1 /* install - copy files and set attributes
2 Copyright (C) 89, 90, 91, 1995-2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
16 Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. */
18 /* Written by David MacKenzie <djm@gnu.ai.mit.edu> */
23 #include <sys/types.h>
29 #include "backupfile.h"
34 #include "filenamecat.h"
36 #include "modechange.h"
41 /* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix). */
42 #define PROGRAM_NAME "install"
44 #define AUTHORS "David MacKenzie"
47 # include <sys/wait.h>
51 # define endgrent() ((void) 0)
55 # define endpwent() ((void) 0)
58 /* Initial number of entries in each hash table entry's table of inodes. */
59 #define INITIAL_HASH_MODULE 100
61 /* Initial number of entries in the inode hash table. */
62 #define INITIAL_ENTRY_TAB_SIZE 70
64 /* Number of bytes of a file to copy at a time. */
65 #define READ_SIZE (32 * 1024)
67 static bool change_timestamps (const char *from, const char *to);
68 static bool change_attributes (char const *name);
69 static bool copy_file (const char *from, const char *to,
70 const struct cp_options *x);
71 static bool install_file_in_file_parents (char const *from, char const *to,
72 struct cp_options const *x);
73 static bool install_file_in_dir (const char *from, const char *to_dir,
74 const struct cp_options *x);
75 static bool install_file_in_file (const char *from, const char *to,
76 const struct cp_options *x);
77 static void get_ids (void);
78 static void strip (char const *name);
79 void usage (int status);
81 /* The name this program was run with, for error messages. */
84 /* The user name that will own the files, or NULL to make the owner
85 the current user ID. */
86 static char *owner_name;
88 /* The user ID corresponding to `owner_name'. */
89 static uid_t owner_id;
91 /* The group name that will own the files, or NULL to make the group
92 the current group ID. */
93 static char *group_name;
95 /* The group ID corresponding to `group_name'. */
96 static gid_t group_id;
98 /* The permissions to which the files will be set. The umask has
100 static mode_t mode = S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH;
102 /* If true, strip executable files after copying them. */
103 static bool strip_files;
105 /* If true, install a directory instead of a regular file. */
108 static struct option const long_options[] =
110 {"backup", optional_argument, NULL, 'b'},
111 {"directory", no_argument, NULL, 'd'},
112 {"group", required_argument, NULL, 'g'},
113 {"mode", required_argument, NULL, 'm'},
114 {"no-target-directory", no_argument, NULL, 'T'},
115 {"owner", required_argument, NULL, 'o'},
116 {"preserve-timestamps", no_argument, NULL, 'p'},
117 {"strip", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
118 {"suffix", required_argument, NULL, 'S'},
119 {"target-directory", required_argument, NULL, 't'},
120 {"version-control", required_argument, NULL, 'V'}, /* Deprecated. FIXME. */
121 {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
122 {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
123 {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
128 cp_option_init (struct cp_options *x)
130 x->copy_as_regular = true;
131 x->dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
132 x->unlink_dest_before_opening = true;
133 x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open = false;
134 x->hard_link = false;
135 x->interactive = I_UNSPECIFIED;
136 x->move_mode = false;
137 x->chown_privileges = chown_privileges ();
138 x->one_file_system = false;
139 x->preserve_ownership = false;
140 x->preserve_links = false;
141 x->preserve_mode = false;
142 x->preserve_timestamps = false;
143 x->require_preserve = false;
144 x->recursive = false;
145 x->sparse_mode = SPARSE_AUTO;
146 x->symbolic_link = false;
147 x->backup_type = no_backups;
149 /* Create destination files initially writable so we can run strip on them.
150 Although GNU strip works fine on read-only files, some others
153 x->mode = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR;
154 x->stdin_tty = false;
163 /* FILE is the last operand of this command. Return true if FILE is a
164 directory. But report an error there is a problem accessing FILE,
165 or if FILE does not exist but would have to refer to an existing
166 directory if it referred to anything at all. */
169 target_directory_operand (char const *file)
171 char const *b = base_name (file);
172 size_t blen = strlen (b);
173 bool looks_like_a_dir = (blen == 0 || ISSLASH (b[blen - 1]));
175 int err = (stat (file, &st) == 0 ? 0 : errno);
176 bool is_a_dir = !err && S_ISDIR (st.st_mode);
177 if (err && err != ENOENT)
178 error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, _("accessing %s"), quote (file));
179 if (is_a_dir < looks_like_a_dir)
180 error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, _("target %s is not a directory"), quote (file));
185 main (int argc, char **argv)
189 const char *specified_mode = NULL;
190 bool make_backups = false;
191 char *backup_suffix_string;
192 char *version_control_string = NULL;
193 bool mkdir_and_install = false;
195 char const *target_directory = NULL;
196 bool no_target_directory = false;
200 initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
201 program_name = argv[0];
202 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
203 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
204 textdomain (PACKAGE);
206 atexit (close_stdout);
216 /* FIXME: consider not calling getenv for SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX unless
217 we'll actually use backup_suffix_string. */
218 backup_suffix_string = getenv ("SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX");
220 while ((optc = getopt_long (argc, argv, "bcsDdg:m:o:pt:TvV:S:", long_options,
225 case 'V': /* FIXME: this is deprecated. Remove it in 2001. */
227 _("warning: --version-control (-V) is obsolete; support for\
228 it\nwill be removed in some future release. Use --backup=%s instead."
