2 * Libavformat API example: Output a media file in any supported
3 * libavformat format. The default codecs are used.
5 * Copyright (c) 2003 Fabrice Bellard
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31 #define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846
34 #include "libavformat/avformat.h"
35 #include "libswscale/swscale.h"
39 /* 5 seconds stream duration */
40 #define STREAM_DURATION 5.0
41 #define STREAM_FRAME_RATE 25 /* 25 images/s */
42 #define STREAM_NB_FRAMES ((int)(STREAM_DURATION * STREAM_FRAME_RATE))
43 #define STREAM_PIX_FMT PIX_FMT_YUV420P /* default pix_fmt */
45 static int sws_flags = SWS_BICUBIC;
47 /**************************************************************/
50 float t, tincr, tincr2;
52 uint8_t *audio_outbuf;
53 int audio_outbuf_size;
54 int audio_input_frame_size;
57 * add an audio output stream
59 static AVStream *add_audio_stream(AVFormatContext *oc, int codec_id)
64 st = av_new_stream(oc, 1);
66 fprintf(stderr, "Could not alloc stream\n");
71 c->codec_id = codec_id;
72 c->codec_type = CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO;
74 /* put sample parameters */
76 c->sample_rate = 44100;
81 static void open_audio(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
88 /* find the audio encoder */
89 codec = avcodec_find_encoder(c->codec_id);
91 fprintf(stderr, "codec not found\n");
96 if (avcodec_open(c, codec) < 0) {
97 fprintf(stderr, "could not open codec\n");
101 /* init signal generator */
103 tincr = 2 * M_PI * 110.0 / c->sample_rate;
104 /* increment frequency by 110 Hz per second */
105 tincr2 = 2 * M_PI * 110.0 / c->sample_rate / c->sample_rate;
107 audio_outbuf_size = 10000;
108 audio_outbuf = av_malloc(audio_outbuf_size);
110 /* ugly hack for PCM codecs (will be removed ASAP with new PCM
111 support to compute the input frame size in samples */
112 if (c->frame_size <= 1) {
113 audio_input_frame_size = audio_outbuf_size / c->channels;
114 switch(st->codec->codec_id) {
115 case CODEC_ID_PCM_S16LE:
116 case CODEC_ID_PCM_S16BE:
117 case CODEC_ID_PCM_U16LE:
118 case CODEC_ID_PCM_U16BE:
119 audio_input_frame_size >>= 1;
125 audio_input_frame_size = c->frame_size;
127 samples = av_malloc(audio_input_frame_size * 2 * c->channels);
130 /* prepare a 16 bit dummy audio frame of 'frame_size' samples and
131 'nb_channels' channels */
132 static void get_audio_frame(int16_t *samples, int frame_size, int nb_channels)
138 for(j=0;j<frame_size;j++) {
139 v = (int)(sin(t) * 10000);
140 for(i = 0; i < nb_channels; i++)
147 static void write_audio_frame(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
151 av_init_packet(&pkt);
155 get_audio_frame(samples, audio_input_frame_size, c->channels);
157 pkt.size= avcodec_encode_audio(c, audio_outbuf, audio_outbuf_size, samples);
159 pkt.pts= av_rescale_q(c->coded_frame->pts, c->time_base, st->time_base);
160 pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;
161 pkt.stream_index= st->index;
162 pkt.data= audio_outbuf;
164 /* write the compressed frame in the media file */
165 if (av_write_frame(oc, &pkt) != 0) {
166 fprintf(stderr, "Error while writing audio frame\n");
171 static void close_audio(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
173 avcodec_close(st->codec);
176 av_free(audio_outbuf);
179 /**************************************************************/
182 AVFrame *picture, *tmp_picture;
183 uint8_t *video_outbuf;
184 int frame_count, video_outbuf_size;
186 /* add a video output stream */
187 static AVStream *add_video_stream(AVFormatContext *oc, int codec_id)
192 st = av_new_stream(oc, 0);
194 fprintf(stderr, "Could not alloc stream\n");
199 c->codec_id = codec_id;
200 c->codec_type = CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO;
202 /* put sample parameters */
203 c->bit_rate = 400000;
204 /* resolution must be a multiple of two */
207 /* time base: this is the fundamental unit of time (in seconds) in terms
208 of which frame timestamps are represented. for fixed-fps content,
209 timebase should be 1/framerate and timestamp increments should be
211 c->time_base.den = STREAM_FRAME_RATE;
212 c->time_base.num = 1;
213 c->gop_size = 12; /* emit one intra frame every twelve frames at most */
214 c->pix_fmt = STREAM_PIX_FMT;
215 if (c->codec_id == CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO) {
216 /* just for testing, we also add B frames */
219 if (c->codec_id == CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO){
220 /* Needed to avoid using macroblocks in which some coeffs overflow.
