1 /* install - copy files and set attributes
2 Copyright (C) 89, 90, 91, 1995-2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
16 Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
18 /* Copy files and set their permission modes and, if possible,
19 their owner and group. Used similarly to `cp'; typically
20 used in Makefiles to copy programs into their destination
21 directories. It can also be used to create the destination
22 directories and any leading directories, and to set the final
23 directory's modes. It refuses to copy files onto themselves.
27 Set the group ownership of the installed file or directory
28 to the group ID of GROUP (default is process's current
29 group). GROUP may also be a numeric group ID.
32 Set the permission mode for the installed file or directory
33 to MODE, which is an octal number (default is u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx).
36 If run as root, set the ownership of the installed file to
37 the user ID of OWNER (default is root). OWNER may also be
40 -c No effect. For compatibility with old Unix versions of install.
43 Strip the symbol tables from installed files.
45 -p, --preserve-timestamps
46 Retain creation and modification timestamps when installing files.
49 Create a directory and its leading directories, if they
50 do not already exist. Set the owner, group and mode
51 as given on the command line. Any leading directories
52 that are created are also given those attributes.
53 This is different from the SunOS 4.0 install, which gives
54 directories that it creates the default attributes.
57 Like the -d option, but a file is installed, along with the directory.
58 Useful when installing into a new directory, and the install
59 process doesn't properly comprehend making directories.
61 David MacKenzie <djm@gnu.ai.mit.edu> */
70 #include <sys/types.h>
75 #include "backupfile.h"
81 #include "modechange.h"
82 #include "path-concat.h"
85 /* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix). */
86 #define PROGRAM_NAME "install"
88 #define AUTHORS "David MacKenzie"
91 # include <sys/wait.h>
98 struct passwd *getpwnam ();
99 struct group *getgrnam ();
101 #ifndef _POSIX_VERSION
107 # define endgrent() ((void) 0)
111 # define endpwent() ((void) 0)
114 /* Initial number of entries in each hash table entry's table of inodes. */
115 #define INITIAL_HASH_MODULE 100
117 /* Initial number of entries in the inode hash table. */
118 #define INITIAL_ENTRY_TAB_SIZE 70
120 /* Number of bytes of a file to copy at a time. */
121 #define READ_SIZE (32 * 1024)
128 static int change_timestamps PARAMS ((const char *from, const char *to));
129 static int change_attributes PARAMS ((const char *path));
130 static int copy_file PARAMS ((const char *from, const char *to,
131 const struct cp_options *x));
132 static int install_file_to_path PARAMS ((const char *from, const char *to,
133 const struct cp_options *x));
134 static int install_file_in_dir PARAMS ((const char *from, const char *to_dir,
135 const struct cp_options *x));
136 static int install_file_in_file PARAMS ((const char *from, const char *to,
137 const struct cp_options *x));
138 static void get_ids PARAMS ((void));
139 static void strip PARAMS ((const char *path));
140 void usage PARAMS ((int status));
142 /* The name this program was run with, for error messages. */
145 /* The user name that will own the files, or NULL to make the owner
146 the current user ID. */
147 static char *owner_name;
149 /* The user ID corresponding to `owner_name'. */
150 static uid_t owner_id;
152 /* The group name that will own the files, or NULL to make the group
153 the current group ID. */
154 static char *group_name;
156 /* The group ID corresponding to `group_name'. */
157 static gid_t group_id;
159 /* The permissions to which the files will be set. The umask has
161 static mode_t mode = S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH;
163 /* If nonzero, strip executable files after copying them. */
164 static int strip_files;
166 /* If nonzero, install a directory instead of a regular file. */
169 static struct option const long_options[] =
171 {"backup", optional_argument, NULL, 'b'},
172 {"directory", no_argument, NULL, 'd'},
173 {"group", required_argument, NULL, 'g'},
174 {"mode", required_argument, NULL, 'm'},
175 {"owner", required_argument, NULL, 'o'},
176 {"preserve-timestamps", no_argument, NULL, 'p'},
177 {"strip", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
178 {"suffix", required_argument, NULL, 'S'},
179 {"version-control", required_argument, NULL, 'V'}, /* Deprecated. FIXME. */
180 {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
181 {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
182 {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
187 cp_option_init (struct cp_options *x)
189 x->copy_as_regular = 1;
193 /* If unlink fails, try to proceed anyway. */
194 x->failed_unlink_is_fatal = 0;
199 x->myeuid = geteuid ();
200 x->one_file_system = 0;
201 x->preserve_owner_and_group = 0;
202 x->preserve_chmod_bits = 0;
203 x->preserve_timestamps = 0;
204 x->require_preserve = 0;
206 x->sparse_mode = SPARSE_AUTO;
207 x->symbolic_link = 0;
208 x->backup_type = none;
210 /* Create destination files initially writable so we can run strip on them.
