1 /* cp.c -- file copying (main routines)
2 Copyright (C) 89, 90, 91, 1995-2004 Free Software Foundation.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
16 Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
18 Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering. */
22 #include <sys/types.h>
28 #include "backupfile.h"
33 #include "path-concat.h"
38 #define ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA(Dest, File_name) \
42 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (tmp_abns_, (File_name)); \
43 strip_trailing_slashes (tmp_abns_); \
44 Dest = base_name (tmp_abns_); \
48 /* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix). */
49 #define PROGRAM_NAME "cp"
51 #define AUTHORS "Torbjorn Granlund", "David MacKenzie", "Jim Meyering"
53 #ifndef _POSIX_VERSION
57 /* Used by do_copy, make_path_private, and re_protect
58 to keep a list of leading directories whose protections
59 need to be fixed after copying. */
64 struct dir_attr *next;
67 /* For long options that have no equivalent short option, use a
68 non-character as a pseudo short option, starting with CHAR_MAX + 1. */
71 COPY_CONTENTS_OPTION = CHAR_MAX + 1,
72 NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION,
74 PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION,
77 STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION,
78 TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION,
79 UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING
82 /* Initial number of entries in each hash table entry's table of inodes. */
83 #define INITIAL_HASH_MODULE 100
85 /* Initial number of entries in the inode hash table. */
86 #define INITIAL_ENTRY_TAB_SIZE 70
88 /* The invocation name of this program. */
91 /* If nonzero, the command "cp x/e_file e_dir" uses "e_dir/x/e_file"
92 as its destination instead of the usual "e_dir/e_file." */
93 static int flag_path = 0;
95 /* Remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument. */
96 static int remove_trailing_slashes;
98 static char const *const sparse_type_string[] =
100 "never", "auto", "always", 0
103 static enum Sparse_type const sparse_type[] =
105 SPARSE_NEVER, SPARSE_AUTO, SPARSE_ALWAYS
108 /* Valid arguments to the `--reply' option. */
109 static char const* const reply_args[] =
111 "yes", "no", "query", 0
114 /* The values that correspond to the above strings. */
115 static int const reply_vals[] =
117 I_ALWAYS_YES, I_ALWAYS_NO, I_ASK_USER
120 static struct option const long_opts[] =
122 {"archive", no_argument, NULL, 'a'},
123 {"backup", optional_argument, NULL, 'b'},
124 {"copy-contents", no_argument, NULL, COPY_CONTENTS_OPTION},
125 {"dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'L'},
126 {"force", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
127 {"interactive", no_argument, NULL, 'i'},
128 {"link", no_argument, NULL, 'l'},
129 {"no-dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
130 {"no-preserve", required_argument, NULL, NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION},
131 {"one-file-system", no_argument, NULL, 'x'},
132 {"parents", no_argument, NULL, PARENTS_OPTION},
133 {"path", no_argument, NULL, PARENTS_OPTION}, /* Deprecated. */
134 {"preserve", optional_argument, NULL, PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION},
135 {"recursive", no_argument, NULL, 'R'},
136 {"remove-destination", no_argument, NULL, UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING},
137 {"reply", required_argument, NULL, REPLY_OPTION},
138 {"sparse", required_argument, NULL, SPARSE_OPTION},
139 {"strip-trailing-slashes", no_argument, NULL, STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION},
140 {"suffix", required_argument, NULL, 'S'},
141 {"symbolic-link", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
142 {"target-directory", required_argument, NULL, TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION},
143 {"update", no_argument, NULL, 'u'},
144 {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
145 {"version-control", required_argument, NULL, 'V'}, /* Deprecated. FIXME. */
146 {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
147 {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
154 if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
155 fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
160 Usage: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST\n\
161 or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY\n\
162 or: %s [OPTION]... --target-directory=DIRECTORY SOURCE...\n\
164 program_name, program_name, program_name);
166 Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.\n\
170 Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.\n\
173 -a, --archive same as -dpR\n\
174 --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file\n\
175 -b like --backup but does not accept an argument\n\
176 --copy-contents copy contents of special files when recursive\n\
177 -d same as --no-dereference --preserve=link\n\
180 --no-dereference never follow symbolic links\n\
181 -f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be\n\
182 opened, remove it and try again\n\
183 -i, --interactive prompt before overwrite\n\
184 -H follow command-line symbolic links\n\
187 -l, --link link files instead of copying\n\
188 -L, --dereference always follow symbolic links\n\
189 -p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps\n\
