1 /* cp.c -- file copying (main routines)
2 Copyright (C) 89, 90, 91, 1995-2003 Free Software Foundation.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
16 Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
18 Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering. */
22 #include <sys/types.h>
28 #include "backupfile.h"
33 #include "path-concat.h"
37 #define ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA(Dest, File_name) \
41 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (tmp_abns_, (File_name)); \
42 strip_trailing_slashes (tmp_abns_); \
43 Dest = base_name (tmp_abns_); \
47 /* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix). */
48 #define PROGRAM_NAME "cp"
50 #define AUTHORS "Torbjorn Granlund", "David MacKenzie", "Jim Meyering"
52 #ifndef _POSIX_VERSION
56 /* Used by do_copy, make_path_private, and re_protect
57 to keep a list of leading directories whose protections
58 need to be fixed after copying. */
63 struct dir_attr *next;
66 /* For long options that have no equivalent short option, use a
67 non-character as a pseudo short option, starting with CHAR_MAX + 1. */
70 COPY_CONTENTS_OPTION = CHAR_MAX + 1,
71 NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION,
73 PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION,
76 STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION,
77 TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION,
78 UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING
81 /* Initial number of entries in each hash table entry's table of inodes. */
82 #define INITIAL_HASH_MODULE 100
84 /* Initial number of entries in the inode hash table. */
85 #define INITIAL_ENTRY_TAB_SIZE 70
87 /* The invocation name of this program. */
90 /* If nonzero, the command "cp x/e_file e_dir" uses "e_dir/x/e_file"
91 as its destination instead of the usual "e_dir/e_file." */
92 static int flag_path = 0;
94 /* Remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument. */
95 static int remove_trailing_slashes;
97 static char const *const sparse_type_string[] =
99 "never", "auto", "always", 0
102 static enum Sparse_type const sparse_type[] =
104 SPARSE_NEVER, SPARSE_AUTO, SPARSE_ALWAYS
107 /* Valid arguments to the `--reply' option. */
108 static char const* const reply_args[] =
110 "yes", "no", "query", 0
113 /* The values that correspond to the above strings. */
114 static int const reply_vals[] =
116 I_ALWAYS_YES, I_ALWAYS_NO, I_ASK_USER
119 /* The error code to return to the system. */
120 static int exit_status = 0;
122 static struct option const long_opts[] =
124 {"archive", no_argument, NULL, 'a'},
125 {"backup", optional_argument, NULL, 'b'},
126 {"copy-contents", no_argument, NULL, COPY_CONTENTS_OPTION},
127 {"dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'L'},
128 {"force", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
129 {"interactive", no_argument, NULL, 'i'},
130 {"link", no_argument, NULL, 'l'},
131 {"no-dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
132 {"no-preserve", required_argument, NULL, NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION},
133 {"one-file-system", no_argument, NULL, 'x'},
134 {"parents", no_argument, NULL, PARENTS_OPTION},
135 {"path", no_argument, NULL, PARENTS_OPTION}, /* Deprecated. */
136 {"preserve", optional_argument, NULL, PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION},
137 {"recursive", no_argument, NULL, 'R'},
138 {"remove-destination", no_argument, NULL, UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING},
139 {"reply", required_argument, NULL, REPLY_OPTION},
140 {"sparse", required_argument, NULL, SPARSE_OPTION},
141 {"strip-trailing-slashes", no_argument, NULL, STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION},
142 {"suffix", required_argument, NULL, 'S'},
143 {"symbolic-link", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
144 {"target-directory", required_argument, NULL, TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION},
145 {"update", no_argument, NULL, 'u'},
146 {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
147 {"version-control", required_argument, NULL, 'V'}, /* Deprecated. FIXME. */
148 {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
149 {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
157 fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
162 Usage: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST\n\
163 or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY\n\
164 or: %s [OPTION]... --target-directory=DIRECTORY SOURCE...\n\
166 program_name, program_name, program_name);
168 Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.\n\
172 Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.\n\
175 -a, --archive same as -dpR\n\
176 --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file\n\
177 -b like --backup but does not accept an argument\n\
178 --copy-contents copy contents of special files when recursive\n\
179 -d same as --no-dereference --preserve=link\n\
182 --no-dereference never follow symbolic links\n\
183 -f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be\n\
184 opened, remove it and try again\n\
185 -i, --interactive prompt before overwrite\n\
186 -H follow command-line symbolic links\n\
189 -l, --link link files instead of copying\n\
190 -L, --dereference always follow symbolic links\n\
