2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
25 #include "qemu-version.h"
26 #include "qapi/error.h"
27 #include "qapi-visit.h"
28 #include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
29 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
30 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
31 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
32 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
33 #include "qemu/option.h"
34 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
36 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
37 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
38 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
39 #include "block/block_int.h"
40 #include "block/blockjob.h"
41 #include "block/qapi.h"
42 #include "crypto/init.h"
43 #include "trace/control.h"
46 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION QEMU_PKGVERSION \
47 ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
49 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
51 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
56 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
58 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
60 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
61 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
64 typedef enum OutputFormat {
69 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
70 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
72 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
77 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
81 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
84 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
87 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
91 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
92 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
94 const char *help_msg =
96 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
97 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
99 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
100 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
101 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
102 " specify tracing options\n"
105 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
107 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
111 "Command parameters:\n"
112 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
113 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
114 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
115 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
116 " encryption keys.\n"
117 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
118 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
119 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
120 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
121 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
122 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
123 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
124 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
125 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
126 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
127 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
128 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
129 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
130 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
132 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
133 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
135 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
137 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
138 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
139 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
140 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
141 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
142 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
143 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
144 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
145 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
146 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
147 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
149 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
150 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
151 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
153 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
154 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
155 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
156 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
157 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
159 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
160 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
161 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
162 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
163 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
164 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
166 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
167 " '-f' first image format\n"
168 " '-F' second image format\n"
169 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n";
171 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
172 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
177 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
179 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
180 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
186 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
188 .implied_opt_name = "file",
189 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
195 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
201 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
208 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
210 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
211 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
212 Error *local_err = NULL;
214 /* Find driver and parse its options */
215 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
217 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
221 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
223 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
225 error_report_err(local_err);
226 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
229 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
232 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts);
233 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
238 static int img_open_password(BlockBackend *blk, const char *filename,
239 int flags, bool quiet)
241 BlockDriverState *bs;
245 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs) && bdrv_key_required(bs) &&
246 !(flags & BDRV_O_NO_IO)) {
247 qprintf(quiet, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
248 if (qemu_read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0) {
249 error_report("No password given");
252 if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
253 error_report("invalid password");
261 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
262 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
266 Error *local_err = NULL;
268 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
269 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
271 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
274 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
276 if (img_open_password(blk, optstr, flags, quiet) < 0) {
283 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
284 const char *fmt, int flags,
285 bool writethrough, bool quiet)
288 Error *local_err = NULL;
289 QDict *options = NULL;
292 options = qdict_new();
293 qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(fmt));
296 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
298 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
301 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
303 if (img_open_password(blk, filename, flags, quiet) < 0) {
311 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
312 const char *filename,
313 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
320 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
323 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
328 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet);
330 blk = img_open_file(filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
336 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
337 const char *base_filename,
338 const char *base_fmt)
343 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename, &err);
345 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
352 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err);
354 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
363 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
366 uint64_t img_size = -1;
367 const char *fmt = "raw";
368 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
369 const char *filename;
370 const char *base_filename = NULL;
371 char *options = NULL;
372 Error *local_err = NULL;
376 static const struct option long_options[] = {
377 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
378 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
381 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "F:b:f:he6o:q",
395 base_filename = optarg;
401 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
402 "encryption\' instead!");
405 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
406 "compat6\' instead!");
409 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
410 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
414 options = g_strdup(optarg);
416 char *old_options = options;
417 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
424 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
426 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
435 /* Get the filename */
436 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
437 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
439 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
442 if (optind >= argc) {
443 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
447 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
448 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
453 /* Get image size, if specified */
457 sval = qemu_strtosz_suffix(argv[optind++], &end,
458 QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
459 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
460 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
461 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
463 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
464 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
465 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
466 "petabytes and exabytes.");
470 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
472 if (optind != argc) {
473 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
476 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
477 options, img_size, 0, &local_err, quiet);
479 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
491 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
495 Visitor *v = qmp_output_visitor_new(&obj);
497 visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
498 visit_complete(v, &obj);
499 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
501 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
507 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
509 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
510 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
512 if (check->corruptions) {
513 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
