1 /* cp.c -- file copying (main routines)
2 Copyright (C) 89, 90, 91, 1995-2001 Free Software Foundation.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
16 Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
18 Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering. */
26 #include <sys/types.h>
32 #include "backupfile.h"
37 #include "path-concat.h"
40 #define ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA(Dest, File_name) \
44 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (tmp_abns_, (File_name)); \
45 strip_trailing_slashes (tmp_abns_); \
46 Dest = base_name (tmp_abns_); \
50 /* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix). */
51 #define PROGRAM_NAME "cp"
53 #define AUTHORS N_ ("Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering")
55 #ifndef _POSIX_VERSION
59 /* Used by do_copy, make_path_private, and re_protect
60 to keep a list of leading directories whose protections
61 need to be fixed after copying. */
66 struct dir_attr *next;
69 /* For long options that have no equivalent short option, use a
70 non-character as a pseudo short option, starting with CHAR_MAX + 1. */
73 NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION = CHAR_MAX + 1,
75 PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION,
78 STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION,
79 TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION,
80 UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING
83 /* Initial number of entries in each hash table entry's table of inodes. */
84 #define INITIAL_HASH_MODULE 100
86 /* Initial number of entries in the inode hash table. */
87 #define INITIAL_ENTRY_TAB_SIZE 70
89 /* The invocation name of this program. */
92 /* If nonzero, the command "cp x/e_file e_dir" uses "e_dir/x/e_file"
93 as its destination instead of the usual "e_dir/e_file." */
94 static int flag_path = 0;
96 /* Remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument. */
97 static int remove_trailing_slashes;
99 static char const *const sparse_type_string[] =
101 "never", "auto", "always", 0
104 static enum Sparse_type const sparse_type[] =
106 SPARSE_NEVER, SPARSE_AUTO, SPARSE_ALWAYS
109 /* Valid arguments to the `--reply' option. */
110 static char const* const reply_args[] =
112 "yes", "no", "query", 0
115 /* The values that correspond to the above strings. */
116 static int const reply_vals[] =
118 I_ALWAYS_YES, I_ALWAYS_NO, I_ASK_USER
121 /* The error code to return to the system. */
122 static int exit_status = 0;
124 static struct option const long_opts[] =
126 {"archive", no_argument, NULL, 'a'},
127 {"backup", optional_argument, NULL, 'b'},
128 {"dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'L'},
129 {"force", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
130 {"interactive", no_argument, NULL, 'i'},
131 {"link", no_argument, NULL, 'l'},
132 {"no-dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
133 {"no-preserve", required_argument, NULL, NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION},
134 {"one-file-system", no_argument, NULL, 'x'},
135 {"parents", no_argument, NULL, PARENTS_OPTION},
136 {"path", no_argument, NULL, PARENTS_OPTION}, /* Deprecated. */
137 {"preserve", optional_argument, NULL, PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION},
138 {"recursive", no_argument, NULL, 'R'},
139 {"remove-destination", no_argument, NULL, UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING},
140 {"reply", required_argument, NULL, REPLY_OPTION},
141 {"sparse", required_argument, NULL, SPARSE_OPTION},
142 {"strip-trailing-slashes", no_argument, NULL, STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION},
143 {"suffix", required_argument, NULL, 'S'},
144 {"symbolic-link", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
145 {"target-directory", required_argument, NULL, TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION},
146 {"update", no_argument, NULL, 'u'},
147 {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
148 {"version-control", required_argument, NULL, 'V'}, /* Deprecated. FIXME. */
149 {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
150 {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
158 fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
163 Usage: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST\n\
164 or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY\n\
165 or: %s [OPTION]... --target-directory=DIRECTORY SOURCE...\n\
167 program_name, program_name, program_name);
169 Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.\n\
171 -a, --archive same as -dpR\n\
172 --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file\n\
173 -b like --backup but does not accept an argument\n\
174 -d same as --no-dereference --preserve=link\n\
177 --no-dereference never follow symbolic links\n\
178 -f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be\n\
179 opened, remove it and try again\n\
180 -i, --interactive prompt before overwrite\n\
181 -H follow command-line symbolic links\n\
184 -l, --link link files instead of copying\n\
185 -L, --dereference always follow symbolic links\n\
186 -p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps\n\
187 --preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default:\n\
