pixman/pixman-image.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright © 2000 SuSE, Inc.
   3  * Copyright © 2007 Red Hat, Inc.
   4  *
   5  * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its
   6  * documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that
   7  * the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that
   8  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
   9  * documentation, and that the name of SuSE not be used in advertising or
  10  * publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific,
  11  * written prior permission.  SuSE makes no representations about the
  12  * suitability of this software for any purpose.  It is provided "as is"
  13  * without express or implied warranty.
  14  *
  15  * SuSE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL
  16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL SuSE
  17  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
  18  * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
  19  * OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
  20  * CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
  21  */
  22
  23 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
  24 #include <config.h>
  25 #endif
  26
  27 #include <stdlib.h>
  28 #include <stdio.h>
  29 #include <string.h>
  30 #include <assert.h>
  31
  32 #include "pixman-private.h"
  33 #include "pixman-combine32.h"
  34
  35 pixman_bool_t
  36 _pixman_init_gradient (gradient_t *                  gradient,
  37                        const pixman_gradient_stop_t *stops,
  38                        int                           n_stops)
  39 {
  40     return_val_if_fail (n_stops > 0, FALSE);
  41
  42     gradient->stops = pixman_malloc_ab (n_stops, sizeof (pixman_gradient_stop_t));
  43     if (!gradient->stops)
  44         return FALSE;
  45
  46     memcpy (gradient->stops, stops, n_stops * sizeof (pixman_gradient_stop_t));
  47
  48     gradient->n_stops = n_stops;
  49
  50     gradient->stop_range = 0xffff;
  51     gradient->common.class = SOURCE_IMAGE_CLASS_UNKNOWN;
  52
  53     return TRUE;
  54 }
  55
  56 /*
  57  * By default, just evaluate the image at 32bpp and expand.  Individual image
  58  * types can plug in a better scanline getter if they want to. For example
  59  * we  could produce smoother gradients by evaluating them at higher color
  60  * depth, but that's a project for the future.
  61  */
  62 void
  63 _pixman_image_get_scanline_generic_64 (pixman_image_t * image,
  64                                        int              x,
  65                                        int              y,
  66                                        int              width,
  67                                        uint32_t *       buffer,
  68                                        const uint32_t * mask,
  69                                        uint32_t         mask_bits)
  70 {
  71     uint32_t *mask8 = NULL;
  72
  73     /* Contract the mask image, if one exists, so that the 32-bit fetch
  74      * function can use it.
  75      */
  76     if (mask)
  77     {
  78         mask8 = pixman_malloc_ab (width, sizeof(uint32_t));
  79         if (!mask8)
  80             return;
  81
  82         pixman_contract (mask8, (uint64_t *)mask, width);
  83     }
  84
  85     /* Fetch the source image into the first half of buffer. */
  86     _pixman_image_get_scanline_32 (image, x, y, width, (uint32_t*)buffer, mask8,
  87                                    mask_bits);
  88
  89     /* Expand from 32bpp to 64bpp in place. */
  90     pixman_expand ((uint64_t *)buffer, buffer, PIXMAN_a8r8g8b8, width);
  91
  92     free (mask8);
  93 }
  94
  95 pixman_image_t *
  96 _pixman_image_allocate (void)
  97 {
  98     pixman_image_t *image = malloc (sizeof (pixman_image_t));
  99
 100     if (image)
 101     {
 102         image_common_t *common = &image->common;
 103
 104         pixman_region32_init (&common->clip_region);
 105
 106         common->have_clip_region = FALSE;
 107         common->clip_sources = FALSE;
 108         common->transform = NULL;
 109         common->repeat = PIXMAN_REPEAT_NONE;
 110         common->filter = PIXMAN_FILTER_NEAREST;
 111         common->filter_params = NULL;
 112         common->n_filter_params = 0;
 113         common->alpha_map = NULL;
 114         common->component_alpha = FALSE;
 115         common->ref_count = 1;
 116         common->classify = NULL;
 117         common->client_clip = FALSE;
 118         common->destroy_func = NULL;
 119         common->destroy_data = NULL;
 120         common->dirty = TRUE;
 121     }
 122
 123     return image;
 124 }
 125
 126 source_image_class_t
 127 _pixman_image_classify (pixman_image_t *image,
 128                         int             x,
 129                         int             y,
 130                         int             width,
 131                         int             height)
 132 {
 133     if (image->common.classify)
 134         return image->common.classify (image, x, y, width, height);
 135     else
 136         return SOURCE_IMAGE_CLASS_UNKNOWN;
 137 }
 138
 139 void
 140 _pixman_image_get_scanline_32 (pixman_image_t *image,
 141                                int             x,
 142                                int             y,
 143                                int             width,
 144                                uint32_t *      buffer,
 145                                const uint32_t *mask,
 146                                uint32_t        mask_bits)
 147 {
 148     image->common.get_scanline_32 (image, x, y, width, buffer, mask, mask_bits);
 149 }
 150
 151 /* Even thought the type of buffer is uint32_t *, the function actually expects
 152  * a uint64_t *buffer.
