1 /* install - copy files and set attributes
2 Copyright (C) 89, 90, 91, 1995-2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
16 Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
18 /* Copy files and set their permission modes and, if possible,
19 their owner and group. Used similarly to `cp'; typically
20 used in Makefiles to copy programs into their destination
21 directories. It can also be used to create the destination
22 directories and any leading directories, and to set the final
23 directory's modes. It refuses to copy files onto themselves.
27 Set the group ownership of the installed file or directory
28 to the group ID of GROUP (default is process's current
29 group). GROUP may also be a numeric group ID.
32 Set the permission mode for the installed file or directory
33 to MODE, which is an octal number (default is u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx).
36 If run as root, set the ownership of the installed file to
37 the user ID of OWNER (default is root). OWNER may also be
40 -c No effect. For compatibility with old Unix versions of install.
43 Strip the symbol tables from installed files.
45 -p, --preserve-timestamps
46 Retain creation and modification timestamps when installing files.
49 Create a directory and its leading directories, if they
50 do not already exist. Set the owner, group and mode
51 as given on the command line. Any leading directories
52 that are created are also given those attributes.
53 This is different from the SunOS 4.0 install, which gives
54 directories that it creates the default attributes.
57 Like the -d option, but a file is installed, along with the directory.
58 Useful when installing into a new directory, and the install
59 process doesn't properly comprehend making directories.
61 David MacKenzie <djm@gnu.ai.mit.edu> */
70 #include <sys/types.h>
75 #include "backupfile.h"
81 #include "modechange.h"
82 #include "path-concat.h"
86 /* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix). */
87 #define PROGRAM_NAME "install"
89 #define AUTHORS "David MacKenzie"
92 # include <sys/wait.h>
99 struct passwd *getpwnam ();
100 struct group *getgrnam ();
102 #ifndef _POSIX_VERSION
108 # define endgrent() ((void) 0)
112 # define endpwent() ((void) 0)
115 /* Initial number of entries in each hash table entry's table of inodes. */
116 #define INITIAL_HASH_MODULE 100
118 /* Initial number of entries in the inode hash table. */
119 #define INITIAL_ENTRY_TAB_SIZE 70
121 /* Number of bytes of a file to copy at a time. */
122 #define READ_SIZE (32 * 1024)
129 static int change_timestamps PARAMS ((const char *from, const char *to));
130 static int change_attributes PARAMS ((const char *path));
131 static int copy_file PARAMS ((const char *from, const char *to,
132 const struct cp_options *x));
133 static int install_file_to_path PARAMS ((const char *from, const char *to,
134 const struct cp_options *x));
135 static int install_file_in_dir PARAMS ((const char *from, const char *to_dir,
136 const struct cp_options *x));
137 static int install_file_in_file PARAMS ((const char *from, const char *to,
138 const struct cp_options *x));
139 static void get_ids PARAMS ((void));
140 static void strip PARAMS ((const char *path));
141 void usage PARAMS ((int status));
143 /* The name this program was run with, for error messages. */
146 /* The user name that will own the files, or NULL to make the owner
147 the current user ID. */
148 static char *owner_name;
150 /* The user ID corresponding to `owner_name'. */
151 static uid_t owner_id;
153 /* The group name that will own the files, or NULL to make the group
154 the current group ID. */
155 static char *group_name;
157 /* The group ID corresponding to `group_name'. */
158 static gid_t group_id;
160 /* The permissions to which the files will be set. The umask has
162 static mode_t mode = S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH;
164 /* If nonzero, strip executable files after copying them. */
165 static int strip_files;
167 /* If nonzero, install a directory instead of a regular file. */
170 static struct option const long_options[] =
172 {"backup", optional_argument, NULL, 'b'},
173 {"directory", no_argument, NULL, 'd'},
174 {"group", required_argument, NULL, 'g'},
175 {"mode", required_argument, NULL, 'm'},
176 {"owner", required_argument, NULL, 'o'},
177 {"preserve-timestamps", no_argument, NULL, 'p'},
178 {"strip", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
179 {"suffix", required_argument, NULL, 'S'},
180 {"version-control", required_argument, NULL, 'V'}, /* Deprecated. FIXME. */
181 {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
182 {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
183 {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
188 cp_option_init (struct cp_options *x)
190 x->copy_as_regular = 1;
191 x->dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
192 x->unlink_dest_before_opening = 1;
193 x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open = 0;
195 /* If unlink fails, try to proceed anyway. */
196 x->failed_unlink_is_fatal = 0;
201 x->myeuid = geteuid ();
202 x->one_file_system = 0;
203 x->preserve_owner_and_group = 0;
204 x->preserve_chmod_bits = 0;
205 x->preserve_timestamps = 0;
206 x->require_preserve = 0;
208 x->sparse_mode = SPARSE_AUTO;
209 x->symbolic_link = 0;
210 x->backup_type = none;
212 /* Create destination files initially writable so we can run strip on them.
