2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
25 #include "qemu-version.h"
26 #include "qapi/error.h"
27 #include "qapi-visit.h"
28 #include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
29 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
30 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
31 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
32 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
33 #include "qemu/option.h"
34 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
36 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
37 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
38 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
39 #include "block/block_int.h"
40 #include "block/blockjob.h"
41 #include "block/qapi.h"
42 #include "crypto/init.h"
43 #include "trace/control.h"
46 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION QEMU_PKGVERSION \
47 ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
49 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
51 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
56 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
58 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
60 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
61 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
64 typedef enum OutputFormat {
69 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
70 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
72 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
77 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
81 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
84 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
87 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
91 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
92 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
94 const char *help_msg =
96 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
97 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
99 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
100 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
101 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
102 " specify tracing options\n"
105 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
107 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
111 "Command parameters:\n"
112 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
113 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
114 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
115 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
116 " encryption keys.\n"
117 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
118 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
119 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
120 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
121 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
122 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
123 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
124 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
125 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
126 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
127 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
128 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
129 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
130 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
132 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
133 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
135 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
137 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
138 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
139 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
140 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
141 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
142 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
143 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
144 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
145 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
146 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
147 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
149 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
150 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
151 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
153 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
154 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
155 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
156 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
157 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
159 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
160 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
161 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
162 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
163 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
164 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
166 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
167 " '-f' first image format\n"
168 " '-F' second image format\n"
169 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n";
171 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
172 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
177 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
179 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
180 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
186 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
188 .implied_opt_name = "file",
189 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
195 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
201 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
208 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
210 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
211 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
212 Error *local_err = NULL;
214 /* Find driver and parse its options */
215 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
217 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
221 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
223 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
225 error_report_err(local_err);
226 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
229 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
232 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts);
233 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
238 static int img_open_password(BlockBackend *blk, const char *filename,
239 int flags, bool quiet)
241 BlockDriverState *bs;
245 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs) && bdrv_key_required(bs) &&
246 !(flags & BDRV_O_NO_IO)) {
247 qprintf(quiet, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
248 if (qemu_read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0) {
249 error_report("No password given");
252 if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
253 error_report("invalid password");
261 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
262 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
266 Error *local_err = NULL;
268 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
269 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
271 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
274 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
276 if (img_open_password(blk, optstr, flags, quiet) < 0) {
283 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
284 const char *fmt, int flags,
285 bool writethrough, bool quiet)
288 Error *local_err = NULL;
289 QDict *options = NULL;
292 options = qdict_new();
293 qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(fmt));
296 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
298 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
301 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
303 if (img_open_password(blk, filename, flags, quiet) < 0) {
311 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
312 const char *filename,
313 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
320 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
323 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
328 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet);
330 blk = img_open_file(filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
336 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
337 const char *base_filename,
338 const char *base_fmt)
343 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename, &err);
345 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
352 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err);
354 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
363 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
366 uint64_t img_size = -1;
367 const char *fmt = "raw";
368 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
369 const char *filename;
370 const char *base_filename = NULL;
371 char *options = NULL;
372 Error *local_err = NULL;
376 static const struct option long_options[] = {
377 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
378 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
381 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "F:b:f:he6o:q",
395 base_filename = optarg;
401 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
402 "encryption\' instead!");
405 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
406 "compat6\' instead!");
409 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
410 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
414 options = g_strdup(optarg);
416 char *old_options = options;
417 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
424 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
426 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
435 /* Get the filename */
436 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
437 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
439 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
442 if (optind >= argc) {
443 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
447 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
448 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
453 /* Get image size, if specified */
457 sval = qemu_strtosz_suffix(argv[optind++], &end,
458 QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
459 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
460 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
461 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
463 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
464 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
465 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
466 "petabytes and exabytes.");
470 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
472 if (optind != argc) {
473 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
476 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
477 options, img_size, 0, &local_err, quiet);
479 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
491 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
493 Error *local_err = NULL;
495 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
497 visit_type_ImageCheck(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov), NULL, &check,
499 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
500 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
502 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
504 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
508 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
510 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
511 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
