1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
5 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds
9 * This file contains the default values for the operation of the
10 * Linux VM subsystem. Fine-tuning documentation can be found in
11 * Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.rst.
13 * Swap aging added 23.2.95, Stephen Tweedie.
14 * Buffermem limits added 12.3.98, Rik van Riel.
18 #include <linux/sched.h>
19 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
20 #include <linux/swap.h>
21 #include <linux/mman.h>
22 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
23 #include <linux/pagevec.h>
24 #include <linux/init.h>
25 #include <linux/export.h>
26 #include <linux/mm_inline.h>
27 #include <linux/percpu_counter.h>
28 #include <linux/memremap.h>
29 #include <linux/percpu.h>
30 #include <linux/cpu.h>
31 #include <linux/notifier.h>
32 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
33 #include <linux/memcontrol.h>
34 #include <linux/gfp.h>
35 #include <linux/uio.h>
36 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
37 #include <linux/page_idle.h>
38 #include <linux/local_lock.h>
39 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
43 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
44 #include <trace/events/pagemap.h>
46 /* How many pages do we try to swap or page in/out together? As a power of 2 */
48 const int page_cluster_max = 31;
50 /* Protecting only lru_rotate.fbatch which requires disabling interrupts */
53 struct folio_batch fbatch;
55 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct lru_rotate, lru_rotate) = {
56 .lock = INIT_LOCAL_LOCK(lock),
60 * The following folio batches are grouped together because they are protected
61 * by disabling preemption (and interrupts remain enabled).
65 struct folio_batch lru_add;
66 struct folio_batch lru_deactivate_file;
67 struct folio_batch lru_deactivate;
68 struct folio_batch lru_lazyfree;
70 struct folio_batch activate;
73 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpu_fbatches, cpu_fbatches) = {
74 .lock = INIT_LOCAL_LOCK(lock),
78 * This path almost never happens for VM activity - pages are normally freed
79 * via pagevecs. But it gets used by networking - and for compound pages.
81 static void __page_cache_release(struct folio *folio)
83 if (folio_test_lru(folio)) {
84 struct lruvec *lruvec;
87 lruvec = folio_lruvec_lock_irqsave(folio, &flags);
88 lruvec_del_folio(lruvec, folio);
89 __folio_clear_lru_flags(folio);
90 unlock_page_lruvec_irqrestore(lruvec, flags);
92 /* See comment on folio_test_mlocked in release_pages() */
93 if (unlikely(folio_test_mlocked(folio))) {
94 long nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);
96 __folio_clear_mlocked(folio);
97 zone_stat_mod_folio(folio, NR_MLOCK, -nr_pages);
98 count_vm_events(UNEVICTABLE_PGCLEARED, nr_pages);
102 static void __folio_put_small(struct folio *folio)
104 __page_cache_release(folio);
105 mem_cgroup_uncharge(folio);
106 free_unref_page(&folio->page, 0);
109 static void __folio_put_large(struct folio *folio)
112 * __page_cache_release() is supposed to be called for thp, not for
113 * hugetlb. This is because hugetlb page does never have PageLRU set
114 * (it's never listed to any LRU lists) and no memcg routines should
115 * be called for hugetlb (it has a separate hugetlb_cgroup.)
117 if (!folio_test_hugetlb(folio))
118 __page_cache_release(folio);
119 destroy_large_folio(folio);
122 void __folio_put(struct folio *folio)
124 if (unlikely(folio_is_zone_device(folio)))
125 free_zone_device_page(&folio->page);
126 else if (unlikely(folio_test_large(folio)))
127 __folio_put_large(folio);
129 __folio_put_small(folio);
131 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__folio_put);
134 * put_pages_list() - release a list of pages
135 * @pages: list of pages threaded on page->lru
137 * Release a list of pages which are strung together on page.lru.