191 -p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps\n\
192 --preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default:\n\
193 mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible\n\
194 additional attributes: links, all\n\
197 --no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes\n\
198 --parents append source path to DIRECTORY\n\
199 -P same as `--no-dereference'\n\
202 -R, -r, --recursive copy directories recursively\n\
203 --remove-destination remove each existing destination file before\n\
204 attempting to open it (contrast with --force)\n\
207 --reply={yes,no,query} specify how to handle the prompt about an\n\
208 existing destination file\n\
209 --sparse=WHEN control creation of sparse files\n\
210 --strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE\n\
214 -s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying\n\
215 -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix\n\
216 --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY\n\
219 -u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer\n\
220 than the destination file or when the\n\
221 destination file is missing\n\
222 -v, --verbose explain what is being done\n\
223 -x, --one-file-system stay on this file system\n\
225 fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
226 fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
229 By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and the\n\
230 corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behavior\n\
231 selected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DEST\n\
232 file whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes.\n\
233 Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files.\n\
237 The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.\n\
238 The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through\n\
239 the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:\n\
243 none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)\n\
244 numbered, t make numbered backups\n\
245 existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise\n\
246 simple, never always make simple backups\n\
250 As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup\n\
251 options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,\n\
254 printf (_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
259 /* Ensure that the parent directories of CONST_DST_PATH have the
260 correct protections, for the --parents option. This is done
261 after all copying has been completed, to allow permissions
262 that don't include user write/execute.
264 SRC_OFFSET is the index in CONST_DST_PATH of the beginning of the
265 source directory name.
267 ATTR_LIST is a null-terminated linked list of structures that
268 indicates the end of the filename of each intermediate directory
269 in CONST_DST_PATH that may need to have its attributes changed.
270 The command `cp --parents --preserve a/b/c d/e_dir' changes the
271 attributes of the directories d/e_dir/a and d/e_dir/a/b to match
272 the corresponding source directories regardless of whether they
273 existed before the `cp' command was given.
275 Return 0 if the parent of CONST_DST_PATH and any intermediate
276 directories specified by ATTR_LIST have the proper permissions
277 when done, otherwise 1. */
280 re_protect (const char *const_dst_path, int src_offset,
281 struct dir_attr *attr_list, const struct cp_options *x)
284 char *dst_path; /* A copy of CONST_DST_PATH we can change. */
285 char *src_path; /* The source name in `dst_path'. */
286 uid_t myeuid = geteuid ();
288 dst_path = alloca (strlen (const_dst_path) + 1);
289 strcpy (dst_path, const_dst_path);
290 src_path = dst_path + src_offset;
292 for (p = attr_list; p; p = p->next)
296 dst_path[p->slash_offset] = '\0';
298 if ((*(x->xstat)) (src_path, &src_sb))
300 error (0, errno, _("failed to get attributes of %s"),
305 /* Adjust the times (and if possible, ownership) for the copy.
306 chown turns off set[ug]id bits for non-root,
307 so do the chmod last. */
309 if (x->preserve_timestamps)
311 struct timespec timespec[2];
313 timespec[0].tv_sec = src_sb.st_atime;
314 timespec[0].tv_nsec = TIMESPEC_NS (src_sb.st_atim);
315 timespec[1].tv_sec = src_sb.st_mtime;
316 timespec[1].tv_nsec = TIMESPEC_NS (src_sb.st_mtim);
318 if (utimens (dst_path, timespec))
320 error (0, errno, _("failed to preserve times for %s"),
326 if (x->preserve_ownership)
328 /* If non-root uses -p, it's ok if we can't preserve ownership.
329 But root probably wants to know, e.g. if NFS disallows it,
330 or if the target system doesn't support file ownership. */
331 if (chown (dst_path, src_sb.st_uid, src_sb.st_gid)
332 && ((errno != EPERM && errno != EINVAL) || myeuid == 0))
334 error (0, errno, _("failed to preserve ownership for %s"),
340 if (x->preserve_mode || p->is_new_dir)
342 if (chmod (dst_path, src_sb.st_mode & x->umask_kill))
344 error (0, errno, _("failed to preserve permissions for %s"),
350 dst_path[p->slash_offset] = '/';
355 /* Ensure that the parent directory of CONST_DIRPATH exists, for
356 the --parents option.
358 SRC_OFFSET is the index in CONST_DIRPATH (which is a destination
359 path) of the beginning of the source directory name.
360 Create any leading directories that don't already exist,
361 giving them permissions MODE.