513 if (check->corruptions) {
514 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
515 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
522 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
523 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
527 if (check->check_errors) {
530 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
531 check->check_errors);
535 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
536 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
537 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
538 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
539 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
540 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
541 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
542 check->allocated_clusters);
545 if (check->image_end_offset) {
547 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
551 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
553 const char *filename,
558 BdrvCheckResult result;
560 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
565 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
566 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
567 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
568 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
569 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
570 check->leaks = result.leaks;
571 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
572 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
573 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
574 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
575 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
576 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
577 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
578 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
579 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
580 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
581 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
582 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
583 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
584 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
585 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
591 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
593 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
594 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
595 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
596 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
597 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
599 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
602 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
603 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
605 BlockDriverState *bs;
607 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
611 bool image_opts = false;
615 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
618 int option_index = 0;
619 static const struct option long_options[] = {
620 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
621 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
622 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
623 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
624 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
625 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
628 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:r:T:q",
629 long_options, &option_index);
642 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
644 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
645 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
646 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
647 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
649 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
650 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
662 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
664 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
670 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
675 if (optind != argc - 1) {
676 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
678 filename = argv[optind++];
680 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
681 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
682 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
683 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
685 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
689 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
690 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
695 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
697 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
701 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
707 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
708 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
710 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
711 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
716 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
717 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
719 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
720 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
722 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
724 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
725 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
726 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
727 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
729 check->corruptions_fixed);
732 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
734 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
735 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
739 switch (output_format) {
741 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
744 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
749 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
751 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
753 error_report("Check failed");
759 if (check->corruptions) {
761 } else if (check->leaks) {
768 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
773 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
774 BlockDriverState *bs;
776 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
778 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
780 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
783 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
787 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
789 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
792 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
793 qemu_progress_print(job->len ?
794 ((float)job->offset / job->len * 100.f) : 0.0f, 0);
795 } while (!job->ready);
797 block_job_complete_sync(job, errp);
799 /* A block job may finish instantaneously without publishing any progress,
800 * so just signal completion here */
801 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
804 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
807 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
809 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
810 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
812 Error *local_err = NULL;
813 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
814 bool image_opts = false;
817 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
820 static const struct option long_options[] = {
821 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
822 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
823 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
826 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:ht:b:dpq",
856 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
858 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
864 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
870 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
875 if (optind != argc - 1) {
876 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
878 filename = argv[optind++];
880 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
881 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
886 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
887 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
889 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
893 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
899 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
900 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
903 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
905 error_setg(&local_err, QERR_BASE_NOT_FOUND, base);
909 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
910 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
911 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
912 base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
914 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
919 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
924 commit_active_start(bs, base_bs, 0, BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT,
925 common_block_job_cb, &cbi, &local_err);
930 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
931 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
932 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
933 * counter here preemptively. */
938 run_block_job(bs->job, &local_err);
943 if (!drop && bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty) {
944 ret = bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty(bs);
946 error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "Could not empty %s",
963 error_report_err(local_err);
967 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
972 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
975 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
976 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
978 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
987 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
988 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
990 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
999 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
1000 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1001 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1003 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1007 int num_checked, num_used;
1013 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1019 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1021 num_checked = num_used;
1024 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1026 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1028 num_checked += *pnum;
1030 num_used = num_checked;
1031 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1041 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
1042 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
1044 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1045 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
1047 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2, int n,
1058 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512);
1059 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1063 if (!!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512) != res) {
1072 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
1074 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors)
1076 return sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1079 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total, int64_t from)
1081 return MIN(total - from, IO_BUF_SIZE >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1085 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1087 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
1088 * data and negative value on error.
