2 * crypt_reencrypt - crypt utility for offline reencryption
4 * Copyright (C) 2012 Milan Broz All rights reserved.
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
8 * version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 * GNU General Public License for more details.
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20 /* The code works as follows:
21 * - create backup (detached) headers fo old and new device
22 * - mark original device unusable
23 * - maps two devices, one with old header one with new onto
24 * the _same_ underlying device
25 * - with direct-io reads old device and copy to new device in defined steps
26 * - keps simple off in file (allows restart)
27 * - there is several windows when corruption can happen
30 * dmsetup create x --table "0 $(blockdev --getsz DEV) crypt cipher_null-ecb-null - 0 DEV 0"
41 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
47 #include <libcryptsetup.h>
50 #include "cryptsetup.h"
52 static int opt_verbose = 0;
53 static int opt_debug = 0;
54 static const char *opt_cipher = NULL;
55 static const char *opt_hash = NULL;
56 static const char *opt_key_file = NULL;
57 static int opt_iteration_time = 1000;
58 static int opt_batch_mode = 0;
59 static int opt_version_mode = 0;
60 static int opt_random = 0;
61 static int opt_urandom = 0;
62 static int opt_bsize = 4;
63 static int opt_new = 0;
64 static int opt_directio = 0;
65 static int opt_write_log = 0;
66 static const char *opt_new_file = NULL;
68 static const char **action_argv;
69 sigset_t signals_open;
75 uint64_t device_offset;
76 uint64_t device_shift;
79 enum { FORWARD = 0, BACKWARD = 1 } reencrypt_direction;
81 char header_file_org[PATH_MAX];
82 char header_file_new[PATH_MAX];
83 char log_file[PATH_MAX];
85 char crypt_path_org[PATH_MAX];
86 char crypt_path_new[PATH_MAX];
93 struct timeval start_time, end_time;
96 char MAGIC[] = {'L','U','K','S', 0xba, 0xbe};
97 char NOMAGIC[] = {'L','U','K','S', 0xde, 0xad};
106 __attribute__((format(printf, 5, 6)))
107 static void clogger(struct crypt_device *cd, int level, const char *file,
108 int line, const char *format, ...)
113 va_start(argp, format);
115 if (vasprintf(&target, format, argp) > 0) {
117 crypt_log(cd, level, target);
118 } else if (opt_debug)
119 printf("# %s\n", target);
126 static void _log(int level, const char *msg, void *usrptr __attribute__((unused)))
130 case CRYPT_LOG_NORMAL:
133 case CRYPT_LOG_VERBOSE:
137 case CRYPT_LOG_ERROR:
140 case CRYPT_LOG_DEBUG:
142 printf("# %s\n", msg);
145 fprintf(stderr, "Internal error on logging class for msg: %s", msg);
150 static void _quiet_log(int level, const char *msg, void *usrptr)
152 if (!opt_verbose && (level == CRYPT_LOG_ERROR || level == CRYPT_LOG_NORMAL))
153 level = CRYPT_LOG_VERBOSE;
154 _log(level, msg, usrptr);
157 /* The difference in seconds between two times in "timeval" format. */
158 double time_diff(struct timeval start, struct timeval end)
160 return (end.tv_sec - start.tv_sec)
161 + (end.tv_usec - start.tv_usec) / 1E6;
164 static int alignment(int fd)
168 alignment = fpathconf(fd, _PC_REC_XFER_ALIGN);
174 static int device_magic(header_magic set_magic)
177 size_t block_size = 512;
181 devfd = open(rnc.device, O_RDWR | O_DIRECT);
183 return errno == EBUSY ? -EBUSY : -EINVAL;
185 if (posix_memalign((void *)&buf, alignment(devfd), block_size)) {
190 s = read(devfd, buf, block_size);
191 if (s < 0 || s != block_size) {
192 log_verbose(_("Cannot read device %s.\n"), rnc.device);
197 if (set_magic == MAKE_UNUSABLE && !memcmp(buf, MAGIC, MAGIC_L)) {
198 log_dbg("Marking LUKS device %s unusable.", rnc.device);