188 mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible\n\
189 additional attributes: links, all\n\
192 --no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes\n\
193 --parents append source path to DIRECTORY\n\
194 -P same as `--no-dereference'\n\
197 -r copy recursively, non-directories as files\n\
198 WARNING: use -R instead when you might copy\n\
199 special files like FIFOs or /dev/zero\n\
200 --remove-destination remove each existing destination file before\n\
201 attempting to open it (contrast with --force)\n\
204 --sparse=WHEN control creation of sparse files\n\
205 -R, --recursive copy directories recursively\n\
206 --reply={yes,no,query} specify how to handle the prompt about an\n\
207 existing destination file\n\
208 --strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE\n\
212 -s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying\n\
213 -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix\n\
214 --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY\n\
215 -u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer\n\
216 than the destination file or when the\n\
217 destination file is missing\n\
220 -v, --verbose explain what is being done\n\
221 -x, --one-file-system stay on this file system\n\
222 --help display this help and exit\n\
223 --version output version information and exit\n\
227 By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and the\n\
228 corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behavior\n\
229 selected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DEST\n\
230 file whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes.\n\
231 Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files.\n\
235 The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.\n\
236 The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through\n\
237 the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:\n\
241 none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)\n\
242 numbered, t make numbered backups\n\
243 existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise\n\
244 simple, never always make simple backups\n\
248 As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup\n\
249 options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,\n\
252 puts (_("\nReport bugs to <bug-fileutils@gnu.org>."));
257 /* Ensure that the parent directories of CONST_DST_PATH have the
258 correct protections, for the --parents option. This is done
259 after all copying has been completed, to allow permissions
260 that don't include user write/execute.
262 SRC_OFFSET is the index in CONST_DST_PATH of the beginning of the
263 source directory name.
265 ATTR_LIST is a null-terminated linked list of structures that
266 indicates the end of the filename of each intermediate directory
267 in CONST_DST_PATH that may need to have its attributes changed.
268 The command `cp --parents --preserve a/b/c d/e_dir' changes the
269 attributes of the directories d/e_dir/a and d/e_dir/a/b to match
270 the corresponding source directories regardless of whether they
271 existed before the `cp' command was given.
273 Return 0 if the parent of CONST_DST_PATH and any intermediate
274 directories specified by ATTR_LIST have the proper permissions
275 when done, otherwise 1. */
278 re_protect (const char *const_dst_path, int src_offset,
279 struct dir_attr *attr_list, const struct cp_options *x)
282 char *dst_path; /* A copy of CONST_DST_PATH we can change. */
283 char *src_path; /* The source name in `dst_path'. */
284 uid_t myeuid = geteuid ();
286 dst_path = (char *) alloca (strlen (const_dst_path) + 1);
287 strcpy (dst_path, const_dst_path);
288 src_path = dst_path + src_offset;
290 for (p = attr_list; p; p = p->next)
294 dst_path[p->slash_offset] = '\0';
296 if ((*(x->xstat)) (src_path, &src_sb))
298 error (0, errno, _("getting attributes of %s"),
303 /* Adjust the times (and if possible, ownership) for the copy.
304 chown turns off set[ug]id bits for non-root,
305 so do the chmod last. */
307 if (x->preserve_timestamps)
311 /* There's currently no interface to set file timestamps with
312 better than 1-second resolution, so discard any fractional
313 part of the source timestamp. */
315 utb.actime = src_sb.st_atime;
316 utb.modtime = src_sb.st_mtime;
318 if (utime (dst_path, &utb))
320 error (0, errno, _("preserving times for %s"), quote (dst_path));
325 if (x->preserve_ownership)
327 /* If non-root uses -p, it's ok if we can't preserve ownership.
328 But root probably wants to know, e.g. if NFS disallows it,
329 or if the target system doesn't support file ownership. */
330 if (chown (dst_path, src_sb.st_uid, src_sb.st_gid)
331 && ((errno != EPERM && errno != EINVAL) || myeuid == 0))
333 error (0, errno, _("preserving ownership for %s"),
339 if (x->preserve_mode || p->is_new_dir)
341 if (chmod (dst_path, src_sb.st_mode & x->umask_kill))
343 error (0, errno, _("preserving permissions for %s"),
349 dst_path[p->slash_offset] = '/';
354 /* Ensure that the parent directory of CONST_DIRPATH exists, for
355 the --parents option.
357 SRC_OFFSET is the index in CONST_DIRPATH (which is a destination
358 path) of the beginning of the source directory name.
359 Create any leading directories that don't already exist,
360 giving them permissions MODE.