514 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
521 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
522 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
526 if (check->check_errors) {
529 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
530 check->check_errors);
534 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
535 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
536 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
537 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
538 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
539 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
540 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
541 check->allocated_clusters);
544 if (check->image_end_offset) {
546 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
550 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
552 const char *filename,
557 BdrvCheckResult result;
559 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
564 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
565 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
566 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
567 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
568 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
569 check->leaks = result.leaks;
570 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
571 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
572 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
573 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
574 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
575 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
576 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
577 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
578 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
579 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
580 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
581 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
582 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
583 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
584 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
590 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
592 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
593 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
594 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
595 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
596 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
598 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
601 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
602 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
604 BlockDriverState *bs;
606 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
610 bool image_opts = false;
614 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
617 int option_index = 0;
618 static const struct option long_options[] = {
619 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
620 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
621 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
622 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
623 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
624 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
627 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:r:T:q",
628 long_options, &option_index);
641 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
643 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
644 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
645 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
646 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
648 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
649 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
661 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
663 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
669 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
674 if (optind != argc - 1) {
675 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
677 filename = argv[optind++];
679 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
680 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
681 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
682 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
684 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
688 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
689 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
694 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
696 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
700 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
706 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
707 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
709 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
710 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
715 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
716 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
718 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
719 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
721 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
723 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
724 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
725 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
726 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
728 check->corruptions_fixed);
731 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
733 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
734 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
738 switch (output_format) {
740 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
743 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
748 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
750 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
752 error_report("Check failed");
758 if (check->corruptions) {
760 } else if (check->leaks) {
767 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
772 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
773 BlockDriverState *bs;
775 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
777 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
779 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
782 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
786 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
788 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
791 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
792 qemu_progress_print(job->len ?
793 ((float)job->offset / job->len * 100.f) : 0.0f, 0);
794 } while (!job->ready);
796 block_job_complete_sync(job, errp);
798 /* A block job may finish instantaneously without publishing any progress,
799 * so just signal completion here */
800 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
803 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
806 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
808 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
809 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
811 Error *local_err = NULL;
812 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
813 bool image_opts = false;
816 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
819 static const struct option long_options[] = {
820 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
821 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
822 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
825 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:ht:b:dpq",
855 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
857 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
863 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
869 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
874 if (optind != argc - 1) {
875 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
877 filename = argv[optind++];
879 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
880 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
885 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
886 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
888 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
892 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
898 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
899 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
902 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
904 error_setg(&local_err, QERR_BASE_NOT_FOUND, base);
908 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
909 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
910 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
911 base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
913 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
918 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
923 commit_active_start(NULL, bs, base_bs, 0, BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT,
924 common_block_job_cb, &cbi, &local_err);
929 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
930 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
931 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
932 * counter here preemptively. */
937 run_block_job(bs->job, &local_err);
942 if (!drop && bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty) {
943 ret = bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty(bs);
945 error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "Could not empty %s",
962 error_report_err(local_err);
966 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
971 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
974 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
975 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
977 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
986 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
987 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
989 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
998 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
999 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1000 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1002 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1006 int num_checked, num_used;
1012 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1018 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1020 num_checked = num_used;
1023 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1025 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1027 num_checked += *pnum;
1029 num_used = num_checked;
1030 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1040 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
1041 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
1043 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1044 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
1046 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2, int n,
1057 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512);
1058 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1062 if (!!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512) != res) {
1071 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
1073 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors)
1075 return sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1078 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total, int64_t from)
1080 return MIN(total - from, IO_BUF_SIZE >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1084 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1086 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
1087 * data and negative value on error.