362 If VERBOSE_FMT_STRING is nonzero, use it as a printf format
363 string for printing a message after successfully making a directory.
364 The format should take two string arguments: the names of the
365 source and destination directories.
366 Creates a linked list of attributes of intermediate directories,
367 *ATTR_LIST, for re_protect to use after calling copy.
368 Sets *NEW_DST to 1 if this function creates parent of CONST_DIRPATH.
370 Return 0 if parent of CONST_DIRPATH exists as a directory with the proper
371 permissions when done, otherwise 1. */
373 /* FIXME: find a way to synch this function with the one in lib/makepath.c. */
376 make_path_private (const char *const_dirpath, int src_offset, int mode,
377 const char *verbose_fmt_string, struct dir_attr **attr_list,
378 int *new_dst, int (*xstat)())
381 char *dirpath; /* A copy of CONST_DIRPATH we can change. */
382 char *src; /* Source name in `dirpath'. */
383 char *dst_dirname; /* Leading path of `dirpath'. */
384 size_t dirlen; /* Length of leading path of `dirpath'. */
386 dirpath = alloca (strlen (const_dirpath) + 1);
387 strcpy (dirpath, const_dirpath);
389 src = dirpath + src_offset;
391 dirlen = dir_len (dirpath);
392 dst_dirname = alloca (dirlen + 1);
393 memcpy (dst_dirname, dirpath, dirlen);
394 dst_dirname[dirlen] = '\0';
398 if ((*xstat) (dst_dirname, &stats))
400 /* Parent of CONST_DIRNAME does not exist.
401 Make all missing intermediate directories. */
405 while (*slash == '/')
407 while ((slash = strchr (slash, '/')))
409 /* Add this directory to the list of directories whose modes need
411 struct dir_attr *new =
412 xmalloc (sizeof (struct dir_attr));
413 new->slash_offset = slash - dirpath;
414 new->next = *attr_list;
418 if ((*xstat) (dirpath, &stats))
420 /* This element of the path does not exist. We must set
421 *new_dst and new->is_new_dir inside this loop because,
422 for example, in the command `cp --parents ../a/../b/c e_dir',
423 make_path_private creates only e_dir/../a if ./b already
427 if (mkdir (dirpath, mode))
429 error (0, errno, _("cannot make directory %s"),
435 if (verbose_fmt_string != NULL)
436 printf (verbose_fmt_string, src, dirpath);
439 else if (!S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
441 error (0, 0, _("%s exists but is not a directory"),
452 /* Avoid unnecessary calls to `stat' when given
453 pathnames containing multiple adjacent slashes. */
454 while (*slash == '/')
459 /* We get here if the parent of `dirpath' already exists. */
461 else if (!S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
463 error (0, 0, _("%s exists but is not a directory"), quote (dst_dirname));
473 /* Scan the arguments, and copy each by calling copy.
474 Return 0 if successful, 1 if any errors occur. */
477 do_copy (int n_files, char **file, const char *target_directory,
478 struct cp_options *x)
488 error (0, 0, _("missing file argument"));
489 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
491 if (n_files == 1 && !target_directory)
493 error (0, 0, _("missing destination file"));
494 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
497 if (target_directory)
498 dest = target_directory;
501 dest = file[n_files - 1];
505 /* Initialize these hash tables only if we'll need them.
506 The problems they're used to detect can arise only if
507 there are two or more files to copy. */
514 if (lstat (dest, &sb))
518 error (0, errno, _("accessing %s"), quote (dest));
528 /* If `dest' is not a symlink to a nonexistent file, use
529 the results of stat instead of lstat, so we can copy files
530 into symlinks to directories. */
531 if (stat (dest, &sbx) == 0)
534 dest_is_dir = S_ISDIR (sb.st_mode);
539 if (target_directory || 1 < n_files)
543 msg = N_("%s: specified destination directory does not exist");
544 else if (target_directory)
545 msg = N_("%s: specified target is not a directory");
546 else /* n_files > 1 */
548 N_("copying multiple files, but last argument %s is not a directory");
550 error (0, 0, _(msg), quote (dest));
551 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
557 /* cp file1...filen edir
558 Copy the files `file1' through `filen'
559 to the existing directory `edir'. */
562 for (i = 0; i < n_files; i++)
565 int parent_exists = 1; /* True if dir_name (dst_path) exists. */
566 struct dir_attr *attr_list;
567 char *arg_in_concat = NULL;
570 /* Trailing slashes are meaningful (i.e., maybe worth preserving)
571 only in the source file names. */
572 if (remove_trailing_slashes)
573 strip_trailing_slashes (arg);
577 char *arg_no_trailing_slash;
579 /* Use `arg' without trailing slashes in constructing destination
580 file names. Otherwise, we can end up trying to create a
581 directory via `mkdir ("dst/foo/"...', which is not portable.