190 --preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default:\n\
191 mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible\n\
192 additional attributes: links, all\n\
195 --no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes\n\
196 --parents append source path to DIRECTORY\n\
197 -P same as `--no-dereference'\n\
200 -R, -r, --recursive copy directories recursively\n\
201 --remove-destination remove each existing destination file before\n\
202 attempting to open it (contrast with --force)\n\
205 --reply={yes,no,query} specify how to handle the prompt about an\n\
206 existing destination file\n\
207 --sparse=WHEN control creation of sparse files\n\
208 --strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE\n\
212 -s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying\n\
213 -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix\n\
214 --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY\n\
217 -u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer\n\
218 than the destination file or when the\n\
219 destination file is missing\n\
220 -v, --verbose explain what is being done\n\
221 -x, --one-file-system stay on this file system\n\
223 fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
224 fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
227 By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and the\n\
228 corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behavior\n\
229 selected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DEST\n\
230 file whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes.\n\
231 Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files.\n\
235 The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.\n\
236 The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through\n\
237 the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:\n\
241 none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)\n\
242 numbered, t make numbered backups\n\
243 existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise\n\
244 simple, never always make simple backups\n\
248 As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup\n\
249 options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,\n\
252 printf (_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
257 /* Ensure that the parent directories of CONST_DST_PATH have the
258 correct protections, for the --parents option. This is done
259 after all copying has been completed, to allow permissions
260 that don't include user write/execute.
262 SRC_OFFSET is the index in CONST_DST_PATH of the beginning of the
263 source directory name.
265 ATTR_LIST is a null-terminated linked list of structures that
266 indicates the end of the filename of each intermediate directory
267 in CONST_DST_PATH that may need to have its attributes changed.
268 The command `cp --parents --preserve a/b/c d/e_dir' changes the
269 attributes of the directories d/e_dir/a and d/e_dir/a/b to match
270 the corresponding source directories regardless of whether they
271 existed before the `cp' command was given.
273 Return 0 if the parent of CONST_DST_PATH and any intermediate
274 directories specified by ATTR_LIST have the proper permissions
275 when done, otherwise 1. */
278 re_protect (const char *const_dst_path, int src_offset,
279 struct dir_attr *attr_list, const struct cp_options *x)
282 char *dst_path; /* A copy of CONST_DST_PATH we can change. */
283 char *src_path; /* The source name in `dst_path'. */
284 uid_t myeuid = geteuid ();
286 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (dst_path, const_dst_path);
287 src_path = dst_path + src_offset;
289 for (p = attr_list; p; p = p->next)
293 dst_path[p->slash_offset] = '\0';
295 if (XSTAT (x, src_path, &src_sb))
297 error (0, errno, _("failed to get attributes of %s"),
302 /* Adjust the times (and if possible, ownership) for the copy.
303 chown turns off set[ug]id bits for non-root,
304 so do the chmod last. */
306 if (x->preserve_timestamps)
308 struct timespec timespec[2];
310 timespec[0].tv_sec = src_sb.st_atime;
311 timespec[0].tv_nsec = TIMESPEC_NS (src_sb.st_atim);
312 timespec[1].tv_sec = src_sb.st_mtime;
313 timespec[1].tv_nsec = TIMESPEC_NS (src_sb.st_mtim);
315 if (utimens (dst_path, timespec))
317 error (0, errno, _("failed to preserve times for %s"),
323 if (x->preserve_ownership)
325 /* If non-root uses -p, it's ok if we can't preserve ownership.
326 But root probably wants to know, e.g. if NFS disallows it,
327 or if the target system doesn't support file ownership. */
328 if (chown (dst_path, src_sb.st_uid, src_sb.st_gid)
329 && ((errno != EPERM && errno != EINVAL) || myeuid == 0))
331 error (0, errno, _("failed to preserve ownership for %s"),
337 if (x->preserve_mode || p->is_new_dir)
339 if (chmod (dst_path, src_sb.st_mode & x->umask_kill))
341 error (0, errno, _("failed to preserve permissions for %s"),
347 dst_path[p->slash_offset] = '/';
352 /* Ensure that the parent directory of CONST_DIRPATH exists, for
353 the --parents option.
355 SRC_OFFSET is the index in CONST_DIRPATH (which is a destination
356 path) of the beginning of the source directory name.
357 Create any leading directories that don't already exist,
358 giving them permissions MODE.
359 If VERBOSE_FMT_STRING is nonzero, use it as a printf format
360 string for printing a message after successfully making a directory.
