1 /* expr -- evaluate expressions.
2 Copyright (C) 86, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
16 Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
18 /* Author: Mike Parker.
20 This program evaluates expressions. Each token (operator, operand,
21 parenthesis) of the expression must be a seperate argument. The
22 parser used is a reasonably general one, though any incarnation of
23 it is language-specific. It is especially nice for expressions.
25 No parse tree is needed; a new node is evaluated immediately.
26 One function can handle multiple operators all of equal precedence,
27 provided they all associate ((x op x) op x).
29 Define EVAL_TRACE to print an evaluation trace. */
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include "long-options.h"
40 #define NEW(type) ((type *) xmalloc (sizeof (type)))
41 #define OLD(x) free ((char *) x)
43 /* The kinds of value we can have. */
49 typedef enum valtype TYPE;
54 TYPE type; /* Which kind. */
56 { /* The value itself. */
61 typedef struct valinfo VALUE;
63 /* The arguments given to the program, minus the program name. */
66 /* The name this program was run with. */
73 static VALUE *docolon __P ((VALUE *sv, VALUE *pv));
74 static VALUE *eval __P ((void));
75 static VALUE *int_value __P ((int i));
76 static VALUE *str_value __P ((char *s));
77 static int isstring __P ((VALUE *v));
78 static int nextarg __P ((char *str));
79 static int nomoreargs __P ((void));
80 static int null __P ((VALUE *v));
81 static int toarith __P ((VALUE *v));
82 static void freev __P ((VALUE *v));
83 static void printv __P ((VALUE *v));
84 static void tostring __P ((VALUE *v));
94 fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
99 Usage: %s EXPRESSION\n\
102 program_name, program_name);
105 --help display this help and exit\n\
106 --version output version information and exit\n\
110 Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. A blank line below\n\
111 separates increasing precedence groups. EXPRESSION may be:\n\
113 ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2\n\
115 ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0\n\
117 ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 is less than ARG2\n\
118 ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2\n\
119 ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2\n\
120 ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2\n\
121 ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2\n\
122 ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2\n\
124 ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2\n\
125 ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2\n\
127 ARG1 * ARG2 arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2\n\
128 ARG1 / ARG2 arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2\n\
129 ARG1 %% ARG2 arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2\n\
131 STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING\n\
133 match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP\n\
134 substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1\n\
135 index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0\n\
136 length STRING length of STRING\n\
138 ( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION\n\
142 Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.\n\
143 Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical.\n\
144 Pattern matches return the string matched between \\( and \\) or null; if\n\
145 \\( and \\) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.\n\
147 puts (_("\nReport bugs to bug-gnu-utils@gnu.ai.mit.edu"));
153 main (int argc, char **argv)
157 program_name = argv[0];
158 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
159 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
160 textdomain (PACKAGE);
162 /* Don't recognize --help or --version if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set. */
163 if (getenv ("POSIXLY_CORRECT") == NULL)
164 parse_long_options (argc, argv, "expr", PACKAGE_VERSION, usage);
168 error (0, 0, _("too few arguments"));
176 error (2, 0, _("syntax error"));
182 /* Return a VALUE for I. */
195 /* Return a VALUE for S. */
204 v->u.s = xstrdup (s);
208 /* Free VALUE V, including structure components. */
213 if (v->type == string)
226 printf ("%d\n", v->u.i);
229 printf ("%s\n", v->u.s);
236 /* Return nonzero if V is a null-string or zero-number. */
246 return v->u.s[0] == '\0' || strcmp(v->u.s, "0") == 0;
252 /* Return nonzero if V is a string value. */
257 return v->type == string;
260 /* Coerce V to a string value (can't fail). */
270 temp = xmalloc (4 * (sizeof (int) / sizeof (char)));
271 sprintf (temp, "%d", v->u.i);
282 /* Coerce V to an integer value. Return 1 on success, 0 on failure. */
298 /* Don't interpret the empty string as an integer. */
307 i = i * 10 + *cp - '0';
312 v->u.i = i * (neg ? -1 : 1);
320 /* Return nonzero if the next token matches STR exactly.
