1 /* cp.c -- file copying (main routines)
2 Copyright (C) 89, 90, 91, 1995-2001 Free Software Foundation.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
16 Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
18 Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering. */
26 #include <sys/types.h>
32 #include "backupfile.h"
37 #include "path-concat.h"
40 #define ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA(Dest, File_name) \
44 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (tmp_abns_, (File_name)); \
45 strip_trailing_slashes (tmp_abns_); \
46 Dest = base_name (tmp_abns_); \
50 /* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix). */
51 #define PROGRAM_NAME "cp"
53 #define AUTHORS N_ ("Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering")
55 #ifndef _POSIX_VERSION
59 /* Used by do_copy, make_path_private, and re_protect
60 to keep a list of leading directories whose protections
61 need to be fixed after copying. */
66 struct dir_attr *next;
69 /* For long options that have no equivalent short option, use a
70 non-character as a pseudo short option, starting with CHAR_MAX + 1. */
73 NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION = CHAR_MAX + 1,
75 PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION,
78 STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION,
79 TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION,
80 UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING
83 /* Initial number of entries in each hash table entry's table of inodes. */
84 #define INITIAL_HASH_MODULE 100
86 /* Initial number of entries in the inode hash table. */
87 #define INITIAL_ENTRY_TAB_SIZE 70
89 /* The invocation name of this program. */
92 /* If nonzero, the command "cp x/e_file e_dir" uses "e_dir/x/e_file"
93 as its destination instead of the usual "e_dir/e_file." */
94 static int flag_path = 0;
96 /* Remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument. */
97 static int remove_trailing_slashes;
99 static char const *const sparse_type_string[] =
101 "never", "auto", "always", 0
104 static enum Sparse_type const sparse_type[] =
106 SPARSE_NEVER, SPARSE_AUTO, SPARSE_ALWAYS
109 /* Valid arguments to the `--reply' option. */
110 static char const* const reply_args[] =
112 "yes", "no", "query", 0
115 /* The values that correspond to the above strings. */
116 static int const reply_vals[] =
118 I_ALWAYS_YES, I_ALWAYS_NO, I_ASK_USER
121 /* The error code to return to the system. */
122 static int exit_status = 0;
124 static struct option const long_opts[] =
126 {"archive", no_argument, NULL, 'a'},
127 {"backup", optional_argument, NULL, 'b'},
128 {"dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'L'},
129 {"force", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
130 {"interactive", no_argument, NULL, 'i'},
131 {"link", no_argument, NULL, 'l'},
132 {"no-dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
133 {"no-preserve", required_argument, NULL, NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION},
134 {"one-file-system", no_argument, NULL, 'x'},
135 {"parents", no_argument, NULL, PARENTS_OPTION},
136 {"path", no_argument, NULL, PARENTS_OPTION}, /* Deprecated. */
137 {"preserve", optional_argument, NULL, PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION},
138 {"recursive", no_argument, NULL, 'R'},
139 {"remove-destination", no_argument, NULL, UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING},
140 {"reply", required_argument, NULL, REPLY_OPTION},
141 {"sparse", required_argument, NULL, SPARSE_OPTION},
142 {"strip-trailing-slashes", no_argument, NULL, STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION},
143 {"suffix", required_argument, NULL, 'S'},
144 {"symbolic-link", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
145 {"target-directory", required_argument, NULL, TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION},
146 {"update", no_argument, NULL, 'u'},
147 {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
148 {"version-control", required_argument, NULL, 'V'}, /* Deprecated. FIXME. */
149 {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
150 {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
158 fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
163 Usage: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST\n\
164 or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY\n\
165 or: %s [OPTION]... --target-directory=DIRECTORY SOURCE...\n\
167 program_name, program_name, program_name);
169 Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.\n\
171 -a, --archive same as -dpR\n\
172 --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file\n\
173 -b like --backup but does not accept an argument\n\
174 -d same as --no-dereference --preserve=link\n\
175 --no-dereference never follow symbolic links\n\
176 -f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be\n\
177 opened, remove it and try again\n\
178 -i, --interactive prompt before overwrite\n\
179 -H follow command-line symbolic links\n\
182 -l, --link link files instead of copying\n\
183 -L, --dereference always follow symbolic links\n\
184 -p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps\n\
185 --preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default:\n\
