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<h1>Other Deployment Options</h1>

<p>
Usually, users install their own extensions.
But sometimes you might want an extension
to be installed automatically.
Here are two typical cases:
</p>

<ul>
  <li>
    An extension is associated with some other software,
    and the extension should be installed
    whenever the user installs that other software.
    The extension could also be uninstalled
    when the user removes that other software.
  </li>
  <li>
    A network admin wants to install the same extensions
    throughout the company.
  </li>
</ul>

<p>
An extension that's installed automatically is known as an
<em>external extension</em>.
Google Chrome supports two ways of
installing external extensions:
</p>

<ul>
  <li> Using a preferences JSON file (Mac OS X and Linux only)</li>
  <li> Using the Windows registry (Windows only) </li>
</ul>

<p>
Both ways support installing an extension hosted at an
<code>update_URL</code>.
In the Windows registry,
the <code>update_URL</code> must point to the Chrome Web Store
where the extension is hosted.
</p>

<p>
In the preferences file,
it can point to your own server where you are hosting the extension
(see <a href="autoupdate#update_url">autoupdating</a>).
The preferences JSON file also supports installing
an extension from a <code>.crx</code> extension
file on the user's computer
(see <a href="hosting">hosting</a>).
</p>


<p class="note">
<b>Install extensions from your website:</b>
The safest option for your users is to publish your extension
in the Chrome Web Store.
Instead of hosting your own extension,
publish it in the store, and link to the store install using
<a href="https://developers.google.com/chrome/web-store/docs/inline_installation">inline installation</a>.
</p>

<h2 id="prereqs">Before you begin</h2>

<p>
First, <a href="/webstore/publish">publish</a>
the extension in the Chrome Web Store,
or package a <a href="packaging"><code>.crx</code> file</a>
and make sure that it installs successfully.
</p>


<p class="warning">
<b>Windows installs must come from Chrome Web Store:</b><br>
As of Chrome 33,
no external installs are allowed from a path to a local <code>.crx</code>
(see <a href="http://blog.chromium.org/2013/11/protecting-windows-users-from-malicious.html">Protecting Windows users from malicious extensions</a>).
</p>

<p>
If installing from an
 <a href="autoupdate#update_url">update URL</a>, ensure that the extension
is properly <a href="hosting">hosted</a>.
</p>

<p>
Before you edit the preferences file or the registry,
make a note of the following:
</p>

<ul>
 <li> The intended <b>location</b> of the extension's <code>.crx</code> file,
        or the update URL from which it is served </li>
 <li> The extension's <b>version</b>
   (from the manifest file or the <b>chrome://extensions</b> page) </li>
 <li> The extension's <b>ID</b>
   (from the <b>chrome://extensions</b> page
   when you've loaded the packed extension) </li>
</ul>

<p>
The following examples assume the version is <code>1.0</code>
and the ID is <code>aaaaaaaaaabbbbbbbbbbcccccccccc</code>.
</p>

<h2 id="preferences">Using a preferences file</h2>

<br>

<p class="note">
<b>Mac OS X and Linux only:</b>
Do not use the preferences file for Windows.
Use <a href="#registry">Windows registry</a> instead.
</p>

<ol>
<li>If you are installing from a file, make the <code>.crx</code> extension
file available to the machine you want to install the extension on.
(Copy it to a local directory or to a network share for example,
<code>\\server\share\extension.crx</code>
or <code>/home/share/extension.crx</code>.)
</li>

<li>Create a file with the following name in one of the folders listed below:
  <code>aaaaaaaaaabbbbbbbbbbcccccccccc.json</code> where the file name (without the extension)
  corresponds to your extension's ID.
  The location depends on the operating system.
  <dl>
  <dt> Mac OS X:</dt>
    <dd>For a specific user: <code>~USERNAME/Library/Application Support/Google/Chrome/External Extensions/</code><br>
        For all users: <code>/Library/Application Support/Google/Chrome/External Extensions/</code>
    <p>The external extension file for all users is read only if every directory in the path is owned by the user <code>root</code>, has the group <code>admin</code> or <code>wheel</code>, and is not world writable.  The path must also be free of symbolic links.  These restrictions prevent an unprivileged user from causing extensions to be installed for all users.  See <a href="#troubleshooting">troubleshooting</a> for details.</p>
    <p class="note">
    <b>Note:</b> The above path for all users was added in Chrome 16.  Prior versions used a different path:<br/>
     <code>/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/Extensions/</code>
     This path was deprecated in version 17.  Support was removed in version 20.  Use one of the paths above instead.</p>
  </dd>