211 Although GNU strip works fine on read-only files, some others
214 x->mode = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR;
223 main (int argc, char **argv)
227 const char *symbolic_mode = NULL;
228 int make_backups = 0;
229 char *backup_suffix_string;
230 char *version_control_string = NULL;
231 int mkdir_and_install = 0;
236 program_name = argv[0];
237 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
238 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
239 textdomain (PACKAGE);
241 atexit (close_stdout);
251 /* FIXME: consider not calling getenv for SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX unless
252 we'll actually use backup_suffix_string. */
253 backup_suffix_string = getenv ("SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX");
255 while ((optc = getopt_long (argc, argv, "bcsDdg:m:o:pvV:S:", long_options,
263 case 'V': /* FIXME: this is deprecated. Remove it in 2001. */
265 _("warning: --version-control (-V) is obsolete; support for\
266 it\nwill be removed in some future release. Use --backup=%s instead."
273 version_control_string = optarg;
284 mkdir_and_install = 1;
293 symbolic_mode = optarg;
299 x.preserve_timestamps = 1;
303 backup_suffix_string = optarg;
305 case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
306 case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);
312 /* Check for invalid combinations of arguments. */
313 if (dir_arg && strip_files)
315 _("the strip option may not be used when installing a directory"));
318 x.backup_type = xget_version ("backup type", version_control_string);
320 n_files = argc - optind;
321 file = argv + optind;
323 if (n_files == 0 || (n_files == 1 && !dir_arg))
325 error (0, 0, _("too few arguments"));
331 struct mode_change *change = mode_compile (symbolic_mode, 0);
332 if (change == MODE_INVALID)
333 error (1, 0, _("invalid mode `%s'"), symbolic_mode);
334 else if (change == MODE_MEMORY_EXHAUSTED)
335 error (1, 0, _("virtual memory exhausted"));
336 mode = mode_adjust (0, change);
344 for (i = 0; i < n_files; i++)
347 make_path (file[i], mode, mode, owner_id, group_id, 0,
348 (x.verbose ? "creating directory `%s'" : NULL));
353 /* FIXME: it's a little gross that this initialization is
354 required by copy.c::copy. */
355 hash_init (INITIAL_HASH_MODULE, INITIAL_ENTRY_TAB_SIZE);
359 if (mkdir_and_install)
360 errors = install_file_to_path (file[0], file[1], &x);
361 else if (!isdir (file[1]))
362 errors = install_file_in_file (file[0], file[1], &x);
364 errors = install_file_in_dir (file[0], file[1], &x);
369 const char *dest = file[n_files - 1];
373 _("installing multiple files, but last argument (%s) \
374 is not a directory"),
378 for (i = 0; i < n_files - 1; i++)
380 errors |= install_file_in_dir (file[i], dest, &x);
388 /* Copy file FROM onto file TO, creating any missing parent directories of TO.
389 Return 0 if successful, 1 if an error occurs */
392 install_file_to_path (const char *from, const char *to,
393 const struct cp_options *x)
398 dest_dir = dir_name (to);
400 /* check to make sure this is a path (not install a b ) */
401 if (!STREQ (dest_dir, ".")
402 && !isdir (dest_dir))
404 /* Someone will probably ask for a new option or three to specify
405 owner, group, and permissions for parent directories. Remember
406 that this option is intended mainly to help installers when the
407 distribution doesn't provide proper install rules. */
408 #define DIR_MODE (S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH)
409 fail = make_path (dest_dir, DIR_MODE, DIR_MODE, owner_id, group_id, 0,
410 (x->verbose ? _("creating directory `%s'") : NULL));
414 fail = install_file_in_file (from, to, x);
421 /* Copy file FROM onto file TO and give TO the appropriate
423 Return 0 if successful, 1 if an error occurs. */
426 install_file_in_file (const char *from, const char *to,
427 const struct cp_options *x)
429 if (copy_file (from, to, x))
433 if (change_attributes (to))
435 if (x->preserve_timestamps)
436 return change_timestamps (from, to);
440 /* Copy file FROM into directory TO_DIR, keeping its same name,
441 and give the copy the appropriate attributes.
442 Return 0 if successful, 1 if not. */
445 install_file_in_dir (const char *from, const char *to_dir,
446 const struct cp_options *x)
448 const char *from_base;
452 from_base = base_name (from);
453 to = path_concat (to_dir, from_base, NULL);
454 ret = install_file_in_file (from, to, x);
459 /* Copy file FROM onto file TO, creating TO if necessary.
460 Return 0 if the copy is successful, 1 if not. */
463 copy_file (const char *from, const char *to, const struct cp_options *x)
466 int nonexistent_dst = 0;
469 /* Allow installing from non-regular files like /dev/null.