199 memcpy(buf, NOMAGIC, MAGIC_L);
202 } else if (set_magic == MAKE_USABLE && !memcmp(buf, NOMAGIC, MAGIC_L)) {
203 log_dbg("Marking LUKS device %s usable.", rnc.device);
204 memcpy(buf, MAGIC, MAGIC_L);
206 } else if (set_magic == CHECK_UNUSABLE) {
207 r = memcmp(buf, NOMAGIC, MAGIC_L) ? -EINVAL : 0;
209 rnc.device_uuid = strndup(&buf[0xa8], 40);
215 if (lseek(devfd, 0, SEEK_SET) == -1)
217 s = write(devfd, buf, block_size);
218 if (s < 0 || s != block_size) {
219 log_verbose(_("Cannot write device %s.\n"), rnc.device);
223 log_dbg("LUKS signature check failed for %s.", rnc.device);
226 memset(buf, 0, block_size);
232 static int create_empty_header(const char *new_file, uint64_t size)
237 log_dbg("Creating empty file %s of size %lu.", new_file, (unsigned long)size);
239 if (!(buf = malloc(size)))
241 memset(buf, 0, size);
243 fd = creat(new_file, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
249 if (write(fd, buf, size) < size)
257 static int write_log(void)
259 static char buf[512];
262 //log_dbg("Updating LUKS reencryption log offset %" PRIu64 ".", offset);
263 memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
264 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "# LUKS reencryption log, DO NOT EDIT OR DELETE.\n"
265 "version = %d\nUUID = %s\ndirection = %d\n"
266 "offset = %" PRIu64 "\nshift = %" PRIu64 "\n# EOF\n",
267 1, rnc.device_uuid, rnc.reencrypt_direction,
268 rnc.device_offset, rnc.device_shift);
270 lseek(rnc.log_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
271 r = write(rnc.log_fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
272 if (r < 0 || r != sizeof(buf))
278 static int parse_line_log(const char *line)
288 if (sscanf(line, "version = %d", &i) == 1) {
290 log_dbg("Log: Unexpected version = %i", i);
293 } else if (sscanf(line, "UUID = %40s", s) == 1) {
294 if (!rnc.device_uuid || strcmp(rnc.device_uuid, s)) {
295 log_dbg("Log: Unexpected UUID %s", s);
298 } else if (sscanf(line, "direction = %d", &i) == 1) {
299 log_dbg("Log: direction = %i", i);
300 rnc.reencrypt_direction = i;
301 } else if (sscanf(line, "offset = %" PRIu64, &u64) == 1) {
302 log_dbg("Log: offset = %" PRIu64, u64);
303 rnc.device_offset = u64;
304 } else if (sscanf(line, "shift = %" PRIu64, &u64) == 1) {
305 log_dbg("Log: shift = %" PRIu64, u64);
306 rnc.device_shift = u64;
313 static int parse_log(void)
315 static char buf[512];
319 s = read(rnc.log_fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
326 end = strchr(start, '\n');
329 if (parse_line_log(start)) {
330 log_err("Wrong log format.\n");
341 static int open_log(void)
346 if(stat(rnc.log_file, &st) < 0) {
347 log_dbg("Creating LUKS reencryption log file %s.", rnc.log_file);
349 // FIXME: move that somewhere else
350 rnc.reencrypt_direction = BACKWARD;
352 flags = opt_directio ? O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_DIRECT : O_RDWR|O_CREAT;
353 rnc.log_fd = open(rnc.log_file, flags, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
354 if (rnc.log_fd == -1)
359 log_dbg("Log file %s exists, restarting.", rnc.log_file);
360 flags = opt_directio ? O_RDWR|O_DIRECT : O_RDWR;
361 rnc.log_fd = open(rnc.log_file, flags);
362 if (rnc.log_fd == -1)
367 /* Be sure it is correct format */
371 static void close_log(void)
373 log_dbg("Closing LUKS reencryption log file %s.", rnc.log_file);
374 if (rnc.log_fd != -1)
378 static int activate_luks_headers(void)
380 struct crypt_device *cd = NULL, *cd_new = NULL;
383 log_dbg("Activating LUKS devices from headers.");
