2 * linux/mm/swap_state.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds
5 * Swap reorganised 29.12.95, Stephen Tweedie
7 * Rewritten to use page cache, (C) 1998 Stephen Tweedie
9 #include <linux/module.h>
11 #include <linux/gfp.h>
12 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
13 #include <linux/swap.h>
14 #include <linux/swapops.h>
15 #include <linux/init.h>
16 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
17 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
18 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
19 #include <linux/pagevec.h>
20 #include <linux/migrate.h>
21 #include <linux/page_cgroup.h>
23 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
26 * swapper_space is a fiction, retained to simplify the path through
27 * vmscan's shrink_page_list.
29 static const struct address_space_operations swap_aops = {
30 .writepage = swap_writepage,
31 .set_page_dirty = __set_page_dirty_nobuffers,
32 .migratepage = migrate_page,
35 static struct backing_dev_info swap_backing_dev_info = {
37 .capabilities = BDI_CAP_NO_ACCT_AND_WRITEBACK | BDI_CAP_SWAP_BACKED,
40 struct address_space swapper_space = {
41 .page_tree = RADIX_TREE_INIT(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN),
42 .tree_lock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(swapper_space.tree_lock),
44 .i_mmap_nonlinear = LIST_HEAD_INIT(swapper_space.i_mmap_nonlinear),
45 .backing_dev_info = &swap_backing_dev_info,
48 #define INC_CACHE_INFO(x) do { swap_cache_info.x++; } while (0)
51 unsigned long add_total;
52 unsigned long del_total;
53 unsigned long find_success;
54 unsigned long find_total;
57 void show_swap_cache_info(void)
59 printk("%lu pages in swap cache\n", total_swapcache_pages);
60 printk("Swap cache stats: add %lu, delete %lu, find %lu/%lu\n",
61 swap_cache_info.add_total, swap_cache_info.del_total,
62 swap_cache_info.find_success, swap_cache_info.find_total);
63 printk("Free swap = %ldkB\n", nr_swap_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10));
64 printk("Total swap = %lukB\n", total_swap_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10));
68 * __add_to_swap_cache resembles add_to_page_cache_locked on swapper_space,
69 * but sets SwapCache flag and private instead of mapping and index.
71 static int __add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
75 VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
76 VM_BUG_ON(PageSwapCache(page));
77 VM_BUG_ON(!PageSwapBacked(page));
80 SetPageSwapCache(page);
81 set_page_private(page, entry.val);
83 spin_lock_irq(&swapper_space.tree_lock);
84 error = radix_tree_insert(&swapper_space.page_tree, entry.val, page);
86 total_swapcache_pages++;
87 __inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PAGES);
88 INC_CACHE_INFO(add_total);
90 spin_unlock_irq(&swapper_space.tree_lock);
92 if (unlikely(error)) {
94 * Only the context which have set SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag
95 * would call add_to_swap_cache().
96 * So add_to_swap_cache() doesn't returns -EEXIST.
98 VM_BUG_ON(error == -EEXIST);
99 set_page_private(page, 0UL);
100 ClearPageSwapCache(page);
101 page_cache_release(page);
108 int add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask)
112 error = radix_tree_preload(gfp_mask);
114 error = __add_to_swap_cache(page, entry);
115 radix_tree_preload_end();
121 * This must be called only on pages that have
122 * been verified to be in the swap cache.
124 void __delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
126 VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
127 VM_BUG_ON(!PageSwapCache(page));
128 VM_BUG_ON(PageWriteback(page));
130 radix_tree_delete(&swapper_space.page_tree, page_private(page));
131 set_page_private(page, 0);
132 ClearPageSwapCache(page);
133 total_swapcache_pages--;
134 __dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PAGES);
135 INC_CACHE_INFO(del_total);
139 * add_to_swap - allocate swap space for a page
140 * @page: page we want to move to swap
142 * Allocate swap space for the page and add the page to the
143 * swap cache. Caller needs to hold the page lock.
145 int add_to_swap(struct page *page)
150 VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
151 VM_BUG_ON(!PageUptodate(page));
153 entry = get_swap_page();
157 if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)))
158 if (unlikely(split_huge_page(page))) {
159 swapcache_free(entry, NULL);
164 * Radix-tree node allocations from PF_MEMALLOC contexts could
165 * completely exhaust the page allocator. __GFP_NOMEMALLOC
166 * stops emergency reserves from being allocated.
168 * TODO: this could cause a theoretical memory reclaim
169 * deadlock in the swap out path.
172 * Add it to the swap cache and mark it dirty
174 err = add_to_swap_cache(page, entry,
175 __GFP_HIGH|__GFP_NOMEMALLOC|__GFP_NOWARN);
177 if (!err) { /* Success */
180 } else { /* -ENOMEM radix-tree allocation failure */
182 * add_to_swap_cache() doesn't return -EEXIST, so we can safely
183 * clear SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag.
185 swapcache_free(entry, NULL);
191 * This must be called only on pages that have
192 * been verified to be in the swap cache and locked.
193 * It will never put the page into the free list,
194 * the caller has a reference on the page.