1090 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1091 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
1092 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
1093 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1094 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1095 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1097 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t sect_num,
1098 int sect_count, const char *filename,
1099 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1102 ret = blk_pread(blk, sect_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buffer,
1103 sect_count << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1105 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1106 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num), filename, strerror(-ret));
1109 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buffer, sect_count, &pnum);
1110 if (ret || pnum != sect_count) {
1111 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1112 sectors_to_bytes(ret ? sect_num : sect_num + pnum));
1120 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1122 * 0 - Images are identical
1124 * >1 - Error occurred
1126 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1128 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1129 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1130 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1131 int64_t total_sectors1, total_sectors2;
1132 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1134 int allocated1, allocated2;
1135 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1136 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1139 int64_t total_sectors;
1140 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1143 uint64_t progress_base;
1144 bool image_opts = false;
1146 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1148 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1149 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1150 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1151 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1154 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:F:T:pqs",
1155 long_options, NULL);
1182 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1184 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1191 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1197 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1203 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1204 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1206 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1207 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1209 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1210 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1216 /* Initialize before goto out */
1217 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1220 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1222 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1227 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet);
1233 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet);
1241 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1242 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1243 total_sectors1 = blk_nb_sectors(blk1);
1244 if (total_sectors1 < 0) {
1245 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1246 filename1, strerror(-total_sectors1));
1250 total_sectors2 = blk_nb_sectors(blk2);
1251 if (total_sectors2 < 0) {
1252 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1253 filename2, strerror(-total_sectors2));
1257 total_sectors = MIN(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1258 progress_base = MAX(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1260 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1262 if (strict && total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1264 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1269 int64_t status1, status2;
1270 BlockDriverState *file;
1272 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors, sector_num);
1273 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1276 status1 = bdrv_get_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, sector_num,
1277 total_sectors1 - sector_num,
1281 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1284 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1286 status2 = bdrv_get_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, sector_num,
1287 total_sectors2 - sector_num,
1291 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1294 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1296 nb_sectors = MIN(nb_sectors, pnum1);
1299 nb_sectors = MIN(nb_sectors, pnum2);
1303 if ((status1 & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK) !=
1304 (status2 & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK)) {
1306 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1307 " block status mismatch!\n",
1308 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num));
1312 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1313 nb_sectors = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1314 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1316 ret = blk_pread(blk1, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf1,
1317 nb_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1319 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s:"
1320 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), filename1,
1325 ret = blk_pread(blk2, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf2,
1326 nb_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1328 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1329 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1330 filename2, strerror(-ret));
1334 ret = compare_sectors(buf1, buf2, nb_sectors, &pnum);
1335 if (ret || pnum != nb_sectors) {
1336 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1338 ret ? sector_num : sector_num + pnum));
1346 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1347 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1349 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1350 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1354 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 ": %s",
1355 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), strerror(-ret));
1361 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1362 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1365 if (total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1366 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1367 int64_t total_sectors_over;
1368 const char *filename_over;
1370 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1371 if (total_sectors1 > total_sectors2) {
1372 total_sectors_over = total_sectors1;
1374 filename_over = filename1;
1376 total_sectors_over = total_sectors2;
1378 filename_over = filename2;
1382 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over, sector_num);
1383 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1386 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, sector_num,
1390 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1397 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1398 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1401 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1402 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1403 filename_over, strerror(-ret));
1409 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1410 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1414 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1424 qemu_progress_end();
1429 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1435 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1437 int64_t *src_sectors;
1438 int src_cur, src_num;
1439 int64_t src_cur_offset;
1440 int64_t total_sectors;
1441 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1442 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1443 int64_t sector_next_status;
1444 BlockBackend *target;
1447 bool target_has_backing;
1449 size_t cluster_sectors;
1453 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1455 assert(sector_num >= s->src_cur_offset);
1456 while (sector_num - s->src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[s->src_cur]) {
1457 s->src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[s->src_cur];
1459 assert(s->src_cur < s->src_num);
1463 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1468 convert_select_part(s, sector_num);
1470 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1471 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1473 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1474 BlockDriverState *file;
1475 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[s->src_cur]),
1476 sector_num - s->src_cur_offset,
1482 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1483 s->status = BLK_ZERO;
1484 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1485 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1486 } else if (!s->target_has_backing) {
1487 /* Without a target backing file we must copy over the contents of
1488 * the backing file as well. */
1489 /* Check block status of the backing file chain to avoid
1490 * needlessly reading zeroes and limiting the iteration to the
1492 ret = bdrv_get_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[s->src_cur]), NULL,
1493 sector_num - s->src_cur_offset,
1499 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1500 s->status = BLK_ZERO;
1502 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1505 s->status = BLK_BACKING_FILE;
1508 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1511 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1512 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1513 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1516 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1517 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1518 * cluster allocated. */