  <dt> Linux: </dt>
    <dd> <code>/opt/google/chrome/extensions/</code> <br>
    </dd>
    <dd> <code>/usr/share/google-chrome/extensions/</code> <br>
    <b>Note:</b> Use <code>chmod</code> if necessary
    to make sure that the <code>aaaaaaaaaabbbbbbbbbbcccccccccc.json</code> files
    are world-readable.
    </dd>
  </dl>
</li>

<li>If you are installing from a file, specify the extension's location and version with fields
named "external_crx" and "external_version" in the file created above.
<p>
Example:
<pre>
  {
    "external_crx": "/home/share/extension.crx",
    "external_version": "1.0"
  }
</pre>
</p>
<p class="note">
<b>Note:</b>
You need to escape
each <code>\</code> character in the location.
For example,
<code>\\server\share\extension.crx</code> would be
<code>"\\\\server\\share\\extension.crx"</code>.
</p>
<p>
<p>
If you are installing from an update URL, specify the extension's update URL
with field name "external_update_url".
</p>
Example:
<pre>{
  "external_update_url": "http://myhost.com/mytestextension/updates.xml"
}</pre>
<p>
If you would like to install extension only for some browser locales,
you can list supported locales in field name "supported_locale". Locale may
specify parent locale like "en", in this case the extension will be
installed for all English locales like "en-US", "en-GB", etc.
If another browser locale is selected that is not supported by the extension,
the external extensions will be uninstalled. If "supported_locales" list
is missing, the extension will be installed for any locale.
</p>
Example:
<pre>{
  "external_update_url": "http://myhost.com/mytestextension/updates.xml",
  "supported_locales": [ "en", "fr", "de" ]
}</pre>
</li>
<li>Save the JSON file.</li>
<li>Launch Google Chrome and go to <b>chrome://extensions</b>;
you should see the extension listed. </li>
</ol>

<p class="note">
<b>Note:</b>
Previous versions of Google Chrome used an
<code>external_extensions.json</code> file to specify which extensions to
install. This file has been deprecated in favor of individual <code>.json</code>
files, one per extension.
</p>

<h3 id="troubleshooting">Troubleshooting Mac OS permissions problems</h3>

<p>On Mac OS, the external extensions files for all users are only read if file system permissions prevent unprivileged users from changing it.  If you do not see external extensions installed when Chrome is launched, there may be a permissions problem with the external extensions preferences files.  To see if this is the problem, follow these steps:</p>

<ol>
  <li> Launch the Console program.  You can find it under /Applications/Utilities/Console. </li>
  <li> If the leftmost icon in the Console says "Show Log List", click that icon.  A second column appears at the left. </li>
  <li> Click "Console Messages" in the left pane. </li>
  <li> Search for the string <b>Can not read external extensions</b>.  If there is a problem reading the external extensions files, you will see an error message.  Look for another error message directly above it, which should explain the issue.  For example, if you see the following error:
     "Path /Library/Application Support/Google/Chrome is owned by the wrong group", you need to use <code>chgrp</code> or the Finder's Get Info dialog to change the directory's group owner to the Administrator group.</li>
  <li> After fixing the issue, relaunch Chrome.  Test that the external extension is now installed.  It is possible that one permissions error keeps Chrome from detecting a second error.  If the external extension was not installed, repeat these steps until you do not see an error in the Console application.
</ol>

<h2 id="registry">Using the Windows registry</h2>

<ol>
<li>Find or create the following key in the
registry:
<ul>
  <li> 32-bit Windows: <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Google\Chrome\Extensions</code> </li>
  <li> 64-bit Windows: <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Wow6432Node\Google\Chrome\Extensions</code> </li>
</ul>
</li>

