 -b like --backup but does not accept an argument\n\
654 -d, --directory treat all arguments as directory names; create all\n\
655 components of the specified directories\n\
658 -D create all leading components of DEST except the last,\n\
659 then copy SOURCE to DEST\n\
660 -g, --group=GROUP set group ownership, instead of process' current group\n\
661 -m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x\n\
662 -o, --owner=OWNER set ownership (super-user only)\n\
665 -p, --preserve-timestamps apply access/modification times of SOURCE files\n\
666 to corresponding destination files\n\
667 -s, --strip strip symbol tables\n\
668 -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix\n\
669 -t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY\n\
670 -T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file\n\
671 -v, --verbose print the name of each directory as it is created\n\
673 fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
674 fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
677 The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.\n\
678 The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through\n\
679 the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:\n\
683 none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)\n\
684 numbered, t make numbered backups\n\
685 existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise\n\
686 simple, never always make simple backups\n\
688 printf (_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);