582 It fails, due to the trailing slash, on at least
583 NetBSD 1.[34] systems. */
584 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (arg_no_trailing_slash, arg);
585 strip_trailing_slashes (arg_no_trailing_slash);
587 /* Append all of `arg' (minus any trailing slash) to `dest'. */
588 dst_path = path_concat (dest, arg_no_trailing_slash,
590 if (dst_path == NULL)
593 /* For --parents, we have to make sure that the directory
594 dir_name (dst_path) exists. We may have to create a few
595 leading directories. */
596 parent_exists = !make_path_private (dst_path,
597 arg_in_concat - dst_path,
600 ? "%s -> %s\n" : NULL),
601 &attr_list, &new_dst,
607 /* Append the last component of `arg' to `dest'. */
609 ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA (arg_base, arg);
610 /* For `cp -R source/.. dest', don't copy into `dest/..'. */
611 dst_path = (STREQ (arg_base, "..")
613 : path_concat (dest, arg_base, NULL));
618 /* make_path_private failed, so don't even attempt the copy. */
624 ret |= copy (arg, dst_path, new_dst, x, ©_into_self, NULL);
628 ret |= re_protect (dst_path, arg_in_concat - dst_path,
637 else /* if (n_files == 1) */
642 struct stat source_stats;
647 _("when preserving paths, the destination must be a directory"));
648 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
653 /* When the force and backup options have been specified and
654 the source and destination are the same name for an existing
655 regular file, convert the user's command, e.g.,
656 `cp --force --backup foo foo' to `cp --force foo fooSUFFIX'
657 where SUFFIX is determined by any version control options used. */
659 if (x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open
660 && x->backup_type != none
661 && STREQ (source, dest)
662 && !new_dst && S_ISREG (sb.st_mode))
664 static struct cp_options x_tmp;
666 new_dest = find_backup_file_name (dest, x->backup_type);
667 /* Set x->backup_type to `none' so that the normal backup
668 mechanism is not used when performing the actual copy.
669 backup_type must be set to `none' only *after* the above
670 call to find_backup_file_name -- that function uses
671 backup_type to determine the suffix it applies. */
673 x_tmp.backup_type = none;
676 if (new_dest == NULL)
680 /* When the destination is specified with a trailing slash and the
681 source exists but is not a directory, convert the user's command
682 `cp source dest/' to `cp source dest/basename(source)'. Doing
683 this ensures that the command `cp non-directory file/' will now
684 fail rather than performing the copy. COPY diagnoses the case of
685 `cp directory non-directory'. */
687 else if (dest[strlen (dest) - 1] == '/'
688 && lstat (source, &source_stats) == 0
689 && !S_ISDIR (source_stats.st_mode))
693 ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA (source_base, source);
694 new_dest = alloca (strlen (dest) + strlen (source_base) + 1);
695 stpcpy (stpcpy (new_dest, dest), source_base);
699 new_dest = (char *) dest;
702 return copy (source, new_dest, new_dst, x, &unused, NULL);
709 cp_option_init (struct cp_options *x)
711 x->copy_as_regular = 1;
712 x->dereference = DEREF_UNDEFINED;
713 x->unlink_dest_before_opening = 0;
714 x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open = 0;
716 x->interactive = I_UNSPECIFIED;
717 x->myeuid = geteuid ();
719 x->one_file_system = 0;
721 x->preserve_ownership = 0;
722 x->preserve_links = 0;
723 x->preserve_mode = 0;
724 x->preserve_timestamps = 0;
726 x->require_preserve = 0;
728 x->sparse_mode = SPARSE_AUTO;
729 x->symbolic_link = 0;
736 /* Find out the current file creation mask, to knock the right bits
737 when using chmod. The creation mask is set to be liberal, so
738 that created directories can be written, even if it would not
739 have been allowed with the mask this process was started with. */
740 x->umask_kill = ~ umask (0);
748 /* Given a string, ARG, containing a comma-separated list of arguments
749 to the --preserve option, set the appropriate fields of X to ON_OFF. */
751 decode_preserve_arg (char const *arg, struct cp_options *x, int on_off)
761 static enum File_attribute const preserve_vals[] =
763 PRESERVE_MODE, PRESERVE_TIMESTAMPS,
764 PRESERVE_OWNERSHIP, PRESERVE_LINK, PRESERVE_ALL
767 /* Valid arguments to the `--preserve' option. */
768 static char const* const preserve_args[] =
770 "mode", "timestamps",
771 "ownership", "links", "all", 0
774 char *arg_writable = xstrdup (arg);
775 char *s = arg_writable;
778 /* find next comma */
779 char *comma = strchr (s, ',');
780 enum File_attribute val;
782 /* If we found a comma, put a NUL in its place and advance. */