<li>Create a new key (folder)
under the <b>Extensions</b> key with the
same name as the ID of your extension
(for example, <code>aaaaaaaaaabbbbbbbbbbcccccccccc</code>).
</li>
<li>In your extension key,
create a property, "update_url", and set it to the value:
"https://clients2.google.com/service/update2/crx"
(this points to your extension's crx in the Chrome Web Store):
<pre>{
  "update_url": "https://clients2.google.com/service/update2/crx"
}</pre>
</li>
<li>Launch the browser and go to
<b>chrome://extensions</b>; you should
see the extension listed. </li>
</ol>

<h2 id="updating">Updating and uninstalling</h2>

<p>Google Chrome scans the metadata entries
in the preferences and registry
each time the browser starts, and makes
any necessary changes to the installed
external extensions. </p>

<p>To update your extension to a new version,
update the file, and then update the version
in the preferences or registry. </p>

<p>To uninstall your extension
(for example, if your software is uninstalled),
remove your preference file (aaaaaaaaaabbbbbbbbbbcccccccccc.json)
or the metadata from the registry. </p>

<h2 id="faq">FAQ</h2>

<p>
This section answers common questions about external extensions.
</p>

<p><b>Will the methodology for allowing a “pre-install” still be supported
by Google Chrome from M33 onwards?</b></p>
<p>Yes, but only as an install from a Chrome Web Store
<code>update_URL</code>,
not from a local file path.</p> 

<p><b>Can I specify a URL as a path to the external extension?</b> </p>
<p>Yes, use the <a href="#preferences">preferences JSON</a> file
for Mac OS X and Linux; the <a href="#registry">registry</a> for Windows.
The extension must be hosted as explained in
<a href="hosting">hosting</a>.
In the preferences file,
use the "external_update_url" property to point to an
<a href="autoupdate#update_manifest">update manifest</a> that has the URL for your
extension.
In the Windows registry,
use the "update_url" property.</p>

<p><b>What are some common mistakes when installing with the preferences
file?</b></p>
<ul>
  <li>
    Not specifying the same id/version
    as the one listed in the <code>.crx</code> </li>
  <li>
    The .json file (<code>aaaaaaaaaabbbbbbbbbbcccccccccc.json</code>) is in
    the wrong location or the ID specified does not match the extension ID.
  <li>
    Syntax error in JSON file
    (forgetting to separate entries with comma or
    leaving a trailing comma somewhere) </li>
  <li>
    JSON file entry points to the wrong path
    to the <code>.crx</code> (or path specified but no filename) </li>
  <li>
    Backslashes in UNC path not escaped
    (for example, <code>"\\server\share\file"</code> is wrong;
    it should be <code>"\\\\server\\share\\extension"</code>) </li>
  <li>
    Permissions problems on a network share </li>
</ul>

<p><b>What are some common mistakes when installing with the registry?</b> </p>
<ul>
  <li>Not specifying the same id/version
    as the one listed in the Chrome Web Store </li>
  <li>Key created in the wrong location in the registry </li>
  <li>Registry entry points to the wrong path
to the <code>.crx</code> file in the Chrome Web Store</li>
  <li>Permissions problems on a network share </li>
</ul>

<p><b>How do I update my native binaries and extension in-step?</b></p>
<p>Previously when off-store extensions were supported,
it was possible to have the native binaries and the extension be updated in lock step.
However, extensions hosted on the Chrome Web Store are updated
via the Chrome update mechanism which developers do not control.
Extension developers should be careful about updating extensions
that have a dependency on the native binary
(for example, legacy extensions using <a href="npapi">NPAPI</a>).
</p>

<p><b>What if the user uninstalls the extension?</b> </p>
<p>If the user uninstalls the extension through the UI, it will no
longer be installed or updated on each startup. In other words, the
external extension is blacklisted. </p>

<p><b>How do I get off the blacklist?</b> </p>
<p>If the user uninstalls your extension, you should respect that
decision. However, if you (the developer) accidentally uninstalled
your extension through the UI,
you can remove the blacklist tag
by installing the extension normally
through the UI, and then uninstalling it. </p>