139 void put_pages_list(struct list_head *pages)
141 struct folio *folio, *next;
143 list_for_each_entry_safe(folio, next, pages, lru) {
144 if (!folio_put_testzero(folio)) {
145 list_del(&folio->lru);
148 if (folio_test_large(folio)) {
149 list_del(&folio->lru);
150 __folio_put_large(folio);
153 /* LRU flag must be clear because it's passed using the lru */
156 free_unref_page_list(pages);
157 INIT_LIST_HEAD(pages);
159 EXPORT_SYMBOL(put_pages_list);
161 typedef void (*move_fn_t)(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio);
163 static void lru_add_fn(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio)
165 int was_unevictable = folio_test_clear_unevictable(folio);
166 long nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);
168 VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_lru(folio), folio);
171 * Is an smp_mb__after_atomic() still required here, before
172 * folio_evictable() tests the mlocked flag, to rule out the possibility
173 * of stranding an evictable folio on an unevictable LRU? I think
174 * not, because __munlock_folio() only clears the mlocked flag
175 * while the LRU lock is held.
177 * (That is not true of __page_cache_release(), and not necessarily
178 * true of release_pages(): but those only clear the mlocked flag after
179 * folio_put_testzero() has excluded any other users of the folio.)
181 if (folio_evictable(folio)) {
183 __count_vm_events(UNEVICTABLE_PGRESCUED, nr_pages);
185 folio_clear_active(folio);
186 folio_set_unevictable(folio);
188 * folio->mlock_count = !!folio_test_mlocked(folio)?
189 * But that leaves __mlock_folio() in doubt whether another
190 * actor has already counted the mlock or not. Err on the
191 * safe side, underestimate, let page reclaim fix it, rather
192 * than leaving a page on the unevictable LRU indefinitely.
194 folio->mlock_count = 0;
195 if (!was_unevictable)
196 __count_vm_events(UNEVICTABLE_PGCULLED, nr_pages);
199 lruvec_add_folio(lruvec, folio);
200 trace_mm_lru_insertion(folio);
203 static void folio_batch_move_lru(struct folio_batch *fbatch, move_fn_t move_fn)
206 struct lruvec *lruvec = NULL;
207 unsigned long flags = 0;
209 for (i = 0; i < folio_batch_count(fbatch); i++) {
210 struct folio *folio = fbatch->folios[i];
212 /* block memcg migration while the folio moves between lru */
213 if (move_fn != lru_add_fn && !folio_test_clear_lru(folio))
216 lruvec = folio_lruvec_relock_irqsave(folio, lruvec, &flags);
217 move_fn(lruvec, folio);
219 folio_set_lru(folio);
223 unlock_page_lruvec_irqrestore(lruvec, flags);
224 folios_put(fbatch->folios, folio_batch_count(fbatch));
225 folio_batch_init(fbatch);
228 static void folio_batch_add_and_move(struct folio_batch *fbatch,
229 struct folio *folio, move_fn_t move_fn)
231 if (folio_batch_add(fbatch, folio) && !folio_test_large(folio) &&
232 !lru_cache_disabled())
234 folio_batch_move_lru(fbatch, move_fn);
237 static void lru_move_tail_fn(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio)
239 if (!folio_test_unevictable(folio)) {
240 lruvec_del_folio(lruvec, folio);
241 folio_clear_active(folio);
242 lruvec_add_folio_tail(lruvec, folio);
243 __count_vm_events(PGROTATED, folio_nr_pages(folio));
248 * Writeback is about to end against a folio which has been marked for
249 * immediate reclaim. If it still appears to be reclaimable, move it
250 * to the tail of the inactive list.
252 * folio_rotate_reclaimable() must disable IRQs, to prevent nasty races.
254 void folio_rotate_reclaimable(struct folio *folio)
256 if (!folio_test_locked(folio) && !folio_test_dirty(folio) &&
257 !folio_test_unevictable(folio) && folio_test_lru(folio)) {
258 struct folio_batch *fbatch;
262 local_lock_irqsave(&lru_rotate.lock, flags);
263 fbatch = this_cpu_ptr(&lru_rotate.fbatch);
264 folio_batch_add_and_move(fbatch, folio, lru_move_tail_fn);
265 local_unlock_irqrestore(&lru_rotate.lock, flags);
269 void lru_note_cost(struct lruvec *lruvec, bool file,
270 unsigned int nr_io, unsigned int nr_rotated)
275 * Reflect the relative cost of incurring IO and spending CPU
276 * time on rotations. This doesn't attempt to make a precise
277 * comparison, it just says: if reloads are about comparable
278 * between the LRU lists, or rotations are overwhelmingly
279 * different between them, adjust scan balance for CPU work.