1519 if (s->compressed) {
1520 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1521 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1522 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1524 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1531 static int convert_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors,
1537 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1538 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1542 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1543 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1544 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1545 convert_select_part(s, sector_num);
1546 blk = s->src[s->src_cur];
1547 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[s->src_cur];
1549 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - s->src_cur_offset));
1550 ret = blk_pread(blk,
1551 (sector_num - s->src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1552 buf, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1559 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1565 static int convert_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors,
1570 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1573 switch (s->status) {
1574 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1575 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1576 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1577 * visible at the respective offset. */
1578 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1582 /* We must always write compressed clusters as a whole, so don't
1583 * try to find zeroed parts in the buffer. We can only save the
1584 * write if the buffer is completely zeroed and we're allowed to
1585 * keep the target sparse. */
1586 if (s->compressed) {
1587 if (s->has_zero_init && s->min_sparse &&
1588 buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE))
1590 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1594 ret = blk_write_compressed(s->target, sector_num, buf, n);
1601 /* If there is real non-zero data or we're told to keep the target
1602 * fully allocated (-S 0), we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1603 * it as zero sectors. */
1604 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1605 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse))
1607 ret = blk_pwrite(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1608 buf, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
1617 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1620 ret = blk_pwrite_zeroes(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1621 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
1630 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1636 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
1638 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1639 int64_t sector_num, allocated_done;
1643 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
1644 s->has_zero_init = s->min_sparse && !s->target_has_backing
1645 ? bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target))
1648 if (!s->has_zero_init && !s->target_has_backing &&
1649 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s->target)))
1651 ret = blk_make_zero(s->target, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1653 s->has_zero_init = true;
1657 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
1658 * can be copied at a time. */
1659 if (s->compressed) {
1660 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
1661 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1665 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
1667 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1669 /* Calculate allocated sectors for progress */
1670 s->allocated_sectors = 0;
1672 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
1673 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
1678 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
1680 s->allocated_sectors += n;
1687 s->src_cur_offset = 0;
1688 s->sector_next_status = 0;
1693 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
1694 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
1699 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
1701 allocated_done += n;
1702 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * allocated_done / s->allocated_sectors,
1706 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1707 ret = convert_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1709 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
1710 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1713 } else if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1714 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1715 memset(buf, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1716 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1719 ret = convert_write(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1721 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1722 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1729 if (s->compressed) {
1730 /* signal EOF to align */
1731 ret = blk_write_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
1743 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1745 int c, bs_n, bs_i, compress, cluster_sectors, skip_create;
1747 int progress = 0, flags, src_flags;
1748 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
1749 const char *fmt, *out_fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_baseimg, *out_filename;
1750 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
1751 BlockBackend **blk = NULL, *out_blk = NULL;
1752 BlockDriverState **bs = NULL, *out_bs = NULL;
1753 int64_t total_sectors;
1754 int64_t *bs_sectors = NULL;
1755 size_t bufsectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1756 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1757 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
1758 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
1759 const char *out_baseimg_param;
1760 char *options = NULL;
1761 const char *snapshot_name = NULL;
1762 int min_sparse = 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1764 Error *local_err = NULL;
1765 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
1766 ImgConvertState state;
1767 bool image_opts = false;
1772 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1777 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1778 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1779 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1780 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1783 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:B:ce6o:s:l:S:pt:T:qn",
1784 long_options, NULL);
1800 out_baseimg = optarg;
1806 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1807 "encryption\' instead!");
1811 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1812 "compat6\' instead!");
1816 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
1817 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
1822 options = g_strdup(optarg);
1824 char *old_options = options;
1825 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
1826 g_free(old_options);
1830 snapshot_name = optarg;
1833 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
1834 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
1837 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
1843 snapshot_name = optarg;
1850 sval = qemu_strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
1851 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
1852 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
1857 min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1876 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1882 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1888 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1889 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1894 /* Initialize before goto out */
1898 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
1900 bs_n = argc - optind - 1;
1901 out_filename = bs_n >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
1903 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
1904 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
1909 error_exit("Must specify image file name");
1913 if (bs_n > 1 && out_baseimg) {
1914 error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
1921 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
1923 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
1927 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1929 blk = g_new0(BlockBackend *, bs_n);
1930 bs = g_new0(BlockDriverState *, bs_n);
1931 bs_sectors = g_new(int64_t, bs_n);
1934 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1935 blk[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
1936 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, quiet);
1941 bs[bs_i] = blk_bs(blk[bs_i]);
1942 bs_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(blk[bs_i]);
1943 if (bs_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
1944 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
1945 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-bs_sectors[bs_i]));
1949 total_sectors += bs_sectors[bs_i];
1953 ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs[0],
1954 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
1955 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
1957 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
1959 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
1964 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs[0], snapshot_name, &local_err);
1967 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