186 mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible\n\
187 additional attributes: links, all\n\
188 --no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes\n\
189 --parents append source path to DIRECTORY\n\
190 -P same as `--no-dereference'\n\
191 -r copy recursively, non-directories as files\n\
192 WARNING: use -R instead when you might copy\n\
193 special files like FIFOs or /dev/zero\n\
194 --remove-destination remove each existing destination file before\n\
195 attempting to open it (contrast with --force)\n\
198 --sparse=WHEN control creation of sparse files\n\
199 -R, --recursive copy directories recursively\n\
200 --reply={yes,no,query} specify how to handle the prompt about an\n\
201 existing destination file\n\
202 --strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE\n\
204 -s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying\n\
205 -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix\n\
206 --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY\n\
207 -u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer\n\
208 than the destination file or when the\n\
209 destination file is missing\n\
212 -v, --verbose explain what is being done\n\
213 -x, --one-file-system stay on this file system\n\
214 --help display this help and exit\n\
215 --version output version information and exit\n\
217 By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and the\n\
218 corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behavior\n\
219 selected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DEST\n\
220 file whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes.\n\
221 Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files.\n\
225 The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.\n\
226 The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through\n\
227 the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:\n\
229 none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)\n\
230 numbered, t make numbered backups\n\
231 existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise\n\
232 simple, never always make simple backups\n\
236 As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup\n\
237 options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,\n\
240 puts (_("\nReport bugs to <bug-fileutils@gnu.org>."));
245 /* Ensure that the parent directories of CONST_DST_PATH have the
246 correct protections, for the --parents option. This is done
247 after all copying has been completed, to allow permissions
248 that don't include user write/execute.
250 SRC_OFFSET is the index in CONST_DST_PATH of the beginning of the
251 source directory name.
253 ATTR_LIST is a null-terminated linked list of structures that
254 indicates the end of the filename of each intermediate directory
255 in CONST_DST_PATH that may need to have its attributes changed.
256 The command `cp --parents --preserve a/b/c d/e_dir' changes the
257 attributes of the directories d/e_dir/a and d/e_dir/a/b to match
258 the corresponding source directories regardless of whether they
259 existed before the `cp' command was given.
261 Return 0 if the parent of CONST_DST_PATH and any intermediate
262 directories specified by ATTR_LIST have the proper permissions
263 when done, otherwise 1. */
266 re_protect (const char *const_dst_path, int src_offset,
267 struct dir_attr *attr_list, const struct cp_options *x)
270 char *dst_path; /* A copy of CONST_DST_PATH we can change. */
271 char *src_path; /* The source name in `dst_path'. */
272 uid_t myeuid = geteuid ();
274 dst_path = (char *) alloca (strlen (const_dst_path) + 1);
275 strcpy (dst_path, const_dst_path);
276 src_path = dst_path + src_offset;
278 for (p = attr_list; p; p = p->next)
282 dst_path[p->slash_offset] = '\0';
284 if ((*(x->xstat)) (src_path, &src_sb))
286 error (0, errno, _("getting attributes of %s"),
291 /* Adjust the times (and if possible, ownership) for the copy.
292 chown turns off set[ug]id bits for non-root,
293 so do the chmod last. */
295 if (x->preserve_timestamps)
299 /* There's currently no interface to set file timestamps with
300 better than 1-second resolution, so discard any fractional
301 part of the source timestamp. */
303 utb.actime = src_sb.st_atime;
304 utb.modtime = src_sb.st_mtime;
306 if (utime (dst_path, &utb))
308 error (0, errno, _("preserving times for %s"), quote (dst_path));
313 if (x->preserve_ownership)
315 /* If non-root uses -p, it's ok if we can't preserve ownership.
316 But root probably wants to know, e.g. if NFS disallows it,
317 or if the target system doesn't support file ownership. */
318 if (chown (dst_path, src_sb.st_uid, src_sb.st_gid)
319 && ((errno != EPERM && errno != EINVAL) || myeuid == 0))
321 error (0, errno, _("preserving ownership for %s"),
327 if (x->preserve_mode || p->is_new_dir)
329 if (chmod (dst_path, src_sb.st_mode & x->umask_kill))
331 error (0, errno, _("preserving permissions for %s"),
337 dst_path[p->slash_offset] = '/';
342 /* Ensure that the parent directory of CONST_DIRPATH exists, for
343 the --parents option.
345 SRC_OFFSET is the index in CONST_DIRPATH (which is a destination
346 path) of the beginning of the source directory name.
347 Create any leading directories that don't already exist,
348 giving them permissions MODE.
