1 /* cp.c -- file copying (main routines)
2 Copyright (C) 89, 90, 91, 1995-2004 Free Software Foundation.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
16 Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
18 Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering. */
22 #include <sys/types.h>
28 #include "backupfile.h"
33 #include "path-concat.h"
38 #define ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA(Dest, File_name) \
42 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (tmp_abns_, (File_name)); \
43 strip_trailing_slashes (tmp_abns_); \
44 Dest = base_name (tmp_abns_); \
48 /* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix). */
49 #define PROGRAM_NAME "cp"
51 #define AUTHORS "Torbjorn Granlund", "David MacKenzie", "Jim Meyering"
53 #ifndef _POSIX_VERSION
57 /* Used by do_copy, make_path_private, and re_protect
58 to keep a list of leading directories whose protections
59 need to be fixed after copying. */
64 struct dir_attr *next;
67 /* For long options that have no equivalent short option, use a
68 non-character as a pseudo short option, starting with CHAR_MAX + 1. */
71 COPY_CONTENTS_OPTION = CHAR_MAX + 1,
72 NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION,
74 PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION,
77 STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION,
78 TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION,
79 UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING
82 /* Initial number of entries in each hash table entry's table of inodes. */
83 #define INITIAL_HASH_MODULE 100
85 /* Initial number of entries in the inode hash table. */
86 #define INITIAL_ENTRY_TAB_SIZE 70
88 /* The invocation name of this program. */
91 /* If nonzero, the command "cp x/e_file e_dir" uses "e_dir/x/e_file"
92 as its destination instead of the usual "e_dir/e_file." */
93 static int flag_path = 0;
95 /* Remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument. */
96 static int remove_trailing_slashes;
98 static char const *const sparse_type_string[] =
100 "never", "auto", "always", 0
103 static enum Sparse_type const sparse_type[] =
105 SPARSE_NEVER, SPARSE_AUTO, SPARSE_ALWAYS
108 /* Valid arguments to the `--reply' option. */
109 static char const* const reply_args[] =
111 "yes", "no", "query", 0
114 /* The values that correspond to the above strings. */
115 static int const reply_vals[] =
117 I_ALWAYS_YES, I_ALWAYS_NO, I_ASK_USER
120 static struct option const long_opts[] =
122 {"archive", no_argument, NULL, 'a'},
123 {"backup", optional_argument, NULL, 'b'},
124 {"copy-contents", no_argument, NULL, COPY_CONTENTS_OPTION},
125 {"dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'L'},
126 {"force", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
127 {"interactive", no_argument, NULL, 'i'},
128 {"link", no_argument, NULL, 'l'},
129 {"no-dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
130 {"no-preserve", required_argument, NULL, NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION},
131 {"one-file-system", no_argument, NULL, 'x'},
132 {"parents", no_argument, NULL, PARENTS_OPTION},
133 {"path", no_argument, NULL, PARENTS_OPTION}, /* Deprecated. */
134 {"preserve", optional_argument, NULL, PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION},
135 {"recursive", no_argument, NULL, 'R'},
136 {"remove-destination", no_argument, NULL, UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING},
137 {"reply", required_argument, NULL, REPLY_OPTION},
138 {"sparse", required_argument, NULL, SPARSE_OPTION},
139 {"strip-trailing-slashes", no_argument, NULL, STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION},
140 {"suffix", required_argument, NULL, 'S'},
141 {"symbolic-link", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
142 {"target-directory", required_argument, NULL, TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION},
143 {"update", no_argument, NULL, 'u'},
144 {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
145 {"version-control", required_argument, NULL, 'V'}, /* Deprecated. FIXME. */
146 {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
147 {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
154 if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
155 fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
160 Usage: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST\n\
161 or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY\n\
162 or: %s [OPTION]... --target-directory=DIRECTORY SOURCE...\n\
164 program_name, program_name, program_name);
166 Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.\n\
170 Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.\n\
173 -a, --archive same as -dpR\n\
174 --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file\n\
175 -b like --backup but does not accept an argument\n\
176 --copy-contents copy contents of special files when recursive\n\
177 -d same as --no-dereference --preserve=link\n\
180 --no-dereference never follow symbolic links\n\
181 -f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be\n\
182 opened, remove it and try again\n\
183 -i, --interactive prompt before overwrite\n\
184 -H follow command-line symbolic links\n\
187 -l, --link link files instead of copying\n\
188 -L, --dereference always follow symbolic links\n\
189 -p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps\n\