213 Although GNU strip works fine on read-only files, some others
216 x->mode = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR;
225 main (int argc, char **argv)
229 const char *symbolic_mode = NULL;
230 int make_backups = 0;
231 char *backup_suffix_string;
232 char *version_control_string = NULL;
233 int mkdir_and_install = 0;
238 program_name = argv[0];
239 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
240 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
241 textdomain (PACKAGE);
243 atexit (close_stdout);
253 /* FIXME: consider not calling getenv for SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX unless
254 we'll actually use backup_suffix_string. */
255 backup_suffix_string = getenv ("SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX");
257 while ((optc = getopt_long (argc, argv, "bcsDdg:m:o:pvV:S:", long_options,
265 case 'V': /* FIXME: this is deprecated. Remove it in 2001. */
267 _("warning: --version-control (-V) is obsolete; support for\
268 it\nwill be removed in some future release. Use --backup=%s instead."
275 version_control_string = optarg;
286 mkdir_and_install = 1;
295 symbolic_mode = optarg;
301 x.preserve_timestamps = 1;
305 backup_suffix_string = optarg;
307 case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
308 case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);
314 /* Check for invalid combinations of arguments. */
315 if (dir_arg && strip_files)
317 _("the strip option may not be used when installing a directory"));
320 x.backup_type = xget_version ("backup type", version_control_string);
322 n_files = argc - optind;
323 file = argv + optind;
325 if (n_files == 0 || (n_files == 1 && !dir_arg))
327 error (0, 0, _("too few arguments"));
333 struct mode_change *change = mode_compile (symbolic_mode, 0);
334 if (change == MODE_INVALID)
335 error (1, 0, _("invalid mode %s"), quote (symbolic_mode));
336 else if (change == MODE_MEMORY_EXHAUSTED)
338 mode = mode_adjust (0, change);
346 for (i = 0; i < n_files; i++)
349 make_path (file[i], mode, mode, owner_id, group_id, 0,
350 (x.verbose ? _("creating directory %s") : NULL));
355 /* FIXME: it's a little gross that this initialization is
356 required by copy.c::copy. */
357 hash_init (INITIAL_HASH_MODULE, INITIAL_ENTRY_TAB_SIZE);
361 if (mkdir_and_install)
362 errors = install_file_to_path (file[0], file[1], &x);
363 else if (!isdir (file[1]))
364 errors = install_file_in_file (file[0], file[1], &x);
366 errors = install_file_in_dir (file[0], file[1], &x);
371 const char *dest = file[n_files - 1];
375 _("installing multiple files, but last argument, %s \
376 is not a directory"),
380 for (i = 0; i < n_files - 1; i++)
382 errors |= install_file_in_dir (file[i], dest, &x);
390 /* Copy file FROM onto file TO, creating any missing parent directories of TO.
391 Return 0 if successful, 1 if an error occurs */
394 install_file_to_path (const char *from, const char *to,
395 const struct cp_options *x)
400 dest_dir = dir_name (to);
402 /* check to make sure this is a path (not install a b ) */
403 if (!STREQ (dest_dir, ".")
404 && !isdir (dest_dir))
406 /* Someone will probably ask for a new option or three to specify
407 owner, group, and permissions for parent directories. Remember
408 that this option is intended mainly to help installers when the
409 distribution doesn't provide proper install rules. */
410 #define DIR_MODE (S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH)
411 fail = make_path (dest_dir, DIR_MODE, DIR_MODE, owner_id, group_id, 0,
412 (x->verbose ? _("creating directory %s") : NULL));
416 fail = install_file_in_file (from, to, x);
423 /* Copy file FROM onto file TO and give TO the appropriate
425 Return 0 if successful, 1 if an error occurs. */
428 install_file_in_file (const char *from, const char *to,
429 const struct cp_options *x)
431 if (copy_file (from, to, x))
435 if (change_attributes (to))
437 if (x->preserve_timestamps)
438 return change_timestamps (from, to);
442 /* Copy file FROM into directory TO_DIR, keeping its same name,
443 and give the copy the appropriate attributes.
444 Return 0 if successful, 1 if not. */
447 install_file_in_dir (const char *from, const char *to_dir,
448 const struct cp_options *x)
450 const char *from_base;
454 from_base = base_name (from);
455 to = path_concat (to_dir, from_base, NULL);
456 ret = install_file_in_file (from, to, x);
461 /* Copy file FROM onto file TO, creating TO if necessary.
462 Return 0 if the copy is successful, 1 if not. */
465 copy_file (const char *from, const char *to, const struct cp_options *x)
468 int nonexistent_dst = 0;
471 /* Allow installing from non-regular files like /dev/null.
