1 /* Generate assembler source containing symbol information
3 * Copyright 2002 by Kai Germaschewski
5 * This software may be used and distributed according to the terms
6 * of the GNU General Public License, incorporated herein by reference.
8 * Usage: nm -n vmlinux | scripts/kallsyms [--all-symbols] > symbols.S
10 * Table compression uses all the unused char codes on the symbols and
11 * maps these to the most used substrings (tokens). For instance, it might
12 * map char code 0xF7 to represent "write_" and then in every symbol where
13 * "write_" appears it can be replaced by 0xF7, saving 5 bytes.
14 * The used codes themselves are also placed in the table so that the
15 * decompresion can work without "special cases".
16 * Applied to kernel symbols, this usually produces a compression ratio
27 #define ARRAY_SIZE(arr) (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]))
30 #define KSYM_NAME_LEN 128
33 unsigned long long addr;
35 unsigned int start_pos;
40 const char *stext, *etext;
41 unsigned long long start, end;
44 static unsigned long long _text;
45 static struct text_range text_ranges[] = {
46 { "_stext", "_etext" },
47 { "_sinittext", "_einittext" },
48 { "_stext_l1", "_etext_l1" }, /* Blackfin on-chip L1 inst SRAM */
49 { "_stext_l2", "_etext_l2" }, /* Blackfin on-chip L2 SRAM */
51 #define text_range_text (&text_ranges[0])
52 #define text_range_inittext (&text_ranges[1])
54 static struct sym_entry *table;
55 static unsigned int table_size, table_cnt;
56 static int all_symbols = 0;
57 static char symbol_prefix_char = '\0';
58 static unsigned long long kernel_start_addr = 0;
60 int token_profit[0x10000];
62 /* the table that holds the result of the compression */
63 unsigned char best_table[256][2];
64 unsigned char best_table_len[256];
67 static void usage(void)
69 fprintf(stderr, "Usage: kallsyms [--all-symbols] "
70 "[--symbol-prefix=<prefix char>] "
71 "[--page-offset=<CONFIG_PAGE_OFFSET>] "
72 "< in.map > out.S\n");
77 * This ignores the intensely annoying "mapping symbols" found
78 * in ARM ELF files: $a, $t and $d.
80 static inline int is_arm_mapping_symbol(const char *str)
82 return str[0] == '$' && strchr("atd", str[1])
83 && (str[2] == '\0' || str[2] == '.');
86 static int read_symbol_tr(const char *sym, unsigned long long addr)
89 struct text_range *tr;
91 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(text_ranges); ++i) {
94 if (strcmp(sym, tr->stext) == 0) {
97 } else if (strcmp(sym, tr->etext) == 0) {
106 static int read_symbol(FILE *in, struct sym_entry *s)
112 rc = fscanf(in, "%llx %c %499s\n", &s->addr, &stype, str);
114 if (rc != EOF && fgets(str, 500, in) == NULL)
115 fprintf(stderr, "Read error or end of file.\n");
120 /* skip prefix char */
121 if (symbol_prefix_char && str[0] == symbol_prefix_char)
124 /* Ignore most absolute/undefined (?) symbols. */
125 if (strcmp(sym, "_text") == 0)
127 else if (read_symbol_tr(sym, s->addr) == 0)
129 else if (toupper(stype) == 'A')
131 /* Keep these useful absolute symbols */
132 if (strcmp(sym, "__kernel_syscall_via_break") &&
133 strcmp(sym, "__kernel_syscall_via_epc") &&
134 strcmp(sym, "__kernel_sigtramp") &&
139 else if (toupper(stype) == 'U' ||
140 is_arm_mapping_symbol(sym))
142 /* exclude also MIPS ELF local symbols ($L123 instead of .L123) */
143 else if (str[0] == '$')
145 /* exclude debugging symbols */
146 else if (stype == 'N')
149 /* include the type field in the symbol name, so that it gets
150 * compressed together */
151 s->len = strlen(str) + 1;
152 s->sym = malloc(s->len + 1);
154 fprintf(stderr, "kallsyms failure: "
155 "unable to allocate required amount of memory\n");
158 strcpy((char *)s->sym + 1, str);
164 static int symbol_valid_tr(struct sym_entry *s)
167 struct text_range *tr;
169 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(text_ranges); ++i) {
170 tr = &text_ranges[i];
172 if (s->addr >= tr->start && s->addr <= tr->end)
179 static int symbol_valid(struct sym_entry *s)
181 /* Symbols which vary between passes. Passes 1 and 2 must have
182 * identical symbol lists. The kallsyms_* symbols below are only added
183 * after pass 1, they would be included in pass 2 when --all-symbols is
184 * specified so exclude them to get a stable symbol list.