385 if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, rnc.header_file_org)) ||
386 (r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS1, NULL)) ||
387 (r = crypt_set_data_device(cd, rnc.device)))
390 if ((r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, rnc.header_file_org,
391 CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, rnc.password, rnc.passwordLen,
392 CRYPT_ACTIVATE_READONLY|CRYPT_ACTIVATE_PRIVATE)) < 0)
395 if ((r = crypt_init(&cd_new, rnc.header_file_new)) ||
396 (r = crypt_load(cd_new, CRYPT_LUKS1, NULL)) ||
397 (r = crypt_set_data_device(cd_new, rnc.device)))
400 if ((r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd_new, rnc.header_file_new,
401 CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, rnc.password, rnc.passwordLen,
402 CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SHARED|CRYPT_ACTIVATE_PRIVATE)) < 0)
410 static int backup_luks_headers(void)
412 struct crypt_device *cd = NULL, *cd_new = NULL;
413 struct crypt_params_luks1 params = {0};
414 char cipher [MAX_CIPHER_LEN], cipher_mode[MAX_CIPHER_LEN];
417 log_dbg("Creating LUKS header backup for device %s.", rnc.device);
418 if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, rnc.device)) ||
419 (r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS1, NULL)))
422 crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, NULL, NULL);
423 if ((r = crypt_header_backup(cd, CRYPT_LUKS1, rnc.header_file_org)))
426 if ((r = create_empty_header(rnc.header_file_new,
427 crypt_get_data_offset(cd) * 512)))
430 params.hash = opt_hash ?: DEFAULT_LUKS1_HASH;
431 params.data_alignment = crypt_get_data_offset(cd);
432 params.data_device = rnc.device;
434 if ((r = crypt_init(&cd_new, rnc.header_file_new)))
438 crypt_set_rng_type(cd_new, CRYPT_RNG_RANDOM);
439 else if (opt_urandom)
440 crypt_set_rng_type(cd_new, CRYPT_RNG_URANDOM);
442 if (opt_iteration_time)
443 crypt_set_iteration_time(cd_new, opt_iteration_time);
446 r = crypt_parse_name_and_mode(opt_cipher, cipher, NULL, cipher_mode);
448 log_err(_("No known cipher specification pattern detected.\n"));
453 if ((r = crypt_format(cd_new, CRYPT_LUKS1,
454 opt_cipher ? cipher : crypt_get_cipher(cd),
455 opt_cipher ? cipher_mode : crypt_get_cipher_mode(cd),
457 NULL, crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd), ¶ms)))
460 if ((r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_volume_key(cd_new, rnc.keyslot,
461 NULL, 0, rnc.password, rnc.passwordLen)) < 0)
470 static void remove_headers(void)
472 struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
474 if (crypt_init(&cd, NULL))
476 crypt_set_log_callback(cd, _quiet_log, NULL);
477 (void)crypt_deactivate(cd, rnc.header_file_org);
478 (void)crypt_deactivate(cd, rnc.header_file_new);
482 static int restore_luks_header(const char *backup)
484 struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
487 r = crypt_init(&cd, rnc.device);
490 crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, NULL, NULL);
491 r = crypt_header_restore(cd, CRYPT_LUKS1, backup);
498 void print_progress(uint64_t bytes, int final)
500 uint64_t mbytes = bytes / 1024 / 1024;
501 struct timeval now_time;
504 gettimeofday(&now_time, NULL);
505 if (!final && time_diff(rnc.end_time, now_time) < 0.5)
508 rnc.end_time = now_time;
513 tdiff = time_diff(rnc.start_time, rnc.end_time);
517 log_err("\33[2K\rProgress: %5.1f%%, time elapsed %3.1f seconds, %4"
518 PRIu64 " MB written, speed %5.2f MB/s%s",
519 (double)bytes / rnc.device_size * 100,
520 time_diff(rnc.start_time, rnc.end_time),
521 mbytes, (double)(mbytes) / tdiff,
