1 /* cp.c -- file copying (main routines)
2 Copyright (C) 89, 90, 91, 1995-2004 Free Software Foundation.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
16 Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
18 Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering. */
22 #include <sys/types.h>
28 #include "backupfile.h"
33 #include "path-concat.h"
37 #define ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA(Dest, File_name) \
41 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (tmp_abns_, (File_name)); \
42 strip_trailing_slashes (tmp_abns_); \
43 Dest = base_name (tmp_abns_); \
47 /* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix). */
48 #define PROGRAM_NAME "cp"
50 #define AUTHORS "Torbjorn Granlund", "David MacKenzie", "Jim Meyering"
52 #ifndef _POSIX_VERSION
56 /* Used by do_copy, make_path_private, and re_protect
57 to keep a list of leading directories whose protections
58 need to be fixed after copying. */
63 struct dir_attr *next;
66 /* For long options that have no equivalent short option, use a
67 non-character as a pseudo short option, starting with CHAR_MAX + 1. */
70 COPY_CONTENTS_OPTION = CHAR_MAX + 1,
71 NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION,
73 PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION,
76 STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION,
77 TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION,
78 UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING
81 /* Initial number of entries in each hash table entry's table of inodes. */
82 #define INITIAL_HASH_MODULE 100
84 /* Initial number of entries in the inode hash table. */
85 #define INITIAL_ENTRY_TAB_SIZE 70
87 /* The invocation name of this program. */
90 /* If nonzero, the command "cp x/e_file e_dir" uses "e_dir/x/e_file"
91 as its destination instead of the usual "e_dir/e_file." */
92 static int flag_path = 0;
94 /* Remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument. */
95 static int remove_trailing_slashes;
97 static char const *const sparse_type_string[] =
99 "never", "auto", "always", 0
102 static enum Sparse_type const sparse_type[] =
104 SPARSE_NEVER, SPARSE_AUTO, SPARSE_ALWAYS
107 /* Valid arguments to the `--reply' option. */
108 static char const* const reply_args[] =
110 "yes", "no", "query", 0
113 /* The values that correspond to the above strings. */
114 static int const reply_vals[] =
116 I_ALWAYS_YES, I_ALWAYS_NO, I_ASK_USER
119 static struct option const long_opts[] =
121 {"archive", no_argument, NULL, 'a'},
122 {"backup", optional_argument, NULL, 'b'},
123 {"copy-contents", no_argument, NULL, COPY_CONTENTS_OPTION},
124 {"dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'L'},
125 {"force", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
126 {"interactive", no_argument, NULL, 'i'},
127 {"link", no_argument, NULL, 'l'},
128 {"no-dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
129 {"no-preserve", required_argument, NULL, NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION},
130 {"one-file-system", no_argument, NULL, 'x'},
131 {"parents", no_argument, NULL, PARENTS_OPTION},
132 {"path", no_argument, NULL, PARENTS_OPTION}, /* Deprecated. */
133 {"preserve", optional_argument, NULL, PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION},
134 {"recursive", no_argument, NULL, 'R'},
135 {"remove-destination", no_argument, NULL, UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING},
136 {"reply", required_argument, NULL, REPLY_OPTION},
137 {"sparse", required_argument, NULL, SPARSE_OPTION},
138 {"strip-trailing-slashes", no_argument, NULL, STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION},
139 {"suffix", required_argument, NULL, 'S'},
140 {"symbolic-link", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
141 {"target-directory", required_argument, NULL, TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION},
142 {"update", no_argument, NULL, 'u'},
143 {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
144 {"version-control", required_argument, NULL, 'V'}, /* Deprecated. FIXME. */
145 {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
146 {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
153 if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
154 fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
159 Usage: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST\n\
160 or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY\n\
161 or: %s [OPTION]... --target-directory=DIRECTORY SOURCE...\n\
163 program_name, program_name, program_name);
165 Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.\n\
169 Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.\n\
172 -a, --archive same as -dpR\n\
173 --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file\n\
174 -b like --backup but does not accept an argument\n\
175 --copy-contents copy contents of special files when recursive\n\
176 -d same as --no-dereference --preserve=link\n\
179 --no-dereference never follow symbolic links\n\
180 -f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be\n\
181 opened, remove it and try again\n\
182 -i, --interactive prompt before overwrite\n\
183 -H follow command-line symbolic links\n\
186 -l, --link link files instead of copying\n\
187 -L, --dereference always follow symbolic links\n\