349 If VERBOSE_FMT_STRING is nonzero, use it as a printf format
350 string for printing a message after successfully making a directory.
351 The format should take two string arguments: the names of the
352 source and destination directories.
353 Creates a linked list of attributes of intermediate directories,
354 *ATTR_LIST, for re_protect to use after calling copy.
355 Sets *NEW_DST to 1 if this function creates parent of CONST_DIRPATH.
357 Return 0 if parent of CONST_DIRPATH exists as a directory with the proper
358 permissions when done, otherwise 1. */
360 /* FIXME: find a way to synch this function with the one in lib/makepath.c. */
363 make_path_private (const char *const_dirpath, int src_offset, int mode,
364 const char *verbose_fmt_string, struct dir_attr **attr_list,
365 int *new_dst, int (*xstat)())
368 char *dirpath; /* A copy of CONST_DIRPATH we can change. */
369 char *src; /* Source name in `dirpath'. */
370 char *dst_dirname; /* Leading path of `dirpath'. */
371 size_t dirlen; /* Length of leading path of `dirpath'. */
373 dirpath = (char *) alloca (strlen (const_dirpath) + 1);
374 strcpy (dirpath, const_dirpath);
376 src = dirpath + src_offset;
378 dirlen = dir_len (dirpath);
379 dst_dirname = (char *) alloca (dirlen + 1);
380 memcpy (dst_dirname, dirpath, dirlen);
381 dst_dirname[dirlen] = '\0';
385 if ((*xstat) (dst_dirname, &stats))
387 /* Parent of CONST_DIRNAME does not exist.
388 Make all missing intermediate directories. */
392 while (*slash == '/')
394 while ((slash = strchr (slash, '/')))
396 /* Add this directory to the list of directories whose modes need
398 struct dir_attr *new =
399 (struct dir_attr *) xmalloc (sizeof (struct dir_attr));
400 new->slash_offset = slash - dirpath;
401 new->next = *attr_list;
405 if ((*xstat) (dirpath, &stats))
407 /* This element of the path does not exist. We must set
408 *new_dst and new->is_new_dir inside this loop because,
409 for example, in the command `cp --parents ../a/../b/c e_dir',
410 make_path_private creates only e_dir/../a if ./b already
414 if (mkdir (dirpath, mode))
416 error (0, errno, _("cannot make directory %s"),
422 if (verbose_fmt_string != NULL)
423 printf (verbose_fmt_string, src, dirpath);
426 else if (!S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
428 error (0, 0, _("%s exists but is not a directory"),
439 /* Avoid unnecessary calls to `stat' when given
440 pathnames containing multiple adjacent slashes. */
441 while (*slash == '/')
446 /* We get here if the parent of `dirpath' already exists. */
448 else if (!S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
450 error (0, 0, _("%s exists but is not a directory"), quote (dst_dirname));
460 /* Scan the arguments, and copy each by calling copy.
461 Return 0 if successful, 1 if any errors occur. */
464 do_copy (int n_files, char **file, const char *target_directory,
465 struct cp_options *x)
475 error (0, 0, _("missing file arguments"));
478 if (n_files == 1 && !target_directory)
480 error (0, 0, _("missing destination file"));
484 if (target_directory)
485 dest = target_directory;
488 dest = file[n_files - 1];
492 /* Initialize these hash tables only if we'll need them.
493 The problems they're used to detect can arise only if
494 there are two or more files to copy. */
501 if (lstat (dest, &sb))
505 error (0, errno, _("accessing %s"), quote (dest));
515 /* If `dest' is not a symlink to a nonexistent file, use
516 the results of stat instead of lstat, so we can copy files
517 into symlinks to directories. */
518 if (stat (dest, &sbx) == 0)
521 dest_is_dir = S_ISDIR (sb.st_mode);
526 if (target_directory)
528 error (0, 0, _("specified target, %s is not a directory"),
536 _("copying multiple files, but last argument %s is not a directory"),
544 /* cp file1...filen edir
545 Copy the files `file1' through `filen'
546 to the existing directory `edir'. */
549 for (i = 0; i < n_files; i++)
552 int parent_exists = 1; /* True if dir_name (dst_path) exists. */
553 struct dir_attr *attr_list;
554 char *arg_in_concat = NULL;
557 /* Trailing slashes are meaningful (i.e., maybe worth preserving)
558 only in the source file names. */
559 if (remove_trailing_slashes)
560 strip_trailing_slashes (arg);
564 char *arg_no_trailing_slash;
566 /* Use `arg' without trailing slashes in constructing destination
567 file names. Otherwise, we can end up trying to create a
568 directory via `mkdir ("dst/foo/"...', which is not portable.