525 static int copy_data_forward(int fd_old, int fd_new, size_t block_size, void *buf, uint64_t *bytes)
530 while (rnc.device_offset < rnc.device_size) {
531 s1 = read(fd_old, buf, block_size);
532 if (s1 < 0 || (s1 != block_size && (rnc.device_offset + s1) != rnc.device_size)) {
533 log_err("Read error, expecting %d, got %d.\n", (int)block_size, (int)s1);
536 s2 = write(fd_new, buf, s1);
538 log_err("Write error, expecting %d, got %d.\n", (int)block_size, (int)s2);
541 rnc.device_offset += s1;
542 if (opt_write_log && write_log() < 0) {
543 log_err("Log write error, some data are perhaps lost.\n");
547 *bytes += (uint64_t)s2;
548 print_progress(*bytes, 0);
554 static int copy_data_backward(int fd_old, int fd_new, size_t block_size, void *buf, uint64_t *bytes)
556 ssize_t s1, s2, working_offset, working_block;
559 while (rnc.device_offset) {
560 if (rnc.device_offset < block_size) {
562 working_block = rnc.device_offset;
564 working_offset = rnc.device_offset - block_size;
565 working_block = block_size;
568 if (lseek(fd_old, working_offset, SEEK_SET) < 0 ||
569 lseek(fd_new, working_offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
571 //log_err("off: %06d, size %06d\n", working_offset, block_size);
573 s1 = read(fd_old, buf, working_block);
574 if (s1 < 0 || (s1 != working_block)) {
575 log_err("Read error, expecting %d, got %d.\n", (int)block_size, (int)s1);
578 s2 = write(fd_new, buf, working_block);
580 log_err("Write error, expecting %d, got %d.\n", (int)block_size, (int)s2);
583 rnc.device_offset -= s1;
584 if (opt_write_log && write_log() < 0) {
585 log_err("Log write error, some data are perhaps lost.\n");
589 *bytes += (uint64_t)s2;
590 print_progress(*bytes, 0);
596 static int copy_data(void)
598 size_t block_size = opt_bsize * 1024 * 1024;
599 int fd_old = -1, fd_new = -1;
604 fd_old = open(rnc.crypt_path_org, O_RDONLY | (opt_directio ? O_DIRECT : 0));
608 fd_new = open(rnc.crypt_path_new, O_WRONLY | (opt_directio ? O_DIRECT : 0));
612 if (lseek(fd_old, rnc.device_offset, SEEK_SET) == -1)
615 if (lseek(fd_new, rnc.device_offset, SEEK_SET) == -1)
619 if (ioctl(fd_old, BLKGETSIZE64, &rnc.device_size) < 0)
622 if (posix_memalign((void *)&buf, alignment(fd_new), block_size)) {
627 // FIXME: all this should be in init
628 if (!rnc.in_progress && rnc.reencrypt_direction == BACKWARD)
629 rnc.device_offset = rnc.device_size;
631 gettimeofday(&rnc.start_time, NULL);
633 if (rnc.reencrypt_direction == FORWARD)
634 r = copy_data_forward(fd_old, fd_new, block_size, buf, &bytes);
636 r = copy_data_backward(fd_old, fd_new, block_size, buf, &bytes);
637 print_progress(bytes, 1);
640 log_err("ERROR during reencryption.\n");
643 log_err("Log write error, ignored.\n");
654 static int initialize_uuid(void)
656 struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
659 /* Try to load LUKS from device */
660 if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, rnc.device)))
662 crypt_set_log_callback(cd, _quiet_log, NULL);
663 r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS1, NULL);
665 rnc.device_uuid = strdup(crypt_get_uuid(cd));
667 /* Reencryption already in progress - magic header? */
668 r = device_magic(CHECK_UNUSABLE);
674 static int initialize_passphrase(const char *device)
676 struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
679 if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, device)) ||
680 (r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS1, NULL)) ||
681 (r = crypt_set_data_device(cd, rnc.device)))
684 if ((r = crypt_get_key(_("Enter LUKS passphrase: "),
685 &rnc.password, &rnc.passwordLen,