 153  */
 154 void
 155 _pixman_image_get_scanline_64 (pixman_image_t *image,
 156                                int             x,
 157                                int             y,
 158                                int             width,
 159                                uint32_t *      buffer,
 160                                const uint32_t *unused,
 161                                uint32_t        unused2)
 162 {
 163     image->common.get_scanline_64 (image, x, y, width, buffer, unused, unused2);
 164 }
 165
 166 static void
 167 image_property_changed (pixman_image_t *image)
 168 {
 169     image->common.dirty = TRUE;
 170 }
 171
 172 /* Ref Counting */
 173 PIXMAN_EXPORT pixman_image_t *
 174 pixman_image_ref (pixman_image_t *image)
 175 {
 176     image->common.ref_count++;
 177
 178     return image;
 179 }
 180
 181 /* returns TRUE when the image is freed */
 182 PIXMAN_EXPORT pixman_bool_t
 183 pixman_image_unref (pixman_image_t *image)
 184 {
 185     image_common_t *common = (image_common_t *)image;
 186
 187     common->ref_count--;
 188
 189     if (common->ref_count == 0)
 190     {
 191         if (image->common.destroy_func)
 192             image->common.destroy_func (image, image->common.destroy_data);
 193
 194         pixman_region32_fini (&common->clip_region);
 195
 196         if (common->transform)
 197             free (common->transform);
 198
 199         if (common->filter_params)
 200             free (common->filter_params);
 201
 202         if (common->alpha_map)
 203             pixman_image_unref ((pixman_image_t *)common->alpha_map);
 204
 205         if (image->type == LINEAR ||
 206             image->type == RADIAL ||
 207             image->type == CONICAL)
 208         {
 209             if (image->gradient.stops)
 210                 free (image->gradient.stops);
 211         }
 212
 213         if (image->type == BITS && image->bits.free_me)
 214             free (image->bits.free_me);
 215
 216         free (image);
 217
 218         return TRUE;
 219     }
 220
 221     return FALSE;
 222 }
 223
 224 PIXMAN_EXPORT void
 225 pixman_image_set_destroy_function (pixman_image_t *            image,
 226                                    pixman_image_destroy_func_t func,
 227                                    void *                      data)
 228 {
 229     image->common.destroy_func = func;
 230     image->common.destroy_data = data;
 231 }
 232
 233 PIXMAN_EXPORT void *
 234 pixman_image_get_destroy_data (pixman_image_t *image)
 235 {
 236   return image->common.destroy_data;
 237 }
 238
 239 void
 240 _pixman_image_reset_clip_region (pixman_image_t *image)
 241 {
 242     image->common.have_clip_region = FALSE;
 243 }
 244
 245 static pixman_bool_t out_of_bounds_workaround = TRUE;
 246
 247 /* Old X servers rely on out-of-bounds accesses when they are asked
 248  * to composite with a window as the source. They create a pixman image
 249  * pointing to some bogus position in memory, but then they set a clip
 250  * region to the position where the actual bits are.
 251  *
 252  * Due to a bug in old versions of pixman, where it would not clip
 253  * against the image bounds when a clip region was set, this would
 254  * actually work. So by default we allow certain out-of-bound access
 255  * to happen unless explicitly disabled.
