2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qemu-common.h"
25 #include "qemu-option.h"
27 #include "block_int.h"
34 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
36 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
39 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-tcg. */
40 #define BDRV_O_FLAGS BDRV_O_CACHE_WB
42 static void error(const char *fmt, ...)
46 fprintf(stderr, "qemu-img: ");
47 vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
48 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
52 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
57 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
58 static void help(void)
60 const char *help_msg =
61 "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
62 "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
63 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
66 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
68 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
72 "Command parameters:\n"
73 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
74 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
75 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
76 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M)\n"
77 " and T (terabyte, 1024G) are supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
78 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
79 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
80 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
81 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
83 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
84 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
85 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
86 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
87 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
89 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
90 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
91 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
92 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
93 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
94 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n";
96 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
97 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
103 /* XXX: put correct support for win32 */
104 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
107 printf("Password: ");
114 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
125 static struct termios oldtty;
127 static void term_exit(void)
129 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &oldtty);
132 static void term_init(void)
139 tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
140 |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
141 tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
142 tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN);
143 tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB);
148 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &tty);
153 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
158 printf("password: ");
163 ret = read(0, &ch, 1);
165 if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) {
171 } else if (ret == 0) {
179 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
190 static BlockDriverState *bdrv_new_open(const char *filename,
194 BlockDriverState *bs;
200 error("Not enough memory");
204 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
206 error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
212 if (bdrv_open(bs, filename, flags, drv) < 0) {
213 error("Could not open '%s'", filename);
216 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs)) {
217 printf("Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
218 if (read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0) {
219 error("No password given");
222 if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
223 error("invalid password");
235 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QEMUOptionParameter *list,
236 int flags, const char *base_filename, const char *base_fmt)
238 if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_ENCRYPT) {
239 if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, "on")) {
240 error("Encryption not supported for file format '%s'", fmt);
244 if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_COMPAT6) {
245 if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT6, "on")) {
246 error("VMDK version 6 not supported for file format '%s'", fmt);
252 if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename)) {
253 error("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'", fmt);
258 if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt)) {
259 error("Backing file format not supported for file format '%s'", fmt);
266 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
268 int c, ret = 0, flags;
269 const char *fmt = "raw";
270 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
271 const char *filename;
272 const char *base_filename = NULL;
273 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
274 QEMUOptionParameter *param = NULL, *create_options = NULL;
275 char *options = NULL;
279 c = getopt(argc, argv, "F:b:f:he6o:");
290 base_filename = optarg;
296 flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_ENCRYPT;
299 flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_COMPAT6;
307 /* Get the filename */
310 filename = argv[optind++];
312 /* Find driver and parse its options */
313 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
315 error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
319 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename);
321 error("Unknown protocol '%s'", filename);
325 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
326 drv->create_options);
327 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
328 proto_drv->create_options);
330 if (options && !strcmp(options, "?")) {
331 print_option_help(create_options);
335 /* Create parameter list with default values */
336 param = parse_option_parameters("", create_options, param);
337 set_option_parameter_int(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, -1);
339 /* Parse -o options */
341 param = parse_option_parameters(options, create_options, param);
343 error("Invalid options for file format '%s'.", fmt);
349 /* Add size to parameters */
351 set_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, argv[optind++]);
354 /* Add old-style options to parameters */
355 ret = add_old_style_options(fmt, param, flags, base_filename, base_fmt);
360 // The size for the image must always be specified, with one exception:
361 // If we are using a backing file, we can obtain the size from there
362 if (get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE)->value.n == -1) {
364 QEMUOptionParameter *backing_file =
365 get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
366 QEMUOptionParameter *backing_fmt =
367 get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT);
369 if (backing_file && backing_file->value.s) {
370 BlockDriverState *bs;
372 const char *fmt = NULL;
375 if (backing_fmt && backing_fmt->value.s) {
376 if (bdrv_find_format(backing_fmt->value.s)) {
377 fmt = backing_fmt->value.s;
379 error("Unknown backing file format '%s'",
380 backing_fmt->value.s);
386 bs = bdrv_new_open(backing_file->value.s, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS);
391 bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &size);
395 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%" PRId64, size);
396 set_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, buf);
398 error("Image creation needs a size parameter");
404 printf("Formatting '%s', fmt=%s ", filename, fmt);
405 print_option_parameters(param);
408 ret = bdrv_create(drv, filename, param);
409 free_option_parameters(create_options);
410 free_option_parameters(param);
413 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
414 error("Formatting or formatting option not supported for file format '%s'", fmt);
415 } else if (ret == -EFBIG) {
416 error("The image size is too large for file format '%s'", fmt);
418 error("%s: error while creating %s: %s", filename, fmt, strerror(-ret));
428 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
431 const char *filename, *fmt;
432 BlockDriverState *bs;
436 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:h");
450 filename = argv[optind++];
452 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS);