1972 /* Find driver and parse its options */
1973 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
1975 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
1980 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
1982 error_report_err(local_err);
1988 if (!drv->create_opts) {
1989 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
1995 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
1996 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
1997 proto_drv->format_name);
2002 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2003 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2005 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2007 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
2009 error_report_err(local_err);
2015 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, total_sectors * 512,
2017 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2023 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2024 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2025 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2026 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2029 /* Check if compression is supported */
2032 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2033 const char *preallocation =
2034 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2036 if (!drv->bdrv_write_compressed) {
2037 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2043 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2050 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2052 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2060 /* Create the new image */
2061 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2063 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2064 out_filename, out_fmt);
2069 flags = min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2070 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2072 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2076 /* XXX we should allow --image-opts to trigger use of
2077 * img_open() here, but then we have trouble with
2078 * the bdrv_create() call which takes different params.
2079 * Not critical right now, so fix can wait...
2081 out_blk = img_open_file(out_filename, out_fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
2086 out_bs = blk_bs(out_blk);
2088 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2089 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
2091 bufsectors = MIN(32768,
2093 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2094 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2095 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2098 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(out_blk);
2099 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2100 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2101 strerror(-output_sectors));
2104 } else if (output_sectors < total_sectors) {
2105 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2111 cluster_sectors = 0;
2112 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2115 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2119 compress = compress || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2120 cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2123 state = (ImgConvertState) {
2125 .src_sectors = bs_sectors,
2127 .total_sectors = total_sectors,
2129 .compressed = compress,
2130 .target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg,
2131 .min_sparse = min_sparse,
2132 .cluster_sectors = cluster_sectors,
2133 .buf_sectors = bufsectors,
2135 ret = convert_do_copy(&state);
2139 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2141 qemu_progress_end();
2142 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2143 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2144 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2148 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
2149 blk_unref(blk[bs_i]);
2164 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2166 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2169 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2172 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2173 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
2175 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2177 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
2183 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2185 Error *local_err = NULL;
2187 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
2189 visit_type_ImageInfoList(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov), NULL, &list,
2191 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
2192 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2193 assert(str != NULL);
2194 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2195 qobject_decref(obj);
2196 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
2200 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2202 Error *local_err = NULL;
2204 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
2206 visit_type_ImageInfo(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov), NULL, &info, &local_err);
2207 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
2208 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2209 assert(str != NULL);
2210 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2211 qobject_decref(obj);
2212 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
2216 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2218 ImageInfoList *elem;
2221 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2227 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
2231 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2233 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2237 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2239 * @filename: topmost image filename
2240 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2241 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2242 * false - only topmost image file
2244 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2245 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2248 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2249 const char *filename,
2253 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2254 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
2255 GHashTable *filenames;
2258 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2262 BlockDriverState *bs;
2264 ImageInfoList *elem;
2266 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2267 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2271 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2273 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2274 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false);
2280 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2282 error_report_err(err);
2287 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2294 filename = fmt = NULL;
2296 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2297 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2298 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2299 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2300 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2301 info->backing_filename);
2304 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2305 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2309 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2313 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2314 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2318 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2321 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2323 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2324 ImageInfoList *list;
2325 bool image_opts = false;
2330 int option_index = 0;
2331 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2332 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2333 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2334 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2335 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2336 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2337 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2340 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2341 long_options, &option_index);
2356 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2359 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2361 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2367 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2372 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2373 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2375 filename = argv[optind++];
2377 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2378 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2379 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2380 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2381 } else if (output) {
2382 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2386 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2387 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2392 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain);
2397 switch (output_format) {
2399 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2403 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2405 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2410 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2414 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2417 switch (output_format) {
2419 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
2420 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2423 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
2424 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2425 e->start, e->length,
2426 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