1089 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1090 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
1091 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
1092 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1093 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1094 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1096 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t sect_num,
1097 int sect_count, const char *filename,
1098 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1101 ret = blk_pread(blk, sect_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buffer,
1102 sect_count << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1104 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1105 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num), filename, strerror(-ret));
1108 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buffer, sect_count, &pnum);
1109 if (ret || pnum != sect_count) {
1110 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1111 sectors_to_bytes(ret ? sect_num : sect_num + pnum));
1119 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1121 * 0 - Images are identical
1123 * >1 - Error occurred
1125 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1127 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1128 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1129 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1130 int64_t total_sectors1, total_sectors2;
1131 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1133 int allocated1, allocated2;
1134 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1135 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1138 int64_t total_sectors;
1139 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1142 uint64_t progress_base;
1143 bool image_opts = false;
1145 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1147 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1148 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1149 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1150 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1153 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:F:T:pqs",
1154 long_options, NULL);
1181 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1183 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1190 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1196 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1202 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1203 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1205 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1206 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1208 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1209 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1215 /* Initialize before goto out */
1216 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1219 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1221 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1226 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet);
1232 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet);
1240 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1241 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1242 total_sectors1 = blk_nb_sectors(blk1);
1243 if (total_sectors1 < 0) {
1244 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1245 filename1, strerror(-total_sectors1));
1249 total_sectors2 = blk_nb_sectors(blk2);
1250 if (total_sectors2 < 0) {
1251 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1252 filename2, strerror(-total_sectors2));
1256 total_sectors = MIN(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1257 progress_base = MAX(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1259 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1261 if (strict && total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1263 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1268 int64_t status1, status2;
1269 BlockDriverState *file;
1271 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors, sector_num);
1272 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1275 status1 = bdrv_get_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, sector_num,
1276 total_sectors1 - sector_num,
1280 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1283 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1285 status2 = bdrv_get_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, sector_num,
1286 total_sectors2 - sector_num,
1290 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1293 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1295 nb_sectors = MIN(nb_sectors, pnum1);
1298 nb_sectors = MIN(nb_sectors, pnum2);
1302 if ((status1 & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK) !=
1303 (status2 & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK)) {
1305 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1306 " block status mismatch!\n",
1307 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num));
1311 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1312 nb_sectors = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1313 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1315 ret = blk_pread(blk1, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf1,
1316 nb_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1318 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s:"
1319 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), filename1,
1324 ret = blk_pread(blk2, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf2,
1325 nb_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1327 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1328 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1329 filename2, strerror(-ret));
1333 ret = compare_sectors(buf1, buf2, nb_sectors, &pnum);
1334 if (ret || pnum != nb_sectors) {
1335 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1337 ret ? sector_num : sector_num + pnum));
1345 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1346 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1348 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1349 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1353 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 ": %s",
1354 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), strerror(-ret));
1360 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1361 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1364 if (total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1365 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1366 int64_t total_sectors_over;
1367 const char *filename_over;
1369 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1370 if (total_sectors1 > total_sectors2) {
1371 total_sectors_over = total_sectors1;
1373 filename_over = filename1;
1375 total_sectors_over = total_sectors2;
1377 filename_over = filename2;
1381 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over, sector_num);
1382 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1385 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, sector_num,
1389 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1396 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1397 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1400 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1401 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1402 filename_over, strerror(-ret));
1408 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1409 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1413 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1423 qemu_progress_end();
1428 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1434 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1436 int64_t *src_sectors;
1437 int src_cur, src_num;
1438 int64_t src_cur_offset;
1439 int64_t total_sectors;
1440 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1441 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1442 int64_t sector_next_status;
1443 BlockBackend *target;
1446 bool target_has_backing;
1448 size_t cluster_sectors;
1452 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1454 assert(sector_num >= s->src_cur_offset);
1455 while (sector_num - s->src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[s->src_cur]) {
1456 s->src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[s->src_cur];
1458 assert(s->src_cur < s->src_num);
1462 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1467 convert_select_part(s, sector_num);
1469 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1470 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1472 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1473 BlockDriverState *file;
1474 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[s->src_cur]),
1475 sector_num - s->src_cur_offset,
1481 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1482 s->status = BLK_ZERO;
1483 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1484 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1485 } else if (!s->target_has_backing) {
1486 /* Without a target backing file we must copy over the contents of
1487 * the backing file as well. */
1488 /* Check block status of the backing file chain to avoid
1489 * needlessly reading zeroes and limiting the iteration to the
1491 ret = bdrv_get_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[s->src_cur]), NULL,
1492 sector_num - s->src_cur_offset,
1498 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1499 s->status = BLK_ZERO;
1501 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1504 s->status = BLK_BACKING_FILE;