196 void delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
200 entry.val = page_private(page);
202 spin_lock_irq(&swapper_space.tree_lock);
203 __delete_from_swap_cache(page);
204 spin_unlock_irq(&swapper_space.tree_lock);
206 swapcache_free(entry, page);
207 page_cache_release(page);
211 * If we are the only user, then try to free up the swap cache.
213 * Its ok to check for PageSwapCache without the page lock
214 * here because we are going to recheck again inside
215 * try_to_free_swap() _with_ the lock.
218 static inline void free_swap_cache(struct page *page)
220 if (PageSwapCache(page) && !page_mapped(page) && trylock_page(page)) {
221 try_to_free_swap(page);
227 * Perform a free_page(), also freeing any swap cache associated with
228 * this page if it is the last user of the page.
230 void free_page_and_swap_cache(struct page *page)
232 free_swap_cache(page);
233 page_cache_release(page);
237 * Passed an array of pages, drop them all from swapcache and then release
238 * them. They are removed from the LRU and freed if this is their last use.
240 void free_pages_and_swap_cache(struct page **pages, int nr)
242 struct page **pagep = pages;
246 int todo = min(nr, PAGEVEC_SIZE);
249 for (i = 0; i < todo; i++)
250 free_swap_cache(pagep[i]);
251 release_pages(pagep, todo, 0);
258 * Lookup a swap entry in the swap cache. A found page will be returned
259 * unlocked and with its refcount incremented - we rely on the kernel
260 * lock getting page table operations atomic even if we drop the page
261 * lock before returning.
263 struct page * lookup_swap_cache(swp_entry_t entry)
267 page = find_get_page(&swapper_space, entry.val);
270 INC_CACHE_INFO(find_success);
272 INC_CACHE_INFO(find_total);
277 * Locate a page of swap in physical memory, reserving swap cache space
278 * and reading the disk if it is not already cached.
279 * A failure return means that either the page allocation failed or that
280 * the swap entry is no longer in use.
282 struct page *read_swap_cache_async(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask,
283 struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
285 struct page *found_page, *new_page = NULL;
290 * First check the swap cache. Since this is normally
291 * called after lookup_swap_cache() failed, re-calling
292 * that would confuse statistics.
294 found_page = find_get_page(&swapper_space, entry.val);
299 * Get a new page to read into from swap.
302 new_page = alloc_page_vma(gfp_mask, vma, addr);
304 break; /* Out of memory */
308 * call radix_tree_preload() while we can wait.
310 err = radix_tree_preload(gfp_mask & GFP_KERNEL);
315 * Swap entry may have been freed since our caller observed it.
317 err = swapcache_prepare(entry);
318 if (err == -EEXIST) { /* seems racy */
319 radix_tree_preload_end();
322 if (err) { /* swp entry is obsolete ? */
323 radix_tree_preload_end();
327 /* May fail (-ENOMEM) if radix-tree node allocation failed. */
328 __set_page_locked(new_page);
329 SetPageSwapBacked(new_page);
330 err = __add_to_swap_cache(new_page, entry);
332 radix_tree_preload_end();
334 * Initiate read into locked page and return.
336 lru_cache_add_anon(new_page);
337 swap_readpage(new_page);
340 radix_tree_preload_end();
341 ClearPageSwapBacked(new_page);
342 __clear_page_locked(new_page);
344 * add_to_swap_cache() doesn't return -EEXIST, so we can safely
345 * clear SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag.
347 swapcache_free(entry, NULL);
348 } while (err != -ENOMEM);
351 page_cache_release(new_page);
356 * swapin_readahead - swap in pages in hope we need them soon
357 * @entry: swap entry of this memory
358 * @gfp_mask: memory allocation flags
359 * @vma: user vma this address belongs to
360 * @addr: target address for mempolicy
362 * Returns the struct page for entry and addr, after queueing swapin.
364 * Primitive swap readahead code. We simply read an aligned block of
365 * (1 << page_cluster) entries in the swap area. This method is chosen
366 * because it doesn't cost us any seek time. We also make sure to queue
367 * the 'original' request together with the readahead ones...
369 * This has been extended to use the NUMA policies from the mm triggering
372 * Caller must hold down_read on the vma->vm_mm if vma is not NULL.
374 struct page *swapin_readahead(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask,
375 struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
379 unsigned long offset;
380 unsigned long end_offset;
383 * Get starting offset for readaround, and number of pages to read.
384 * Adjust starting address by readbehind (for NUMA interleave case)?
385 * No, it's very unlikely that swap layout would follow vma layout,
386 * more likely that neighbouring swap pages came from the same node:
387 * so use the same "addr" to choose the same node for each swap read.
389 nr_pages = valid_swaphandles(entry, &offset);
390 for (end_offset = offset + nr_pages; offset < end_offset; offset++) {
391 /* Ok, do the async read-ahead now */
392 page = read_swap_cache_async(swp_entry(swp_type(entry), offset),
393 gfp_mask, vma, addr);
396 page_cache_release(page);
398 lru_add_drain(); /* Push any new pages onto the LRU now */
399 return read_swap_cache_async(entry, gfp_mask, vma, addr);