 256  *
 257  * Fixed X servers should call this function to disable the workaround.
 258  */
 259 PIXMAN_EXPORT void
 260 pixman_disable_out_of_bounds_workaround (void)
 261 {
 262     out_of_bounds_workaround = FALSE;
 263 }
 264
 265 static pixman_bool_t
 266 source_image_needs_out_of_bounds_workaround (bits_image_t *image)
 267 {
 268     if (image->common.clip_sources                      &&
 269         image->common.repeat == PIXMAN_REPEAT_NONE      &&
 270         image->common.have_clip_region                  &&
 271         out_of_bounds_workaround)
 272     {
 273         if (!image->common.client_clip)
 274         {
 275             /* There is no client clip, so if the clip region extends beyond the
 276              * drawable geometry, it must be because the X server generated the
 277              * bogus clip region.
 278              */
 279             const pixman_box32_t *extents =
 280                 pixman_region32_extents (&image->common.clip_region);
 281
 282             if (extents->x1 >= 0 && extents->x2 <= image->width &&
 283                 extents->y1 >= 0 && extents->y2 <= image->height)
 284             {
 285                 return FALSE;
 286             }
 287         }
 288
 289         return TRUE;
 290     }
 291
 292     return FALSE;
 293 }
 294
 295 static void
 296 compute_image_info (pixman_image_t *image)
 297 {
 298     pixman_format_code_t code;
 299     uint32_t flags = 0;
 300
 301     /* Transform */
 302     if (!image->common.transform)
 303     {
 304         flags |= (FAST_PATH_ID_TRANSFORM | FAST_PATH_X_UNIT_POSITIVE);
 305     }
 306     else
 307     {
 308         if (image->common.transform->matrix[0][1] == 0 &&
 309             image->common.transform->matrix[1][0] == 0 &&
 310             image->common.transform->matrix[2][0] == 0 &&
 311             image->common.transform->matrix[2][1] == 0 &&
 312             image->common.transform->matrix[2][2] == pixman_fixed_1)
 313         {
 314             flags |= FAST_PATH_SCALE_TRANSFORM;
 315         }
 316
 317         if (image->common.transform->matrix[0][0] > 0)
 318             flags |= FAST_PATH_X_UNIT_POSITIVE;
 319     }
 320
 321     /* Alpha map */
 322     if (!image->common.alpha_map)
 323         flags |= FAST_PATH_NO_ALPHA_MAP;
 324
 325     /* Filter */
 326     switch (image->common.filter)
 327     {
 328     case PIXMAN_FILTER_NEAREST:
 329     case PIXMAN_FILTER_FAST:
 330         flags |= (FAST_PATH_NEAREST_FILTER | FAST_PATH_NO_CONVOLUTION_FILTER);
 331         break;
 332
 333     case PIXMAN_FILTER_CONVOLUTION:
 334         break;
 335
 336     default:
 337         flags |= FAST_PATH_NO_CONVOLUTION_FILTER;
 338         break;
 339     }
 340
 341     /* Repeat mode */
 342     switch (image->common.repeat)
 343     {
 344     case PIXMAN_REPEAT_NONE:
 345         flags |= FAST_PATH_NO_REFLECT_REPEAT | FAST_PATH_NO_PAD_REPEAT;
 346         break;
 347
 348     case PIXMAN_REPEAT_REFLECT:
 349         flags |= FAST_PATH_NO_PAD_REPEAT | FAST_PATH_NO_NONE_REPEAT;
 350         break;
 351
 352     case PIXMAN_REPEAT_PAD:
 353         flags |= FAST_PATH_NO_REFLECT_REPEAT | FAST_PATH_NO_NONE_REPEAT;
 354         break;
 355
 356     default:
 357         flags |= FAST_PATH_NO_REFLECT_REPEAT | FAST_PATH_NO_PAD_REPEAT | FAST_PATH_NO_NONE_REPEAT;
 358         break;
 359     }
 360
 361     /* Component alpha */