321 STR must not be NULL. */
328 return strcmp (*args, str) == 0;
331 /* Return nonzero if there no more tokens. */
339 /* The comparison operator handling functions. */
341 #define cmpf(name, rel) \
343 int name (l, r) VALUE *l; VALUE *r; \
345 if (isstring (l) || isstring (r)) \
349 return strcmp (l->u.s, r->u.s) rel 0; \
352 return l->u.i rel r->u.i; \
355 cmpf (less_equal, <=)
358 cmpf (greater_equal, >=)
359 cmpf (greater_than, >)
363 /* The arithmetic operator handling functions. */
365 #define arithf(name, op) \
367 int name (l, r) VALUE *l; VALUE *r; \
369 if (!toarith (l) || !toarith (r)) \
370 error (2, 0, _("non-numeric argument")); \
371 return l->u.i op r->u.i; \
374 #define arithdivf(name, op) \
375 int name (l, r) VALUE *l; VALUE *r; \
377 if (!toarith (l) || !toarith (r)) \
378 error (2, 0, _("non-numeric argument")); \
380 error (2, 0, _("division by zero")); \
381 return l->u.i op r->u.i; \
387 arithdivf (divide, /)
394 /* Print evaluation trace and args remaining. */
403 for (a = args; *a; a++)
409 /* Do the : operator.
410 SV is the VALUE for the lhs (the string),
411 PV is the VALUE for the rhs (the pattern). */
414 docolon (VALUE *sv, VALUE *pv)
418 struct re_pattern_buffer re_buffer;
419 struct re_registers re_regs;
425 if (pv->u.s[0] == '^')
428 warning: unportable BRE: `%s': using `^' as the first character\n\
429 of the basic regular expression is not portable; it is being ignored"),
433 len = strlen (pv->u.s);
434 memset (&re_buffer, 0, sizeof (re_buffer));
435 memset (&re_regs, 0, sizeof (re_regs));
436 re_buffer.allocated = 2 * len;
437 re_buffer.buffer = (unsigned char *) xmalloc (re_buffer.allocated);
438 re_buffer.translate = 0;
439 re_syntax_options = RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_BASIC;
440 errmsg = re_compile_pattern (pv->u.s, len, &re_buffer);
442 error (2, 0, "%s", errmsg);
444 len = re_match (&re_buffer, sv->u.s, strlen (sv->u.s), 0, &re_regs);
447 /* Were \(...\) used? */
448 if (re_buffer.re_nsub > 0)/* was (re_regs.start[1] >= 0) */
450 sv->u.s[re_regs.end[1]] = '\0';
451 v = str_value (sv->u.s + re_regs.start[1]);
458 /* Match failed -- return the right kind of null. */
459 if (strstr (pv->u.s, "\\("))
464 free (re_buffer.buffer);
468 /* Handle bare operands and ( expr ) syntax. */
479 error (2, 0, _("syntax error"));
486 error (2, 0, _("syntax error"));
492 error (2, 0, _("syntax error"));
494 return str_value (*args++);
497 /* Handle match, substr, index, and length keywords. */
511 if (nextarg ("length"))
516 v = int_value (strlen (r->u.s));
520 else if (nextarg ("match"))
530 else if (nextarg ("index"))
537 v = int_value (strcspn (l->u.s, r->u.s) + 1);
538 if (v->u.i == (int) strlen (l->u.s) + 1)
544 else if (nextarg ("substr"))
551 if (!toarith (i1) || !toarith (i2)
552 || i1->u.i > (int) strlen (l->u.s)
553 || i1->u.i <= 0 || i2->u.i <= 0)
559 v->u.s = strncpy ((char *) xmalloc (i2->u.i + 1),
560 l->u.s + i1->u.i - 1, i2->u.i);
572 /* Handle : operator (pattern matching).
573 Calls docolon to do the real work. */
602 /* Handle *, /, % operators. */
620 else if (nextarg ("/"))
622 else if (nextarg ("%"))
635 /* Handle +, - operators. */
653 else if (nextarg ("-"))
666 /* Handle comparisons. */
684 else if (nextarg ("<="))
686 else if (nextarg ("=") || nextarg ("=="))
688 else if (nextarg ("!="))
690 else if (nextarg (">="))
692 else if (nextarg (">"))
725 if (null (l) || null (r))