361 The format should take two string arguments: the names of the
362 source and destination directories.
363 Creates a linked list of attributes of intermediate directories,
364 *ATTR_LIST, for re_protect to use after calling copy.
365 Sets *NEW_DST to 1 if this function creates parent of CONST_DIRPATH.
367 Return 0 if parent of CONST_DIRPATH exists as a directory with the proper
368 permissions when done, otherwise 1. */
370 /* FIXME: find a way to synch this function with the one in lib/makepath.c. */
373 make_path_private (const char *const_dirpath, int src_offset, int mode,
374 const char *verbose_fmt_string, struct dir_attr **attr_list,
375 int *new_dst, int (*xstat)())
378 char *dirpath; /* A copy of CONST_DIRPATH we can change. */
379 char *src; /* Source name in `dirpath'. */
380 char *dst_dirname; /* Leading path of `dirpath'. */
381 size_t dirlen; /* Length of leading path of `dirpath'. */
383 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (dirpath, const_dirpath);
385 src = dirpath + src_offset;
387 dirlen = dir_len (dirpath);
388 dst_dirname = alloca (dirlen + 1);
389 memcpy (dst_dirname, dirpath, dirlen);
390 dst_dirname[dirlen] = '\0';
394 if ((*xstat) (dst_dirname, &stats))
396 /* Parent of CONST_DIRNAME does not exist.
397 Make all missing intermediate directories. */
401 while (*slash == '/')
403 while ((slash = strchr (slash, '/')))
405 /* Add this directory to the list of directories whose modes need
407 struct dir_attr *new = xmalloc (sizeof *new);
408 new->slash_offset = slash - dirpath;
409 new->next = *attr_list;
413 if ((*xstat) (dirpath, &stats))
415 /* This element of the path does not exist. We must set
416 *new_dst and new->is_new_dir inside this loop because,
417 for example, in the command `cp --parents ../a/../b/c e_dir',
418 make_path_private creates only e_dir/../a if ./b already
422 if (mkdir (dirpath, mode))
424 error (0, errno, _("cannot make directory %s"),
430 if (verbose_fmt_string != NULL)
431 printf (verbose_fmt_string, src, dirpath);
434 else if (!S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
436 error (0, 0, _("%s exists but is not a directory"),
447 /* Avoid unnecessary calls to `stat' when given
448 pathnames containing multiple adjacent slashes. */
449 while (*slash == '/')
454 /* We get here if the parent of `dirpath' already exists. */
456 else if (!S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
458 error (0, 0, _("%s exists but is not a directory"), quote (dst_dirname));
468 /* Scan the arguments, and copy each by calling copy.
469 Return 0 if successful, 1 if any errors occur. */
472 do_copy (int n_files, char **file, const char *target_directory,
473 struct cp_options *x)
481 if (n_files <= !target_directory)
484 error (0, 0, _("missing file operand"));
486 error (0, 0, _("missing destination file operand after %s"),
488 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
491 if (target_directory)
492 dest = target_directory;
495 dest = file[n_files - 1];
499 /* Initialize these hash tables only if we'll need them.
500 The problems they're used to detect can arise only if
501 there are two or more files to copy. */
508 if (lstat (dest, &sb))
512 error (0, errno, _("accessing %s"), quote (dest));
522 /* If `dest' is not a symlink to a nonexistent file, use
523 the results of stat instead of lstat, so we can copy files
524 into symlinks to directories. */
525 if (stat (dest, &sbx) == 0)
528 dest_is_dir = S_ISDIR (sb.st_mode);
533 if (target_directory || 1 < n_files)
536 error (0, 0, _("%s: destination directory does not exist"),
537 quotearg_colon (dest));
538 else if (target_directory)
539 error (0, 0, _("%s: specified target is not a directory"),
540 quotearg_colon (dest));
541 else /* n_files > 1 */
543 _("copying multiple files, but last argument %s is not a directory"),
546 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
552 /* cp file1...filen edir
553 Copy the files `file1' through `filen'
554 to the existing directory `edir'. */
556 int (*xstat)() = (x->dereference == DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS
557 || x->dereference == DEREF_ALWAYS
561 for (i = 0; i < n_files; i++)
564 int parent_exists = 1; /* True if dir_name (dst_path) exists. */
565 struct dir_attr *attr_list;
566 char *arg_in_concat = NULL;
569 /* Trailing slashes are meaningful (i.e., maybe worth preserving)
570 only in the source file names. */
571 if (remove_trailing_slashes)
572 strip_trailing_slashes (arg);
576 char *arg_no_trailing_slash;
578 /* Use `arg' without trailing slashes in constructing destination
579 file names. Otherwise, we can end up trying to create a
580 directory via `mkdir ("dst/foo/"...', which is not portable.
