2 * linux/mm/swap_state.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds
5 * Swap reorganised 29.12.95, Stephen Tweedie
7 * Rewritten to use page cache, (C) 1998 Stephen Tweedie
10 #include <linux/gfp.h>
11 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/swapops.h>
14 #include <linux/init.h>
15 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
16 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
17 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
18 #include <linux/pagevec.h>
19 #include <linux/migrate.h>
20 #include <linux/page_cgroup.h>
22 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
25 * swapper_space is a fiction, retained to simplify the path through
26 * vmscan's shrink_page_list.
28 static const struct address_space_operations swap_aops = {
29 .writepage = swap_writepage,
30 .set_page_dirty = swap_set_page_dirty,
31 .migratepage = migrate_page,
34 static struct backing_dev_info swap_backing_dev_info = {
36 .capabilities = BDI_CAP_NO_ACCT_AND_WRITEBACK | BDI_CAP_SWAP_BACKED,
39 struct address_space swapper_space = {
40 .page_tree = RADIX_TREE_INIT(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN),
41 .tree_lock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(swapper_space.tree_lock),
43 .i_mmap_nonlinear = LIST_HEAD_INIT(swapper_space.i_mmap_nonlinear),
44 .backing_dev_info = &swap_backing_dev_info,
47 #define INC_CACHE_INFO(x) do { swap_cache_info.x++; } while (0)
50 unsigned long add_total;
51 unsigned long del_total;
52 unsigned long find_success;
53 unsigned long find_total;
56 void show_swap_cache_info(void)
58 printk("%lu pages in swap cache\n", total_swapcache_pages);
59 printk("Swap cache stats: add %lu, delete %lu, find %lu/%lu\n",
60 swap_cache_info.add_total, swap_cache_info.del_total,
61 swap_cache_info.find_success, swap_cache_info.find_total);
62 printk("Free swap = %ldkB\n", nr_swap_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10));
63 printk("Total swap = %lukB\n", total_swap_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10));
67 * __add_to_swap_cache resembles add_to_page_cache_locked on swapper_space,
68 * but sets SwapCache flag and private instead of mapping and index.
70 static int __add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
74 VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
75 VM_BUG_ON(PageSwapCache(page));
76 VM_BUG_ON(!PageSwapBacked(page));
79 SetPageSwapCache(page);
80 set_page_private(page, entry.val);
82 spin_lock_irq(&swapper_space.tree_lock);
83 error = radix_tree_insert(&swapper_space.page_tree, entry.val, page);
85 total_swapcache_pages++;
86 __inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PAGES);
87 INC_CACHE_INFO(add_total);
89 spin_unlock_irq(&swapper_space.tree_lock);
91 if (unlikely(error)) {
93 * Only the context which have set SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag
94 * would call add_to_swap_cache().
95 * So add_to_swap_cache() doesn't returns -EEXIST.
97 VM_BUG_ON(error == -EEXIST);
98 set_page_private(page, 0UL);
99 ClearPageSwapCache(page);
100 page_cache_release(page);
107 int add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask)
111 error = radix_tree_preload(gfp_mask);
113 error = __add_to_swap_cache(page, entry);
114 radix_tree_preload_end();
120 * This must be called only on pages that have
121 * been verified to be in the swap cache.
123 void __delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
125 VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
126 VM_BUG_ON(!PageSwapCache(page));
127 VM_BUG_ON(PageWriteback(page));
129 radix_tree_delete(&swapper_space.page_tree, page_private(page));
130 set_page_private(page, 0);
131 ClearPageSwapCache(page);
132 total_swapcache_pages--;
133 __dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PAGES);
134 INC_CACHE_INFO(del_total);
138 * add_to_swap - allocate swap space for a page
139 * @page: page we want to move to swap
141 * Allocate swap space for the page and add the page to the
142 * swap cache. Caller needs to hold the page lock.
144 int add_to_swap(struct page *page)
149 VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
150 VM_BUG_ON(!PageUptodate(page));
152 entry = get_swap_page();
156 if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)))
157 if (unlikely(split_huge_page(page))) {
158 swapcache_free(entry, NULL);
163 * Radix-tree node allocations from PF_MEMALLOC contexts could
164 * completely exhaust the page allocator. __GFP_NOMEMALLOC
165 * stops emergency reserves from being allocated.
167 * TODO: this could cause a theoretical memory reclaim
168 * deadlock in the swap out path.
171 * Add it to the swap cache and mark it dirty
173 err = add_to_swap_cache(page, entry,
174 __GFP_HIGH|__GFP_NOMEMALLOC|__GFP_NOWARN);
176 if (!err) { /* Success */
179 } else { /* -ENOMEM radix-tree allocation failure */
181 * add_to_swap_cache() doesn't return -EEXIST, so we can safely
182 * clear SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag.
184 swapcache_free(entry, NULL);
190 * This must be called only on pages that have
191 * been verified to be in the swap cache and locked.
192 * It will never put the page into the free list,
193 * the caller has a reference on the page.
