1 /* cp.c -- file copying (main routines)
2 Copyright (C) 89, 90, 91, 1995-2003 Free Software Foundation.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
16 Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
18 Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering. */
26 #include <sys/types.h>
32 #include "backupfile.h"
37 #include "path-concat.h"
40 #define ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA(Dest, File_name) \
44 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (tmp_abns_, (File_name)); \
45 strip_trailing_slashes (tmp_abns_); \
46 Dest = base_name (tmp_abns_); \
50 /* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix). */
51 #define PROGRAM_NAME "cp"
53 #define AUTHORS N_ ("Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering")
55 #ifndef _POSIX_VERSION
59 /* Used by do_copy, make_path_private, and re_protect
60 to keep a list of leading directories whose protections
61 need to be fixed after copying. */
66 struct dir_attr *next;
69 /* For long options that have no equivalent short option, use a
70 non-character as a pseudo short option, starting with CHAR_MAX + 1. */
73 COPY_CONTENTS_OPTION = CHAR_MAX + 1,
74 NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION,
76 PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION,
79 STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION,
80 TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION,
81 UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING
84 /* Initial number of entries in each hash table entry's table of inodes. */
85 #define INITIAL_HASH_MODULE 100
87 /* Initial number of entries in the inode hash table. */
88 #define INITIAL_ENTRY_TAB_SIZE 70
90 /* The invocation name of this program. */
93 /* If nonzero, the command "cp x/e_file e_dir" uses "e_dir/x/e_file"
94 as its destination instead of the usual "e_dir/e_file." */
95 static int flag_path = 0;
97 /* Remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument. */
98 static int remove_trailing_slashes;
100 static char const *const sparse_type_string[] =
102 "never", "auto", "always", 0
105 static enum Sparse_type const sparse_type[] =
107 SPARSE_NEVER, SPARSE_AUTO, SPARSE_ALWAYS
110 /* Valid arguments to the `--reply' option. */
111 static char const* const reply_args[] =
113 "yes", "no", "query", 0
116 /* The values that correspond to the above strings. */
117 static int const reply_vals[] =
119 I_ALWAYS_YES, I_ALWAYS_NO, I_ASK_USER
122 static struct option const long_opts[] =
124 {"archive", no_argument, NULL, 'a'},
125 {"backup", optional_argument, NULL, 'b'},
126 {"copy-contents", no_argument, NULL, COPY_CONTENTS_OPTION},
127 {"dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'L'},
128 {"force", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
129 {"interactive", no_argument, NULL, 'i'},
130 {"link", no_argument, NULL, 'l'},
131 {"no-dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
132 {"no-preserve", required_argument, NULL, NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION},
133 {"one-file-system", no_argument, NULL, 'x'},
134 {"parents", no_argument, NULL, PARENTS_OPTION},
135 {"path", no_argument, NULL, PARENTS_OPTION}, /* Deprecated. */
136 {"preserve", optional_argument, NULL, PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION},
137 {"recursive", no_argument, NULL, 'R'},
138 {"remove-destination", no_argument, NULL, UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING},
139 {"reply", required_argument, NULL, REPLY_OPTION},
140 {"sparse", required_argument, NULL, SPARSE_OPTION},
141 {"strip-trailing-slashes", no_argument, NULL, STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION},
142 {"suffix", required_argument, NULL, 'S'},
143 {"symbolic-link", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
144 {"target-directory", required_argument, NULL, TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION},
145 {"update", no_argument, NULL, 'u'},
146 {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
147 {"version-control", required_argument, NULL, 'V'}, /* Deprecated. FIXME. */
148 {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
149 {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
157 fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
162 Usage: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST\n\
163 or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY\n\
164 or: %s [OPTION]... --target-directory=DIRECTORY SOURCE...\n\
166 program_name, program_name, program_name);
168 Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.\n\
172 Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.\n\
175 -a, --archive same as -dpR\n\
176 --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file\n\
177 -b like --backup but does not accept an argument\n\
178 --copy-contents copy contents of special files when recursive\n\
179 -d same as --no-dereference --preserve=link\n\
182 --no-dereference never follow symbolic links\n\
183 -f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be\n\
184 opened, remove it and try again\n\
185 -i, --interactive prompt before overwrite\n\
186 -H follow command-line symbolic links\n\
189 -l, --link link files instead of copying\n\
190 -L, --dereference always follow symbolic links\n\
191 -p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps\n\
192 --preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default:\n\
193 mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible\n\
194 additional attributes: links, all\n\
197 --no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes\n\
198 --parents append source path to DIRECTORY\n\
199 -P same as `--no-dereference'\n\
202 -R, -r, --recursive copy directories recursively\n\
203 --remove-destination remove each existing destination file before\n\
204 attempting to open it (contrast with --force)\n\
207 --reply={yes,no,query} specify how to handle the prompt about an\n\
208 existing destination file\n\
209 --sparse=WHEN control creation of sparse files\n\
210 --strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE\n\
214 -s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying\n\
215 -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix\n\
216 --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY\n\
219 -u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer\n\
220 than the destination file or when the\n\
221 destination file is missing\n\
222 -v, --verbose explain what is being done\n\
223 -x, --one-file-system stay on this file system\n\
225 fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
226 fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
229 By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and the\n\
230 corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behavior\n\
231 selected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DEST\n\
232 file whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes.\n\
233 Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files.\n\
237 The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.\n\
238 The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through\n\
239 the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:\n\
243 none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)\n\
244 numbered, t make numbered backups\n\
245 existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise\n\
246 simple, never always make simple backups\n\
250 As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup\n\
251 options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,\n\
254 printf (_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
259 /* Ensure that the parent directories of CONST_DST_PATH have the
260 correct protections, for the --parents option. This is done
261 after all copying has been completed, to allow permissions
262 that don't include user write/execute.