 362     if (image->common.component_alpha)
 363         flags |= FAST_PATH_COMPONENT_ALPHA;
 364     else
 365         flags |= FAST_PATH_UNIFIED_ALPHA;
 366
 367     flags |= (FAST_PATH_NO_ACCESSORS | FAST_PATH_NO_WIDE_FORMAT);
 368
 369     /* Type specific checks */
 370     switch (image->type)
 371     {
 372     case SOLID:
 373         code = PIXMAN_solid;
 374
 375         if (image->solid.color.alpha == 0xffff)
 376             flags |= FAST_PATH_IS_OPAQUE;
 377         break;
 378
 379     case BITS:
 380         if (image->bits.width == 1      &&
 381             image->bits.height == 1     &&
 382             image->common.repeat != PIXMAN_REPEAT_NONE)
 383         {
 384             code = PIXMAN_solid;
 385         }
 386         else
 387         {
 388             code = image->bits.format;
 389
 390             if (!image->common.transform &&
 391                 image->common.repeat == PIXMAN_REPEAT_NORMAL)
 392             {
 393                 flags |= FAST_PATH_SIMPLE_REPEAT;
 394             }
 395         }
 396
 397         if (image->common.repeat != PIXMAN_REPEAT_NONE &&
 398             !PIXMAN_FORMAT_A (image->bits.format))
 399         {
 400             flags |= FAST_PATH_IS_OPAQUE;
 401         }
 402
 403         if (source_image_needs_out_of_bounds_workaround (&image->bits))
 404             flags |= FAST_PATH_NEEDS_WORKAROUND;
 405
 406         if (image->bits.read_func || image->bits.write_func)
 407             flags &= ~FAST_PATH_NO_ACCESSORS;
 408
 409         if (PIXMAN_FORMAT_IS_WIDE (image->bits.format))
 410             flags &= ~FAST_PATH_NO_WIDE_FORMAT;
 411         break;
 412
 413     case LINEAR:
 414     case RADIAL:
 415         code = PIXMAN_unknown;
 416
 417         if (image->common.repeat != PIXMAN_REPEAT_NONE)
 418         {
 419             int i;
 420
 421             flags |= FAST_PATH_IS_OPAQUE;
 422             for (i = 0; i < image->gradient.n_stops; ++i)
 423             {
 424                 if (image->gradient.stops[i].color.alpha != 0xffff)
 425                 {
 426                     flags &= ~FAST_PATH_IS_OPAQUE;
 427                     break;
 428                 }
 429             }
 430         }
 431         break;
 432
 433     default:
 434         code = PIXMAN_unknown;
 435         break;
 436     }
 437
 438     /* Both alpha maps and convolution filters can introduce
 439      * non-opaqueness in otherwise opaque images. Also
 440      * an image with component alpha turned on is only opaque
 441      * if all channels are opaque, so we simply turn it off
 442      * unconditionally for those images.
 443      */
 444     if (image->common.alpha_map                                 ||
 445         image->common.filter == PIXMAN_FILTER_CONVOLUTION       ||
 446         image->common.component_alpha)
 447     {
 448         flags &= ~FAST_PATH_IS_OPAQUE;
 449     }
 450
 451     image->common.flags = flags;
 452     image->common.extended_format_code = code;
 453 }
 454
 455 void
 456 _pixman_image_validate (pixman_image_t *image)
 457 {
 458     if (image->common.dirty)
 459     {
 460         compute_image_info (image);
 461
 462         /* It is important that property_changed is
 463          * called *after* compute_image_info() because
 464          * property_changed() can make use of the flags
 465          * to set up accessors etc.