1507 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1510 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1511 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1512 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1515 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1516 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1517 * cluster allocated. */
1518 if (s->compressed) {
1519 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1520 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1521 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1523 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1530 static int convert_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors,
1536 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1537 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1541 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1542 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1543 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1544 convert_select_part(s, sector_num);
1545 blk = s->src[s->src_cur];
1546 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[s->src_cur];
1548 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - s->src_cur_offset));
1549 ret = blk_pread(blk,
1550 (sector_num - s->src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1551 buf, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1558 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1564 static int convert_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors,
1569 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1572 switch (s->status) {
1573 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1574 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1575 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1576 * visible at the respective offset. */
1577 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1581 /* We must always write compressed clusters as a whole, so don't
1582 * try to find zeroed parts in the buffer. We can only save the
1583 * write if the buffer is completely zeroed and we're allowed to
1584 * keep the target sparse. */
1585 if (s->compressed) {
1586 if (s->has_zero_init && s->min_sparse &&
1587 buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE))
1589 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1593 ret = blk_write_compressed(s->target, sector_num, buf, n);
1600 /* If there is real non-zero data or we're told to keep the target
1601 * fully allocated (-S 0), we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1602 * it as zero sectors. */
1603 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1604 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse))
1606 ret = blk_pwrite(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1607 buf, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
1616 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1619 ret = blk_pwrite_zeroes(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1620 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
1629 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1635 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
1637 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1638 int64_t sector_num, allocated_done;
1642 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
1643 s->has_zero_init = s->min_sparse && !s->target_has_backing
1644 ? bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target))
1647 if (!s->has_zero_init && !s->target_has_backing &&
1648 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s->target)))
1650 ret = blk_make_zero(s->target, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1652 s->has_zero_init = true;
1656 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
1657 * can be copied at a time. */
1658 if (s->compressed) {
1659 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
1660 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1664 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
1666 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1668 /* Calculate allocated sectors for progress */
1669 s->allocated_sectors = 0;
1671 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
1672 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
1677 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
1679 s->allocated_sectors += n;
1686 s->src_cur_offset = 0;
1687 s->sector_next_status = 0;
1692 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
1693 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
1698 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
1700 allocated_done += n;
1701 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * allocated_done / s->allocated_sectors,
1705 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1706 ret = convert_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1708 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
1709 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1712 } else if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1713 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1714 memset(buf, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1715 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1718 ret = convert_write(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1720 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1721 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1728 if (s->compressed) {
1729 /* signal EOF to align */
1730 ret = blk_write_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
1742 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1744 int c, bs_n, bs_i, compress, cluster_sectors, skip_create;
1746 int progress = 0, flags, src_flags;
1747 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
1748 const char *fmt, *out_fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_baseimg, *out_filename;
1749 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
1750 BlockBackend **blk = NULL, *out_blk = NULL;
1751 BlockDriverState **bs = NULL, *out_bs = NULL;
1752 int64_t total_sectors;
1753 int64_t *bs_sectors = NULL;
1754 size_t bufsectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1755 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1756 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
1757 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
1758 const char *out_baseimg_param;
1759 char *options = NULL;
1760 const char *snapshot_name = NULL;
1761 int min_sparse = 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1763 Error *local_err = NULL;
1764 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
1765 ImgConvertState state;
1766 bool image_opts = false;
1771 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1776 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1777 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1778 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1779 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1782 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:B:ce6o:s:l:S:pt:T:qn",
1783 long_options, NULL);
1799 out_baseimg = optarg;
1805 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1806 "encryption\' instead!");
1810 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1811 "compat6\' instead!");
1815 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
1816 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
1821 options = g_strdup(optarg);
1823 char *old_options = options;
1824 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
1825 g_free(old_options);
1829 snapshot_name = optarg;
1832 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
1833 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
1836 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
1842 snapshot_name = optarg;
1849 sval = qemu_strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
1850 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
1851 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
1856 min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1875 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1881 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1887 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1888 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1893 /* Initialize before goto out */
1897 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
1899 bs_n = argc - optind - 1;
1900 out_filename = bs_n >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
1902 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
1903 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
1908 error_exit("Must specify image file name");
1912 if (bs_n > 1 && out_baseimg) {
1913 error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
1920 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
1922 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
1926 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1928 blk = g_new0(BlockBackend *, bs_n);
1929 bs = g_new0(BlockDriverState *, bs_n);
1930 bs_sectors = g_new(int64_t, bs_n);
1933 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1934 blk[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
1935 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, quiet);
1940 bs[bs_i] = blk_bs(blk[bs_i]);
1941 bs_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(blk[bs_i]);
1942 if (bs_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
1943 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
1944 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-bs_sectors[bs_i]));
1948 total_sectors += bs_sectors[bs_i];
1952 ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs[0],
1953 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
1954 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
1956 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
1958 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
1963 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs[0], snapshot_name, &local_err);