190 --preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default:\n\
191 mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible\n\
192 additional attributes: links, all\n\
195 --no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes\n\
196 --parents append source path to DIRECTORY\n\
197 -P same as `--no-dereference'\n\
200 -R, -r, --recursive copy directories recursively\n\
201 --remove-destination remove each existing destination file before\n\
202 attempting to open it (contrast with --force)\n\
205 --reply={yes,no,query} specify how to handle the prompt about an\n\
206 existing destination file\n\
207 --sparse=WHEN control creation of sparse files\n\
208 --strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE\n\
212 -s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying\n\
213 -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix\n\
214 --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY\n\
217 -u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer\n\
218 than the destination file or when the\n\
219 destination file is missing\n\
220 -v, --verbose explain what is being done\n\
221 -x, --one-file-system stay on this file system\n\
223 fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
224 fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
227 By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and the\n\
228 corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behavior\n\
229 selected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DEST\n\
230 file whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes.\n\
231 Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files.\n\
235 The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.\n\
236 The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through\n\
237 the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:\n\
241 none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)\n\
242 numbered, t make numbered backups\n\
243 existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise\n\
244 simple, never always make simple backups\n\
248 As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup\n\
249 options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,\n\
252 printf (_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
257 /* Ensure that the parent directories of CONST_DST_PATH have the
258 correct protections, for the --parents option. This is done
259 after all copying has been completed, to allow permissions
260 that don't include user write/execute.
262 SRC_OFFSET is the index in CONST_DST_PATH of the beginning of the
263 source directory name.
265 ATTR_LIST is a null-terminated linked list of structures that
266 indicates the end of the filename of each intermediate directory
267 in CONST_DST_PATH that may need to have its attributes changed.
268 The command `cp --parents --preserve a/b/c d/e_dir' changes the
269 attributes of the directories d/e_dir/a and d/e_dir/a/b to match
270 the corresponding source directories regardless of whether they
271 existed before the `cp' command was given.
273 Return 0 if the parent of CONST_DST_PATH and any intermediate
274 directories specified by ATTR_LIST have the proper permissions
275 when done, otherwise 1. */
278 re_protect (const char *const_dst_path, int src_offset,
279 struct dir_attr *attr_list, const struct cp_options *x)
282 char *dst_path; /* A copy of CONST_DST_PATH we can change. */
283 char *src_path; /* The source name in `dst_path'. */
284 uid_t myeuid = geteuid ();
286 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (dst_path, const_dst_path);
287 src_path = dst_path + src_offset;
289 for (p = attr_list; p; p = p->next)
293 dst_path[p->slash_offset] = '\0';
295 if (XSTAT (x, src_path, &src_sb))
297 error (0, errno, _("failed to get attributes of %s"),
302 /* Adjust the times (and if possible, ownership) for the copy.
303 chown turns off set[ug]id bits for non-root,
304 so do the chmod last. */
306 if (x->preserve_timestamps)
308 struct timespec timespec[2];
310 timespec[0].tv_sec = src_sb.st_atime;
311 timespec[0].tv_nsec = TIMESPEC_NS (src_sb.st_atim);
312 timespec[1].tv_sec = src_sb.st_mtime;
313 timespec[1].tv_nsec = TIMESPEC_NS (src_sb.st_mtim);
315 if (utimens (dst_path, timespec))
317 error (0, errno, _("failed to preserve times for %s"),
323 if (x->preserve_ownership)
325 /* If non-root uses -p, it's ok if we can't preserve ownership.
326 But root probably wants to know, e.g. if NFS disallows it,
327 or if the target system doesn't support file ownership. */
328 if (chown (dst_path, src_sb.st_uid, src_sb.st_gid)
329 && ((errno != EPERM && errno != EINVAL) || myeuid == 0))
331 error (0, errno, _("failed to preserve ownership for %s"),
337 if (x->preserve_mode || p->is_new_dir)
339 if (chmod (dst_path, src_sb.st_mode & x->umask_kill))
341 error (0, errno, _("failed to preserve permissions for %s"),
347 dst_path[p->slash_offset] = '/';
352 /* Ensure that the parent directory of CONST_DIRPATH exists, for
353 the --parents option.
355 SRC_OFFSET is the index in CONST_DIRPATH (which is a destination
356 path) of the beginning of the source directory name.
357 Create any leading directories that don't already exist,
358 giving them permissions MODE.
359 If VERBOSE_FMT_STRING is nonzero, use it as a printf format
360 string for printing a message after successfully making a directory.