690 if ((r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL,
691 CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, rnc.password, rnc.passwordLen, 0) < 0))
703 static int initialize_context(const char *device)
705 log_dbg("Initialising reencryption context.");
709 if (!(rnc.device = strndup(device, PATH_MAX)))
712 if (opt_new_file && !create_uuid()) {
713 log_err("Cannot create fake header.\n");
717 if (initialize_uuid()) {
718 log_err("No header found on device.\n");
722 /* Prepare device names */
723 if (snprintf(rnc.log_file, PATH_MAX,
724 "LUKS-%s.log", rnc.device_uuid) < 0)
726 if (snprintf(rnc.header_file_org, PATH_MAX,
727 "LUKS-%s.org", rnc.device_uuid) < 0)
729 if (snprintf(rnc.header_file_new, PATH_MAX,
730 "LUKS-%s.new", rnc.device_uuid) < 0)
733 /* Paths to encrypted devices */
734 if (snprintf(rnc.crypt_path_org, PATH_MAX,
735 "%s/%s", crypt_get_dir(), rnc.header_file_org) < 0)
737 if (snprintf(rnc.crypt_path_new, PATH_MAX,
738 "%s/%s", crypt_get_dir(), rnc.header_file_new) < 0)
744 // FIXME: add some routine to handle it
745 sigemptyset(&signals_open);
746 sigaddset(&signals_open, SIGINT);
747 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &signals_open, NULL);
752 static void destroy_context(void)
754 log_dbg("Destroying reencryption context.");
759 if ((rnc.reencrypt_direction == FORWARD &&
760 rnc.device_offset == rnc.device_size) ||
761 rnc.device_offset == 0) {
762 unlink(rnc.log_file);
763 unlink(rnc.header_file_org);
764 unlink(rnc.header_file_new);
767 crypt_safe_free(rnc.password);
770 free(rnc.device_uuid);
772 sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &signals_open, NULL);
775 int run_reencrypt(const char *device)
779 if (initialize_context(device))
782 log_dbg("Running reencryption.");
784 if (!rnc.in_progress) {
785 if ((r = initialize_passphrase(rnc.device)) ||
786 (r = backup_luks_headers()) ||
787 (r = device_magic(MAKE_UNUSABLE)))
790 if ((r = initialize_passphrase(rnc.header_file_org)))
794 if ((r = activate_luks_headers()))
797 if ((r = copy_data()))
800 r = restore_luks_header(rnc.header_file_new);
806 static __attribute__ ((noreturn)) void usage(poptContext popt_context,
807 int exitcode, const char *error,
810 poptPrintUsage(popt_context, stderr, 0);
812 log_err("%s: %s\n", more, error);
813 poptFreeContext(popt_context);
817 static void help(poptContext popt_context,
818 enum poptCallbackReason reason __attribute__((unused)),
819 struct poptOption *key,
820 const char *arg __attribute__((unused)),
821 void *data __attribute__((unused)))
823 usage(popt_context, EXIT_SUCCESS, NULL, NULL);
826 static void _dbg_version_and_cmd(int argc, const char **argv)
830 log_std("# %s %s processing \"", PACKAGE_NAME, PACKAGE_VERSION);
831 for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
834 log_std("%s", argv[i]);
839 int main(int argc, const char **argv)
841 static struct poptOption popt_help_options[] = {
842 { NULL, '\0', POPT_ARG_CALLBACK, help, 0, NULL, NULL },
843 { "help", '?', POPT_ARG_NONE, NULL, 0, N_("Show this help message"), NULL },
844 { "usage", '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, NULL, 0, N_("Display brief usage"), NULL },
847 static struct poptOption popt_options[] = {
848 { NULL, '\0', POPT_ARG_INCLUDE_TABLE, popt_help_options, 0, N_("Help options:"), NULL },
849 { "version", '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_version_mode, 0, N_("Print package version"), NULL },
850 { "verbose", 'v', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_verbose, 0, N_("Shows more detailed error messages"), NULL },