470 Charles Karney reported that some Sun version of install allows that
471 and that sendmail's installation process relies on the behavior. */
474 error (0, 0, _("`%s' is a directory"), from);
478 fail = copy (from, to, nonexistent_dst, x, ©_into_self, NULL);
483 /* Set the attributes of file or directory PATH.
484 Return 0 if successful, 1 if not. */
487 change_attributes (const char *path)
491 /* chown must precede chmod because on some systems,
492 chown clears the set[ug]id bits for non-superusers,
493 resulting in incorrect permissions.
494 On System V, users can give away files with chown and then not
495 be able to chmod them. So don't give files away.
497 We don't normally ignore errors from chown because the idea of
498 the install command is that the file is supposed to end up with
499 precisely the attributes that the user specified (or defaulted).
500 If the file doesn't end up with the group they asked for, they'll
501 want to know. But AFS returns EPERM when you try to change a
502 file's group; thus the kludge. */
504 if (chown (path, owner_id, group_id)
510 error (0, errno, "cannot change ownership of `%s'", path);
514 if (!err && chmod (path, mode))
516 error (0, errno, "cannot change permissions of `%s'", path);
523 /* Set the timestamps of file TO to match those of file FROM.
524 Return 0 if successful, 1 if not. */
527 change_timestamps (const char *from, const char *to)
532 if (stat (from, &stb))
534 error (0, errno, "%s", from);
538 /* There's currently no interface to set file timestamps with
539 better than 1-second resolution, so discard any fractional
540 part of the source timestamp. */
542 utb.actime = stb.st_atime;
543 utb.modtime = stb.st_mtime;
544 if (utime (to, &utb))
546 error (0, errno, "%s", to);
552 /* Strip the symbol table from the file PATH.
553 We could dig the magic number out of the file first to
554 determine whether to strip it, but the header files and
555 magic numbers vary so much from system to system that making
556 it portable would be very difficult. Not worth the effort. */
559 strip (const char *path)
567 error (1, errno, _("cannot fork"));
570 execlp ("strip", "strip", path, NULL);
571 error (1, errno, _("cannot run strip"));
573 default: /* Parent. */
574 /* Parent process. */
575 while (pid != wait (&status)) /* Wait for kid to finish. */
578 error (1, 0, _("strip failed"));
583 /* Initialize the user and group ownership of the files to install. */
593 pw = getpwnam (owner_name);
597 if (xstrtol (owner_name, NULL, 0, &tmp_long, NULL) != LONGINT_OK
598 || tmp_long < 0 || tmp_long > UID_T_MAX)
599 error (1, 0, _("invalid user `%s'"), owner_name);
600 owner_id = (uid_t) tmp_long;
603 owner_id = pw->pw_uid;
607 owner_id = (uid_t) -1;
611 gr = getgrnam (group_name);
615 if (xstrtol (group_name, NULL, 0, &tmp_long, NULL) != LONGINT_OK
616 || tmp_long < 0 || tmp_long > GID_T_MAX)
617 error (1, 0, _("invalid group `%s'"), group_name);
618 group_id = (gid_t) tmp_long;
621 group_id = gr->gr_gid;
625 group_id = (gid_t) -1;
632 fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
637 Usage: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST (1st format)\n\
638 or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY (2nd format)\n\
639 or: %s -d [OPTION]... DIRECTORY... (3rd format)\n\
641 program_name, program_name, program_name);
643 In the first two formats, copy SOURCE to DEST or multiple SOURCE(s) to\n\
644 the existing DIRECTORY, while setting permission modes and owner/group.\n\
645 In the third format, create all components of the given DIRECTORY(ies).\n\
647 --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file\n\
648 -b like --backup but does not accept an argument\n\
650 -d, --directory treat all arguments as directory names; create all\n\
651 components of the specified directories\n\
652 -D create all leading components of DEST except the last,\n\
653 then copy SOURCE to DEST; useful in the 1st format\n\
654 -g, --group=GROUP set group ownership, instead of process' current group\n\
655 -m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x\n\
656 -o, --owner=OWNER set ownership (super-user only)\n\
657 -p, --preserve-timestamps apply access/modification times of SOURCE files\n\
658 to corresponding destination files\n\
659 -s, --strip strip symbol tables, only for 1st and 2nd formats\n\
660 -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix\n\
661 -v, --verbose print the name of each directory as it is created\n\
662 --help display this help and exit\n\
663 --version output version information and exit\n\
667 The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.\n\
668 The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through\n\
669 the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:\n\
671 none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)\n\
672 numbered, t make numbered backups\n\
673 existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise\n\
674 simple, never always make simple backups\n\
676 puts (_("\nReport bugs to <bug-fileutils@gnu.org>."));