188 -p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps\n\
189 --preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default:\n\
190 mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible\n\
191 additional attributes: links, all\n\
194 --no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes\n\
195 --parents append source path to DIRECTORY\n\
196 -P same as `--no-dereference'\n\
199 -R, -r, --recursive copy directories recursively\n\
200 --remove-destination remove each existing destination file before\n\
201 attempting to open it (contrast with --force)\n\
204 --reply={yes,no,query} specify how to handle the prompt about an\n\
205 existing destination file\n\
206 --sparse=WHEN control creation of sparse files\n\
207 --strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE\n\
211 -s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying\n\
212 -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix\n\
213 --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY\n\
216 -u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer\n\
217 than the destination file or when the\n\
218 destination file is missing\n\
219 -v, --verbose explain what is being done\n\
220 -x, --one-file-system stay on this file system\n\
222 fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
223 fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
226 By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and the\n\
227 corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behavior\n\
228 selected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DEST\n\
229 file whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes.\n\
230 Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files.\n\
234 The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.\n\
235 The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through\n\
236 the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:\n\
240 none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)\n\
241 numbered, t make numbered backups\n\
242 existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise\n\
243 simple, never always make simple backups\n\
247 As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup\n\
248 options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,\n\
251 printf (_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
256 /* Ensure that the parent directories of CONST_DST_PATH have the
257 correct protections, for the --parents option. This is done
258 after all copying has been completed, to allow permissions
259 that don't include user write/execute.
261 SRC_OFFSET is the index in CONST_DST_PATH of the beginning of the
262 source directory name.
264 ATTR_LIST is a null-terminated linked list of structures that
265 indicates the end of the filename of each intermediate directory
266 in CONST_DST_PATH that may need to have its attributes changed.
267 The command `cp --parents --preserve a/b/c d/e_dir' changes the
268 attributes of the directories d/e_dir/a and d/e_dir/a/b to match
269 the corresponding source directories regardless of whether they
270 existed before the `cp' command was given.
272 Return 0 if the parent of CONST_DST_PATH and any intermediate
273 directories specified by ATTR_LIST have the proper permissions
274 when done, otherwise 1. */
277 re_protect (const char *const_dst_path, int src_offset,
278 struct dir_attr *attr_list, const struct cp_options *x)
281 char *dst_path; /* A copy of CONST_DST_PATH we can change. */
282 char *src_path; /* The source name in `dst_path'. */
283 uid_t myeuid = geteuid ();
285 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (dst_path, const_dst_path);
286 src_path = dst_path + src_offset;
288 for (p = attr_list; p; p = p->next)
292 dst_path[p->slash_offset] = '\0';
294 if (XSTAT (x, src_path, &src_sb))
296 error (0, errno, _("failed to get attributes of %s"),
301 /* Adjust the times (and if possible, ownership) for the copy.
302 chown turns off set[ug]id bits for non-root,
303 so do the chmod last. */
305 if (x->preserve_timestamps)
307 struct timespec timespec[2];
309 timespec[0].tv_sec = src_sb.st_atime;
310 timespec[0].tv_nsec = TIMESPEC_NS (src_sb.st_atim);
311 timespec[1].tv_sec = src_sb.st_mtime;
312 timespec[1].tv_nsec = TIMESPEC_NS (src_sb.st_mtim);
314 if (utimens (dst_path, timespec))
316 error (0, errno, _("failed to preserve times for %s"),
322 if (x->preserve_ownership)
324 /* If non-root uses -p, it's ok if we can't preserve ownership.
325 But root probably wants to know, e.g. if NFS disallows it,
326 or if the target system doesn't support file ownership. */
327 if (chown (dst_path, src_sb.st_uid, src_sb.st_gid)
328 && ((errno != EPERM && errno != EINVAL) || myeuid == 0))
330 error (0, errno, _("failed to preserve ownership for %s"),
336 if (x->preserve_mode || p->is_new_dir)
338 if (chmod (dst_path, src_sb.st_mode & x->umask_kill))
340 error (0, errno, _("failed to preserve permissions for %s"),
346 dst_path[p->slash_offset] = '/';
351 /* Ensure that the parent directory of CONST_DIRPATH exists, for
352 the --parents option.
354 SRC_OFFSET is the index in CONST_DIRPATH (which is a destination
355 path) of the beginning of the source directory name.
356 Create any leading directories that don't already exist,
357 giving them permissions MODE.