361 If VERBOSE_FMT_STRING is nonzero, use it as a printf format
362 string for printing a message after successfully making a directory.
363 The format should take two string arguments: the names of the
364 source and destination directories.
365 Creates a linked list of attributes of intermediate directories,
366 *ATTR_LIST, for re_protect to use after calling copy.
367 Sets *NEW_DST to 1 if this function creates parent of CONST_DIRPATH.
369 Return 0 if parent of CONST_DIRPATH exists as a directory with the proper
370 permissions when done, otherwise 1. */
372 /* FIXME: find a way to synch this function with the one in lib/makepath.c. */
375 make_path_private (const char *const_dirpath, int src_offset, int mode,
376 const char *verbose_fmt_string, struct dir_attr **attr_list,
377 int *new_dst, int (*xstat)())
380 char *dirpath; /* A copy of CONST_DIRPATH we can change. */
381 char *src; /* Source name in `dirpath'. */
382 char *dst_dirname; /* Leading path of `dirpath'. */
383 size_t dirlen; /* Length of leading path of `dirpath'. */
385 dirpath = (char *) alloca (strlen (const_dirpath) + 1);
386 strcpy (dirpath, const_dirpath);
388 src = dirpath + src_offset;
390 dirlen = dir_len (dirpath);
391 dst_dirname = (char *) alloca (dirlen + 1);
392 memcpy (dst_dirname, dirpath, dirlen);
393 dst_dirname[dirlen] = '\0';
397 if ((*xstat) (dst_dirname, &stats))
399 /* Parent of CONST_DIRNAME does not exist.
400 Make all missing intermediate directories. */
404 while (*slash == '/')
406 while ((slash = strchr (slash, '/')))
408 /* Add this directory to the list of directories whose modes need
410 struct dir_attr *new =
411 (struct dir_attr *) xmalloc (sizeof (struct dir_attr));
412 new->slash_offset = slash - dirpath;
413 new->next = *attr_list;
417 if ((*xstat) (dirpath, &stats))
419 /* This element of the path does not exist. We must set
420 *new_dst and new->is_new_dir inside this loop because,
421 for example, in the command `cp --parents ../a/../b/c e_dir',
422 make_path_private creates only e_dir/../a if ./b already
426 if (mkdir (dirpath, mode))
428 error (0, errno, _("cannot make directory %s"),
434 if (verbose_fmt_string != NULL)
435 printf (verbose_fmt_string, src, dirpath);
438 else if (!S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
440 error (0, 0, _("%s exists but is not a directory"),
451 /* Avoid unnecessary calls to `stat' when given
452 pathnames containing multiple adjacent slashes. */
453 while (*slash == '/')
458 /* We get here if the parent of `dirpath' already exists. */
460 else if (!S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
462 error (0, 0, _("%s exists but is not a directory"), quote (dst_dirname));
472 /* Scan the arguments, and copy each by calling copy.
473 Return 0 if successful, 1 if any errors occur. */
476 do_copy (int n_files, char **file, const char *target_directory,
477 struct cp_options *x)
487 error (0, 0, _("missing file arguments"));
490 if (n_files == 1 && !target_directory)
492 error (0, 0, _("missing destination file"));
496 if (target_directory)
497 dest = target_directory;
500 dest = file[n_files - 1];
504 /* Initialize these hash tables only if we'll need them.
505 The problems they're used to detect can arise only if
506 there are two or more files to copy. */
513 if (lstat (dest, &sb))
517 error (0, errno, _("accessing %s"), quote (dest));
527 /* If `dest' is not a symlink to a nonexistent file, use
528 the results of stat instead of lstat, so we can copy files
529 into symlinks to directories. */
530 if (stat (dest, &sbx) == 0)
533 dest_is_dir = S_ISDIR (sb.st_mode);
538 if (target_directory)
540 error (0, 0, _("specified target, %s is not a directory"),
548 _("copying multiple files, but last argument %s is not a directory"),
556 /* cp file1...filen edir
557 Copy the files `file1' through `filen'
558 to the existing directory `edir'. */
561 for (i = 0; i < n_files; i++)
564 int parent_exists = 1; /* True if dir_name (dst_path) exists. */
565 struct dir_attr *attr_list;
566 char *arg_in_concat = NULL;
569 /* Trailing slashes are meaningful (i.e., maybe worth preserving)
570 only in the source file names. */
571 if (remove_trailing_slashes)
572 strip_trailing_slashes (arg);
576 char *arg_no_trailing_slash;
578 /* Use `arg' without trailing slashes in constructing destination
579 file names. Otherwise, we can end up trying to create a
580 directory via `mkdir ("dst/foo/"...', which is not portable.