221 This does not happen with normal video, it just happens here as
222 the motion of the chroma plane does not match the luma plane. */
225 // some formats want stream headers to be separate
226 if(!strcmp(oc->oformat->name, "mp4") || !strcmp(oc->oformat->name, "mov") || !strcmp(oc->oformat->name, "3gp"))
227 c->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
232 static AVFrame *alloc_picture(int pix_fmt, int width, int height)
235 uint8_t *picture_buf;
238 picture = avcodec_alloc_frame();
241 size = avpicture_get_size(pix_fmt, width, height);
242 picture_buf = av_malloc(size);
247 avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)picture, picture_buf,
248 pix_fmt, width, height);
252 static void open_video(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
259 /* find the video encoder */
260 codec = avcodec_find_encoder(c->codec_id);
262 fprintf(stderr, "codec not found\n");
267 if (avcodec_open(c, codec) < 0) {
268 fprintf(stderr, "could not open codec\n");
273 if (!(oc->oformat->flags & AVFMT_RAWPICTURE)) {
274 /* allocate output buffer */
275 /* XXX: API change will be done */
276 /* buffers passed into lav* can be allocated any way you prefer,
277 as long as they're aligned enough for the architecture, and
278 they're freed appropriately (such as using av_free for buffers
279 allocated with av_malloc) */
280 video_outbuf_size = 200000;
281 video_outbuf = av_malloc(video_outbuf_size);
284 /* allocate the encoded raw picture */
285 picture = alloc_picture(c->pix_fmt, c->width, c->height);
287 fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate picture\n");
291 /* if the output format is not YUV420P, then a temporary YUV420P
292 picture is needed too. It is then converted to the required
295 if (c->pix_fmt != PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
296 tmp_picture = alloc_picture(PIX_FMT_YUV420P, c->width, c->height);
298 fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate temporary picture\n");
304 /* prepare a dummy image */
305 static void fill_yuv_image(AVFrame *pict, int frame_index, int width, int height)
312 for(y=0;y<height;y++) {
313 for(x=0;x<width;x++) {
314 pict->data[0][y * pict->linesize[0] + x] = x + y + i * 3;
319 for(y=0;y<height/2;y++) {
320 for(x=0;x<width/2;x++) {
321 pict->data[1][y * pict->linesize[1] + x] = 128 + y + i * 2;
322 pict->data[2][y * pict->linesize[2] + x] = 64 + x + i * 5;
327 static void write_video_frame(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
331 static struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx;
335 if (frame_count >= STREAM_NB_FRAMES) {
336 /* no more frame to compress. The codec has a latency of a few
337 frames if using B frames, so we get the last frames by
338 passing the same picture again */
340 if (c->pix_fmt != PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
341 /* as we only generate a YUV420P picture, we must convert it
342 to the codec pixel format if needed */
343 if (img_convert_ctx == NULL) {
344 img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(c->width, c->height,
348 sws_flags, NULL, NULL, NULL);
349 if (img_convert_ctx == NULL) {
350 fprintf(stderr, "Cannot initialize the conversion context\n");
354 fill_yuv_image(tmp_picture, frame_count, c->width, c->height);
355 sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, tmp_picture->data, tmp_picture->linesize,
356 0, c->height, picture->data, picture->linesize);
358 fill_yuv_image(picture, frame_count, c->width, c->height);
363 if (oc->oformat->flags & AVFMT_RAWPICTURE) {
364 /* raw video case. The API will change slightly in the near
367 av_init_packet(&pkt);
369 pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;
370 pkt.stream_index= st->index;
371 pkt.data= (uint8_t *)picture;
372 pkt.size= sizeof(AVPicture);