456 ret = bdrv_check(bs);
459 printf("No errors were found on the image.\n");
462 error("This image format does not support checks");
466 error("An error occurred during the check");
468 printf("%d errors were found on the image.\n", ret);
480 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
483 const char *filename, *fmt;
484 BlockDriverState *bs;
488 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:h");
502 filename = argv[optind++];
504 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR);
508 ret = bdrv_commit(bs);
511 printf("Image committed.\n");
514 error("No disk inserted");
517 error("Image is read-only");
520 error("Image is already committed");
523 error("Error while committing image");
534 static int is_not_zero(const uint8_t *sector, int len)
538 for(i = 0;i < len; i++) {
539 if (((uint32_t *)sector)[i] != 0)
546 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
549 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
550 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
552 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
560 v = is_not_zero(buf, 512);
561 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
563 if (v != is_not_zero(buf, 512))
571 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
572 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
574 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
575 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
577 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2, int n,
587 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512);
588 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
592 if (!!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512) != res) {
601 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
603 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
605 int c, ret = 0, n, n1, bs_n, bs_i, flags, cluster_size, cluster_sectors;
606 const char *fmt, *out_fmt, *out_baseimg, *out_filename;
607 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
608 BlockDriverState **bs = NULL, *out_bs = NULL;
609 int64_t total_sectors, nb_sectors, sector_num, bs_offset;
611 uint8_t * buf = NULL;
614 QEMUOptionParameter *param = NULL, *create_options = NULL;
615 char *options = NULL;
622 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:O:B:hce6o:");
636 out_baseimg = optarg;
639 flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_COMPRESS;
642 flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_ENCRYPT;
645 flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_COMPAT6;
653 bs_n = argc - optind - 1;
654 if (bs_n < 1) help();
656 out_filename = argv[argc - 1];
658 if (bs_n > 1 && out_baseimg) {
659 error("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input images");
663 bs = calloc(bs_n, sizeof(BlockDriverState *));
665 error("Out of memory");
670 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
671 bs[bs_i] = bdrv_new_open(argv[optind + bs_i], fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS);
673 error("Could not open '%s'", argv[optind + bs_i]);
677 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
678 total_sectors += bs_sectors;
681 /* Find driver and parse its options */
682 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
684 error("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
689 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename);
691 error("Unknown protocol '%s'", out_filename);
696 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
697 drv->create_options);
698 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
699 proto_drv->create_options);
700 if (options && !strcmp(options, "?")) {
701 print_option_help(create_options);
706 param = parse_option_parameters(options, create_options, param);
708 error("Invalid options for file format '%s'.", out_fmt);
713 param = parse_option_parameters("", create_options, param);
716 set_option_parameter_int(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, total_sectors * 512);
717 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, param, flags, out_baseimg, NULL);
722 /* Check if compression is supported */
723 if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_COMPRESS) {
724 QEMUOptionParameter *encryption =
725 get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT);
727 if (!drv->bdrv_write_compressed) {
728 error("Compression not supported for this file format");
733 if (encryption && encryption->value.n) {
734 error("Compression and encryption not supported at the same time");
740 /* Create the new image */
741 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, param);
743 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
744 error("Formatting not supported for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
745 } else if (ret == -EFBIG) {
746 error("The image size is too large for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
748 error("%s: error while converting %s: %s", out_filename, out_fmt, strerror(-ret));
753 out_bs = bdrv_new_open(out_filename, out_fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR);
761 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[0], &bs_sectors);
762 buf = qemu_malloc(IO_BUF_SIZE);
764 if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_COMPRESS) {
765 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
767 error("could not get block driver info");
770 cluster_size = bdi.cluster_size;
771 if (cluster_size <= 0 || cluster_size > IO_BUF_SIZE) {
772 error("invalid cluster size");
776 cluster_sectors = cluster_size >> 9;
783 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
786 if (nb_sectors >= cluster_sectors)
791 bs_num = sector_num - bs_offset;
792 assert (bs_num >= 0);
795 while (remainder > 0) {
797 while (bs_num == bs_sectors) {
799 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
800 bs_offset += bs_sectors;
801 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
803 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", "
804 "bs_i=%d, bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64
805 "\n", sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
807 assert (bs_num < bs_sectors);
809 nlow = (remainder > bs_sectors - bs_num) ? bs_sectors - bs_num : remainder;
811 ret = bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], bs_num, buf2, nlow);
813 error("error while reading");
822 assert (remainder == 0);
824 if (n < cluster_sectors)
825 memset(buf + n * 512, 0, cluster_size - n * 512);
826 if (is_not_zero(buf, cluster_size)) {
827 ret = bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, sector_num, buf,
830 error("error while compressing sector %" PRId64,
837 /* signal EOF to align */
838 bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, 0, NULL, 0);
840 int has_zero_init = bdrv_has_zero_init(out_bs);
842 sector_num = 0; // total number of sectors converted so far
844 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
847 if (nb_sectors >= (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512))
848 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
852 while (sector_num - bs_offset >= bs_sectors) {
854 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
855 bs_offset += bs_sectors;
856 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
857 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", bs_i=%d, "
858 "bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64 "\n",
859 sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
862 if (n > bs_offset + bs_sectors - sector_num)
863 n = bs_offset + bs_sectors - sector_num;
866 /* If the output image is being created as a copy on write image,
867 assume that sectors which are unallocated in the input image
868 are present in both the output's and input's base images (no
869 need to copy them). */
871 if (!bdrv_is_allocated(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset,
876 /* The next 'n1' sectors are allocated in the input image. Copy
877 only those as they may be followed by unallocated sectors. */
884 ret = bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset, buf, n);
886 error("error while reading");
889 /* NOTE: at the same time we convert, we do not write zero
890 sectors to have a chance to compress the image. Ideally, we
891 should add a specific call to have the info to go faster */
894 /* If the output image is being created as a copy on write image,
895 copy all sectors even the ones containing only NUL bytes,
896 because they may differ from the sectors in the base image.