2427 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
2429 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2430 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2432 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
2438 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
2439 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2440 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2441 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2442 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
2443 e->data ? "true" : "false");
2444 if (e->has_offset) {
2445 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2456 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
2457 int nb_sectors, MapEntry *e)
2461 BlockDriverState *file;
2464 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2465 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2471 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, &nb_sectors,
2477 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2480 bs = backing_bs(bs);
2489 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
2492 .start = sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2493 .length = nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2494 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
2495 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
2496 .offset = ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK,
2497 .has_offset = has_offset,
2499 .has_filename = file && has_offset,
2500 .filename = file && has_offset ? file->filename : NULL,
2506 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
2508 if (curr->length == 0) {
2511 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
2512 curr->data != next->data ||
2513 curr->depth != next->depth ||
2514 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
2515 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
2518 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
2521 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
2527 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2530 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2532 BlockDriverState *bs;
2533 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2535 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2537 bool image_opts = false;
2542 int option_index = 0;
2543 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2544 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2545 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2546 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2547 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2548 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2551 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2552 long_options, &option_index);
2567 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2569 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2575 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2580 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2581 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2583 filename = argv[optind];
2585 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2586 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2587 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2588 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2589 } else if (output) {
2590 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2594 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2595 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2600 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false);
2606 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2607 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2610 length = blk_getlength(blk);
2611 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2612 int64_t nsectors_left;
2616 sector_num = (curr.start + curr.length) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
2618 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2619 nsectors_left = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) - sector_num;
2620 n = MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), nsectors_left);
2621 ret = get_block_status(bs, sector_num, n, &next);
2624 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2628 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
2629 curr.length += next.length;
2633 if (curr.length > 0) {
2634 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2639 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2646 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2647 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2648 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2649 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2651 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2654 BlockDriverState *bs;
2655 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2656 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2657 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2662 bool image_opts = false;
2664 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
2665 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2667 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2668 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2669 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2670 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2673 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "la:c:d:hq",
2674 long_options, NULL);
2685 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2688 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2689 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2693 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2696 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2697 snapshot_name = optarg;
2701 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2704 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2705 snapshot_name = optarg;
2709 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2712 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2713 snapshot_name = optarg;
2718 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2720 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2726 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2732 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2733 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2735 filename = argv[optind++];
2737 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2738 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2743 /* Open the image */
2744 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet);
2750 /* Perform the requested action */
2756 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
2757 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
2758 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
2760 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
2761 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
2762 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
2764 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
2766 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2767 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2771 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
2772 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
2774 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2775 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2779 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
2780 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
2782 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
2797 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
2799 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
2800 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
2801 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
2802 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2804 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
2805 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
2806 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
2810 Error *local_err = NULL;
2811 bool image_opts = false;
2813 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2815 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2816 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2820 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2821 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2822 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2823 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2826 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:F:b:upt:T:q",
2827 long_options, NULL);
2840 out_basefmt = optarg;
2843 out_baseimg = optarg;
2860 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2862 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2868 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2878 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2879 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2881 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
2882 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
2884 filename = argv[optind++];
2886 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2887 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2892 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
2893 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2895 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
2896 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2898 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2903 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2905 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2909 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
2910 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
2911 (void) src_writethrough;
2916 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
