1 /* install - copy files and set attributes
2 Copyright (C) 89, 90, 91, 1995-2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
16 Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. */
18 /* Written by David MacKenzie <djm@gnu.ai.mit.edu> */
23 #include <sys/types.h>
29 #include "backupfile.h"
34 #include "filenamecat.h"
35 #include "mkancesdirs.h"
37 #include "modechange.h"
39 #include "stat-time.h"
43 /* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix). */
44 #define PROGRAM_NAME "install"
46 #define AUTHORS "David MacKenzie"
49 # include <sys/wait.h>
53 # define endgrent() ((void) 0)
57 # define endpwent() ((void) 0)
60 /* Initial number of entries in each hash table entry's table of inodes. */
61 #define INITIAL_HASH_MODULE 100
63 /* Initial number of entries in the inode hash table. */
64 #define INITIAL_ENTRY_TAB_SIZE 70
66 /* Number of bytes of a file to copy at a time. */
67 #define READ_SIZE (32 * 1024)
69 static bool change_timestamps (struct stat const *from_sb, char const *to);
70 static bool change_attributes (char const *name);
71 static bool copy_file (const char *from, const char *to,
72 const struct cp_options *x);
73 static bool install_file_in_file_parents (char const *from, char *to,
74 struct cp_options *x);
75 static bool install_file_in_dir (const char *from, const char *to_dir,
76 const struct cp_options *x);
77 static bool install_file_in_file (const char *from, const char *to,
78 const struct cp_options *x);
79 static void get_ids (void);
80 static void strip (char const *name);
81 static void announce_mkdir (char const *dir, void *options);
82 static int make_ancestor (char const *dir, void *options);
83 void usage (int status);
85 /* The name this program was run with, for error messages. */
88 /* The user name that will own the files, or NULL to make the owner
89 the current user ID. */
90 static char *owner_name;
92 /* The user ID corresponding to `owner_name'. */
93 static uid_t owner_id;
95 /* The group name that will own the files, or NULL to make the group
96 the current group ID. */
97 static char *group_name;
99 /* The group ID corresponding to `group_name'. */
100 static gid_t group_id;
102 #define DEFAULT_MODE (S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH)
104 /* The file mode bits to which non-directory files will be set. The umask has
106 static mode_t mode = DEFAULT_MODE;
108 /* Similar, but for directories. */
109 static mode_t dir_mode = DEFAULT_MODE;
111 /* The file mode bits that the user cares about. This should be a
112 superset of DIR_MODE and a subset of CHMOD_MODE_BITS. This matters
113 for directories, since otherwise directories may keep their S_ISUID
115 static mode_t dir_mode_bits = CHMOD_MODE_BITS;
117 /* If true, strip executable files after copying them. */
118 static bool strip_files;
120 /* If true, install a directory instead of a regular file. */
123 static struct option const long_options[] =
125 {"backup", optional_argument, NULL, 'b'},
126 {"directory", no_argument, NULL, 'd'},
127 {"group", required_argument, NULL, 'g'},
128 {"mode", required_argument, NULL, 'm'},
129 {"no-target-directory", no_argument, NULL, 'T'},
130 {"owner", required_argument, NULL, 'o'},
131 {"preserve-timestamps", no_argument, NULL, 'p'},
132 {"strip", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
133 {"suffix", required_argument, NULL, 'S'},
134 {"target-directory", required_argument, NULL, 't'},
135 {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
136 {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
137 {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
142 cp_option_init (struct cp_options *x)
144 x->copy_as_regular = true;
145 x->dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
146 x->unlink_dest_before_opening = true;
147 x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open = false;
148 x->hard_link = false;
149 x->interactive = I_UNSPECIFIED;
150 x->move_mode = false;
151 x->chown_privileges = chown_privileges ();
152 x->one_file_system = false;
153 x->preserve_ownership = false;
154 x->preserve_links = false;
155 x->preserve_mode = false;
156 x->preserve_timestamps = false;
157 x->require_preserve = false;
158 x->recursive = false;
159 x->sparse_mode = SPARSE_AUTO;
160 x->symbolic_link = false;
161 x->backup_type = no_backups;
163 /* Create destination files initially writable so we can run strip on them.