281 cost = nr_io * SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX + nr_rotated;
284 unsigned long lrusize;
287 * Hold lruvec->lru_lock is safe here, since
288 * 1) The pinned lruvec in reclaim, or
289 * 2) From a pre-LRU page during refault (which also holds the
290 * rcu lock, so would be safe even if the page was on the LRU
291 * and could move simultaneously to a new lruvec).
293 spin_lock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock);
294 /* Record cost event */
296 lruvec->file_cost += cost;
298 lruvec->anon_cost += cost;
301 * Decay previous events
303 * Because workloads change over time (and to avoid
304 * overflow) we keep these statistics as a floating
305 * average, which ends up weighing recent refaults
306 * more than old ones.
308 lrusize = lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_INACTIVE_ANON) +
309 lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_ACTIVE_ANON) +
310 lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_INACTIVE_FILE) +
311 lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_ACTIVE_FILE);
313 if (lruvec->file_cost + lruvec->anon_cost > lrusize / 4) {
314 lruvec->file_cost /= 2;
315 lruvec->anon_cost /= 2;
317 spin_unlock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock);
318 } while ((lruvec = parent_lruvec(lruvec)));
321 void lru_note_cost_refault(struct folio *folio)
323 lru_note_cost(folio_lruvec(folio), folio_is_file_lru(folio),
324 folio_nr_pages(folio), 0);
327 static void folio_activate_fn(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio)
329 if (!folio_test_active(folio) && !folio_test_unevictable(folio)) {
330 long nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);
332 lruvec_del_folio(lruvec, folio);
333 folio_set_active(folio);
334 lruvec_add_folio(lruvec, folio);
335 trace_mm_lru_activate(folio);
337 __count_vm_events(PGACTIVATE, nr_pages);
338 __count_memcg_events(lruvec_memcg(lruvec), PGACTIVATE,
344 static void folio_activate_drain(int cpu)
346 struct folio_batch *fbatch = &per_cpu(cpu_fbatches.activate, cpu);
348 if (folio_batch_count(fbatch))
349 folio_batch_move_lru(fbatch, folio_activate_fn);
352 void folio_activate(struct folio *folio)
354 if (folio_test_lru(folio) && !folio_test_active(folio) &&
355 !folio_test_unevictable(folio)) {
356 struct folio_batch *fbatch;
359 local_lock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
360 fbatch = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_fbatches.activate);
361 folio_batch_add_and_move(fbatch, folio, folio_activate_fn);
362 local_unlock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
367 static inline void folio_activate_drain(int cpu)
371 void folio_activate(struct folio *folio)
373 struct lruvec *lruvec;
375 if (folio_test_clear_lru(folio)) {
376 lruvec = folio_lruvec_lock_irq(folio);
377 folio_activate_fn(lruvec, folio);
378 unlock_page_lruvec_irq(lruvec);
379 folio_set_lru(folio);
384 static void __lru_cache_activate_folio(struct folio *folio)
386 struct folio_batch *fbatch;
389 local_lock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
390 fbatch = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_fbatches.lru_add);
393 * Search backwards on the optimistic assumption that the folio being
394 * activated has just been added to this batch. Note that only
395 * the local batch is examined as a !LRU folio could be in the
396 * process of being released, reclaimed, migrated or on a remote
397 * batch that is currently being drained. Furthermore, marking
398 * a remote batch's folio active potentially hits a race where
399 * a folio is marked active just after it is added to the inactive
400 * list causing accounting errors and BUG_ON checks to trigger.