374 ret = av_write_frame(oc, &pkt);
376 /* encode the image */
377 out_size = avcodec_encode_video(c, video_outbuf, video_outbuf_size, picture);
378 /* if zero size, it means the image was buffered */
381 av_init_packet(&pkt);
383 pkt.pts= av_rescale_q(c->coded_frame->pts, c->time_base, st->time_base);
384 if(c->coded_frame->key_frame)
385 pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;
386 pkt.stream_index= st->index;
387 pkt.data= video_outbuf;
390 /* write the compressed frame in the media file */
391 ret = av_write_frame(oc, &pkt);
397 fprintf(stderr, "Error while writing video frame\n");
403 static void close_video(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
405 avcodec_close(st->codec);
406 av_free(picture->data[0]);
409 av_free(tmp_picture->data[0]);
410 av_free(tmp_picture);
412 av_free(video_outbuf);
415 /**************************************************************/
416 /* media file output */
418 int main(int argc, char **argv)
420 const char *filename;
423 AVStream *audio_st, *video_st;
424 double audio_pts, video_pts;
427 /* initialize libavcodec, and register all codecs and formats */
431 printf("usage: %s output_file\n"
432 "API example program to output a media file with libavformat.\n"
433 "The output format is automatically guessed according to the file extension.\n"
434 "Raw images can also be output by using '%%d' in the filename\n"
441 /* auto detect the output format from the name. default is
443 fmt = guess_format(NULL, filename, NULL);
445 printf("Could not deduce output format from file extension: using MPEG.\n");
446 fmt = guess_format("mpeg", NULL, NULL);
449 fprintf(stderr, "Could not find suitable output format\n");
453 /* allocate the output media context */
454 oc = av_alloc_format_context();
456 fprintf(stderr, "Memory error\n");
460 snprintf(oc->filename, sizeof(oc->filename), "%s", filename);
462 /* add the audio and video streams using the default format codecs
463 and initialize the codecs */
466 if (fmt->video_codec != CODEC_ID_NONE) {
467 video_st = add_video_stream(oc, fmt->video_codec);
469 if (fmt->audio_codec != CODEC_ID_NONE) {
470 audio_st = add_audio_stream(oc, fmt->audio_codec);
473 /* set the output parameters (must be done even if no
475 if (av_set_parameters(oc, NULL) < 0) {
476 fprintf(stderr, "Invalid output format parameters\n");
480 dump_format(oc, 0, filename, 1);
482 /* now that all the parameters are set, we can open the audio and
483 video codecs and allocate the necessary encode buffers */
485 open_video(oc, video_st);
487 open_audio(oc, audio_st);
489 /* open the output file, if needed */
490 if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
491 if (url_fopen(&oc->pb, filename, URL_WRONLY) < 0) {
492 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open '%s'\n", filename);
497 /* write the stream header, if any */
501 /* compute current audio and video time */
503 audio_pts = (double)audio_st->pts.val * audio_st->time_base.num / audio_st->time_base.den;
508 video_pts = (double)video_st->pts.val * video_st->time_base.num / video_st->time_base.den;
512 if ((!audio_st || audio_pts >= STREAM_DURATION) &&
513 (!video_st || video_pts >= STREAM_DURATION))
516 /* write interleaved audio and video frames */
517 if (!video_st || (video_st && audio_st && audio_pts < video_pts)) {
518 write_audio_frame(oc, audio_st);
520 write_video_frame(oc, video_st);
524 /* close each codec */
526 close_video(oc, video_st);
528 close_audio(oc, audio_st);
530 /* write the trailer, if any */
531 av_write_trailer(oc);
533 /* free the streams */
534 for(i = 0; i < oc->nb_streams; i++) {
535 av_freep(&oc->streams[i]->codec);
536 av_freep(&oc->streams[i]);
539 if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
540 /* close the output file */
544 /* free the stream */