361 The format should take two string arguments: the names of the
362 source and destination directories.
363 Creates a linked list of attributes of intermediate directories,
364 *ATTR_LIST, for re_protect to use after calling copy.
365 Sets *NEW_DST to 1 if this function creates parent of CONST_DIRPATH.
367 Return 0 if parent of CONST_DIRPATH exists as a directory with the proper
368 permissions when done, otherwise 1. */
370 /* FIXME: find a way to synch this function with the one in lib/makepath.c. */
373 make_path_private (const char *const_dirpath, int src_offset, int mode,
374 const char *verbose_fmt_string, struct dir_attr **attr_list,
375 int *new_dst, int (*xstat)())
378 char *dirpath; /* A copy of CONST_DIRPATH we can change. */
379 char *src; /* Source name in `dirpath'. */
380 char *dst_dirname; /* Leading path of `dirpath'. */
381 size_t dirlen; /* Length of leading path of `dirpath'. */
383 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (dirpath, const_dirpath);
385 src = dirpath + src_offset;
387 dirlen = dir_len (dirpath);
388 dst_dirname = alloca (dirlen + 1);
389 memcpy (dst_dirname, dirpath, dirlen);
390 dst_dirname[dirlen] = '\0';
394 if ((*xstat) (dst_dirname, &stats))
396 /* Parent of CONST_DIRNAME does not exist.
397 Make all missing intermediate directories. */
401 while (*slash == '/')
403 while ((slash = strchr (slash, '/')))
405 /* Add this directory to the list of directories whose modes need
407 struct dir_attr *new = xmalloc (sizeof *new);
408 new->slash_offset = slash - dirpath;
409 new->next = *attr_list;
413 if ((*xstat) (dirpath, &stats))
415 /* This element of the path does not exist. We must set
416 *new_dst and new->is_new_dir inside this loop because,
417 for example, in the command `cp --parents ../a/../b/c e_dir',
418 make_path_private creates only e_dir/../a if ./b already
422 if (mkdir (dirpath, mode))
424 error (0, errno, _("cannot make directory %s"),
430 if (verbose_fmt_string != NULL)
431 printf (verbose_fmt_string, src, dirpath);
434 else if (!S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
436 error (0, 0, _("%s exists but is not a directory"),
447 /* Avoid unnecessary calls to `stat' when given
448 pathnames containing multiple adjacent slashes. */
449 while (*slash == '/')
454 /* We get here if the parent of `dirpath' already exists. */
456 else if (!S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
458 error (0, 0, _("%s exists but is not a directory"), quote (dst_dirname));
468 /* FILE is the last operand of this command. Return -1 if FILE is a
469 directory, 0 if not, ENOENT if FILE does not exist.
470 But report an error there is a problem accessing FILE,
471 or if FILE does not exist but would have to refer to an existing
472 directory if it referred to anything at all.
474 Store the file's status into *ST, and store the resulting
475 error number into *ERRP. */
478 target_directory_operand (char const *file, struct stat *st, int *errp)
480 char const *b = base_name (file);
481 size_t blen = strlen (b);
482 bool looks_like_a_dir = (blen == 0 || ISSLASH (b[blen - 1]));
483 int err = (stat (file, st) == 0 ? 0 : errno);
484 bool is_a_dir = !err && S_ISDIR (st->st_mode);
485 if (err && err != ENOENT)
486 error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, _("accessing %s"), quote (file));
487 if (is_a_dir < looks_like_a_dir)
488 error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, _("target %s is not a directory"), quote (file));
493 /* Scan the arguments, and copy each by calling copy.
494 Return 0 if successful, 1 if any errors occur. */
497 do_copy (int n_files, char **file, const char *target_directory,
498 struct cp_options *x)
504 if (n_files <= !target_directory)
507 error (0, 0, _("missing file operand"));
509 error (0, 0, _("missing destination file operand after %s"),
511 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
514 if (!target_directory)
517 && target_directory_operand (file[n_files - 1], &sb, &new_dst))
518 target_directory = file[--n_files];
519 else if (2 < n_files)
520 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("target %s is not a directory"),
521 quote (file[n_files - 1]));
524 if (target_directory)
526 /* cp file1...filen edir
527 Copy the files `file1' through `filen'
528 to the existing directory `edir'. */
530 int (*xstat)() = (x->dereference == DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS
531 || x->dereference == DEREF_ALWAYS
535 /* Initialize these hash tables only if we'll need them.