402 for (i = folio_batch_count(fbatch) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
403 struct folio *batch_folio = fbatch->folios[i];
405 if (batch_folio == folio) {
406 folio_set_active(folio);
411 local_unlock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
414 #ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN
415 static void folio_inc_refs(struct folio *folio)
417 unsigned long new_flags, old_flags = READ_ONCE(folio->flags);
419 if (folio_test_unevictable(folio))
422 if (!folio_test_referenced(folio)) {
423 folio_set_referenced(folio);
427 if (!folio_test_workingset(folio)) {
428 folio_set_workingset(folio);
432 /* see the comment on MAX_NR_TIERS */
434 new_flags = old_flags & LRU_REFS_MASK;
435 if (new_flags == LRU_REFS_MASK)
438 new_flags += BIT(LRU_REFS_PGOFF);
439 new_flags |= old_flags & ~LRU_REFS_MASK;
440 } while (!try_cmpxchg(&folio->flags, &old_flags, new_flags));
443 static void folio_inc_refs(struct folio *folio)
446 #endif /* CONFIG_LRU_GEN */
449 * Mark a page as having seen activity.
451 * inactive,unreferenced -> inactive,referenced
452 * inactive,referenced -> active,unreferenced
453 * active,unreferenced -> active,referenced
455 * When a newly allocated page is not yet visible, so safe for non-atomic ops,
456 * __SetPageReferenced(page) may be substituted for mark_page_accessed(page).
458 void folio_mark_accessed(struct folio *folio)
460 if (lru_gen_enabled()) {
461 folio_inc_refs(folio);
465 if (!folio_test_referenced(folio)) {
466 folio_set_referenced(folio);
467 } else if (folio_test_unevictable(folio)) {
469 * Unevictable pages are on the "LRU_UNEVICTABLE" list. But,
470 * this list is never rotated or maintained, so marking an
471 * unevictable page accessed has no effect.
473 } else if (!folio_test_active(folio)) {
475 * If the folio is on the LRU, queue it for activation via
476 * cpu_fbatches.activate. Otherwise, assume the folio is in a
477 * folio_batch, mark it active and it'll be moved to the active
478 * LRU on the next drain.
480 if (folio_test_lru(folio))
481 folio_activate(folio);
483 __lru_cache_activate_folio(folio);
484 folio_clear_referenced(folio);
485 workingset_activation(folio);
487 if (folio_test_idle(folio))
488 folio_clear_idle(folio);
490 EXPORT_SYMBOL(folio_mark_accessed);
493 * folio_add_lru - Add a folio to an LRU list.
494 * @folio: The folio to be added to the LRU.
496 * Queue the folio for addition to the LRU. The decision on whether
497 * to add the page to the [in]active [file|anon] list is deferred until the
498 * folio_batch is drained. This gives a chance for the caller of folio_add_lru()
499 * have the folio added to the active list using folio_mark_accessed().
501 void folio_add_lru(struct folio *folio)
503 struct folio_batch *fbatch;
505 VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_active(folio) &&
506 folio_test_unevictable(folio), folio);
507 VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_lru(folio), folio);
509 /* see the comment in lru_gen_add_folio() */
510 if (lru_gen_enabled() && !folio_test_unevictable(folio) &&
511 lru_gen_in_fault() && !(current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC))
512 folio_set_active(folio);
515 local_lock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
516 fbatch = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_fbatches.lru_add);
517 folio_batch_add_and_move(fbatch, folio, lru_add_fn);
518 local_unlock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
520 EXPORT_SYMBOL(folio_add_lru);
523 * folio_add_lru_vma() - Add a folio to the appropate LRU list for this VMA.
524 * @folio: The folio to be added to the LRU.
525 * @vma: VMA in which the folio is mapped.
527 * If the VMA is mlocked, @folio is added to the unevictable list.
528 * Otherwise, it is treated the same way as folio_add_lru().
530 void folio_add_lru_vma(struct folio *folio, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
532 VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_lru(folio), folio);
534 if (unlikely((vma->vm_flags & (VM_LOCKED | VM_SPECIAL)) == VM_LOCKED))
535 mlock_new_folio(folio);
537 folio_add_lru(folio);
541 * If the folio cannot be invalidated, it is moved to the
542 * inactive list to speed up its reclaim. It is moved to the
543 * head of the list, rather than the tail, to give the flusher
544 * threads some time to write it out, as this is much more
545 * effective than the single-page writeout from reclaim.
