1 /* Generate assembler source containing symbol information
3 * Copyright 2002 by Kai Germaschewski
5 * This software may be used and distributed according to the terms
6 * of the GNU General Public License, incorporated herein by reference.
8 * Usage: nm -n vmlinux | scripts/kallsyms [--all-symbols] > symbols.S
10 * Table compression uses all the unused char codes on the symbols and
11 * maps these to the most used substrings (tokens). For instance, it might
12 * map char code 0xF7 to represent "write_" and then in every symbol where
13 * "write_" appears it can be replaced by 0xF7, saving 5 bytes.
14 * The used codes themselves are also placed in the table so that the
15 * decompresion can work without "special cases".
16 * Applied to kernel symbols, this usually produces a compression ratio
27 #define ARRAY_SIZE(arr) (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]))
30 #define KSYM_NAME_LEN 128
33 unsigned long long addr;
35 unsigned int start_pos;
40 const char *stext, *etext;
41 unsigned long long start, end;
44 static unsigned long long _text;
45 static struct text_range text_ranges[] = {
46 { "_stext", "_etext" },
47 { "_sinittext", "_einittext" },
48 { "_stext_l1", "_etext_l1" }, /* Blackfin on-chip L1 inst SRAM */
49 { "_stext_l2", "_etext_l2" }, /* Blackfin on-chip L2 SRAM */
51 #define text_range_text (&text_ranges[0])
52 #define text_range_inittext (&text_ranges[1])
54 static struct sym_entry *table;
55 static unsigned int table_size, table_cnt;
56 static int all_symbols = 0;
57 static char symbol_prefix_char = '\0';
58 static unsigned long long kernel_start_addr = 0;
60 int token_profit[0x10000];
62 /* the table that holds the result of the compression */
63 unsigned char best_table[256][2];
64 unsigned char best_table_len[256];
67 static void usage(void)
69 fprintf(stderr, "Usage: kallsyms [--all-symbols] "
70 "[--symbol-prefix=<prefix char>] "
71 "[--page-offset=<CONFIG_PAGE_OFFSET>] "
72 "< in.map > out.S\n");
77 * This ignores the intensely annoying "mapping symbols" found
78 * in ARM ELF files: $a, $t and $d.
80 static inline int is_arm_mapping_symbol(const char *str)
82 return str[0] == '$' && strchr("atd", str[1])
83 && (str[2] == '\0' || str[2] == '.');
86 static int read_symbol_tr(const char *sym, unsigned long long addr)
89 struct text_range *tr;
91 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(text_ranges); ++i) {
94 if (strcmp(sym, tr->stext) == 0) {
97 } else if (strcmp(sym, tr->etext) == 0) {
106 static int read_symbol(FILE *in, struct sym_entry *s)
112 rc = fscanf(in, "%llx %c %499s\n", &s->addr, &stype, str);
114 if (rc != EOF && fgets(str, 500, in) == NULL)
115 fprintf(stderr, "Read error or end of file.\n");
118 if (strlen(str) > KSYM_NAME_LEN) {
119 fprintf(stderr, "Symbol %s too long for kallsyms (%zu vs %d).\n"
120 "Please increase KSYM_NAME_LEN both in kernel and kallsyms.c\n",
121 str, strlen(str), KSYM_NAME_LEN);
126 /* skip prefix char */
127 if (symbol_prefix_char && str[0] == symbol_prefix_char)
130 /* Ignore most absolute/undefined (?) symbols. */
131 if (strcmp(sym, "_text") == 0)
133 else if (read_symbol_tr(sym, s->addr) == 0)
135 else if (toupper(stype) == 'A')
137 /* Keep these useful absolute symbols */
138 if (strcmp(sym, "__kernel_syscall_via_break") &&
139 strcmp(sym, "__kernel_syscall_via_epc") &&
140 strcmp(sym, "__kernel_sigtramp") &&
145 else if (toupper(stype) == 'U' ||
146 is_arm_mapping_symbol(sym))
148 /* exclude also MIPS ELF local symbols ($L123 instead of .L123) */
149 else if (str[0] == '$')
151 /* exclude debugging symbols */
152 else if (stype == 'N')
155 /* include the type field in the symbol name, so that it gets
156 * compressed together */
157 s->len = strlen(str) + 1;
158 s->sym = malloc(s->len + 1);
160 fprintf(stderr, "kallsyms failure: "
161 "unable to allocate required amount of memory\n");
164 strcpy((char *)s->sym + 1, str);
170 static int symbol_valid_tr(struct sym_entry *s)
173 struct text_range *tr;
175 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(text_ranges); ++i) {
176 tr = &text_ranges[i];
178 if (s->addr >= tr->start && s->addr <= tr->end)
185 static int symbol_valid(struct sym_entry *s)
187 /* Symbols which vary between passes. Passes 1 and 2 must have
188 * identical symbol lists. The kallsyms_* symbols below are only added
189 * after pass 1, they would be included in pass 2 when --all-symbols is
190 * specified so exclude them to get a stable symbol list.