358 If VERBOSE_FMT_STRING is nonzero, use it as a printf format
359 string for printing a message after successfully making a directory.
360 The format should take two string arguments: the names of the
361 source and destination directories.
362 Creates a linked list of attributes of intermediate directories,
363 *ATTR_LIST, for re_protect to use after calling copy.
364 Sets *NEW_DST to 1 if this function creates parent of CONST_DIRPATH.
366 Return 0 if parent of CONST_DIRPATH exists as a directory with the proper
367 permissions when done, otherwise 1. */
369 /* FIXME: find a way to synch this function with the one in lib/makepath.c. */
372 make_path_private (const char *const_dirpath, int src_offset, int mode,
373 const char *verbose_fmt_string, struct dir_attr **attr_list,
374 int *new_dst, int (*xstat)())
377 char *dirpath; /* A copy of CONST_DIRPATH we can change. */
378 char *src; /* Source name in `dirpath'. */
379 char *dst_dirname; /* Leading path of `dirpath'. */
380 size_t dirlen; /* Length of leading path of `dirpath'. */
382 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (dirpath, const_dirpath);
384 src = dirpath + src_offset;
386 dirlen = dir_len (dirpath);
387 dst_dirname = alloca (dirlen + 1);
388 memcpy (dst_dirname, dirpath, dirlen);
389 dst_dirname[dirlen] = '\0';
393 if ((*xstat) (dst_dirname, &stats))
395 /* Parent of CONST_DIRNAME does not exist.
396 Make all missing intermediate directories. */
400 while (*slash == '/')
402 while ((slash = strchr (slash, '/')))
404 /* Add this directory to the list of directories whose modes need
406 struct dir_attr *new = xmalloc (sizeof *new);
407 new->slash_offset = slash - dirpath;
408 new->next = *attr_list;
412 if ((*xstat) (dirpath, &stats))
414 /* This element of the path does not exist. We must set
415 *new_dst and new->is_new_dir inside this loop because,
416 for example, in the command `cp --parents ../a/../b/c e_dir',
417 make_path_private creates only e_dir/../a if ./b already
421 if (mkdir (dirpath, mode))
423 error (0, errno, _("cannot make directory %s"),
429 if (verbose_fmt_string != NULL)
430 printf (verbose_fmt_string, src, dirpath);
433 else if (!S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
435 error (0, 0, _("%s exists but is not a directory"),
446 /* Avoid unnecessary calls to `stat' when given
447 pathnames containing multiple adjacent slashes. */
448 while (*slash == '/')
453 /* We get here if the parent of `dirpath' already exists. */
455 else if (!S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
457 error (0, 0, _("%s exists but is not a directory"), quote (dst_dirname));
467 /* Scan the arguments, and copy each by calling copy.
468 Return 0 if successful, 1 if any errors occur. */
471 do_copy (int n_files, char **file, const char *target_directory,
472 struct cp_options *x)
482 error (0, 0, _("missing file argument"));
483 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
485 if (n_files == 1 && !target_directory)
487 error (0, 0, _("missing destination file"));
488 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
491 if (target_directory)
492 dest = target_directory;
495 dest = file[n_files - 1];
499 /* Initialize these hash tables only if we'll need them.
500 The problems they're used to detect can arise only if
501 there are two or more files to copy. */
508 if (lstat (dest, &sb))
512 error (0, errno, _("accessing %s"), quote (dest));
522 /* If `dest' is not a symlink to a nonexistent file, use
523 the results of stat instead of lstat, so we can copy files
524 into symlinks to directories. */
525 if (stat (dest, &sbx) == 0)
528 dest_is_dir = S_ISDIR (sb.st_mode);
533 if (target_directory || 1 < n_files)
537 msg = N_("%s: specified destination directory does not exist");
538 else if (target_directory)
539 msg = N_("%s: specified target is not a directory");
540 else /* n_files > 1 */
542 N_("copying multiple files, but last argument %s is not a directory");
544 error (0, 0, _(msg), quote (dest));
545 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
551 /* cp file1...filen edir
552 Copy the files `file1' through `filen'
553 to the existing directory `edir'. */
555 int (*xstat)() = (x->dereference == DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS
556 || x->dereference == DEREF_ALWAYS
560 for (i = 0; i < n_files; i++)
563 int parent_exists = 1; /* True if dir_name (dst_path) exists. */
564 struct dir_attr *attr_list;
565 char *arg_in_concat = NULL;
568 /* Trailing slashes are meaningful (i.e., maybe worth preserving)
569 only in the source file names. */
570 if (remove_trailing_slashes)
571 strip_trailing_slashes (arg);
575 char *arg_no_trailing_slash;
577 /* Use `arg' without trailing slashes in constructing destination
578 file names. Otherwise, we can end up trying to create a
579 directory via `mkdir ("dst/foo/"...', which is not portable.