235 version_control_string = optarg;
242 /* System V fork+wait does not work if SIGCHLD is ignored. */
243 signal (SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
250 mkdir_and_install = true;
259 specified_mode = optarg;
265 x.preserve_timestamps = true;
269 backup_suffix_string = optarg;
272 if (target_directory)
273 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
274 _("multiple target directories specified"));
278 if (stat (optarg, &st) != 0)
279 error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("accessing %s"), quote (optarg));
280 if (! S_ISDIR (st.st_mode))
281 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("target %s is not a directory"),
284 target_directory = optarg;
287 no_target_directory = true;
289 case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
290 case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);
292 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
296 /* Check for invalid combinations of arguments. */
297 if (dir_arg & strip_files)
298 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
299 _("the strip option may not be used when installing a directory"));
300 if (dir_arg && target_directory)
301 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
302 _("target directory not allowed when installing a directory"));
304 if (backup_suffix_string)
305 simple_backup_suffix = xstrdup (backup_suffix_string);
307 x.backup_type = (make_backups
308 ? xget_version (_("backup type"),
309 version_control_string)
312 n_files = argc - optind;
313 file = argv + optind;
315 if (n_files <= ! (dir_arg || target_directory))
318 error (0, 0, _("missing file operand"));
320 error (0, 0, _("missing destination file operand after %s"),
322 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
325 if (no_target_directory)
327 if (target_directory)
328 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
329 _("Cannot combine --target-directory (-t) "
330 "and --no-target-directory (-T)"));
333 error (0, 0, _("extra operand %s"), quote (file[2]));
334 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
337 else if (! (dir_arg || target_directory))
339 if (2 <= n_files && target_directory_operand (file[n_files - 1]))
340 target_directory = file[--n_files];
341 else if (2 < n_files)
342 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("target %s is not a directory"),
343 quote (file[n_files - 1]));
348 struct mode_change *change = mode_compile (specified_mode);
350 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid mode %s"), quote (specified_mode));
351 mode = mode_adjust (0, change, 0);
360 bool cwd_not_restored = false;
361 for (i = 0; i < n_files; i++)
363 if (cwd_not_restored && IS_RELATIVE_FILE_NAME (argv[optind]))
366 _("unable to create relative-named directory, %s,"
367 " due to prior failure to return to working directory"),
368 quote (argv[optind]));
374 make_dir_parents (file[i], mode, mode, owner_id, group_id, false,
375 (x.verbose ? _("creating directory %s") : NULL),
381 /* FIXME: it's a little gross that this initialization is
382 required by copy.c::copy. */
385 if (!target_directory)
387 if (mkdir_and_install)
388 ok = install_file_in_file_parents (file[0], file[1], &x);
390 ok = install_file_in_file (file[0], file[1], &x);
396 for (i = 0; i < n_files; i++)
398 ok &= install_file_in_dir (file[i], target_directory, &x);
403 exit (ok ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
406 /* Copy file FROM onto file TO, creating any missing parent directories of TO.
407 Return true if successful. */
410 install_file_in_file_parents (char const *from, char const *to,
411 struct cp_options const *x)
413 char *dest_dir = dir_name (to);
416 /* Make sure that the parent of the destination is a directory. */
417 if (! STREQ (dest_dir, "."))
419 /* Someone will probably ask for a new option or three to specify
420 owner, group, and permissions for parent directories. Remember
421 that this option is intended mainly to help installers when the
422 distribution doesn't provide proper install rules. */
423 mode_t dir_mode = S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH;
425 ok = make_dir_parents (dest_dir, dir_mode, dir_mode,
426 owner_id, group_id, true,
427 (x->verbose ? _("creating directory %s") : NULL),
429 /* Ignore different_cwd, since this function is called at most once. */
435 ok = install_file_in_file (from, to, x);
440 /* Copy file FROM onto file TO and give TO the appropriate
442 Return true if successful. */
445 install_file_in_file (const char *from, const char *to,
446 const struct cp_options *x)
448 if (! copy_file (from, to, x))
452 if (! change_attributes (to))
454 if (x->preserve_timestamps)
455 return change_timestamps (from, to);
459 /* Copy file FROM into directory TO_DIR, keeping its same name,
460 and give the copy the appropriate attributes.