 466          */
 467         image->common.property_changed (image);
 468
 469         image->common.dirty = FALSE;
 470     }
 471
 472     if (image->common.alpha_map)
 473         _pixman_image_validate ((pixman_image_t *)image->common.alpha_map);
 474 }
 475
 476 PIXMAN_EXPORT pixman_bool_t
 477 pixman_image_set_clip_region32 (pixman_image_t *   image,
 478                                 pixman_region32_t *region)
 479 {
 480     image_common_t *common = (image_common_t *)image;
 481     pixman_bool_t result;
 482
 483     if (region)
 484     {
 485         if ((result = pixman_region32_copy (&common->clip_region, region)))
 486             image->common.have_clip_region = TRUE;
 487     }
 488     else
 489     {
 490         _pixman_image_reset_clip_region (image);
 491
 492         result = TRUE;
 493     }
 494
 495     image_property_changed (image);
 496
 497     return result;
 498 }
 499
 500 PIXMAN_EXPORT pixman_bool_t
 501 pixman_image_set_clip_region (pixman_image_t *   image,
 502                               pixman_region16_t *region)
 503 {
 504     image_common_t *common = (image_common_t *)image;
 505     pixman_bool_t result;
 506
 507     if (region)
 508     {
 509         if ((result = pixman_region32_copy_from_region16 (&common->clip_region, region)))
 510             image->common.have_clip_region = TRUE;
 511     }
 512     else
 513     {
 514         _pixman_image_reset_clip_region (image);
 515
 516         result = TRUE;
 517     }
 518
 519     image_property_changed (image);
 520
 521     return result;
 522 }
 523
 524 PIXMAN_EXPORT void
 525 pixman_image_set_has_client_clip (pixman_image_t *image,
 526                                   pixman_bool_t   client_clip)
 527 {
 528     image->common.client_clip = client_clip;
 529 }
 530
 531 PIXMAN_EXPORT pixman_bool_t
 532 pixman_image_set_transform (pixman_image_t *          image,
 533                             const pixman_transform_t *transform)
 534 {
 535     static const pixman_transform_t id =
 536     {
 537         { { pixman_fixed_1, 0, 0 },
 538           { 0, pixman_fixed_1, 0 },
 539           { 0, 0, pixman_fixed_1 } }
 540     };
 541
 542     image_common_t *common = (image_common_t *)image;
 543     pixman_bool_t result;
 544
 545     if (common->transform == transform)
 546         return TRUE;
 547
 548     if (memcmp (&id, transform, sizeof (pixman_transform_t)) == 0)
 549     {
 550         free (common->transform);
 551         common->transform = NULL;
 552         result = TRUE;
 553
 554         goto out;
 555     }
 556
 557     if (common->transform == NULL)
 558         common->transform = malloc (sizeof (pixman_transform_t));
 559
 560     if (common->transform == NULL)
 561     {
 562         result = FALSE;
 563
 564         goto out;
 565     }
 566
 567     memcpy (common->transform, transform, sizeof(pixman_transform_t));
 568
 569     result = TRUE;
 570
 571 out:
 572     image_property_changed (image);
 573
 574     return result;
 575 }
 576
 577 PIXMAN_EXPORT void
 578 pixman_image_set_repeat (pixman_image_t *image,
 579                          pixman_repeat_t repeat)
 580 {
 581     image->common.repeat = repeat;
 582
 583     image_property_changed (image);
 584 }
 585
 586 PIXMAN_EXPORT pixman_bool_t
 587 pixman_image_set_filter (pixman_image_t *      image,
 588                          pixman_filter_t       filter,
 589                          const pixman_fixed_t *params,
 590                          int                   n_params)
 591 {
 592     image_common_t *common = (image_common_t *)image;
 593     pixman_fixed_t *new_params;
 594
 595     if (params == common->filter_params && filter == common->filter)
 596         return TRUE;
 597
 598     new_params = NULL;
 599     if (params)
 600     {
 601         new_params = pixman_malloc_ab (n_params, sizeof (pixman_fixed_t));
 602         if (!new_params)
 603             return FALSE;
 604
 605         memcpy (new_params,
 606                 params, n_params * sizeof (pixman_fixed_t));
 607     }
 608
 609     common->filter = filter;
 610
 611     if (common->filter_params)
 612         free (common->filter_params);
 613
 614     common->filter_params = new_params;
 615     common->n_filter_params = n_params;
 616
 617     image_property_changed (image);
 618     return TRUE;
 619 }
 620
 621 PIXMAN_EXPORT void
 622 pixman_image_set_source_clipping (pixman_image_t *image,
 623                                   pixman_bool_t   clip_sources)
 624 {
 625     image->common.clip_sources = clip_sources;
 626
 627     image_property_changed (image);
 628 }
 629
 630 /* Unlike all the other property setters, this function does not
 631  * copy the content of indexed. Doing this copying is simply
 632  * way, way too expensive.