536 The problems they're used to detect can arise only if
537 there are two or more files to copy. */
544 for (i = 0; i < n_files; i++)
547 int parent_exists = 1; /* True if dir_name (dst_path) exists. */
548 struct dir_attr *attr_list;
549 char *arg_in_concat = NULL;
552 /* Trailing slashes are meaningful (i.e., maybe worth preserving)
553 only in the source file names. */
554 if (remove_trailing_slashes)
555 strip_trailing_slashes (arg);
559 char *arg_no_trailing_slash;
561 /* Use `arg' without trailing slashes in constructing destination
562 file names. Otherwise, we can end up trying to create a
563 directory via `mkdir ("dst/foo/"...', which is not portable.
564 It fails, due to the trailing slash, on at least
565 NetBSD 1.[34] systems. */
566 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (arg_no_trailing_slash, arg);
567 strip_trailing_slashes (arg_no_trailing_slash);
569 /* Append all of `arg' (minus any trailing slash) to `dest'. */
570 dst_path = path_concat (target_directory, arg_no_trailing_slash,
572 if (dst_path == NULL)
575 /* For --parents, we have to make sure that the directory
576 dir_name (dst_path) exists. We may have to create a few
577 leading directories. */
578 parent_exists = !make_path_private (dst_path,
579 arg_in_concat - dst_path,
582 ? "%s -> %s\n" : NULL),
583 &attr_list, &new_dst,
589 /* Append the last component of `arg' to `target_directory'. */
591 ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA (arg_base, arg);
592 /* For `cp -R source/.. dest', don't copy into `dest/..'. */
593 dst_path = (STREQ (arg_base, "..")
594 ? xstrdup (target_directory)
595 : path_concat (target_directory, arg_base, NULL));
600 /* make_path_private failed, so don't even attempt the copy. */
606 ret |= copy (arg, dst_path, new_dst, x, ©_into_self, NULL);
610 ret |= re_protect (dst_path, arg_in_concat - dst_path,
619 else /* !target_directory */
621 char const *new_dest;
622 char const *source = file[0];
623 char const *dest = file[1];
629 _("when preserving paths, the destination must be a directory"));
630 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
633 /* When the force and backup options have been specified and
634 the source and destination are the same name for an existing
635 regular file, convert the user's command, e.g.,
636 `cp --force --backup foo foo' to `cp --force foo fooSUFFIX'
637 where SUFFIX is determined by any version control options used. */
639 if (x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open
640 && x->backup_type != none
641 && STREQ (source, dest)
642 && !new_dst && S_ISREG (sb.st_mode))
644 static struct cp_options x_tmp;
646 new_dest = find_backup_file_name (dest, x->backup_type);
647 /* Set x->backup_type to `none' so that the normal backup
648 mechanism is not used when performing the actual copy.
649 backup_type must be set to `none' only *after* the above
650 call to find_backup_file_name -- that function uses
651 backup_type to determine the suffix it applies. */
653 x_tmp.backup_type = none;
656 if (new_dest == NULL)
664 return copy (source, new_dest, 0, x, &unused, NULL);
671 cp_option_init (struct cp_options *x)
673 x->copy_as_regular = 1;
674 x->dereference = DEREF_UNDEFINED;
675 x->unlink_dest_before_opening = 0;
676 x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open = 0;
678 x->interactive = I_UNSPECIFIED;
679 x->myeuid = geteuid ();
681 x->one_file_system = 0;
683 x->preserve_ownership = 0;
684 x->preserve_links = 0;
685 x->preserve_mode = 0;
686 x->preserve_timestamps = 0;
688 x->require_preserve = 0;
690 x->sparse_mode = SPARSE_AUTO;
691 x->symbolic_link = 0;
698 /* Find out the current file creation mask, to knock the right bits
699 when using chmod. The creation mask is set to be liberal, so
700 that created directories can be written, even if it would not
701 have been allowed with the mask this process was started with. */
702 x->umask_kill = ~ umask (0);
710 /* Given a string, ARG, containing a comma-separated list of arguments
711 to the --preserve option, set the appropriate fields of X to ON_OFF. */
713 decode_preserve_arg (char const *arg, struct cp_options *x, int on_off)
723 static enum File_attribute const preserve_vals[] =
725 PRESERVE_MODE, PRESERVE_TIMESTAMPS,
726 PRESERVE_OWNERSHIP, PRESERVE_LINK, PRESERVE_ALL
729 /* Valid arguments to the `--preserve' option. */
730 static char const* const preserve_args[] =
732 "mode", "timestamps",
733 "ownership", "links", "all", 0
736 char *arg_writable = xstrdup (arg);
737 char *s = arg_writable;
740 /* find next comma */
741 char *comma = strchr (s, ',');
742 enum File_attribute val;
744 /* If we found a comma, put a NUL in its place and advance. */
749 val = XARGMATCH ("--preserve", s, preserve_args, preserve_vals);