787 val = XARGMATCH ("--preserve", s, preserve_args, preserve_vals);
791 x->preserve_mode = on_off;
794 case PRESERVE_TIMESTAMPS:
795 x->preserve_timestamps = on_off;
798 case PRESERVE_OWNERSHIP:
799 x->preserve_ownership = on_off;
803 x->preserve_links = on_off;
807 x->preserve_mode = on_off;
808 x->preserve_timestamps = on_off;
809 x->preserve_ownership = on_off;
810 x->preserve_links = on_off;
824 main (int argc, char **argv)
827 int make_backups = 0;
828 char *backup_suffix_string;
829 char *version_control_string = NULL;
831 int copy_contents = 0;
832 char *target_directory = NULL;
834 initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
835 program_name = argv[0];
836 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
837 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
838 textdomain (PACKAGE);
840 atexit (close_stdout);
844 /* FIXME: consider not calling getenv for SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX unless
845 we'll actually use backup_suffix_string. */
846 backup_suffix_string = getenv ("SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX");
848 while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "abdfHilLprsuvxPRS:V:", long_opts, NULL))
857 x.sparse_mode = XARGMATCH ("--sparse", optarg,
858 sparse_type_string, sparse_type);
861 case 'a': /* Like -dpPR. */
862 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
863 x.preserve_links = 1;
864 x.preserve_ownership = 1;
866 x.preserve_timestamps = 1;
867 x.require_preserve = 1;
871 case 'V': /* FIXME: this is deprecated. Remove it in 2001. */
873 _("warning: --version-control (-V) is obsolete; support for\
874 it\nwill be removed in some future release. Use --backup=%s instead."
881 version_control_string = optarg;
884 case COPY_CONTENTS_OPTION:
889 x.preserve_links = 1;
890 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
894 x.unlink_dest_after_failed_open = 1;
898 x.dereference = DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS;
902 x.interactive = I_ASK_USER;
910 x.dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
914 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
917 case NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION:
918 decode_preserve_arg (optarg, &x, 0);
921 case PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION:
924 /* Fall through to the case for `p' below. */
928 decode_preserve_arg (optarg, &x, 1);
929 x.require_preserve = 1;
934 x.preserve_ownership = 1;
936 x.preserve_timestamps = 1;
937 x.require_preserve = 1;
950 x.interactive = XARGMATCH ("--reply", optarg,
951 reply_args, reply_vals);
954 case UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING:
955 x.unlink_dest_before_opening = 1;
958 case STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION:
959 remove_trailing_slashes = 1;
966 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
967 _("symbolic links are not supported on this system"));
971 case TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION:
972 target_directory = optarg;
984 x.one_file_system = 1;
989 backup_suffix_string = optarg;
992 case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
994 case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);
997 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
1001 if (x.hard_link && x.symbolic_link)
1003 error (0, 0, _("cannot make both hard and symbolic links"));
1004 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
1007 if (backup_suffix_string)
1008 simple_backup_suffix = xstrdup (backup_suffix_string);
1010 x.backup_type = (make_backups
1011 ? xget_version (_("backup type"),
1012 version_control_string)
1015 if (x.preserve_mode == 1)
1016 x.umask_kill = ~ (mode_t) 0;
1018 if (x.dereference == DEREF_UNDEFINED)
1021 /* This is compatible with FreeBSD. */
1022 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
1024 x.dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
1027 /* The key difference between -d (--no-dereference) and not is the version
1028 of `stat' to call. */
1030 if (x.dereference == DEREF_NEVER)
1034 /* For DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS, x.xstat must be stat for
1035 each command line argument, but must later be `lstat' for
1036 any symlinks that are found via recursive traversal. */
1041 x.copy_as_regular = copy_contents;
1043 /* If --force (-f) was specified and we're in link-creation mode,
1044 first remove any existing destination file. */
1045 if (x.unlink_dest_after_failed_open && (x.hard_link || x.symbolic_link))
1046 x.unlink_dest_before_opening = 1;
1048 /* Allocate space for remembering copied and created files. */
1052 exit_status |= do_copy (argc - optind, argv + optind, target_directory, &x);