192 static char *special_symbols[] = {
193 "kallsyms_addresses",
197 "kallsyms_token_table",
198 "kallsyms_token_index",
200 /* Exclude linker generated symbols which vary between passes */
201 "_SDA_BASE_", /* ppc */
202 "_SDA2_BASE_", /* ppc */
207 if (s->addr < kernel_start_addr)
210 /* skip prefix char */
211 if (symbol_prefix_char && *(s->sym + 1) == symbol_prefix_char)
214 /* if --all-symbols is not specified, then symbols outside the text
215 * and inittext sections are discarded */
217 if (symbol_valid_tr(s) == 0)
219 /* Corner case. Discard any symbols with the same value as
220 * _etext _einittext; they can move between pass 1 and 2 when
221 * the kallsyms data are added. If these symbols move then
222 * they may get dropped in pass 2, which breaks the kallsyms
225 if ((s->addr == text_range_text->end &&
226 strcmp((char *)s->sym + offset, text_range_text->etext)) ||
227 (s->addr == text_range_inittext->end &&
228 strcmp((char *)s->sym + offset, text_range_inittext->etext)))
232 /* Exclude symbols which vary between passes. */
233 if (strstr((char *)s->sym + offset, "_compiled."))
236 for (i = 0; special_symbols[i]; i++)
237 if( strcmp((char *)s->sym + offset, special_symbols[i]) == 0 )
243 static void read_map(FILE *in)
246 if (table_cnt >= table_size) {
248 table = realloc(table, sizeof(*table) * table_size);
250 fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
254 if (read_symbol(in, &table[table_cnt]) == 0) {
255 table[table_cnt].start_pos = table_cnt;
261 static void output_label(char *label)
263 if (symbol_prefix_char)
264 printf(".globl %c%s\n", symbol_prefix_char, label);
266 printf(".globl %s\n", label);
268 if (symbol_prefix_char)
269 printf("%c%s:\n", symbol_prefix_char, label);
271 printf("%s:\n", label);
274 /* uncompress a compressed symbol. When this function is called, the best table
275 * might still be compressed itself, so the function needs to be recursive */
276 static int expand_symbol(unsigned char *data, int len, char *result)
278 int c, rlen, total=0;
282 /* if the table holds a single char that is the same as the one
283 * we are looking for, then end the search */
284 if (best_table[c][0]==c && best_table_len[c]==1) {
288 /* if not, recurse and expand */
289 rlen = expand_symbol(best_table[c], best_table_len[c], result);
301 static void write_src(void)
303 unsigned int i, k, off;
304 unsigned int best_idx[256];
305 unsigned int *markers;
306 char buf[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
308 printf("#include <asm/types.h>\n");
309 printf("#if BITS_PER_LONG == 64\n");
310 printf("#define PTR .quad\n");
311 printf("#define ALGN .align 8\n");
313 printf("#define PTR .long\n");
314 printf("#define ALGN .align 4\n");
317 printf("\t.section .rodata, \"a\"\n");
319 /* Provide proper symbols relocatability by their '_text'
320 * relativeness. The symbol names cannot be used to construct
321 * normal symbol references as the list of symbols contains
322 * symbols that are declared static and are private to their
323 * .o files. This prevents .tmp_kallsyms.o or any other
324 * object from referencing them.