753 x->preserve_mode = on_off;
756 case PRESERVE_TIMESTAMPS:
757 x->preserve_timestamps = on_off;
760 case PRESERVE_OWNERSHIP:
761 x->preserve_ownership = on_off;
765 x->preserve_links = on_off;
769 x->preserve_mode = on_off;
770 x->preserve_timestamps = on_off;
771 x->preserve_ownership = on_off;
772 x->preserve_links = on_off;
786 main (int argc, char **argv)
790 int make_backups = 0;
791 char *backup_suffix_string;
792 char *version_control_string = NULL;
794 int copy_contents = 0;
795 char *target_directory = NULL;
797 initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
798 program_name = argv[0];
799 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
800 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
801 textdomain (PACKAGE);
803 atexit (close_stdout);
807 /* FIXME: consider not calling getenv for SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX unless
808 we'll actually use backup_suffix_string. */
809 backup_suffix_string = getenv ("SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX");
811 while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "abdfHilLprsuvxPRS:V:", long_opts, NULL))
820 x.sparse_mode = XARGMATCH ("--sparse", optarg,
821 sparse_type_string, sparse_type);
824 case 'a': /* Like -dpPR. */
825 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
826 x.preserve_links = 1;
827 x.preserve_ownership = 1;
829 x.preserve_timestamps = 1;
830 x.require_preserve = 1;
834 case 'V': /* FIXME: this is deprecated. Remove it in 2001. */
836 _("warning: --version-control (-V) is obsolete; support for\
837 it\nwill be removed in some future release. Use --backup=%s instead."
844 version_control_string = optarg;
847 case COPY_CONTENTS_OPTION:
852 x.preserve_links = 1;
853 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
857 x.unlink_dest_after_failed_open = 1;
861 x.dereference = DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS;
865 x.interactive = I_ASK_USER;
873 x.dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
877 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
880 case NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION:
881 decode_preserve_arg (optarg, &x, 0);
884 case PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION:
887 /* Fall through to the case for `p' below. */
891 decode_preserve_arg (optarg, &x, 1);
892 x.require_preserve = 1;
897 x.preserve_ownership = 1;
899 x.preserve_timestamps = 1;
900 x.require_preserve = 1;
913 x.interactive = XARGMATCH ("--reply", optarg,
914 reply_args, reply_vals);
917 case UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING:
918 x.unlink_dest_before_opening = 1;
921 case STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION:
922 remove_trailing_slashes = 1;
929 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
930 _("symbolic links are not supported on this system"));
934 case TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION:
935 if (target_directory)
936 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
937 _("multiple target directories specified"));
941 if (stat (optarg, &st) != 0)
942 error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("accessing %s"), quote (optarg));
943 if (! S_ISDIR (st.st_mode))
944 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("target %s is not a directory"),
947 target_directory = optarg;
959 x.one_file_system = 1;
964 backup_suffix_string = optarg;
967 case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
969 case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);
972 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
976 if (x.hard_link && x.symbolic_link)
978 error (0, 0, _("cannot make both hard and symbolic links"));
979 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
982 if (backup_suffix_string)
983 simple_backup_suffix = xstrdup (backup_suffix_string);
985 x.backup_type = (make_backups
986 ? xget_version (_("backup type"),
987 version_control_string)
990 if (x.preserve_mode == 1)
991 x.umask_kill = ~ (mode_t) 0;
993 if (x.dereference == DEREF_UNDEFINED)
996 /* This is compatible with FreeBSD. */
997 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
999 x.dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
1002 /* The key difference between -d (--no-dereference) and not is the version
1003 of `stat' to call. */
1006 x.copy_as_regular = copy_contents;
1008 /* If --force (-f) was specified and we're in link-creation mode,
1009 first remove any existing destination file. */
1010 if (x.unlink_dest_after_failed_open && (x.hard_link || x.symbolic_link))
1011 x.unlink_dest_before_opening = 1;
1013 /* Allocate space for remembering copied and created files. */
1017 exit_status = do_copy (argc - optind, argv + optind, target_directory, &x);