264 SRC_OFFSET is the index in CONST_DST_PATH of the beginning of the
265 source directory name.
267 ATTR_LIST is a null-terminated linked list of structures that
268 indicates the end of the filename of each intermediate directory
269 in CONST_DST_PATH that may need to have its attributes changed.
270 The command `cp --parents --preserve a/b/c d/e_dir' changes the
271 attributes of the directories d/e_dir/a and d/e_dir/a/b to match
272 the corresponding source directories regardless of whether they
273 existed before the `cp' command was given.
275 Return 0 if the parent of CONST_DST_PATH and any intermediate
276 directories specified by ATTR_LIST have the proper permissions
277 when done, otherwise 1. */
280 re_protect (const char *const_dst_path, int src_offset,
281 struct dir_attr *attr_list, const struct cp_options *x)
284 char *dst_path; /* A copy of CONST_DST_PATH we can change. */
285 char *src_path; /* The source name in `dst_path'. */
286 uid_t myeuid = geteuid ();
288 dst_path = (char *) alloca (strlen (const_dst_path) + 1);
289 strcpy (dst_path, const_dst_path);
290 src_path = dst_path + src_offset;
292 for (p = attr_list; p; p = p->next)
296 dst_path[p->slash_offset] = '\0';
298 if ((*(x->xstat)) (src_path, &src_sb))
300 error (0, errno, _("failed to get attributes of %s"),
305 /* Adjust the times (and if possible, ownership) for the copy.
306 chown turns off set[ug]id bits for non-root,
307 so do the chmod last. */
309 if (x->preserve_timestamps)
313 /* There's currently no interface to set file timestamps with
314 better than 1-second resolution, so discard any fractional
315 part of the source timestamp. */
317 utb.actime = src_sb.st_atime;
318 utb.modtime = src_sb.st_mtime;
320 if (utime (dst_path, &utb))
322 error (0, errno, _("failed to preserve times for %s"),
328 if (x->preserve_ownership)
330 /* If non-root uses -p, it's ok if we can't preserve ownership.
331 But root probably wants to know, e.g. if NFS disallows it,
332 or if the target system doesn't support file ownership. */
333 if (chown (dst_path, src_sb.st_uid, src_sb.st_gid)
334 && ((errno != EPERM && errno != EINVAL) || myeuid == 0))
336 error (0, errno, _("failed to preserve ownership for %s"),
342 if (x->preserve_mode || p->is_new_dir)
344 if (chmod (dst_path, src_sb.st_mode & x->umask_kill))
346 error (0, errno, _("failed to preserve permissions for %s"),
352 dst_path[p->slash_offset] = '/';
357 /* Ensure that the parent directory of CONST_DIRPATH exists, for
358 the --parents option.
360 SRC_OFFSET is the index in CONST_DIRPATH (which is a destination
361 path) of the beginning of the source directory name.
362 Create any leading directories that don't already exist,
363 giving them permissions MODE.
364 If VERBOSE_FMT_STRING is nonzero, use it as a printf format
365 string for printing a message after successfully making a directory.
366 The format should take two string arguments: the names of the
367 source and destination directories.
368 Creates a linked list of attributes of intermediate directories,
369 *ATTR_LIST, for re_protect to use after calling copy.