1966 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
1971 /* Find driver and parse its options */
1972 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
1974 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
1979 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
1981 error_report_err(local_err);
1987 if (!drv->create_opts) {
1988 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
1994 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
1995 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
1996 proto_drv->format_name);
2001 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2002 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2004 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2006 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
2008 error_report_err(local_err);
2014 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, total_sectors * 512,
2016 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2022 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2023 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2024 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2025 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2028 /* Check if compression is supported */
2031 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2032 const char *preallocation =
2033 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2035 if (!drv->bdrv_write_compressed) {
2036 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2042 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2049 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2051 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2059 /* Create the new image */
2060 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2062 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2063 out_filename, out_fmt);
2068 flags = min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2069 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2071 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2075 /* XXX we should allow --image-opts to trigger use of
2076 * img_open() here, but then we have trouble with
2077 * the bdrv_create() call which takes different params.
2078 * Not critical right now, so fix can wait...
2080 out_blk = img_open_file(out_filename, out_fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
2085 out_bs = blk_bs(out_blk);
2087 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2088 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
2090 bufsectors = MIN(32768,
2092 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2093 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2094 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2097 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(out_blk);
2098 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2099 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2100 strerror(-output_sectors));
2103 } else if (output_sectors < total_sectors) {
2104 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2110 cluster_sectors = 0;
2111 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2114 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2118 compress = compress || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2119 cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2122 state = (ImgConvertState) {
2124 .src_sectors = bs_sectors,
2126 .total_sectors = total_sectors,
2128 .compressed = compress,
2129 .target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg,
2130 .min_sparse = min_sparse,
2131 .cluster_sectors = cluster_sectors,
2132 .buf_sectors = bufsectors,
2134 ret = convert_do_copy(&state);
2138 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2140 qemu_progress_end();
2141 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2142 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2143 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2147 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
2148 blk_unref(blk[bs_i]);
2163 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2165 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2168 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2171 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2172 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
2174 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2176 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
2182 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2186 Visitor *v = qmp_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2188 visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
2189 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2190 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2191 assert(str != NULL);
2192 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2193 qobject_decref(obj);
2198 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2202 Visitor *v = qmp_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2204 visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
2205 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2206 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2207 assert(str != NULL);
2208 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2209 qobject_decref(obj);
2214 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2216 ImageInfoList *elem;
2219 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2225 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
2229 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2231 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2235 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2237 * @filename: topmost image filename
2238 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2239 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2240 * false - only topmost image file
2242 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2243 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2246 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2247 const char *filename,
2251 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2252 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
2253 GHashTable *filenames;
2256 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2260 BlockDriverState *bs;
2262 ImageInfoList *elem;
2264 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2265 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2269 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2271 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2272 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false);
2278 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2280 error_report_err(err);
2285 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2292 filename = fmt = NULL;
2294 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2295 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2296 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2297 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2298 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2299 info->backing_filename);
2302 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2303 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2307 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2311 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2312 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2316 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2319 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2321 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2322 ImageInfoList *list;
2323 bool image_opts = false;
2328 int option_index = 0;
2329 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2330 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2331 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2332 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2333 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2334 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2335 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2338 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2339 long_options, &option_index);
2354 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2357 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2359 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2365 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2370 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2371 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2373 filename = argv[optind++];
2375 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2376 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2377 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2378 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2379 } else if (output) {
2380 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2384 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2385 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2390 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain);
2395 switch (output_format) {
2397 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2401 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2403 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2408 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2412 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2415 switch (output_format) {
2417 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
2418 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2421 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
2422 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2423 e->start, e->length,
2424 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
2425 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