2917 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
2919 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
2926 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
2927 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
2928 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
2934 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
2936 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
2937 QDict *options = NULL;
2939 if (bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
2940 options = qdict_new();
2941 qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(bs->backing_format));
2944 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
2945 blk_old_backing = blk_new_open(backing_name, NULL,
2946 options, src_flags, &local_err);
2947 if (!blk_old_backing) {
2948 error_reportf_err(local_err,
2949 "Could not open old backing file '%s': ",
2954 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
2956 options = qdict_new();
2957 qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(out_basefmt));
2962 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_baseimg, NULL,
2963 options, src_flags, &local_err);
2964 if (!blk_new_backing) {
2965 error_reportf_err(local_err,
2966 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
2974 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
2975 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
2976 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
2977 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
2979 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
2980 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
2983 int64_t num_sectors;
2984 int64_t old_backing_num_sectors;
2985 int64_t new_backing_num_sectors = 0;
2988 float local_progress = 0;
2990 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2991 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2993 num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk);
2994 if (num_sectors < 0) {
2995 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2996 filename, strerror(-num_sectors));
3000 old_backing_num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk_old_backing);
3001 if (old_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
3002 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3004 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3005 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3006 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_num_sectors));
3010 if (blk_new_backing) {
3011 new_backing_num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk_new_backing);
3012 if (new_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
3013 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3014 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_num_sectors));
3020 if (num_sectors != 0) {
3021 local_progress = (float)100 /
3022 (num_sectors / MIN(num_sectors, IO_BUF_SIZE / 512));
3025 for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
3027 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
3028 if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512) <= num_sectors) {
3029 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
3031 n = num_sectors - sector;
3034 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3035 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector, n, &n);
3037 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3046 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3047 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3049 if (sector >= old_backing_num_sectors) {
3050 memset(buf_old, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
3052 if (sector + n > old_backing_num_sectors) {
3053 n = old_backing_num_sectors - sector;
3056 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3057 buf_old, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
3059 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3064 if (sector >= new_backing_num_sectors || !blk_new_backing) {
3065 memset(buf_new, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
3067 if (sector + n > new_backing_num_sectors) {
3068 n = new_backing_num_sectors - sector;
3071 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3072 buf_new, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
3074 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3079 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3080 uint64_t written = 0;
3082 while (written < n) {
3085 if (compare_sectors(buf_old + written * 512,
3086 buf_new + written * 512, n - written, &pnum))
3088 ret = blk_pwrite(blk,
3089 (sector + written) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3090 buf_old + written * 512,
3091 pnum << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
3093 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3101 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3106 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3107 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3108 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3110 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3111 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
3113 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
3116 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3117 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3118 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3119 } else if (ret < 0) {
3120 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3121 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3124 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3126 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3127 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3128 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3129 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3132 qemu_progress_end();
3135 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3136 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3138 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3139 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3148 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3151 int c, ret, relative;
3152 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3153 int64_t n, total_size;
3155 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3158 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3159 .name = "resize_options",
3160 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3163 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3164 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3165 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3171 bool image_opts = false;
3173 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3174 * as options by getopt. */
3176 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3180 size = argv[--argc];
3182 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3185 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3186 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3187 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3188 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3191 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:hq",
3192 long_options, NULL);
3207 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3209 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3215 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3220 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3221 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3223 filename = argv[optind++];
3225 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3226 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3231 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3247 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3248 qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err);
3250 error_report_err(err);
3252 qemu_opts_del(param);
3255 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3256 qemu_opts_del(param);
3258 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3259 BDRV_O_RDWR, false, quiet);
3266 total_size = blk_getlength(blk) + n * relative;
3270 if (total_size <= 0) {
3271 error_report("New image size must be positive");
3276 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size);
3279 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
3282 error_report("This image does not support resize");
3285 error_report("Image is read-only");
3288 error_report("Error resizing image (%d)", -ret);
3299 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
3300 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
3303 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
3306 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
3310 char *options = NULL;
3311 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
3312 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
3313 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
3316 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
3317 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3318 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3319 bool image_opts = false;
3321 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3323 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3324 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3325 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3326 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3329 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ho:f:t:pq",
3330 long_options, NULL);
3341 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
3342 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
3344 goto out_no_progress;
3347 options = g_strdup(optarg);
3349 char *old_options = options;
3350 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
3351 g_free(old_options);