569 It fails, due to the trailing slash, on at least
570 NetBSD 1.[34] systems. */
571 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (arg_no_trailing_slash, arg);
572 strip_trailing_slashes (arg_no_trailing_slash);
574 /* Append all of `arg' (minus any trailing slash) to `dest'. */
575 dst_path = path_concat (dest, arg_no_trailing_slash,
577 if (dst_path == NULL)
580 /* For --parents, we have to make sure that the directory
581 dir_name (dst_path) exists. We may have to create a few
582 leading directories. */
583 parent_exists = !make_path_private (dst_path,
584 arg_in_concat - dst_path,
587 ? "%s -> %s\n" : NULL),
588 &attr_list, &new_dst,
594 /* Append the last component of `arg' to `dest'. */
596 ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA (arg_base, arg);
597 /* For `cp -R source/.. dest', don't copy into `dest/..'. */
598 dst_path = (STREQ (arg_base, "..")
600 : path_concat (dest, arg_base, NULL));
605 /* make_path_private failed, so don't even attempt the copy. */
611 ret |= copy (arg, dst_path, new_dst, x, ©_into_self, NULL);
615 ret |= re_protect (dst_path, arg_in_concat - dst_path,
624 else /* if (n_files == 1) */
629 struct stat source_stats;
634 _("when preserving paths, the destination must be a directory"));
640 /* When the force and backup options have been specified and
641 the source and destination are the same name for an existing
642 regular file, convert the user's command, e.g.,
643 `cp --force --backup foo foo' to `cp --force foo fooSUFFIX'
644 where SUFFIX is determined by any version control options used. */
646 if (x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open
647 && x->backup_type != none
648 && STREQ (source, dest)
649 && !new_dst && S_ISREG (sb.st_mode))
651 static struct cp_options x_tmp;
653 new_dest = find_backup_file_name (dest, x->backup_type);
654 /* Set x->backup_type to `none' so that the normal backup
655 mechanism is not used when performing the actual copy.
656 backup_type must be set to `none' only *after* the above
657 call to find_backup_file_name -- that function uses
658 backup_type to determine the suffix it applies. */
660 x_tmp.backup_type = none;
663 if (new_dest == NULL)
667 /* When the destination is specified with a trailing slash and the
668 source exists but is not a directory, convert the user's command
669 `cp source dest/' to `cp source dest/basename(source)'. Doing
670 this ensures that the command `cp non-directory file/' will now
671 fail rather than performing the copy. COPY diagnoses the case of
672 `cp directory non-directory'. */
674 else if (dest[strlen (dest) - 1] == '/'
675 && lstat (source, &source_stats) == 0
676 && !S_ISDIR (source_stats.st_mode))
680 ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA (source_base, source);
681 new_dest = (char *) alloca (strlen (dest)
682 + strlen (source_base) + 1);
683 stpcpy (stpcpy (new_dest, dest), source_base);
687 new_dest = (char *) dest;
690 return copy (source, new_dest, new_dst, x, &unused, NULL);
697 cp_option_init (struct cp_options *x)
699 x->copy_as_regular = 1;
700 x->dereference = DEREF_UNDEFINED;
701 x->unlink_dest_before_opening = 0;
702 x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open = 0;
704 x->interactive = I_UNSPECIFIED;
705 x->myeuid = geteuid ();
707 x->one_file_system = 0;
709 x->preserve_ownership = 0;
710 x->preserve_links = 0;
711 x->preserve_mode = 0;
712 x->preserve_timestamps = 0;
714 x->require_preserve = 0;
716 x->sparse_mode = SPARSE_AUTO;
717 x->symbolic_link = 0;
724 /* Find out the current file creation mask, to knock the right bits
725 when using chmod. The creation mask is set to be liberal, so
726 that created directories can be written, even if it would not
727 have been allowed with the mask this process was started with. */
728 x->umask_kill = ~ umask (0);
736 /* Given a string, ARG, containing a comma-separated list of arguments
737 to the --preserve option, set the appropriate fields of X to ON_OFF. */
739 decode_preserve_arg (char const *arg, struct cp_options *x, int on_off)
749 static enum File_attribute const preserve_vals[] =
751 PRESERVE_MODE, PRESERVE_TIMESTAMPS,
752 PRESERVE_OWNERSHIP, PRESERVE_LINK, PRESERVE_ALL
755 /* Valid arguments to the `--reply' option. */
756 static char const* const preserve_args[] =
758 "mode", "timestamps",
759 "ownership", "links", "all", 0
762 char *arg_writable = xstrdup (arg);
763 char *s = arg_writable;
766 /* find next comma */
767 char *comma = strchr (s, ',');