472 Charles Karney reported that some Sun version of install allows that
473 and that sendmail's installation process relies on the behavior. */
476 error (0, 0, _("%s is a directory"), quote (from));
480 fail = copy (from, to, nonexistent_dst, x, ©_into_self, NULL);
485 /* Set the attributes of file or directory PATH.
486 Return 0 if successful, 1 if not. */
489 change_attributes (const char *path)
493 /* chown must precede chmod because on some systems,
494 chown clears the set[ug]id bits for non-superusers,
495 resulting in incorrect permissions.
496 On System V, users can give away files with chown and then not
497 be able to chmod them. So don't give files away.
499 We don't normally ignore errors from chown because the idea of
500 the install command is that the file is supposed to end up with
501 precisely the attributes that the user specified (or defaulted).
502 If the file doesn't end up with the group they asked for, they'll
503 want to know. But AFS returns EPERM when you try to change a
504 file's group; thus the kludge. */
506 if (chown (path, owner_id, group_id)
512 error (0, errno, "cannot change ownership of %s", quote (path));
516 if (!err && chmod (path, mode))
518 error (0, errno, "cannot change permissions of %s", quote (path));
525 /* Set the timestamps of file TO to match those of file FROM.
526 Return 0 if successful, 1 if not. */
529 change_timestamps (const char *from, const char *to)
534 if (stat (from, &stb))
536 error (0, errno, _("cannot obtain time stamps for %s"), quote (from));
540 /* There's currently no interface to set file timestamps with
541 better than 1-second resolution, so discard any fractional
542 part of the source timestamp. */
544 utb.actime = stb.st_atime;
545 utb.modtime = stb.st_mtime;
546 if (utime (to, &utb))
548 error (0, errno, _("cannot set time stamps for %s"), quote (to));
554 /* Strip the symbol table from the file PATH.
555 We could dig the magic number out of the file first to
556 determine whether to strip it, but the header files and
557 magic numbers vary so much from system to system that making
558 it portable would be very difficult. Not worth the effort. */
561 strip (const char *path)
569 error (1, errno, _("cannot fork"));
572 execlp ("strip", "strip", path, NULL);
573 error (1, errno, _("cannot run strip"));
575 default: /* Parent. */
576 /* Parent process. */
577 while (pid != wait (&status)) /* Wait for kid to finish. */
580 error (1, 0, _("strip failed"));
585 /* Initialize the user and group ownership of the files to install. */
595 pw = getpwnam (owner_name);
599 if (xstrtol (owner_name, NULL, 0, &tmp_long, NULL) != LONGINT_OK
600 || tmp_long < 0 || tmp_long > UID_T_MAX)
601 error (1, 0, _("invalid user %s"), quote (owner_name));
602 owner_id = (uid_t) tmp_long;
605 owner_id = pw->pw_uid;
609 owner_id = (uid_t) -1;
613 gr = getgrnam (group_name);
617 if (xstrtol (group_name, NULL, 0, &tmp_long, NULL) != LONGINT_OK
618 || tmp_long < 0 || tmp_long > GID_T_MAX)
619 error (1, 0, _("invalid group %s"), quote (group_name));
620 group_id = (gid_t) tmp_long;
623 group_id = gr->gr_gid;
627 group_id = (gid_t) -1;
634 fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
639 Usage: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST (1st format)\n\
640 or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY (2nd format)\n\
641 or: %s -d [OPTION]... DIRECTORY... (3rd format)\n\
643 program_name, program_name, program_name);
645 In the first two formats, copy SOURCE to DEST or multiple SOURCE(s) to\n\
646 the existing DIRECTORY, while setting permission modes and owner/group.\n\
647 In the third format, create all components of the given DIRECTORY(ies).\n\
649 --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file\n\
650 -b like --backup but does not accept an argument\n\
652 -d, --directory treat all arguments as directory names; create all\n\
653 components of the specified directories\n\
654 -D create all leading components of DEST except the last,\n\
655 then copy SOURCE to DEST; useful in the 1st format\n\
656 -g, --group=GROUP set group ownership, instead of process' current group\n\
657 -m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x\n\
658 -o, --owner=OWNER set ownership (super-user only)\n\
659 -p, --preserve-timestamps apply access/modification times of SOURCE files\n\
660 to corresponding destination files\n\
661 -s, --strip strip symbol tables, only for 1st and 2nd formats\n\
662 -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix\n\
663 -v, --verbose print the name of each directory as it is created\n\
664 --help display this help and exit\n\
665 --version output version information and exit\n\
669 The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.\n\
670 The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through\n\
671 the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:\n\
673 none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)\n\
674 numbered, t make numbered backups\n\
675 existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise\n\
676 simple, never always make simple backups\n\
678 puts (_("\nReport bugs to <bug-fileutils@gnu.org>."));