547 * If the folio isn't mapped and dirty/writeback, the folio
548 * could be reclaimed asap using the reclaim flag.
550 * 1. active, mapped folio -> none
551 * 2. active, dirty/writeback folio -> inactive, head, reclaim
552 * 3. inactive, mapped folio -> none
553 * 4. inactive, dirty/writeback folio -> inactive, head, reclaim
554 * 5. inactive, clean -> inactive, tail
557 * In 4, it moves to the head of the inactive list so the folio is
558 * written out by flusher threads as this is much more efficient
559 * than the single-page writeout from reclaim.
561 static void lru_deactivate_file_fn(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio)
563 bool active = folio_test_active(folio);
564 long nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);
566 if (folio_test_unevictable(folio))
569 /* Some processes are using the folio */
570 if (folio_mapped(folio))
573 lruvec_del_folio(lruvec, folio);
574 folio_clear_active(folio);
575 folio_clear_referenced(folio);
577 if (folio_test_writeback(folio) || folio_test_dirty(folio)) {
579 * Setting the reclaim flag could race with
580 * folio_end_writeback() and confuse readahead. But the
581 * race window is _really_ small and it's not a critical
584 lruvec_add_folio(lruvec, folio);
585 folio_set_reclaim(folio);
588 * The folio's writeback ended while it was in the batch.
589 * We move that folio to the tail of the inactive list.
591 lruvec_add_folio_tail(lruvec, folio);
592 __count_vm_events(PGROTATED, nr_pages);
596 __count_vm_events(PGDEACTIVATE, nr_pages);
597 __count_memcg_events(lruvec_memcg(lruvec), PGDEACTIVATE,
602 static void lru_deactivate_fn(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio)
604 if (!folio_test_unevictable(folio) && (folio_test_active(folio) || lru_gen_enabled())) {
605 long nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);
607 lruvec_del_folio(lruvec, folio);
608 folio_clear_active(folio);
609 folio_clear_referenced(folio);
610 lruvec_add_folio(lruvec, folio);
612 __count_vm_events(PGDEACTIVATE, nr_pages);
613 __count_memcg_events(lruvec_memcg(lruvec), PGDEACTIVATE,
618 static void lru_lazyfree_fn(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio)
620 if (folio_test_anon(folio) && folio_test_swapbacked(folio) &&
621 !folio_test_swapcache(folio) && !folio_test_unevictable(folio)) {
622 long nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);
624 lruvec_del_folio(lruvec, folio);
625 folio_clear_active(folio);
626 folio_clear_referenced(folio);
628 * Lazyfree folios are clean anonymous folios. They have
629 * the swapbacked flag cleared, to distinguish them from normal
632 folio_clear_swapbacked(folio);
633 lruvec_add_folio(lruvec, folio);
635 __count_vm_events(PGLAZYFREE, nr_pages);
636 __count_memcg_events(lruvec_memcg(lruvec), PGLAZYFREE,
642 * Drain pages out of the cpu's folio_batch.
643 * Either "cpu" is the current CPU, and preemption has already been
644 * disabled; or "cpu" is being hot-unplugged, and is already dead.
646 void lru_add_drain_cpu(int cpu)
648 struct cpu_fbatches *fbatches = &per_cpu(cpu_fbatches, cpu);
649 struct folio_batch *fbatch = &fbatches->lru_add;
651 if (folio_batch_count(fbatch))
652 folio_batch_move_lru(fbatch, lru_add_fn);
654 fbatch = &per_cpu(lru_rotate.fbatch, cpu);
655 /* Disabling interrupts below acts as a compiler barrier. */
656 if (data_race(folio_batch_count(fbatch))) {
659 /* No harm done if a racing interrupt already did this */
660 local_lock_irqsave(&lru_rotate.lock, flags);
661 folio_batch_move_lru(fbatch, lru_move_tail_fn);
662 local_unlock_irqrestore(&lru_rotate.lock, flags);
665 fbatch = &fbatches->lru_deactivate_file;
666 if (folio_batch_count(fbatch))
667 folio_batch_move_lru(fbatch, lru_deactivate_file_fn);
669 fbatch = &fbatches->lru_deactivate;
670 if (folio_batch_count(fbatch))
671 folio_batch_move_lru(fbatch, lru_deactivate_fn);
673 fbatch = &fbatches->lru_lazyfree;
674 if (folio_batch_count(fbatch))
675 folio_batch_move_lru(fbatch, lru_lazyfree_fn);
677 folio_activate_drain(cpu);
681 * deactivate_file_folio() - Deactivate a file folio.