2427 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2428 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2430 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
2436 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
2437 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2438 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2439 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2440 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
2441 e->data ? "true" : "false");
2442 if (e->has_offset) {
2443 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2454 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
2455 int nb_sectors, MapEntry *e)
2459 BlockDriverState *file;
2462 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2463 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2469 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, &nb_sectors,
2475 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2478 bs = backing_bs(bs);
2487 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
2490 .start = sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2491 .length = nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2492 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
2493 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
2494 .offset = ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK,
2495 .has_offset = has_offset,
2497 .has_filename = file && has_offset,
2498 .filename = file && has_offset ? file->filename : NULL,
2504 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
2506 if (curr->length == 0) {
2509 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
2510 curr->data != next->data ||
2511 curr->depth != next->depth ||
2512 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
2513 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
2516 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
2519 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
2525 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2528 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2530 BlockDriverState *bs;
2531 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2533 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2535 bool image_opts = false;
2540 int option_index = 0;
2541 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2542 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2543 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2544 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2545 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2546 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2549 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2550 long_options, &option_index);
2565 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2567 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2573 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2578 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2579 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2581 filename = argv[optind];
2583 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2584 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2585 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2586 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2587 } else if (output) {
2588 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2592 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2593 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2598 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false);
2604 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2605 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2608 length = blk_getlength(blk);
2609 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2610 int64_t nsectors_left;
2614 sector_num = (curr.start + curr.length) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
2616 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2617 nsectors_left = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) - sector_num;
2618 n = MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), nsectors_left);
2619 ret = get_block_status(bs, sector_num, n, &next);
2622 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2626 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
2627 curr.length += next.length;
2631 if (curr.length > 0) {
2632 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2637 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2644 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2645 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2646 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2647 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2649 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2652 BlockDriverState *bs;
2653 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2654 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2655 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2660 bool image_opts = false;
2662 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
2663 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2665 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2666 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2667 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2668 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2671 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "la:c:d:hq",
2672 long_options, NULL);
2683 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2686 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2687 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2691 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2694 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2695 snapshot_name = optarg;
2699 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2702 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2703 snapshot_name = optarg;
2707 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2710 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2711 snapshot_name = optarg;
2716 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2718 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2724 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2730 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2731 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2733 filename = argv[optind++];
2735 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2736 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2741 /* Open the image */
2742 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet);
2748 /* Perform the requested action */
2754 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
2755 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
2756 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
2758 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
2759 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
2760 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
2762 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
2764 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2765 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2769 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
2770 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
2772 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2773 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2777 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
2778 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
2780 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
2795 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
2797 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
2798 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
2799 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
2800 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2802 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
2803 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
2804 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
2808 Error *local_err = NULL;
2809 bool image_opts = false;
2811 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2813 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2814 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2818 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2819 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2820 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2821 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2824 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:F:b:upt:T:q",
2825 long_options, NULL);
2838 out_basefmt = optarg;
2841 out_baseimg = optarg;
2858 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2860 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2866 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2876 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2877 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2879 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
2880 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
2882 filename = argv[optind++];
2884 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2885 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2890 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
2891 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2893 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
2894 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2896 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2901 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2903 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2907 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
2908 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
2909 (void) src_writethrough;
2914 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
2915 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