581 It fails, due to the trailing slash, on at least
582 NetBSD 1.[34] systems. */
583 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (arg_no_trailing_slash, arg);
584 strip_trailing_slashes (arg_no_trailing_slash);
586 /* Append all of `arg' (minus any trailing slash) to `dest'. */
587 dst_path = path_concat (dest, arg_no_trailing_slash,
589 if (dst_path == NULL)
592 /* For --parents, we have to make sure that the directory
593 dir_name (dst_path) exists. We may have to create a few
594 leading directories. */
595 parent_exists = !make_path_private (dst_path,
596 arg_in_concat - dst_path,
599 ? "%s -> %s\n" : NULL),
600 &attr_list, &new_dst,
606 /* Append the last component of `arg' to `dest'. */
608 ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA (arg_base, arg);
609 /* For `cp -R source/.. dest', don't copy into `dest/..'. */
610 dst_path = (STREQ (arg_base, "..")
612 : path_concat (dest, arg_base, NULL));
617 /* make_path_private failed, so don't even attempt the copy. */
623 ret |= copy (arg, dst_path, new_dst, x, ©_into_self, NULL);
627 ret |= re_protect (dst_path, arg_in_concat - dst_path,
636 else /* if (n_files == 1) */
641 struct stat source_stats;
646 _("when preserving paths, the destination must be a directory"));
652 /* When the force and backup options have been specified and
653 the source and destination are the same name for an existing
654 regular file, convert the user's command, e.g.,
655 `cp --force --backup foo foo' to `cp --force foo fooSUFFIX'
656 where SUFFIX is determined by any version control options used. */
658 if (x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open
659 && x->backup_type != none
660 && STREQ (source, dest)
661 && !new_dst && S_ISREG (sb.st_mode))
663 static struct cp_options x_tmp;
665 new_dest = find_backup_file_name (dest, x->backup_type);
666 /* Set x->backup_type to `none' so that the normal backup
667 mechanism is not used when performing the actual copy.
668 backup_type must be set to `none' only *after* the above
669 call to find_backup_file_name -- that function uses
670 backup_type to determine the suffix it applies. */
672 x_tmp.backup_type = none;
675 if (new_dest == NULL)
679 /* When the destination is specified with a trailing slash and the
680 source exists but is not a directory, convert the user's command
681 `cp source dest/' to `cp source dest/basename(source)'. Doing
682 this ensures that the command `cp non-directory file/' will now
683 fail rather than performing the copy. COPY diagnoses the case of
684 `cp directory non-directory'. */
686 else if (dest[strlen (dest) - 1] == '/'
687 && lstat (source, &source_stats) == 0
688 && !S_ISDIR (source_stats.st_mode))
692 ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA (source_base, source);
693 new_dest = (char *) alloca (strlen (dest)
694 + strlen (source_base) + 1);
695 stpcpy (stpcpy (new_dest, dest), source_base);
699 new_dest = (char *) dest;
702 return copy (source, new_dest, new_dst, x, &unused, NULL);
709 cp_option_init (struct cp_options *x)
711 x->copy_as_regular = 1;
712 x->dereference = DEREF_UNDEFINED;
713 x->unlink_dest_before_opening = 0;
714 x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open = 0;
716 x->interactive = I_UNSPECIFIED;
717 x->myeuid = geteuid ();
719 x->one_file_system = 0;
721 x->preserve_ownership = 0;
722 x->preserve_links = 0;
723 x->preserve_mode = 0;
724 x->preserve_timestamps = 0;
726 x->require_preserve = 0;
728 x->sparse_mode = SPARSE_AUTO;
729 x->symbolic_link = 0;
736 /* Find out the current file creation mask, to knock the right bits
737 when using chmod. The creation mask is set to be liberal, so
738 that created directories can be written, even if it would not
739 have been allowed with the mask this process was started with. */
740 x->umask_kill = ~ umask (0);
748 /* Given a string, ARG, containing a comma-separated list of arguments
749 to the --preserve option, set the appropriate fields of X to ON_OFF. */
751 decode_preserve_arg (char const *arg, struct cp_options *x, int on_off)
761 static enum File_attribute const preserve_vals[] =
763 PRESERVE_MODE, PRESERVE_TIMESTAMPS,
764 PRESERVE_OWNERSHIP, PRESERVE_LINK, PRESERVE_ALL
767 /* Valid arguments to the `--reply' option. */
768 static char const* const preserve_args[] =
770 "mode", "timestamps",
771 "ownership", "links", "all", 0
774 char *arg_writable = xstrdup (arg);
775 char *s = arg_writable;
778 /* find next comma */
779 char *comma = strchr (s, ',');