580 It fails, due to the trailing slash, on at least
581 NetBSD 1.[34] systems. */
582 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (arg_no_trailing_slash, arg);
583 strip_trailing_slashes (arg_no_trailing_slash);
585 /* Append all of `arg' (minus any trailing slash) to `dest'. */
586 dst_path = path_concat (dest, arg_no_trailing_slash,
588 if (dst_path == NULL)
591 /* For --parents, we have to make sure that the directory
592 dir_name (dst_path) exists. We may have to create a few
593 leading directories. */
594 parent_exists = !make_path_private (dst_path,
595 arg_in_concat - dst_path,
598 ? "%s -> %s\n" : NULL),
599 &attr_list, &new_dst,
605 /* Append the last component of `arg' to `dest'. */
607 ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA (arg_base, arg);
608 /* For `cp -R source/.. dest', don't copy into `dest/..'. */
609 dst_path = (STREQ (arg_base, "..")
611 : path_concat (dest, arg_base, NULL));
616 /* make_path_private failed, so don't even attempt the copy. */
622 ret |= copy (arg, dst_path, new_dst, x, ©_into_self, NULL);
626 ret |= re_protect (dst_path, arg_in_concat - dst_path,
635 else /* if (n_files == 1) */
640 struct stat source_stats;
645 _("when preserving paths, the destination must be a directory"));
646 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
651 /* When the force and backup options have been specified and
652 the source and destination are the same name for an existing
653 regular file, convert the user's command, e.g.,
654 `cp --force --backup foo foo' to `cp --force foo fooSUFFIX'
655 where SUFFIX is determined by any version control options used. */
657 if (x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open
658 && x->backup_type != none
659 && STREQ (source, dest)
660 && !new_dst && S_ISREG (sb.st_mode))
662 static struct cp_options x_tmp;
664 new_dest = find_backup_file_name (dest, x->backup_type);
665 /* Set x->backup_type to `none' so that the normal backup
666 mechanism is not used when performing the actual copy.
667 backup_type must be set to `none' only *after* the above
668 call to find_backup_file_name -- that function uses
669 backup_type to determine the suffix it applies. */
671 x_tmp.backup_type = none;
674 if (new_dest == NULL)
678 /* When the destination is specified with a trailing slash and the
679 source exists but is not a directory, convert the user's command
680 `cp source dest/' to `cp source dest/basename(source)'. Doing
681 this ensures that the command `cp non-directory file/' will now
682 fail rather than performing the copy. COPY diagnoses the case of
683 `cp directory non-directory'. */
685 else if (dest[strlen (dest) - 1] == '/'
686 && lstat (source, &source_stats) == 0
687 && !S_ISDIR (source_stats.st_mode))
691 ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA (source_base, source);
692 new_dest = alloca (strlen (dest) + strlen (source_base) + 1);
693 stpcpy (stpcpy (new_dest, dest), source_base);
697 new_dest = (char *) dest;
700 return copy (source, new_dest, new_dst, x, &unused, NULL);
707 cp_option_init (struct cp_options *x)
709 x->copy_as_regular = 1;
710 x->dereference = DEREF_UNDEFINED;
711 x->unlink_dest_before_opening = 0;
712 x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open = 0;
714 x->interactive = I_UNSPECIFIED;
715 x->myeuid = geteuid ();
717 x->one_file_system = 0;
719 x->preserve_ownership = 0;
720 x->preserve_links = 0;
721 x->preserve_mode = 0;
722 x->preserve_timestamps = 0;
724 x->require_preserve = 0;
726 x->sparse_mode = SPARSE_AUTO;
727 x->symbolic_link = 0;
734 /* Find out the current file creation mask, to knock the right bits
735 when using chmod. The creation mask is set to be liberal, so
736 that created directories can be written, even if it would not
737 have been allowed with the mask this process was started with. */
738 x->umask_kill = ~ umask (0);
746 /* Given a string, ARG, containing a comma-separated list of arguments
747 to the --preserve option, set the appropriate fields of X to ON_OFF. */
749 decode_preserve_arg (char const *arg, struct cp_options *x, int on_off)
759 static enum File_attribute const preserve_vals[] =
761 PRESERVE_MODE, PRESERVE_TIMESTAMPS,
762 PRESERVE_OWNERSHIP, PRESERVE_LINK, PRESERVE_ALL
765 /* Valid arguments to the `--preserve' option. */
766 static char const* const preserve_args[] =
768 "mode", "timestamps",
769 "ownership", "links", "all", 0
772 char *arg_writable = xstrdup (arg);
773 char *s = arg_writable;
776 /* find next comma */
777 char *comma = strchr (s, ',');