581 It fails, due to the trailing slash, on at least
582 NetBSD 1.[34] systems. */
583 ASSIGN_STRDUPA (arg_no_trailing_slash, arg);
584 strip_trailing_slashes (arg_no_trailing_slash);
586 /* Append all of `arg' (minus any trailing slash) to `dest'. */
587 dst_path = path_concat (dest, arg_no_trailing_slash,
589 if (dst_path == NULL)
592 /* For --parents, we have to make sure that the directory
593 dir_name (dst_path) exists. We may have to create a few
594 leading directories. */
595 parent_exists = !make_path_private (dst_path,
596 arg_in_concat - dst_path,
599 ? "%s -> %s\n" : NULL),
600 &attr_list, &new_dst,
606 /* Append the last component of `arg' to `dest'. */
608 ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA (arg_base, arg);
609 /* For `cp -R source/.. dest', don't copy into `dest/..'. */
610 dst_path = (STREQ (arg_base, "..")
612 : path_concat (dest, arg_base, NULL));
617 /* make_path_private failed, so don't even attempt the copy. */
623 ret |= copy (arg, dst_path, new_dst, x, ©_into_self, NULL);
627 ret |= re_protect (dst_path, arg_in_concat - dst_path,
636 else /* if (n_files == 1) */
641 struct stat source_stats;
646 _("when preserving paths, the destination must be a directory"));
647 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
652 /* When the force and backup options have been specified and
653 the source and destination are the same name for an existing
654 regular file, convert the user's command, e.g.,
655 `cp --force --backup foo foo' to `cp --force foo fooSUFFIX'
656 where SUFFIX is determined by any version control options used. */
658 if (x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open
659 && x->backup_type != none
660 && STREQ (source, dest)
661 && !new_dst && S_ISREG (sb.st_mode))
663 static struct cp_options x_tmp;
665 new_dest = find_backup_file_name (dest, x->backup_type);
666 /* Set x->backup_type to `none' so that the normal backup
667 mechanism is not used when performing the actual copy.
668 backup_type must be set to `none' only *after* the above
669 call to find_backup_file_name -- that function uses
670 backup_type to determine the suffix it applies. */
672 x_tmp.backup_type = none;
675 if (new_dest == NULL)
679 /* When the destination is specified with a trailing slash and the
680 source exists but is not a directory, convert the user's command
681 `cp source dest/' to `cp source dest/basename(source)'. Doing
682 this ensures that the command `cp non-directory file/' will now
683 fail rather than performing the copy. COPY diagnoses the case of
684 `cp directory non-directory'. */
686 else if (dest[strlen (dest) - 1] == '/'
687 && lstat (source, &source_stats) == 0
688 && !S_ISDIR (source_stats.st_mode))
692 ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA (source_base, source);
693 new_dest = alloca (strlen (dest) + strlen (source_base) + 1);
694 stpcpy (stpcpy (new_dest, dest), source_base);
698 new_dest = (char *) dest;
701 return copy (source, new_dest, new_dst, x, &unused, NULL);
708 cp_option_init (struct cp_options *x)
710 x->copy_as_regular = 1;
711 x->dereference = DEREF_UNDEFINED;
712 x->unlink_dest_before_opening = 0;
713 x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open = 0;
715 x->interactive = I_UNSPECIFIED;
716 x->myeuid = geteuid ();
718 x->one_file_system = 0;
720 x->preserve_ownership = 0;
721 x->preserve_links = 0;
722 x->preserve_mode = 0;
723 x->preserve_timestamps = 0;
725 x->require_preserve = 0;
727 x->sparse_mode = SPARSE_AUTO;
728 x->symbolic_link = 0;
735 /* Find out the current file creation mask, to knock the right bits
736 when using chmod. The creation mask is set to be liberal, so
737 that created directories can be written, even if it would not
738 have been allowed with the mask this process was started with. */
739 x->umask_kill = ~ umask (0);
747 /* Given a string, ARG, containing a comma-separated list of arguments
748 to the --preserve option, set the appropriate fields of X to ON_OFF. */
750 decode_preserve_arg (char const *arg, struct cp_options *x, int on_off)
760 static enum File_attribute const preserve_vals[] =
762 PRESERVE_MODE, PRESERVE_TIMESTAMPS,
763 PRESERVE_OWNERSHIP, PRESERVE_LINK, PRESERVE_ALL
766 /* Valid arguments to the `--preserve' option. */
767 static char const* const preserve_args[] =
769 "mode", "timestamps",
770 "ownership", "links", "all", 0
773 char *arg_writable = xstrdup (arg);
774 char *s = arg_writable;
777 /* find next comma */
778 char *comma = strchr (s, ',');