768 enum File_attribute val;
770 /* put a NUL in its place */
775 val = XARGMATCH ("--preserve", s, preserve_args, preserve_vals);
779 x->preserve_mode = on_off;
782 case PRESERVE_TIMESTAMPS:
783 x->preserve_timestamps = on_off;
786 case PRESERVE_OWNERSHIP:
787 x->preserve_ownership = on_off;
791 x->preserve_links = on_off;
795 x->preserve_mode = on_off;
796 x->preserve_timestamps = on_off;
797 x->preserve_ownership = on_off;
798 x->preserve_links = on_off;
812 main (int argc, char **argv)
815 int make_backups = 0;
816 char *backup_suffix_string;
817 char *version_control_string = NULL;
819 char *target_directory = NULL;
821 program_name = argv[0];
822 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
823 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
824 textdomain (PACKAGE);
826 atexit (close_stdout);
830 /* FIXME: consider not calling getenv for SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX unless
831 we'll actually use backup_suffix_string. */
832 backup_suffix_string = getenv ("SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX");
834 while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "abdfHilLprsuvxPRS:V:", long_opts, NULL))
843 x.sparse_mode = XARGMATCH ("--sparse", optarg,
844 sparse_type_string, sparse_type);
847 case 'a': /* Like -dpR. */
848 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
849 x.preserve_links = 1;
850 x.preserve_ownership = 1;
852 x.preserve_timestamps = 1;
853 x.require_preserve = 1;
855 x.copy_as_regular = 0;
858 case 'V': /* FIXME: this is deprecated. Remove it in 2001. */
860 _("warning: --version-control (-V) is obsolete; support for\
861 it\nwill be removed in some future release. Use --backup=%s instead."
868 version_control_string = optarg;
872 x.preserve_links = 1;
873 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
877 x.unlink_dest_after_failed_open = 1;
881 x.dereference = DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS;
885 x.interactive = I_ASK_USER;
893 x.dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
897 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
900 case NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION:
901 decode_preserve_arg (optarg, &x, 0);
904 case PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION:
907 /* Fall through to the case for `p' below. */
911 decode_preserve_arg (optarg, &x, 1);
912 x.require_preserve = 1;
917 x.preserve_ownership = 1;
919 x.preserve_timestamps = 1;
920 x.require_preserve = 1;
929 x.copy_as_regular = 1;
934 x.copy_as_regular = 0;
938 x.interactive = XARGMATCH ("--reply", optarg,
939 reply_args, reply_vals);
942 case UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING:
943 x.unlink_dest_before_opening = 1;
946 case STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION:
947 remove_trailing_slashes = 1;
954 error (1, 0, _("symbolic links are not supported on this system"));
958 case TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION:
959 target_directory = optarg;
971 x.one_file_system = 1;
976 backup_suffix_string = optarg;
979 case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
981 case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);
988 if (x.hard_link && x.symbolic_link)
990 error (0, 0, _("cannot make both hard and symbolic links"));
994 if (backup_suffix_string)
995 simple_backup_suffix = xstrdup (backup_suffix_string);
997 x.backup_type = (make_backups
998 ? xget_version (_("backup type"),
999 version_control_string)
1002 if (x.preserve_mode == 1)
1003 x.umask_kill = ~ (mode_t) 0;
1005 if (x.dereference == DEREF_UNDEFINED)
1008 /* This is compatible with FreeBSD. */
1009 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
1011 x.dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
1014 /* The key difference between -d (--no-dereference) and not is the version
1015 of `stat' to call. */
1017 if (x.dereference == DEREF_NEVER)
1021 /* For DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS, x.xstat must be stat for
1022 each command line argument, but must later be `lstat' for
1023 any symlinks that are found via recursive traversal. */
1027 /* If --force (-f) was specified and we're in link-creation mode,
1028 first remove any existing destination file. */
1029 if (x.unlink_dest_after_failed_open && (x.hard_link || x.symbolic_link))
1030 x.unlink_dest_before_opening = 1;
1032 /* Allocate space for remembering copied and created files. */
1036 exit_status |= do_copy (argc - optind, argv + optind, target_directory, &x);