326 output_label("kallsyms_addresses");
327 for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++) {
328 if (toupper(table[i].sym[0]) != 'A') {
329 if (_text <= table[i].addr)
330 printf("\tPTR\t_text + %#llx\n",
331 table[i].addr - _text);
333 printf("\tPTR\t_text - %#llx\n",
334 _text - table[i].addr);
336 printf("\tPTR\t%#llx\n", table[i].addr);
341 output_label("kallsyms_num_syms");
342 printf("\tPTR\t%d\n", table_cnt);
345 /* table of offset markers, that give the offset in the compressed stream
346 * every 256 symbols */
347 markers = malloc(sizeof(unsigned int) * ((table_cnt + 255) / 256));
349 fprintf(stderr, "kallsyms failure: "
350 "unable to allocate required memory\n");
354 output_label("kallsyms_names");
356 for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++) {
358 markers[i >> 8] = off;
360 printf("\t.byte 0x%02x", table[i].len);
361 for (k = 0; k < table[i].len; k++)
362 printf(", 0x%02x", table[i].sym[k]);
365 off += table[i].len + 1;
369 output_label("kallsyms_markers");
370 for (i = 0; i < ((table_cnt + 255) >> 8); i++)
371 printf("\tPTR\t%d\n", markers[i]);
376 output_label("kallsyms_token_table");
378 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
380 expand_symbol(best_table[i], best_table_len[i], buf);
381 printf("\t.asciz\t\"%s\"\n", buf);
382 off += strlen(buf) + 1;
386 output_label("kallsyms_token_index");
387 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
388 printf("\t.short\t%d\n", best_idx[i]);
393 /* table lookup compression functions */
395 /* count all the possible tokens in a symbol */
396 static void learn_symbol(unsigned char *symbol, int len)
400 for (i = 0; i < len - 1; i++)
401 token_profit[ symbol[i] + (symbol[i + 1] << 8) ]++;
404 /* decrease the count for all the possible tokens in a symbol */
405 static void forget_symbol(unsigned char *symbol, int len)
409 for (i = 0; i < len - 1; i++)
410 token_profit[ symbol[i] + (symbol[i + 1] << 8) ]--;
413 /* remove all the invalid symbols from the table and do the initial token count */
414 static void build_initial_tok_table(void)
419 for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++) {
420 if ( symbol_valid(&table[i]) ) {
422 table[pos] = table[i];
423 learn_symbol(table[pos].sym, table[pos].len);
430 static void *find_token(unsigned char *str, int len, unsigned char *token)
434 for (i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {
435 if (str[i] == token[0] && str[i+1] == token[1])
441 /* replace a given token in all the valid symbols. Use the sampled symbols
442 * to update the counts */
443 static void compress_symbols(unsigned char *str, int idx)
445 unsigned int i, len, size;
446 unsigned char *p1, *p2;
448 for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++) {
453 /* find the token on the symbol */
454 p2 = find_token(p1, len, str);
457 /* decrease the counts for this symbol's tokens */
458 forget_symbol(table[i].sym, len);
466 memmove(p2, p2 + 1, size);
472 /* find the token on the symbol */
473 p2 = find_token(p1, size, str);
479 /* increase the counts for this symbol's new tokens */
480 learn_symbol(table[i].sym, len);
484 /* search the token with the maximum profit */
485 static int find_best_token(void)
487 int i, best, bestprofit;
492 for (i = 0; i < 0x10000; i++) {
493 if (token_profit[i] > bestprofit) {
495 bestprofit = token_profit[i];