164 Although GNU strip works fine on read-only files, some others
167 x->mode = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR;
168 x->stdin_tty = false;
176 /* FILE is the last operand of this command. Return true if FILE is a
177 directory. But report an error there is a problem accessing FILE,
178 or if FILE does not exist but would have to refer to an existing
179 directory if it referred to anything at all. */
182 target_directory_operand (char const *file)
184 char const *b = last_component (file);
185 size_t blen = strlen (b);
186 bool looks_like_a_dir = (blen == 0 || ISSLASH (b[blen - 1]));
188 int err = (stat (file, &st) == 0 ? 0 : errno);
189 bool is_a_dir = !err && S_ISDIR (st.st_mode);
190 if (err && err != ENOENT)
191 error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, _("accessing %s"), quote (file));
192 if (is_a_dir < looks_like_a_dir)
193 error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, _("target %s is not a directory"), quote (file));
198 main (int argc, char **argv)
202 const char *specified_mode = NULL;
203 bool make_backups = false;
204 char *backup_suffix_string;
205 char *version_control_string = NULL;
206 bool mkdir_and_install = false;
208 char const *target_directory = NULL;
209 bool no_target_directory = false;
213 initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
214 program_name = argv[0];
215 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
216 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
217 textdomain (PACKAGE);
219 atexit (close_stdout);
229 /* FIXME: consider not calling getenv for SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX unless
230 we'll actually use backup_suffix_string. */
231 backup_suffix_string = getenv ("SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX");
233 while ((optc = getopt_long (argc, argv, "bcsDdg:m:o:pt:TvS:", long_options,
241 version_control_string = optarg;
248 /* System V fork+wait does not work if SIGCHLD is ignored. */
249 signal (SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
256 mkdir_and_install = true;
265 specified_mode = optarg;
271 x.preserve_timestamps = true;
275 backup_suffix_string = optarg;
278 if (target_directory)
279 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
280 _("multiple target directories specified"));
284 if (stat (optarg, &st) != 0)
285 error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("accessing %s"), quote (optarg));
286 if (! S_ISDIR (st.st_mode))
287 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("target %s is not a directory"),
290 target_directory = optarg;
293 no_target_directory = true;
295 case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
296 case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);
298 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
302 /* Check for invalid combinations of arguments. */
303 if (dir_arg & strip_files)
304 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
305 _("the strip option may not be used when installing a directory"));
306 if (dir_arg && target_directory)
307 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
308 _("target directory not allowed when installing a directory"));
310 if (backup_suffix_string)
311 simple_backup_suffix = xstrdup (backup_suffix_string);
313 x.backup_type = (make_backups
314 ? xget_version (_("backup type"),
315 version_control_string)
318 n_files = argc - optind;
319 file = argv + optind;
321 if (n_files <= ! (dir_arg || target_directory))
324 error (0, 0, _("missing file operand"));
326 error (0, 0, _("missing destination file operand after %s"),
328 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
331 if (no_target_directory)
333 if (target_directory)
334 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
335 _("Cannot combine --target-directory (-t) "
336 "and --no-target-directory (-T)"));
339 error (0, 0, _("extra operand %s"), quote (file[2]));
340 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
343 else if (! (dir_arg || target_directory))
345 if (2 <= n_files && target_directory_operand (file[n_files - 1]))
346 target_directory = file[--n_files];
347 else if (2 < n_files)
348 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("target %s is not a directory"),
349 quote (file[n_files - 1]));
354 struct mode_change *change = mode_compile (specified_mode);
356 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid mode %s"), quote (specified_mode));
357 mode = mode_adjust (0, false, 0, change, NULL);
358 dir_mode = mode_adjust (0, true, 0, change, &dir_mode_bits);
367 for (i = 0; i < n_files; i++)
368 ok &= make_dir_parents (file[i], make_ancestor, &x,
369 dir_mode, announce_mkdir,
370 dir_mode_bits, owner_id, group_id, false);
374 /* FIXME: it's a little gross that this initialization is
375 required by copy.c::copy. */
378 if (!target_directory)
380 if (mkdir_and_install)
381 ok = install_file_in_file_parents (file[0], file[1], &x);
383 ok = install_file_in_file (file[0], file[1], &x);
389 for (i = 0; i < n_files; i++)
391 ok &= install_file_in_dir (file[i], target_directory, &x);
396 exit (ok ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
399 /* Copy file FROM onto file TO, creating any missing parent directories of TO.
400 Return true if successful. */
403 install_file_in_file_parents (char const *from, char *to,
404 struct cp_options *x)
406 if (mkancesdirs (to, make_ancestor, x) != 0)
408 error (0, errno, _("cannot create directory %s"), to);
412 return install_file_in_file (from, to, x);
415 /* Copy file FROM onto file TO and give TO the appropriate
417 Return true if successful. */
420 install_file_in_file (const char *from, const char *to,
421 const struct cp_options *x)
424 if (x->preserve_timestamps && stat (from, &from_sb) != 0)
426 error (0, errno, _("cannot stat %s"), quote (from));
429 if (! copy_file (from, to, x))
433 if (! change_attributes (to))
435 if (x->preserve_timestamps && (strip_files || ! S_ISREG (from_sb.st_mode)))
436 return change_timestamps (&from_sb, to);
440 /* Copy file FROM into directory TO_DIR, keeping its same name,
441 and give the copy the appropriate attributes.
442 Return true if successful. */
445 install_file_in_dir (const char *from, const char *to_dir,
446 const struct cp_options *x)
448 const char *from_base = last_component (from);
449 char *to = file_name_concat (to_dir, from_base, NULL);
450 bool ret = install_file_in_file (from, to, x);
455 /* Copy file FROM onto file TO, creating TO if necessary.