898 If the output is to a host device, we also write out
899 sectors that are entirely 0, since whatever data was
900 already there is garbage, not 0s. */
901 if (!has_zero_init || out_baseimg ||
902 is_allocated_sectors(buf1, n, &n1)) {
903 ret = bdrv_write(out_bs, sector_num, buf1, n1);
905 error("error while writing");
916 free_option_parameters(create_options);
917 free_option_parameters(param);
922 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
924 bdrv_delete(bs[bs_i]);
935 static int64_t get_allocated_file_size(const char *filename)
937 typedef DWORD (WINAPI * get_compressed_t)(const char *filename, DWORD *high);
938 get_compressed_t get_compressed;
941 /* WinNT support GetCompressedFileSize to determine allocate size */
942 get_compressed = (get_compressed_t) GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("kernel32"), "GetCompressedFileSizeA");
943 if (get_compressed) {
945 low = get_compressed(filename, &high);
946 if (low != 0xFFFFFFFFlu || GetLastError() == NO_ERROR)
947 return (((int64_t) high) << 32) + low;
950 if (_stati64(filename, &st) < 0)
955 static int64_t get_allocated_file_size(const char *filename)
958 if (stat(filename, &st) < 0)
960 return (int64_t)st.st_blocks * 512;
964 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
966 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
970 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
973 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
974 printf("%s\n", bdrv_snapshot_dump(buf, sizeof(buf), NULL));
975 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
977 printf("%s\n", bdrv_snapshot_dump(buf, sizeof(buf), sn));
982 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
985 const char *filename, *fmt;
986 BlockDriverState *bs;
987 char fmt_name[128], size_buf[128], dsize_buf[128];
988 uint64_t total_sectors;
989 int64_t allocated_size;
990 char backing_filename[1024];
991 char backing_filename2[1024];
996 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:h");
1010 filename = argv[optind++];
1012 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING);
1016 bdrv_get_format(bs, fmt_name, sizeof(fmt_name));
1017 bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &total_sectors);
1018 get_human_readable_size(size_buf, sizeof(size_buf), total_sectors * 512);
1019 allocated_size = get_allocated_file_size(filename);
1020 if (allocated_size < 0)
1021 snprintf(dsize_buf, sizeof(dsize_buf), "unavailable");
1023 get_human_readable_size(dsize_buf, sizeof(dsize_buf),
1025 printf("image: %s\n"
1027 "virtual size: %s (%" PRId64 " bytes)\n"
1029 filename, fmt_name, size_buf,
1030 (total_sectors * 512),
1032 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs))
1033 printf("encrypted: yes\n");
1034 if (bdrv_get_info(bs, &bdi) >= 0) {
1035 if (bdi.cluster_size != 0)
1036 printf("cluster_size: %d\n", bdi.cluster_size);
1038 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_filename, sizeof(backing_filename));
1039 if (backing_filename[0] != '\0') {
1040 path_combine(backing_filename2, sizeof(backing_filename2),
1041 filename, backing_filename);
1042 printf("backing file: %s (actual path: %s)\n",
1051 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
1052 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
1053 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
1054 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
1056 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
1058 BlockDriverState *bs;
1059 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
1060 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
1061 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
1065 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
1066 /* Parse commandline parameters */
1068 c = getopt(argc, argv, "la:c:d:h");
1080 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
1081 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
1088 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
1089 snapshot_name = optarg;
1096 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
1097 snapshot_name = optarg;
1104 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
1105 snapshot_name = optarg;
1112 filename = argv[optind++];
1114 /* Open the image */
1115 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags);
1120 /* Perform the requested action */
1126 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
1127 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
1128 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
1130 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
1131 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
1132 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
1134 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
1136 error("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
1137 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
1140 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
1141 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
1143 error("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
1144 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
1147 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
1148 ret = bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, snapshot_name);
1150 error("Could not delete snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
1151 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
1163 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
1165 BlockDriverState *bs, *bs_old_backing = NULL, *bs_new_backing = NULL;
1166 BlockDriver *old_backing_drv, *new_backing_drv;
1168 const char *fmt, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
1172 /* Parse commandline parameters */
1178 c = getopt(argc, argv, "uhf:F:b:");
1189 out_basefmt = optarg;
1192 out_baseimg = optarg;
1200 if ((optind >= argc) || !out_baseimg)