501 /* this is the core of the algorithm: calculate the "best" table */
502 static void optimize_result(void)
506 /* using the '\0' symbol last allows compress_symbols to use standard
507 * fast string functions */
508 for (i = 255; i >= 0; i--) {
510 /* if this table slot is empty (it is not used by an actual
511 * original char code */
512 if (!best_table_len[i]) {
514 /* find the token with the breates profit value */
515 best = find_best_token();
516 if (token_profit[best] == 0)
519 /* place it in the "best" table */
520 best_table_len[i] = 2;
521 best_table[i][0] = best & 0xFF;
522 best_table[i][1] = (best >> 8) & 0xFF;
524 /* replace this token in all the valid symbols */
525 compress_symbols(best_table[i], i);
530 /* start by placing the symbols that are actually used on the table */
531 static void insert_real_symbols_in_table(void)
533 unsigned int i, j, c;
535 memset(best_table, 0, sizeof(best_table));
536 memset(best_table_len, 0, sizeof(best_table_len));
538 for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++) {
539 for (j = 0; j < table[i].len; j++) {
547 static void optimize_token_table(void)
549 build_initial_tok_table();
551 insert_real_symbols_in_table();
553 /* When valid symbol is not registered, exit to error */
555 fprintf(stderr, "No valid symbol.\n");
562 /* guess for "linker script provide" symbol */
563 static int may_be_linker_script_provide_symbol(const struct sym_entry *se)
565 const char *symbol = (char *)se->sym + 1;
566 int len = se->len - 1;
571 if (symbol[0] != '_' || symbol[1] != '_')
575 if (!memcmp(symbol + 2, "start_", 6))
579 if (!memcmp(symbol + 2, "stop_", 5))
583 if (!memcmp(symbol + 2, "end_", 4))
587 if (!memcmp(symbol + len - 6, "_start", 6))
591 if (!memcmp(symbol + len - 4, "_end", 4))
597 static int prefix_underscores_count(const char *str)
599 const char *tail = str;
607 static int compare_symbols(const void *a, const void *b)
609 const struct sym_entry *sa;
610 const struct sym_entry *sb;
616 /* sort by address first */
617 if (sa->addr > sb->addr)
619 if (sa->addr < sb->addr)
622 /* sort by "weakness" type */
623 wa = (sa->sym[0] == 'w') || (sa->sym[0] == 'W');
624 wb = (sb->sym[0] == 'w') || (sb->sym[0] == 'W');
628 /* sort by "linker script provide" type */
629 wa = may_be_linker_script_provide_symbol(sa);
630 wb = may_be_linker_script_provide_symbol(sb);
634 /* sort by the number of prefix underscores */
635 wa = prefix_underscores_count((const char *)sa->sym + 1);
636 wb = prefix_underscores_count((const char *)sb->sym + 1);
640 /* sort by initial order, so that other symbols are left undisturbed */
641 return sa->start_pos - sb->start_pos;
644 static void sort_symbols(void)
646 qsort(table, table_cnt, sizeof(struct sym_entry), compare_symbols);
649 int main(int argc, char **argv)
653 for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
654 if(strcmp(argv[i], "--all-symbols") == 0)
656 else if (strncmp(argv[i], "--symbol-prefix=", 16) == 0) {
657 char *p = &argv[i][16];
659 if ((*p == '"' && *(p+2) == '"') || (*p == '\'' && *(p+2) == '\''))
661 symbol_prefix_char = *p;
662 } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "--page-offset=", 14) == 0) {
663 const char *p = &argv[i][14];
664 kernel_start_addr = strtoull(p, NULL, 16);
668 } else if (argc != 1)
673 optimize_token_table();