370 Sets *NEW_DST to 1 if this function creates parent of CONST_DIRPATH.
372 Return 0 if parent of CONST_DIRPATH exists as a directory with the proper
373 permissions when done, otherwise 1. */
375 /* FIXME: find a way to synch this function with the one in lib/makepath.c. */
378 make_path_private (const char *const_dirpath, int src_offset, int mode,
379 const char *verbose_fmt_string, struct dir_attr **attr_list,
380 int *new_dst, int (*xstat)())
383 char *dirpath; /* A copy of CONST_DIRPATH we can change. */
384 char *src; /* Source name in `dirpath'. */
385 char *dst_dirname; /* Leading path of `dirpath'. */
386 size_t dirlen; /* Length of leading path of `dirpath'. */
388 dirpath = (char *) alloca (strlen (const_dirpath) + 1);
389 strcpy (dirpath, const_dirpath);
391 src = dirpath + src_offset;
393 dirlen = dir_len (dirpath);
394 dst_dirname = (char *) alloca (dirlen + 1);
395 memcpy (dst_dirname, dirpath, dirlen);
396 dst_dirname[dirlen] = '\0';
400 if ((*xstat) (dst_dirname, &stats))
402 /* Parent of CONST_DIRNAME does not exist.
403 Make all missing intermediate directories. */
407 while (*slash == '/')
409 while ((slash = strchr (slash, '/')))
411 /* Add this directory to the list of directories whose modes need
413 struct dir_attr *new =
414 (struct dir_attr *) xmalloc (sizeof (struct dir_attr));
415 new->slash_offset = slash - dirpath;
416 new->next = *attr_list;
420 if ((*xstat) (dirpath, &stats))
422 /* This element of the path does not exist. We must set
423 *new_dst and new->is_new_dir inside this loop because,
424 for example, in the command `cp --parents ../a/../b/c e_dir',
425 make_path_private creates only e_dir/../a if ./b already
429 if (mkdir (dirpath, mode))
431 error (0, errno, _("cannot make directory %s"),
437 if (verbose_fmt_string != NULL)
438 printf (verbose_fmt_string, src, dirpath);
441 else if (!S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
443 error (0, 0, _("%s exists but is not a directory"),
454 /* Avoid unnecessary calls to `stat' when given
455 pathnames containing multiple adjacent slashes. */
456 while (*slash == '/')
461 /* We get here if the parent of `dirpath' already exists. */
463 else if (!S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
465 error (0, 0, _("%s exists but is not a directory"), quote (dst_dirname));
475 /* Scan the arguments, and copy each by calling copy.
476 Return 0 if successful, 1 if any errors occur. */
479 do_copy (int n_files, char **file, const char *target_directory,
480 struct cp_options *x)
490 error (0, 0, _("missing file argument"));
491 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
493 if (n_files == 1 && !target_directory)
495 error (0, 0, _("missing destination file"));
496 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
499 if (target_directory)
500 dest = target_directory;
503 dest = file[n_files - 1];
507 /* Initialize these hash tables only if we'll need them.
508 The problems they're used to detect can arise only if
509 there are two or more files to copy. */
516 if (lstat (dest, &sb))
520 error (0, errno, _("accessing %s"), quote (dest));
530 /* If `dest' is not a symlink to a nonexistent file, use
531 the results of stat instead of lstat, so we can copy files
532 into symlinks to directories. */
533 if (stat (dest, &sbx) == 0)
536 dest_is_dir = S_ISDIR (sb.st_mode);
541 if (target_directory)
543 error (0, 0, _("%s: specified target is not a directory"),
545 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
551 _("copying multiple files, but last argument %s is not a directory"),
553 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
559 /* cp file1...filen edir
560 Copy the files `file1' through `filen'
561 to the existing directory `edir'. */
564 for (i = 0; i < n_files; i++)
567 int parent_exists = 1; /* True if dir_name (dst_path) exists. */
568 struct dir_attr *attr_list;
569 char *arg_in_concat = NULL;
572 /* Trailing slashes are meaningful (i.e., maybe worth preserving)
573 only in the source file names. */
574 if (remove_trailing_slashes)
575 strip_trailing_slashes (arg);
579 char *arg_no_trailing_slash;
581 /* Use `arg' without trailing slashes in constructing destination
582 file names. Otherwise, we can end up trying to create a
583 directory via `mkdir ("dst/foo/"...', which is not portable.