1202 filename = argv[optind++];
1207 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
1208 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
1210 flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
1211 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, flags);
1216 /* Find the right drivers for the backing files */
1217 old_backing_drv = NULL;
1218 new_backing_drv = NULL;
1220 if (!unsafe && bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
1221 old_backing_drv = bdrv_find_format(bs->backing_format);
1222 if (old_backing_drv == NULL) {
1223 error("Invalid format name: '%s'", bs->backing_format);
1229 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
1230 new_backing_drv = bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt);
1231 if (new_backing_drv == NULL) {
1232 error("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
1238 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
1240 /* Make the compiler happy */
1241 bs_old_backing = NULL;
1242 bs_new_backing = NULL;
1244 char backing_name[1024];
1246 bs_old_backing = bdrv_new("old_backing");
1247 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
1248 ret = bdrv_open(bs_old_backing, backing_name, BDRV_O_FLAGS,
1251 error("Could not open old backing file '%s'", backing_name);
1255 bs_new_backing = bdrv_new("new_backing");
1256 ret = bdrv_open(bs_new_backing, out_baseimg, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR,
1259 error("Could not open new backing file '%s'", out_baseimg);
1265 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
1266 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
1267 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
1268 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
1270 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
1271 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
1274 uint64_t num_sectors;
1280 buf_old = qemu_malloc(IO_BUF_SIZE);
1281 buf_new = qemu_malloc(IO_BUF_SIZE);
1283 bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &num_sectors);
1285 for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
1287 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
1288 if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512) <= num_sectors) {
1289 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
1291 n = num_sectors - sector;
1294 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
1295 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector, n, &n);
1300 /* Read old and new backing file */
1301 ret = bdrv_read(bs_old_backing, sector, buf_old, n);
1303 error("error while reading from old backing file");
1306 ret = bdrv_read(bs_new_backing, sector, buf_new, n);
1308 error("error while reading from new backing file");
1312 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
1313 uint64_t written = 0;
1315 while (written < n) {
1318 if (compare_sectors(buf_old + written * 512,
1319 buf_new + written * 512, n - written, &pnum))
1321 ret = bdrv_write(bs, sector + written,
1322 buf_old + written * 512, pnum);
1324 error("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
1339 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
1340 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
1341 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
1343 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
1344 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
1345 error("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No space left in "
1346 "the file header", out_baseimg);
1347 } else if (ret < 0) {
1348 error("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
1349 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
1353 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
1354 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
1355 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
1356 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
1361 bdrv_delete(bs_old_backing);
1362 bdrv_delete(bs_new_backing);
1372 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
1374 int c, ret, relative;
1375 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
1376 int64_t n, total_size;
1377 BlockDriverState *bs;
1378 QEMUOptionParameter *param;
1379 QEMUOptionParameter resize_options[] = {
1381 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
1383 .help = "Virtual disk size"
1390 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:h");
1403 if (optind + 1 >= argc) {
1406 filename = argv[optind++];
1407 size = argv[optind++];
1409 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
1425 param = parse_option_parameters("", resize_options, NULL);
1426 if (set_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size)) {
1427 /* Error message already printed when size parsing fails */
1430 n = get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE)->value.n;
1431 free_option_parameters(param);
1433 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR);
1439 total_size = bdrv_getlength(bs) + n * relative;
1443 if (total_size <= 0) {
1444 error("New image size must be positive");
1449 ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, total_size);
1452 printf("Image resized.\n");
1455 error("This image format does not support resize");
1458 error("Image is read-only");
1461 error("Error resizing image (%d)", -ret);
1472 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
1473 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
1474 { option, callback },
1475 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
1481 int main(int argc, char **argv)
1483 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
1484 const char *cmdname;
1492 /* find the command */
1493 for(cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
1494 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
1495 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);