779 enum File_attribute val;
781 /* If we found a comma, put a NUL in its place and advance. */
786 val = XARGMATCH ("--preserve", s, preserve_args, preserve_vals);
790 x->preserve_mode = on_off;
793 case PRESERVE_TIMESTAMPS:
794 x->preserve_timestamps = on_off;
797 case PRESERVE_OWNERSHIP:
798 x->preserve_ownership = on_off;
802 x->preserve_links = on_off;
806 x->preserve_mode = on_off;
807 x->preserve_timestamps = on_off;
808 x->preserve_ownership = on_off;
809 x->preserve_links = on_off;
823 main (int argc, char **argv)
827 int make_backups = 0;
828 char *backup_suffix_string;
829 char *version_control_string = NULL;
831 int copy_contents = 0;
832 char *target_directory = NULL;
834 initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
835 program_name = argv[0];
836 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
837 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
838 textdomain (PACKAGE);
840 atexit (close_stdout);
844 /* FIXME: consider not calling getenv for SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX unless
845 we'll actually use backup_suffix_string. */
846 backup_suffix_string = getenv ("SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX");
848 while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "abdfHilLprsuvxPRS:V:", long_opts, NULL))
857 x.sparse_mode = XARGMATCH ("--sparse", optarg,
858 sparse_type_string, sparse_type);
861 case 'a': /* Like -dpPR. */
862 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
863 x.preserve_links = 1;
864 x.preserve_ownership = 1;
866 x.preserve_timestamps = 1;
867 x.require_preserve = 1;
871 case 'V': /* FIXME: this is deprecated. Remove it in 2001. */
873 _("warning: --version-control (-V) is obsolete; support for\
874 it\nwill be removed in some future release. Use --backup=%s instead."
881 version_control_string = optarg;
884 case COPY_CONTENTS_OPTION:
889 x.preserve_links = 1;
890 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
894 x.unlink_dest_after_failed_open = 1;
898 x.dereference = DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS;
902 x.interactive = I_ASK_USER;
910 x.dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
914 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
917 case NO_PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION:
918 decode_preserve_arg (optarg, &x, 0);
921 case PRESERVE_ATTRIBUTES_OPTION:
924 /* Fall through to the case for `p' below. */
928 decode_preserve_arg (optarg, &x, 1);
929 x.require_preserve = 1;
934 x.preserve_ownership = 1;
936 x.preserve_timestamps = 1;
937 x.require_preserve = 1;
950 x.interactive = XARGMATCH ("--reply", optarg,
951 reply_args, reply_vals);
954 case UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING:
955 x.unlink_dest_before_opening = 1;
958 case STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION:
959 remove_trailing_slashes = 1;
966 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
967 _("symbolic links are not supported on this system"));
971 case TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION:
972 target_directory = optarg;
984 x.one_file_system = 1;
989 backup_suffix_string = optarg;
992 case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
994 case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);
997 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
1001 if (x.hard_link && x.symbolic_link)
1003 error (0, 0, _("cannot make both hard and symbolic links"));
1004 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
1007 if (backup_suffix_string)
1008 simple_backup_suffix = xstrdup (backup_suffix_string);
1010 x.backup_type = (make_backups
1011 ? xget_version (_("backup type"),
1012 version_control_string)
1015 if (x.preserve_mode == 1)
1016 x.umask_kill = ~ (mode_t) 0;
1018 if (x.dereference == DEREF_UNDEFINED)
1021 /* This is compatible with FreeBSD. */
1022 x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
1024 x.dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
1027 /* The key difference between -d (--no-dereference) and not is the version
1028 of `stat' to call. */
1031 x.copy_as_regular = copy_contents;
1033 /* If --force (-f) was specified and we're in link-creation mode,
1034 first remove any existing destination file. */
1035 if (x.unlink_dest_after_failed_open && (x.hard_link || x.symbolic_link))
1036 x.unlink_dest_before_opening = 1;
1038 /* Allocate space for remembering copied and created files. */
1042 exit_status = do_copy (argc - optind, argv + optind, target_directory, &x);