2917 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
2924 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
2925 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
2926 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
2932 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
2934 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
2935 QDict *options = NULL;
2937 if (bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
2938 options = qdict_new();
2939 qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(bs->backing_format));
2942 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
2943 blk_old_backing = blk_new_open(backing_name, NULL,
2944 options, src_flags, &local_err);
2945 if (!blk_old_backing) {
2946 error_reportf_err(local_err,
2947 "Could not open old backing file '%s': ",
2952 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
2954 options = qdict_new();
2955 qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(out_basefmt));
2960 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_baseimg, NULL,
2961 options, src_flags, &local_err);
2962 if (!blk_new_backing) {
2963 error_reportf_err(local_err,
2964 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
2972 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
2973 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
2974 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
2975 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
2977 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
2978 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
2981 int64_t num_sectors;
2982 int64_t old_backing_num_sectors;
2983 int64_t new_backing_num_sectors = 0;
2986 float local_progress = 0;
2988 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2989 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2991 num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk);
2992 if (num_sectors < 0) {
2993 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2994 filename, strerror(-num_sectors));
2998 old_backing_num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk_old_backing);
2999 if (old_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
3000 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3002 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3003 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3004 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_num_sectors));
3008 if (blk_new_backing) {
3009 new_backing_num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk_new_backing);
3010 if (new_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
3011 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3012 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_num_sectors));
3018 if (num_sectors != 0) {
3019 local_progress = (float)100 /
3020 (num_sectors / MIN(num_sectors, IO_BUF_SIZE / 512));
3023 for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
3025 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
3026 if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512) <= num_sectors) {
3027 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
3029 n = num_sectors - sector;
3032 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3033 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector, n, &n);
3035 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3044 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3045 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3047 if (sector >= old_backing_num_sectors) {
3048 memset(buf_old, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
3050 if (sector + n > old_backing_num_sectors) {
3051 n = old_backing_num_sectors - sector;
3054 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3055 buf_old, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
3057 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3062 if (sector >= new_backing_num_sectors || !blk_new_backing) {
3063 memset(buf_new, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
3065 if (sector + n > new_backing_num_sectors) {
3066 n = new_backing_num_sectors - sector;
3069 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3070 buf_new, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
3072 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3077 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3078 uint64_t written = 0;
3080 while (written < n) {
3083 if (compare_sectors(buf_old + written * 512,
3084 buf_new + written * 512, n - written, &pnum))
3086 ret = blk_pwrite(blk,
3087 (sector + written) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3088 buf_old + written * 512,
3089 pnum << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
3091 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3099 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3104 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3105 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3106 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3108 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3109 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
3111 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
3114 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3115 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3116 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3117 } else if (ret < 0) {
3118 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3119 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3122 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3124 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3125 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3126 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3127 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3130 qemu_progress_end();
3133 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3134 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3136 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3137 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3146 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3149 int c, ret, relative;
3150 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3151 int64_t n, total_size;
3153 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3156 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3157 .name = "resize_options",
3158 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3161 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3162 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3163 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3169 bool image_opts = false;
3171 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3172 * as options by getopt. */
3174 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3178 size = argv[--argc];
3180 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3183 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3184 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3185 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3186 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3189 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:hq",
3190 long_options, NULL);
3205 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3207 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3213 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3218 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3219 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3221 filename = argv[optind++];
3223 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3224 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3229 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3245 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3246 qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err);
3248 error_report_err(err);
3250 qemu_opts_del(param);
3253 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3254 qemu_opts_del(param);
3256 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3257 BDRV_O_RDWR, false, quiet);
3264 total_size = blk_getlength(blk) + n * relative;
3268 if (total_size <= 0) {
3269 error_report("New image size must be positive");
3274 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size);
3277 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
3280 error_report("This image does not support resize");
3283 error_report("Image is read-only");
3286 error_report("Error resizing image (%d)", -ret);
3297 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
3298 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
3301 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
3304 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
3308 char *options = NULL;
3309 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
3310 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
3311 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
3314 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
3315 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3316 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3317 bool image_opts = false;
3319 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3321 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3322 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3323 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3324 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3327 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ho:f:t:pq",
3328 long_options, NULL);
3339 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
3340 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
3342 goto out_no_progress;
3345 options = g_strdup(optarg);
3347 char *old_options = options;
3348 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
3349 g_free(old_options);
3365 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3369 goto out_no_progress;