584 It fails, due to the trailing slash, on at least
585 NetBSD 1.[34] systems. */
586 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (arg_no_trailing_slash, arg);
587 strip_trailing_slashes (arg_no_trailing_slash);
589 /* Append all of `arg' (minus any trailing slash) to `dest'. */
590 dst_path = path_concat (dest, arg_no_trailing_slash,
592 if (dst_path == NULL)
595 /* For --parents, we have to make sure that the directory
596 dir_name (dst_path) exists. We may have to create a few
597 leading directories. */
598 parent_exists = !make_path_private (dst_path,
599 arg_in_concat - dst_path,
602 ? "%s -> %s\n" : NULL),
603 &attr_list, &new_dst,
609 /* Append the last component of `arg' to `dest'. */
611 ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA (arg_base, arg);
612 /* For `cp -R source/.. dest', don't copy into `dest/..'. */
613 dst_path = (STREQ (arg_base, "..")
615 : path_concat (dest, arg_base, NULL));
620 /* make_path_private failed, so don't even attempt the copy. */
626 ret |= copy (arg, dst_path, new_dst, x, ©_into_self, NULL);
630 ret |= re_protect (dst_path, arg_in_concat - dst_path,
639 else /* if (n_files == 1) */
644 struct stat source_stats;
649 _("when preserving paths, the destination must be a directory"));
650 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
655 /* When the force and backup options have been specified and
656 the source and destination are the same name for an existing
657 regular file, convert the user's command, e.g.,
658 `cp --force --backup foo foo' to `cp --force foo fooSUFFIX'
659 where SUFFIX is determined by any version control options used. */
661 if (x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open
662 && x->backup_type != none
663 && STREQ (source, dest)
664 && !new_dst && S_ISREG (sb.st_mode))
666 static struct cp_options x_tmp;
668 new_dest = find_backup_file_name (dest, x->backup_type);
669 /* Set x->backup_type to `none' so that the normal backup
670 mechanism is not used when performing the actual copy.
671 backup_type must be set to `none' only *after* the above
672 call to find_backup_file_name -- that function uses
673 backup_type to determine the suffix it applies. */
675 x_tmp.backup_type = none;
678 if (new_dest == NULL)
682 /* When the destination is specified with a trailing slash and the
683 source exists but is not a directory, convert the user's command
684 `cp source dest/' to `cp source dest/basename(source)'. Doing
685 this ensures that the command `cp non-directory file/' will now
686 fail rather than performing the copy. COPY diagnoses the case of
687 `cp directory non-directory'. */
689 else if (dest[strlen (dest) - 1] == '/'
690 && lstat (source, &source_stats) == 0
691 && !S_ISDIR (source_stats.st_mode))
695 ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA (source_base, source);
696 new_dest = (char *) alloca (strlen (dest)
697 + strlen (source_base) + 1);
698 stpcpy (stpcpy (new_dest, dest), source_base);
702 new_dest = (char *) dest;
705 return copy (source, new_dest, new_dst, x, &unused, NULL);
712 cp_option_init (struct cp_options *x)
714 x->copy_as_regular = 1;
715 x->dereference = DEREF_UNDEFINED;
716 x->unlink_dest_before_opening = 0;
717 x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open = 0;
719 x->interactive = I_UNSPECIFIED;
720 x->myeuid = geteuid ();
722 x->one_file_system = 0;
724 x->preserve_ownership = 0;
725 x->preserve_links = 0;
726 x->preserve_mode = 0;
727 x->preserve_timestamps = 0;
729 x->require_preserve = 0;
731 x->sparse_mode = SPARSE_AUTO;
732 x->symbolic_link = 0;
739 /* Find out the current file creation mask, to knock the right bits
740 when using chmod. The creation mask is set to be liberal, so
741 that created directories can be written, even if it would not
742 have been allowed with the mask this process was started with. */
743 x->umask_kill = ~ umask (0);
751 /* Given a string, ARG, containing a comma-separated list of arguments
752 to the --preserve option, set the appropriate fields of X to ON_OFF. */
754 decode_preserve_arg (char const *arg, struct cp_options *x, int on_off)
764 static enum File_attribute const preserve_vals[] =
766 PRESERVE_MODE, PRESERVE_TIMESTAMPS,
767 PRESERVE_OWNERSHIP, PRESERVE_LINK, PRESERVE_ALL
770 /* Valid arguments to the `--reply' option. */
771 static char const* const preserve_args[] =
773 "mode", "timestamps",
774 "ownership", "links", "all", 0
777 char *arg_writable = xstrdup (arg);
778 char *s = arg_writable;
781 /* find next comma */
782 char *comma = strchr (s, ',');
783 enum File_attribute val;
785 /* If we found a comma, put a NUL in its place and advance. */
790 val = XARGMATCH ("--preserve", s, preserve_args, preserve_vals);
794 x->preserve_mode = on_off;
797 case PRESERVE_TIMESTAMPS:
798 x->preserve_timestamps = on_off;