851 { "debug", '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_debug, 0, N_("Show debug messages"), NULL },
852 { "block-size", 'B', POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_bsize, 0, N_("Reencryption block size"), N_("MB") },
853 { "new-header", 'N', POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_new, 0, N_("Create new header, need size on the end of device"), N_("MB") },
854 { "new-crypt", 'f', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_new_file, 0, N_("Log suffix for new reencryption file."), NULL },
855 { "cipher", 'c', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_cipher, 0, N_("The cipher used to encrypt the disk (see /proc/crypto)"), NULL },
856 { "hash", 'h', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_hash, 0, N_("The hash used to create the encryption key from the passphrase"), NULL },
857 { "key-file", 'd', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_key_file, 0, N_("Read the key from a file."), NULL },
858 { "iter-time", 'i', POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_iteration_time, 0, N_("PBKDF2 iteration time for LUKS (in ms)"), N_("msecs") },
859 { "batch-mode", 'q', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_batch_mode, 0, N_("Do not ask for confirmation"), NULL },
860 { "use-random", '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_random, 0, N_("Use /dev/random for generating volume key."), NULL },
861 { "use-urandom", '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_urandom, 0, N_("Use /dev/urandom for generating volume key."), NULL },
862 { "use-directio", '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_directio, 0, N_("Use direct-io when accesing devices."), NULL },
863 { "write-log", '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_write_log, 0, N_("Update log file after every block."), NULL },
866 poptContext popt_context;
869 crypt_set_log_callback(NULL, _log, NULL);
870 log_err("WARNING: this is experimental code, it can completely break your data.\n");
872 setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
873 bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
876 popt_context = poptGetContext(PACKAGE, argc, argv, popt_options, 0);
877 poptSetOtherOptionHelp(popt_context,
878 N_("[OPTION...] <device>]"));
880 while((r = poptGetNextOpt(popt_context)) > 0) {
886 usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, poptStrerror(r),
887 poptBadOption(popt_context, POPT_BADOPTION_NOALIAS));
888 if (opt_version_mode) {
889 log_std("%s %s\n", PACKAGE_NAME, PACKAGE_VERSION);
890 poptFreeContext(popt_context);
894 action_argv = poptGetArgs(popt_context);
896 usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Argument required."),
897 poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
899 if (opt_random && opt_urandom)
900 usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Only one of --use-[u]random options is allowed."),
901 poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
903 if (opt_new && !opt_new_file)
904 usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("You have to use -f with -N."),
905 poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
909 crypt_set_debug_level(-1);
910 _dbg_version_and_cmd(argc, argv);
913 r = run_reencrypt(action_argv[0]);
915 poptFreeContext(popt_context);
917 /* Translate exit code to simple codes */
919 case 0: r = EXIT_SUCCESS; break;
921 case -EBUSY: r = 5; break;
923 case -ENODEV: r = 4; break;
924 case -ENOMEM: r = 3; break;
925 case -EPERM: r = 2; break;
929 default: r = EXIT_FAILURE;