3372 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3379 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
3382 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3383 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3386 goto out_no_progress;
3392 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
3394 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
3395 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
3396 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
3397 * given), print option help here */
3398 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3402 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3403 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
3408 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3409 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3411 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3415 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
3422 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
3424 if (has_help_option(options)) {
3425 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
3426 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3430 if (!bs->drv->create_opts) {
3431 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support any options to amend",
3437 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
3438 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3440 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err);
3442 error_report_err(err);
3448 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
3449 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
3450 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL);
3451 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
3453 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
3458 qemu_progress_end();
3462 qemu_opts_del(opts);
3463 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
3472 typedef struct BenchData {
3474 uint64_t image_size;
3481 bool drain_on_flush;
3490 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3493 error_report("Failed flush request: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
3498 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3500 BenchData *b = opaque;
3504 error_report("Failed request: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
3509 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
3510 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
3511 b->in_flush = false;
3512 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
3513 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
3518 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
3519 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
3520 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
3521 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
3523 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3527 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
3530 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
3532 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
3536 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3542 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
3544 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, b->offset, b->qiov, 0,
3547 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, b->offset, b->qiov, 0,
3551 error_report("Failed to issue request");
3555 b->offset += b->step;
3556 b->offset %= b->image_size;
3560 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
3563 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
3565 bool image_opts = false;
3566 bool is_write = false;
3570 size_t bufsize = 4096;
3573 int flush_interval = 0;
3574 bool drain_on_flush = true;
3576 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3577 BenchData data = {};
3579 bool writethrough = false;
3580 struct timeval t1, t2;
3584 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3585 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3586 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
3587 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3588 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
3589 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
3592 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hc:d:f:no:qs:S:t:w", long_options, NULL);
3606 count = strtoul(optarg, &end, 0);
3607 if (errno || *end || count > INT_MAX) {
3608 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
3617 depth = strtoul(optarg, &end, 0);
3618 if (errno || *end || depth > INT_MAX) {
3619 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
3628 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
3634 offset = qemu_strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end,
3635 QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
3636 if (offset < 0|| *end) {
3637 error_report("Invalid offset specified");
3651 sval = qemu_strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
3652 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX || *end) {
3653 error_report("Invalid buffer size specified");
3665 sval = qemu_strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
3666 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX || *end) {
3667 error_report("Invalid step size specified");
3675 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
3677 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
3683 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
3686 case OPTION_PATTERN:
3690 pattern = strtoul(optarg, &end, 0);
3691 if (errno || *end || pattern > 0xff) {
3692 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
3697 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
3701 flush_interval = strtoul(optarg, &end, 0);
3702 if (errno || *end || flush_interval > INT_MAX) {
3703 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
3708 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
3709 drain_on_flush = false;
3711 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3717 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3718 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3720 filename = argv[argc - 1];
3722 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
3723 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
3727 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
3728 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
3733 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
3739 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3740 if (image_size < 0) {
3745 data = (BenchData) {
3747 .image_size = image_size,
3749 .step = step ?: bufsize,
3754 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
3755 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
3757 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
3758 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
3759 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
3760 data.offset, data.step);
3761 if (flush_interval) {
3762 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
3765 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
3766 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
3768 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
3769 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
3770 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
3771 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
3772 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
3775 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
3778 while (data.n > 0) {
3779 main_loop_wait(false);
3781 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
3783 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
3784 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
3785 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
3788 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
3798 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
3799 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
3800 { option, callback },
3801 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
3807 int main(int argc, char **argv)
3809 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
3810 const char *cmdname;
3811 Error *local_error = NULL;
3812 char *trace_file = NULL;
3814 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3815 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3816 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
3817 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
3822 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
3825 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
3826 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
3828 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
3829 error_report_err(local_error);
3833 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
3835 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
3838 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3841 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
3842 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
3843 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
3845 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
3851 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
3855 trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
3860 cmdname = argv[optind];
3862 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
3870 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
3873 trace_init_file(trace_file);
3874 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
3876 /* find the command */
3877 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
3878 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
3879 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
3884 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);