780 enum File_attribute val;
782 /* put a NUL in its place */
787 val = XARGMATCH ("--preserve", s, preserve_args, preserve_vals);
791 x->preserve_mode = on_off;
794 case PRESERVE_TIMESTAMPS:
795 x->preserve_timestamps = on_off;
798 case PRESERVE_OWNERSHIP:
799 x->preserve_ownership = on_off;
803 x->preserve_links = on_off;
807 x->preserve_mode = on_off;
808 x->preserve_timestamps = on_off;
809 x->preserve_ownership = on_off;
810 x->preserve_links = on_off;
824 main (int argc, char **argv)
827 int make_backups = 0;
828 char *backup_suffix_string;
829 char *version_control_string = NULL;
831 char *target_directory = NULL;
833 program_name = argv[0];
834 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
835 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
836 textdomain (PACKAGE);
838 atexit (close_stdout);
842 /* FIXME: consider not calling getenv for SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX unless
843 we'll actually use backup_suffix_string. */
844 backup_suffix_string = getenv ("SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX");
846 while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "abdfHilLprsuvxPRS:V:", long_opts, NULL))
855 x.sparse_mode = XARGMATCH ("--sparse", optarg,
856 sparse_type_string, sparse_type);
859 case 'a': /* Like -dpR. */
860 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
861 x.preserve_links = 1;
862 x.preserve_ownership = 1;
864 x.preserve_timestamps = 1;
865 x.require_preserve = 1;
867 x.copy_as_regular = 0;
870 case 'V': /* FIXME: this is deprecated. Remove it in 2001. */
872 _("warning: --version-control (-V) is obsolete; support for\
873 it\nwill be removed in some future release. Use --backup=%s instead."
880 version_control_string = optarg;
884 x.preserve_links = 1;
885 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
889 x.unlink_dest_after_failed_open = 1;
893 x.dereference = DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS;
897 x.interactive = I_ASK_USER;
905 x.dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
909 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
912 case NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION:
913 decode_preserve_arg (optarg, &x, 0);
916 case PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION:
919 /* Fall through to the case for `p' below. */
923 decode_preserve_arg (optarg, &x, 1);
924 x.require_preserve = 1;
929 x.preserve_ownership = 1;
931 x.preserve_timestamps = 1;
932 x.require_preserve = 1;
941 x.copy_as_regular = 1;
946 x.copy_as_regular = 0;
950 x.interactive = XARGMATCH ("--reply", optarg,
951 reply_args, reply_vals);
954 case UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING:
955 x.unlink_dest_before_opening = 1;
958 case STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION:
959 remove_trailing_slashes = 1;
966 error (1, 0, _("symbolic links are not supported on this system"));
970 case TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION:
971 target_directory = optarg;
983 x.one_file_system = 1;
988 backup_suffix_string = optarg;
991 case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
993 case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);
1000 if (x.hard_link && x.symbolic_link)
1002 error (0, 0, _("cannot make both hard and symbolic links"));
1006 if (backup_suffix_string)
1007 simple_backup_suffix = xstrdup (backup_suffix_string);
1009 x.backup_type = (make_backups
1010 ? xget_version (_("backup type"),
1011 version_control_string)
1014 if (x.preserve_mode == 1)
1015 x.umask_kill = ~ (mode_t) 0;
1017 if (x.dereference == DEREF_UNDEFINED)
1020 /* This is compatible with FreeBSD. */
1021 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
1023 x.dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
1026 /* The key difference between -d (--no-dereference) and not is the version
1027 of `stat' to call. */
1029 if (x.dereference == DEREF_NEVER)
1033 /* For DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS, x.xstat must be stat for
1034 each command line argument, but must later be `lstat' for
1035 any symlinks that are found via recursive traversal. */
1039 /* If --force (-f) was specified and we're in link-creation mode,
1040 first remove any existing destination file. */
1041 if (x.unlink_dest_after_failed_open && (x.hard_link || x.symbolic_link))
1042 x.unlink_dest_before_opening = 1;
1044 /* Allocate space for remembering copied and created files. */
1048 exit_status |= do_copy (argc - optind, argv + optind, target_directory, &x);