801 case PRESERVE_OWNERSHIP:
802 x->preserve_ownership = on_off;
806 x->preserve_links = on_off;
810 x->preserve_mode = on_off;
811 x->preserve_timestamps = on_off;
812 x->preserve_ownership = on_off;
813 x->preserve_links = on_off;
826 static void run (size_t, char **, char const *, struct cp_options *)
828 /* Encapsulate the `copy-and-exit' functionality. */
830 run (size_t n_files, char **files, char const *target_directory,
831 struct cp_options *x)
835 /* Allocate space for remembering copied and created files. */
838 fail = do_copy (n_files, files, target_directory, x);
842 exit (fail ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
846 main (int argc, char **argv)
849 int make_backups = 0;
850 char *backup_suffix_string;
851 char *version_control_string = NULL;
853 int copy_contents = 0;
854 char *target_directory = NULL;
856 program_name = argv[0];
857 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
858 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
859 textdomain (PACKAGE);
861 atexit (close_stdout);
865 /* FIXME: consider not calling getenv for SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX unless
866 we'll actually use backup_suffix_string. */
867 backup_suffix_string = getenv ("SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX");
869 while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "abdfHilLprsuvxPRS:V:", long_opts, NULL))
878 x.sparse_mode = XARGMATCH ("--sparse", optarg,
879 sparse_type_string, sparse_type);
882 case 'a': /* Like -dpPR. */
883 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
884 x.preserve_links = 1;
885 x.preserve_ownership = 1;
887 x.preserve_timestamps = 1;
888 x.require_preserve = 1;
892 case 'V': /* FIXME: this is deprecated. Remove it in 2001. */
894 _("warning: --version-control (-V) is obsolete; support for\
895 it\nwill be removed in some future release. Use --backup=%s instead."
902 version_control_string = optarg;
905 case COPY_CONTENTS_OPTION:
910 x.preserve_links = 1;
911 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
915 x.unlink_dest_after_failed_open = 1;
919 x.dereference = DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS;
923 x.interactive = I_ASK_USER;
931 x.dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
935 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
938 case NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION:
939 decode_preserve_arg (optarg, &x, 0);
942 case PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION:
945 /* Fall through to the case for `p' below. */
949 decode_preserve_arg (optarg, &x, 1);
950 x.require_preserve = 1;
955 x.preserve_ownership = 1;
957 x.preserve_timestamps = 1;
958 x.require_preserve = 1;
971 x.interactive = XARGMATCH ("--reply", optarg,
972 reply_args, reply_vals);
975 case UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING:
976 x.unlink_dest_before_opening = 1;
979 case STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION:
980 remove_trailing_slashes = 1;
987 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
988 _("symbolic links are not supported on this system"));
992 case TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION:
993 target_directory = optarg;
1005 x.one_file_system = 1;
1010 backup_suffix_string = optarg;
1013 case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
1015 case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);
1018 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
1022 if (x.hard_link && x.symbolic_link)
1024 error (0, 0, _("cannot make both hard and symbolic links"));
1025 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
1028 if (backup_suffix_string)
1029 simple_backup_suffix = xstrdup (backup_suffix_string);
1031 x.backup_type = (make_backups
1032 ? xget_version (_("backup type"),
1033 version_control_string)
1036 if (x.preserve_mode == 1)
1037 x.umask_kill = ~ (mode_t) 0;
1039 if (x.dereference == DEREF_UNDEFINED)
1042 /* This is compatible with FreeBSD. */
1043 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
1045 x.dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
1048 /* The key difference between -d (--no-dereference) and not is the version
1049 of `stat' to call. */
1051 if (x.dereference == DEREF_NEVER)
1055 /* For DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS, x.xstat must be stat for
1056 each command line argument, but must later be `lstat' for
1057 any symlinks that are found via recursive traversal. */
1062 x.copy_as_regular = copy_contents;
1064 /* If --force (-f) was specified and we're in link-creation mode,
1065 first remove any existing destination file. */
1066 if (x.unlink_dest_after_failed_open && (x.hard_link || x.symbolic_link))
1067 x.unlink_dest_before_opening = 1;
1069 run (argc - optind, argv + optind, target_directory, &x);