461 Return true if successful. */
464 install_file_in_dir (const char *from, const char *to_dir,
465 const struct cp_options *x)
467 const char *from_base = base_name (from);
468 char *to = file_name_concat (to_dir, from_base, NULL);
469 bool ret = install_file_in_file (from, to, x);
474 /* Copy file FROM onto file TO, creating TO if necessary.
475 Return true if successful. */
478 copy_file (const char *from, const char *to, const struct cp_options *x)
482 /* Allow installing from non-regular files like /dev/null.
483 Charles Karney reported that some Sun version of install allows that
484 and that sendmail's installation process relies on the behavior.
485 However, since !x->recursive, the call to "copy" will fail if FROM
488 return copy (from, to, false, x, ©_into_self, NULL);
491 /* Set the attributes of file or directory NAME.
492 Return true if successful. */
495 change_attributes (char const *name)
499 /* chown must precede chmod because on some systems,
500 chown clears the set[ug]id bits for non-superusers,
501 resulting in incorrect permissions.
502 On System V, users can give away files with chown and then not
503 be able to chmod them. So don't give files away.
505 We don't normally ignore errors from chown because the idea of
506 the install command is that the file is supposed to end up with
507 precisely the attributes that the user specified (or defaulted).
508 If the file doesn't end up with the group they asked for, they'll
509 want to know. But AFS returns EPERM when you try to change a
510 file's group; thus the kludge. */
512 if (chown (name, owner_id, group_id) != 0
518 error (0, errno, _("cannot change ownership of %s"), quote (name));
522 if (ok && chmod (name, mode) != 0)
524 error (0, errno, _("cannot change permissions of %s"), quote (name));
531 /* Set the timestamps of file TO to match those of file FROM.
532 Return true if successful. */
535 change_timestamps (const char *from, const char *to)
538 struct timespec timespec[2];
540 if (stat (from, &stb))
542 error (0, errno, _("cannot obtain time stamps for %s"), quote (from));
546 timespec[0].tv_sec = stb.st_atime;
547 timespec[0].tv_nsec = TIMESPEC_NS (stb.st_atim);
548 timespec[1].tv_sec = stb.st_mtime;
549 timespec[1].tv_nsec = TIMESPEC_NS (stb.st_mtim);
550 if (utimens (to, timespec))
552 error (0, errno, _("cannot set time stamps for %s"), quote (to));
558 /* Strip the symbol table from the file NAME.
559 We could dig the magic number out of the file first to
560 determine whether to strip it, but the header files and
561 magic numbers vary so much from system to system that making
562 it portable would be very difficult. Not worth the effort. */
565 strip (char const *name)
573 error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("fork system call failed"));
576 execlp ("strip", "strip", name, NULL);
577 error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("cannot run strip"));
579 default: /* Parent. */
580 /* Parent process. */
581 while (pid != wait (&status)) /* Wait for kid to finish. */
584 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("strip failed"));
589 /* Initialize the user and group ownership of the files to install. */
599 pw = getpwnam (owner_name);
602 unsigned long int tmp;
603 if (xstrtoul (owner_name, NULL, 0, &tmp, NULL) != LONGINT_OK
605 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid user %s"), quote (owner_name));
609 owner_id = pw->pw_uid;
613 owner_id = (uid_t) -1;
617 gr = getgrnam (group_name);
620 unsigned long int tmp;
621 if (xstrtoul (group_name, NULL, 0, &tmp, NULL) != LONGINT_OK
623 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid group %s"), quote (group_name));
627 group_id = gr->gr_gid;
631 group_id = (gid_t) -1;
637 if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
638 fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
643 Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST\n\
644 or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY\n\
645 or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...\n\
646 or: %s [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY...\n\
648 program_name, program_name, program_name, program_name);
650 In the first three forms, copy SOURCE to DEST or multiple SOURCE(s) to\n\
651 the existing DIRECTORY, while setting permission modes and owner/group.\n\
652 In the 4th form, create all components of the given DIRECTORY(ies).\n\
656 Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.\n\
659 --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file\n\
660 -b like --backup but does not accept an argument\n\
662 -d, --directory treat all arguments as directory names; create all\n\
663 components of the specified directories\n\
666 -D create all leading components of DEST except the last,\n\
667 then copy SOURCE to DEST\n\
668 -g, --group=GROUP set group ownership, instead of process' current group\n\
669 -m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x\n\
670 -o, --owner=OWNER set ownership (super-user only)\n\
673 -p, --preserve-timestamps apply access/modification times of SOURCE files\n\
674 to corresponding destination files\n\
675 -s, --strip strip symbol tables\n\
676 -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix\n\
677 -t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY\n\
678 -T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file\n\
679 -v, --verbose print the name of each directory as it is created\n\
681 fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
682 fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
685 The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.\n\
686 The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through\n\
687 the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:\n\
691 none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)\n\
692 numbered, t make numbered backups\n\
693 existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise\n\
694 simple, never always make simple backups\n\
696 printf (_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);