456 Return true if successful. */
459 copy_file (const char *from, const char *to, const struct cp_options *x)
463 /* Allow installing from non-regular files like /dev/null.
464 Charles Karney reported that some Sun version of install allows that
465 and that sendmail's installation process relies on the behavior.
466 However, since !x->recursive, the call to "copy" will fail if FROM
469 return copy (from, to, false, x, ©_into_self, NULL);
472 /* Set the attributes of file or directory NAME.
473 Return true if successful. */
476 change_attributes (char const *name)
478 /* chown must precede chmod because on some systems,
479 chown clears the set[ug]id bits for non-superusers,
480 resulting in incorrect permissions.
481 On System V, users can give away files with chown and then not
482 be able to chmod them. So don't give files away.
484 We don't normally ignore errors from chown because the idea of
485 the install command is that the file is supposed to end up with
486 precisely the attributes that the user specified (or defaulted).
487 If the file doesn't end up with the group they asked for, they'll
490 if (! (owner_id == (uid_t) -1 && group_id == (gid_t) -1)
491 && chown (name, owner_id, group_id) != 0)
492 error (0, errno, _("cannot change ownership of %s"), quote (name));
493 else if (chmod (name, mode) != 0)
494 error (0, errno, _("cannot change permissions of %s"), quote (name));
501 /* Set the timestamps of file TO to match those of file FROM.
502 Return true if successful. */
505 change_timestamps (struct stat const *from_sb, char const *to)
507 struct timespec timespec[2];
508 timespec[0] = get_stat_atime (from_sb);
509 timespec[1] = get_stat_mtime (from_sb);
511 if (utimens (to, timespec))
513 error (0, errno, _("cannot set time stamps for %s"), quote (to));
519 /* Strip the symbol table from the file NAME.
520 We could dig the magic number out of the file first to
521 determine whether to strip it, but the header files and
522 magic numbers vary so much from system to system that making
523 it portable would be very difficult. Not worth the effort. */
526 strip (char const *name)
534 error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("fork system call failed"));
537 execlp ("strip", "strip", name, NULL);
538 error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("cannot run strip"));
540 default: /* Parent. */
541 /* Parent process. */
542 while (pid != wait (&status)) /* Wait for kid to finish. */
545 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("strip failed"));
550 /* Initialize the user and group ownership of the files to install. */
560 pw = getpwnam (owner_name);
563 unsigned long int tmp;
564 if (xstrtoul (owner_name, NULL, 0, &tmp, NULL) != LONGINT_OK
566 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid user %s"), quote (owner_name));
570 owner_id = pw->pw_uid;
574 owner_id = (uid_t) -1;
578 gr = getgrnam (group_name);
581 unsigned long int tmp;
582 if (xstrtoul (group_name, NULL, 0, &tmp, NULL) != LONGINT_OK
584 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid group %s"), quote (group_name));
588 group_id = gr->gr_gid;
592 group_id = (gid_t) -1;
595 /* Report that directory DIR was made, if OPTIONS requests this. */
597 announce_mkdir (char const *dir, void *options)
599 struct cp_options const *x = options;
601 error (0, 0, _("creating directory %s"), quote (dir));
604 /* Make ancestor directory DIR, with options OPTIONS. */
606 make_ancestor (char const *dir, void *options)
608 int r = mkdir (dir, DEFAULT_MODE);
610 announce_mkdir (dir, options);
617 if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
618 fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
623 Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST\n\
624 or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY\n\
625 or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...\n\
626 or: %s [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY...\n\
628 program_name, program_name, program_name, program_name);
630 In the first three forms, copy SOURCE to DEST or multiple SOURCE(s) to\n\
631 the existing DIRECTORY, while setting permission modes and owner/group.\n\
632 In the 4th form, create all components of the given DIRECTORY(ies).\n\
636 Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.\n\
639 --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file\n\
640 -b like --backup but does not accept an argument\n\
642 -d, --directory treat all arguments as directory names; create all\n\
643 components of the specified directories\n\
646 -D create all leading components of DEST except the last,\n\
647 then copy SOURCE to DEST\n\
648 -g, --group=GROUP set group ownership, instead of process' current group\n\
649 -m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x\n\
650 -o, --owner=OWNER set ownership (super-user only)\n\
653 -p, --preserve-timestamps apply access/modification times of SOURCE files\n\
654 to corresponding destination files\n\
655 -s, --strip strip symbol tables\n\
656 -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix\n\
657 -t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY\n\
658 -T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file\n\
659 -v, --verbose print the name of each directory as it is created\n\
661 fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
662 fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
665 The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.\n\
666 The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through\n\
667 the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:\n\
671 none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)\n\
672 numbered, t make numbered backups\n\
673 existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise\n\
674 simple, never always make simple backups\n\
676 printf (_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);