3367 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3371 goto out_no_progress;
3374 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3381 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
3384 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3385 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3388 goto out_no_progress;
3394 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
3396 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
3397 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
3398 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
3399 * given), print option help here */
3400 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3404 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3405 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
3410 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3411 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3413 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3417 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
3424 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
3426 if (has_help_option(options)) {
3427 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
3428 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3432 if (!bs->drv->create_opts) {
3433 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support any options to amend",
3439 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
3440 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3442 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err);
3444 error_report_err(err);
3450 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
3451 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
3452 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL);
3453 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
3455 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
3460 qemu_progress_end();
3464 qemu_opts_del(opts);
3465 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
3474 typedef struct BenchData {
3476 uint64_t image_size;
3483 bool drain_on_flush;
3492 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3495 error_report("Failed flush request: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
3500 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3502 BenchData *b = opaque;
3506 error_report("Failed request: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
3511 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
3512 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
3513 b->in_flush = false;
3514 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
3515 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
3520 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
3521 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
3522 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
3523 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
3525 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3529 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
3532 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
3534 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
3538 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3544 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
3546 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, b->offset, b->qiov, 0,
3549 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, b->offset, b->qiov, 0,
3553 error_report("Failed to issue request");
3557 b->offset += b->step;
3558 b->offset %= b->image_size;
3562 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
3565 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
3567 bool image_opts = false;
3568 bool is_write = false;
3572 size_t bufsize = 4096;
3575 int flush_interval = 0;
3576 bool drain_on_flush = true;
3578 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3579 BenchData data = {};
3581 bool writethrough = false;
3582 struct timeval t1, t2;
3586 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3587 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3588 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
3589 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3590 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
3591 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
3594 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hc:d:f:no:qs:S:t:w", long_options, NULL);
3608 count = strtoul(optarg, &end, 0);
3609 if (errno || *end || count > INT_MAX) {
3610 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
3619 depth = strtoul(optarg, &end, 0);
3620 if (errno || *end || depth > INT_MAX) {
3621 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
3630 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
3636 offset = qemu_strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end,
3637 QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
3638 if (offset < 0|| *end) {
3639 error_report("Invalid offset specified");
3653 sval = qemu_strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
3654 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX || *end) {
3655 error_report("Invalid buffer size specified");
3667 sval = qemu_strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
3668 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX || *end) {
3669 error_report("Invalid step size specified");
3677 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
3679 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
3685 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
3688 case OPTION_PATTERN:
3692 pattern = strtoul(optarg, &end, 0);
3693 if (errno || *end || pattern > 0xff) {
3694 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
3699 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
3703 flush_interval = strtoul(optarg, &end, 0);
3704 if (errno || *end || flush_interval > INT_MAX) {
3705 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
3710 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
3711 drain_on_flush = false;
3713 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3719 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3720 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3722 filename = argv[argc - 1];
3724 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
3725 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
3729 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
3730 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
3735 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
3741 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3742 if (image_size < 0) {
3747 data = (BenchData) {
3749 .image_size = image_size,
3751 .step = step ?: bufsize,
3756 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
3757 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
3759 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
3760 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
3761 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
3762 data.offset, data.step);
3763 if (flush_interval) {
3764 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
3767 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
3768 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
3770 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
3771 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
3772 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
3773 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
3774 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
3777 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
3780 while (data.n > 0) {
3781 main_loop_wait(false);
3783 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
3785 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
3786 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
3787 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
3790 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
3800 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
3801 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
3802 { option, callback },
3803 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
3809 int main(int argc, char **argv)
3811 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
3812 const char *cmdname;
3813 Error *local_error = NULL;
3814 char *trace_file = NULL;
3816 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3817 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3818 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
3819 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
3824 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
3827 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
3828 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
3830 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
3831 error_report_err(local_error);
3835 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
3837 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
3840 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3843 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
3844 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
3845 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
3847 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
3853 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
3857 trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
3862 cmdname = argv[optind];
3864 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
3872 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
3875 trace_init_file(trace_file);
3876 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
3878 /* find the command */
3879 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
3880 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
3881 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
3886 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);