186 static char *special_symbols[] = {
187 "kallsyms_addresses",
191 "kallsyms_token_table",
192 "kallsyms_token_index",
194 /* Exclude linker generated symbols which vary between passes */
195 "_SDA_BASE_", /* ppc */
196 "_SDA2_BASE_", /* ppc */
201 if (s->addr < kernel_start_addr)
204 /* skip prefix char */
205 if (symbol_prefix_char && *(s->sym + 1) == symbol_prefix_char)
208 /* if --all-symbols is not specified, then symbols outside the text
209 * and inittext sections are discarded */
211 if (symbol_valid_tr(s) == 0)
213 /* Corner case. Discard any symbols with the same value as
214 * _etext _einittext; they can move between pass 1 and 2 when
215 * the kallsyms data are added. If these symbols move then
216 * they may get dropped in pass 2, which breaks the kallsyms
219 if ((s->addr == text_range_text->end &&
220 strcmp((char *)s->sym + offset, text_range_text->etext)) ||
221 (s->addr == text_range_inittext->end &&
222 strcmp((char *)s->sym + offset, text_range_inittext->etext)))
226 /* Exclude symbols which vary between passes. */
227 if (strstr((char *)s->sym + offset, "_compiled."))
230 for (i = 0; special_symbols[i]; i++)
231 if( strcmp((char *)s->sym + offset, special_symbols[i]) == 0 )
237 static void read_map(FILE *in)
240 if (table_cnt >= table_size) {
242 table = realloc(table, sizeof(*table) * table_size);
244 fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
248 if (read_symbol(in, &table[table_cnt]) == 0) {
249 table[table_cnt].start_pos = table_cnt;
255 static void output_label(char *label)
257 if (symbol_prefix_char)
258 printf(".globl %c%s\n", symbol_prefix_char, label);
260 printf(".globl %s\n", label);
262 if (symbol_prefix_char)
263 printf("%c%s:\n", symbol_prefix_char, label);
265 printf("%s:\n", label);
268 /* uncompress a compressed symbol. When this function is called, the best table
269 * might still be compressed itself, so the function needs to be recursive */
270 static int expand_symbol(unsigned char *data, int len, char *result)
272 int c, rlen, total=0;
276 /* if the table holds a single char that is the same as the one
277 * we are looking for, then end the search */
278 if (best_table[c][0]==c && best_table_len[c]==1) {
282 /* if not, recurse and expand */
283 rlen = expand_symbol(best_table[c], best_table_len[c], result);
295 static void write_src(void)
297 unsigned int i, k, off;
298 unsigned int best_idx[256];
299 unsigned int *markers;
300 char buf[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
302 printf("#include <asm/types.h>\n");
303 printf("#if BITS_PER_LONG == 64\n");
304 printf("#define PTR .quad\n");
305 printf("#define ALGN .align 8\n");
307 printf("#define PTR .long\n");
308 printf("#define ALGN .align 4\n");
311 printf("\t.section .rodata, \"a\"\n");
313 /* Provide proper symbols relocatability by their '_text'
314 * relativeness. The symbol names cannot be used to construct
315 * normal symbol references as the list of symbols contains
316 * symbols that are declared static and are private to their
317 * .o files. This prevents .tmp_kallsyms.o or any other
318 * object from referencing them.
320 output_label("kallsyms_addresses");
321 for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++) {
322 if (toupper(table[i].sym[0]) != 'A') {
323 if (_text <= table[i].addr)
324 printf("\tPTR\t_text + %#llx\n",
325 table[i].addr - _text);
327 printf("\tPTR\t_text - %#llx\n",
328 _text - table[i].addr);
330 printf("\tPTR\t%#llx\n", table[i].addr);
335 output_label("kallsyms_num_syms");
336 printf("\tPTR\t%d\n", table_cnt);
339 /* table of offset markers, that give the offset in the compressed stream
340 * every 256 symbols */
341 markers = malloc(sizeof(unsigned int) * ((table_cnt + 255) / 256));
343 fprintf(stderr, "kallsyms failure: "
344 "unable to allocate required memory\n");
348 output_label("kallsyms_names");
350 for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++) {
352 markers[i >> 8] = off;
354 printf("\t.byte 0x%02x", table[i].len);
355 for (k = 0; k < table[i].len; k++)
356 printf(", 0x%02x", table[i].sym[k]);
359 off += table[i].len + 1;
363 output_label("kallsyms_markers");
364 for (i = 0; i < ((table_cnt + 255) >> 8); i++)
365 printf("\tPTR\t%d\n", markers[i]);
370 output_label("kallsyms_token_table");
372 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
374 expand_symbol(best_table[i], best_table_len[i], buf);
375 printf("\t.asciz\t\"%s\"\n", buf);
376 off += strlen(buf) + 1;
380 output_label("kallsyms_token_index");
381 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
382 printf("\t.short\t%d\n", best_idx[i]);
387 /* table lookup compression functions */
389 /* count all the possible tokens in a symbol */
390 static void learn_symbol(unsigned char *symbol, int len)
394 for (i = 0; i < len - 1; i++)
395 token_profit[ symbol[i] + (symbol[i + 1] << 8) ]++;
398 /* decrease the count for all the possible tokens in a symbol */