 633  */
 634 PIXMAN_EXPORT void
 635 pixman_image_set_indexed (pixman_image_t *        image,
 636                           const pixman_indexed_t *indexed)
 637 {
 638     bits_image_t *bits = (bits_image_t *)image;
 639
 640     bits->indexed = indexed;
 641
 642     image_property_changed (image);
 643 }
 644
 645 PIXMAN_EXPORT void
 646 pixman_image_set_alpha_map (pixman_image_t *image,
 647                             pixman_image_t *alpha_map,
 648                             int16_t         x,
 649                             int16_t         y)
 650 {
 651     image_common_t *common = (image_common_t *)image;
 652
 653     return_if_fail (!alpha_map || alpha_map->type == BITS);
 654
 655     if (common->alpha_map != (bits_image_t *)alpha_map)
 656     {
 657         if (common->alpha_map)
 658             pixman_image_unref ((pixman_image_t *)common->alpha_map);
 659
 660         if (alpha_map)
 661             common->alpha_map = (bits_image_t *)pixman_image_ref (alpha_map);
 662         else
 663             common->alpha_map = NULL;
 664     }
 665
 666     common->alpha_origin_x = x;
 667     common->alpha_origin_y = y;
 668
 669     image_property_changed (image);
 670 }
 671
 672 PIXMAN_EXPORT void
 673 pixman_image_set_component_alpha   (pixman_image_t *image,
 674                                     pixman_bool_t   component_alpha)
 675 {
 676     image->common.component_alpha = component_alpha;
 677
 678     image_property_changed (image);
 679 }
 680
 681 PIXMAN_EXPORT void
 682 pixman_image_set_accessors (pixman_image_t *           image,
 683                             pixman_read_memory_func_t  read_func,
 684                             pixman_write_memory_func_t write_func)
 685 {
 686     return_if_fail (image != NULL);
 687
 688     if (image->type == BITS)
 689     {
 690         image->bits.read_func = read_func;
 691         image->bits.write_func = write_func;
 692
 693         image_property_changed (image);
 694     }
 695 }
 696
 697 PIXMAN_EXPORT uint32_t *
 698 pixman_image_get_data (pixman_image_t *image)
 699 {
 700     if (image->type == BITS)
 701         return image->bits.bits;
 702
 703     return NULL;
 704 }
 705
 706 PIXMAN_EXPORT int
 707 pixman_image_get_width (pixman_image_t *image)
 708 {
 709     if (image->type == BITS)
 710         return image->bits.width;
 711
 712     return 0;
 713 }
 714
 715 PIXMAN_EXPORT int
 716 pixman_image_get_height (pixman_image_t *image)
 717 {
 718     if (image->type == BITS)
 719         return image->bits.height;
 720
 721     return 0;
 722 }
 723
 724 PIXMAN_EXPORT int
 725 pixman_image_get_stride (pixman_image_t *image)
 726 {
 727     if (image->type == BITS)
 728         return image->bits.rowstride * (int) sizeof (uint32_t);
 729
 730     return 0;
 731 }
 732
 733 PIXMAN_EXPORT int
 734 pixman_image_get_depth (pixman_image_t *image)
 735 {
 736     if (image->type == BITS)
 737         return PIXMAN_FORMAT_DEPTH (image->bits.format);
 738
 739     return 0;
 740 }
 741
 742 uint32_t
 743 _pixman_image_get_solid (pixman_image_t *     image,
 744                          pixman_format_code_t format)
 745 {
 746     uint32_t result;
 747
 748     _pixman_image_get_scanline_32 (image, 0, 0, 1, &result, NULL, 0);
 749
 750     /* If necessary, convert RGB <--> BGR. */
 751     if (PIXMAN_FORMAT_TYPE (format) != PIXMAN_TYPE_ARGB)
 752     {
 753         result = (((result & 0xff000000) >>  0) |
 754                   ((result & 0x00ff0000) >> 16) |
 755                   ((result & 0x0000ff00) >>  0) |
 756                   ((result & 0x000000ff) << 16));
 757     }
 758
 759     return result;
 760 }