778 enum File_attribute val;
780 /* If we found a comma, put a NUL in its place and advance. */
785 val = XARGMATCH ("--preserve", s, preserve_args, preserve_vals);
789 x->preserve_mode = on_off;
792 case PRESERVE_TIMESTAMPS:
793 x->preserve_timestamps = on_off;
796 case PRESERVE_OWNERSHIP:
797 x->preserve_ownership = on_off;
801 x->preserve_links = on_off;
805 x->preserve_mode = on_off;
806 x->preserve_timestamps = on_off;
807 x->preserve_ownership = on_off;
808 x->preserve_links = on_off;
822 main (int argc, char **argv)
826 int make_backups = 0;
827 char *backup_suffix_string;
828 char *version_control_string = NULL;
830 int copy_contents = 0;
831 char *target_directory = NULL;
833 initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
834 program_name = argv[0];
835 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
836 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
837 textdomain (PACKAGE);
839 atexit (close_stdout);
843 /* FIXME: consider not calling getenv for SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX unless
844 we'll actually use backup_suffix_string. */
845 backup_suffix_string = getenv ("SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX");
847 while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "abdfHilLprsuvxPRS:V:", long_opts, NULL))
856 x.sparse_mode = XARGMATCH ("--sparse", optarg,
857 sparse_type_string, sparse_type);
860 case 'a': /* Like -dpPR. */
861 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
862 x.preserve_links = 1;
863 x.preserve_ownership = 1;
865 x.preserve_timestamps = 1;
866 x.require_preserve = 1;
870 case 'V': /* FIXME: this is deprecated. Remove it in 2001. */
872 _("warning: --version-control (-V) is obsolete; support for\
873 it\nwill be removed in some future release. Use --backup=%s instead."
880 version_control_string = optarg;
883 case COPY_CONTENTS_OPTION:
888 x.preserve_links = 1;
889 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
893 x.unlink_dest_after_failed_open = 1;
897 x.dereference = DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS;
901 x.interactive = I_ASK_USER;
909 x.dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
913 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
916 case NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION:
917 decode_preserve_arg (optarg, &x, 0);
920 case PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION:
923 /* Fall through to the case for `p' below. */
927 decode_preserve_arg (optarg, &x, 1);
928 x.require_preserve = 1;
933 x.preserve_ownership = 1;
935 x.preserve_timestamps = 1;
936 x.require_preserve = 1;
949 x.interactive = XARGMATCH ("--reply", optarg,
950 reply_args, reply_vals);
953 case UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING:
954 x.unlink_dest_before_opening = 1;
957 case STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION:
958 remove_trailing_slashes = 1;
965 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
966 _("symbolic links are not supported on this system"));
970 case TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION:
971 target_directory = optarg;
983 x.one_file_system = 1;
988 backup_suffix_string = optarg;
991 case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
993 case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);
996 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
1000 if (x.hard_link && x.symbolic_link)
1002 error (0, 0, _("cannot make both hard and symbolic links"));
1003 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
1006 if (backup_suffix_string)
1007 simple_backup_suffix = xstrdup (backup_suffix_string);
1009 x.backup_type = (make_backups
1010 ? xget_version (_("backup type"),
1011 version_control_string)
1014 if (x.preserve_mode == 1)
1015 x.umask_kill = ~ (mode_t) 0;
1017 if (x.dereference == DEREF_UNDEFINED)
1020 /* This is compatible with FreeBSD. */
1021 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
1023 x.dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
1026 /* The key difference between -d (--no-dereference) and not is the version
1027 of `stat' to call. */
1030 x.copy_as_regular = copy_contents;
1032 /* If --force (-f) was specified and we're in link-creation mode,
1033 first remove any existing destination file. */
1034 if (x.unlink_dest_after_failed_open && (x.hard_link || x.symbolic_link))
1035 x.unlink_dest_before_opening = 1;
1037 /* Allocate space for remembering copied and created files. */
1041 exit_status = do_copy (argc - optind, argv + optind, target_directory, &x);