399 static void forget_symbol(unsigned char *symbol, int len)
403 for (i = 0; i < len - 1; i++)
404 token_profit[ symbol[i] + (symbol[i + 1] << 8) ]--;
407 /* remove all the invalid symbols from the table and do the initial token count */
408 static void build_initial_tok_table(void)
413 for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++) {
414 if ( symbol_valid(&table[i]) ) {
416 table[pos] = table[i];
417 learn_symbol(table[pos].sym, table[pos].len);
424 static void *find_token(unsigned char *str, int len, unsigned char *token)
428 for (i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {
429 if (str[i] == token[0] && str[i+1] == token[1])
435 /* replace a given token in all the valid symbols. Use the sampled symbols
436 * to update the counts */
437 static void compress_symbols(unsigned char *str, int idx)
439 unsigned int i, len, size;
440 unsigned char *p1, *p2;
442 for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++) {
447 /* find the token on the symbol */
448 p2 = find_token(p1, len, str);
451 /* decrease the counts for this symbol's tokens */
452 forget_symbol(table[i].sym, len);
460 memmove(p2, p2 + 1, size);
466 /* find the token on the symbol */
467 p2 = find_token(p1, size, str);
473 /* increase the counts for this symbol's new tokens */
474 learn_symbol(table[i].sym, len);
478 /* search the token with the maximum profit */
479 static int find_best_token(void)
481 int i, best, bestprofit;
486 for (i = 0; i < 0x10000; i++) {
487 if (token_profit[i] > bestprofit) {
489 bestprofit = token_profit[i];
495 /* this is the core of the algorithm: calculate the "best" table */
496 static void optimize_result(void)
500 /* using the '\0' symbol last allows compress_symbols to use standard
501 * fast string functions */
502 for (i = 255; i >= 0; i--) {
504 /* if this table slot is empty (it is not used by an actual
505 * original char code */
506 if (!best_table_len[i]) {
508 /* find the token with the breates profit value */
509 best = find_best_token();
510 if (token_profit[best] == 0)
513 /* place it in the "best" table */
514 best_table_len[i] = 2;
515 best_table[i][0] = best & 0xFF;
516 best_table[i][1] = (best >> 8) & 0xFF;
518 /* replace this token in all the valid symbols */
519 compress_symbols(best_table[i], i);
524 /* start by placing the symbols that are actually used on the table */
525 static void insert_real_symbols_in_table(void)
527 unsigned int i, j, c;
529 memset(best_table, 0, sizeof(best_table));
530 memset(best_table_len, 0, sizeof(best_table_len));
532 for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++) {
533 for (j = 0; j < table[i].len; j++) {
541 static void optimize_token_table(void)
543 build_initial_tok_table();
545 insert_real_symbols_in_table();
547 /* When valid symbol is not registered, exit to error */
549 fprintf(stderr, "No valid symbol.\n");
556 /* guess for "linker script provide" symbol */
557 static int may_be_linker_script_provide_symbol(const struct sym_entry *se)
559 const char *symbol = (char *)se->sym + 1;
560 int len = se->len - 1;
565 if (symbol[0] != '_' || symbol[1] != '_')
569 if (!memcmp(symbol + 2, "start_", 6))
573 if (!memcmp(symbol + 2, "stop_", 5))
577 if (!memcmp(symbol + 2, "end_", 4))
581 if (!memcmp(symbol + len - 6, "_start", 6))
585 if (!memcmp(symbol + len - 4, "_end", 4))
591 static int prefix_underscores_count(const char *str)
593 const char *tail = str;
601 static int compare_symbols(const void *a, const void *b)
603 const struct sym_entry *sa;
604 const struct sym_entry *sb;
610 /* sort by address first */
611 if (sa->addr > sb->addr)
613 if (sa->addr < sb->addr)
616 /* sort by "weakness" type */
617 wa = (sa->sym[0] == 'w') || (sa->sym[0] == 'W');
618 wb = (sb->sym[0] == 'w') || (sb->sym[0] == 'W');
622 /* sort by "linker script provide" type */
623 wa = may_be_linker_script_provide_symbol(sa);
624 wb = may_be_linker_script_provide_symbol(sb);
628 /* sort by the number of prefix underscores */
629 wa = prefix_underscores_count((const char *)sa->sym + 1);
630 wb = prefix_underscores_count((const char *)sb->sym + 1);
634 /* sort by initial order, so that other symbols are left undisturbed */
635 return sa->start_pos - sb->start_pos;
638 static void sort_symbols(void)
640 qsort(table, table_cnt, sizeof(struct sym_entry), compare_symbols);
643 int main(int argc, char **argv)
647 for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
648 if(strcmp(argv[i], "--all-symbols") == 0)
650 else if (strncmp(argv[i], "--symbol-prefix=", 16) == 0) {
651 char *p = &argv[i][16];
653 if ((*p == '"' && *(p+2) == '"') || (*p == '\'' && *(p+2) == '\''))
655 symbol_prefix_char = *p;
656 } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "--page-offset=", 14) == 0) {
657 const char *p = &argv[i][14];
658 kernel_start_addr = strtoull(p, NULL, 16);
662 } else if (argc != 1)
667 optimize_token_table();