195 void delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
199 entry.val = page_private(page);
201 spin_lock_irq(&swapper_space.tree_lock);
202 __delete_from_swap_cache(page);
203 spin_unlock_irq(&swapper_space.tree_lock);
205 swapcache_free(entry, page);
206 page_cache_release(page);
210 * If we are the only user, then try to free up the swap cache.
212 * Its ok to check for PageSwapCache without the page lock
213 * here because we are going to recheck again inside
214 * try_to_free_swap() _with_ the lock.
217 static inline void free_swap_cache(struct page *page)
219 if (PageSwapCache(page) && !page_mapped(page) && trylock_page(page)) {
220 try_to_free_swap(page);
226 * Perform a free_page(), also freeing any swap cache associated with
227 * this page if it is the last user of the page.
229 void free_page_and_swap_cache(struct page *page)
231 free_swap_cache(page);
232 page_cache_release(page);
236 * Passed an array of pages, drop them all from swapcache and then release
237 * them. They are removed from the LRU and freed if this is their last use.
239 void free_pages_and_swap_cache(struct page **pages, int nr)
241 struct page **pagep = pages;
245 int todo = min(nr, PAGEVEC_SIZE);
248 for (i = 0; i < todo; i++)
249 free_swap_cache(pagep[i]);
250 release_pages(pagep, todo, 0);
257 * Lookup a swap entry in the swap cache. A found page will be returned
258 * unlocked and with its refcount incremented - we rely on the kernel
259 * lock getting page table operations atomic even if we drop the page
260 * lock before returning.
262 struct page * lookup_swap_cache(swp_entry_t entry)
266 page = find_get_page(&swapper_space, entry.val);
269 INC_CACHE_INFO(find_success);
271 INC_CACHE_INFO(find_total);
276 * Locate a page of swap in physical memory, reserving swap cache space
277 * and reading the disk if it is not already cached.
278 * A failure return means that either the page allocation failed or that
279 * the swap entry is no longer in use.
281 struct page *read_swap_cache_async(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask,
282 struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
284 struct page *found_page, *new_page = NULL;
289 * First check the swap cache. Since this is normally
290 * called after lookup_swap_cache() failed, re-calling
291 * that would confuse statistics.
293 found_page = find_get_page(&swapper_space, entry.val);
298 * Get a new page to read into from swap.
301 new_page = alloc_page_vma(gfp_mask, vma, addr);
303 break; /* Out of memory */
307 * call radix_tree_preload() while we can wait.
309 err = radix_tree_preload(gfp_mask & GFP_KERNEL);
314 * Swap entry may have been freed since our caller observed it.
316 err = swapcache_prepare(entry);
317 if (err == -EEXIST) { /* seems racy */
318 radix_tree_preload_end();
321 if (err) { /* swp entry is obsolete ? */
322 radix_tree_preload_end();
326 /* May fail (-ENOMEM) if radix-tree node allocation failed. */
327 __set_page_locked(new_page);
328 SetPageSwapBacked(new_page);
329 err = __add_to_swap_cache(new_page, entry);
331 radix_tree_preload_end();
333 * Initiate read into locked page and return.
335 lru_cache_add_anon(new_page);
336 swap_readpage(new_page);
339 radix_tree_preload_end();
340 ClearPageSwapBacked(new_page);
341 __clear_page_locked(new_page);
343 * add_to_swap_cache() doesn't return -EEXIST, so we can safely
344 * clear SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag.
346 swapcache_free(entry, NULL);
347 } while (err != -ENOMEM);
350 page_cache_release(new_page);
355 * swapin_readahead - swap in pages in hope we need them soon
356 * @entry: swap entry of this memory
357 * @gfp_mask: memory allocation flags
358 * @vma: user vma this address belongs to
359 * @addr: target address for mempolicy
361 * Returns the struct page for entry and addr, after queueing swapin.
363 * Primitive swap readahead code. We simply read an aligned block of
364 * (1 << page_cluster) entries in the swap area. This method is chosen
365 * because it doesn't cost us any seek time. We also make sure to queue
366 * the 'original' request together with the readahead ones...
368 * This has been extended to use the NUMA policies from the mm triggering
371 * Caller must hold down_read on the vma->vm_mm if vma is not NULL.
373 struct page *swapin_readahead(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask,
374 struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
377 unsigned long offset = swp_offset(entry);
378 unsigned long start_offset, end_offset;
379 unsigned long mask = (1UL << page_cluster) - 1;
380 struct blk_plug plug;
382 /* Read a page_cluster sized and aligned cluster around offset. */
383 start_offset = offset & ~mask;
384 end_offset = offset | mask;
385 if (!start_offset) /* First page is swap header. */
388 blk_start_plug(&plug);
389 for (offset = start_offset; offset <= end_offset ; offset++) {
390 /* Ok, do the async read-ahead now */
391 page = read_swap_cache_async(swp_entry(swp_type(entry), offset),
392 gfp_mask, vma, addr);
395 page_cache_release(page);
397 blk_finish_plug(&plug);
399 lru_add_drain(); /* Push any new pages onto the LRU now */
400 return read_swap_cache_async(entry, gfp_mask, vma, addr);