682 * @folio: Folio to deactivate.
684 * This function hints to the VM that @folio is a good reclaim candidate,
685 * for example if its invalidation fails due to the folio being dirty
686 * or under writeback.
688 * Context: Caller holds a reference on the folio.
690 void deactivate_file_folio(struct folio *folio)
692 struct folio_batch *fbatch;
694 /* Deactivating an unevictable folio will not accelerate reclaim */
695 if (folio_test_unevictable(folio))
699 local_lock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
700 fbatch = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_fbatches.lru_deactivate_file);
701 folio_batch_add_and_move(fbatch, folio, lru_deactivate_file_fn);
702 local_unlock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
706 * folio_deactivate - deactivate a folio
707 * @folio: folio to deactivate
709 * folio_deactivate() moves @folio to the inactive list if @folio was on the
710 * active list and was not unevictable. This is done to accelerate the
713 void folio_deactivate(struct folio *folio)
715 if (folio_test_lru(folio) && !folio_test_unevictable(folio) &&
716 (folio_test_active(folio) || lru_gen_enabled())) {
717 struct folio_batch *fbatch;
720 local_lock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
721 fbatch = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_fbatches.lru_deactivate);
722 folio_batch_add_and_move(fbatch, folio, lru_deactivate_fn);
723 local_unlock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
728 * folio_mark_lazyfree - make an anon folio lazyfree
729 * @folio: folio to deactivate
731 * folio_mark_lazyfree() moves @folio to the inactive file list.
732 * This is done to accelerate the reclaim of @folio.
734 void folio_mark_lazyfree(struct folio *folio)
736 if (folio_test_lru(folio) && folio_test_anon(folio) &&
737 folio_test_swapbacked(folio) && !folio_test_swapcache(folio) &&
738 !folio_test_unevictable(folio)) {
739 struct folio_batch *fbatch;
742 local_lock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
743 fbatch = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_fbatches.lru_lazyfree);
744 folio_batch_add_and_move(fbatch, folio, lru_lazyfree_fn);
745 local_unlock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
749 void lru_add_drain(void)
751 local_lock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
752 lru_add_drain_cpu(smp_processor_id());
753 local_unlock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
758 * It's called from per-cpu workqueue context in SMP case so
759 * lru_add_drain_cpu and invalidate_bh_lrus_cpu should run on
760 * the same cpu. It shouldn't be a problem in !SMP case since
761 * the core is only one and the locks will disable preemption.
763 static void lru_add_and_bh_lrus_drain(void)
765 local_lock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
766 lru_add_drain_cpu(smp_processor_id());
767 local_unlock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
768 invalidate_bh_lrus_cpu();
772 void lru_add_drain_cpu_zone(struct zone *zone)
774 local_lock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
775 lru_add_drain_cpu(smp_processor_id());
776 drain_local_pages(zone);
777 local_unlock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
783 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct work_struct, lru_add_drain_work);
785 static void lru_add_drain_per_cpu(struct work_struct *dummy)
787 lru_add_and_bh_lrus_drain();
790 static bool cpu_needs_drain(unsigned int cpu)
792 struct cpu_fbatches *fbatches = &per_cpu(cpu_fbatches, cpu);
794 /* Check these in order of likelihood that they're not zero */
795 return folio_batch_count(&fbatches->lru_add) ||
796 data_race(folio_batch_count(&per_cpu(lru_rotate.fbatch, cpu))) ||
797 folio_batch_count(&fbatches->lru_deactivate_file) ||
798 folio_batch_count(&fbatches->lru_deactivate) ||
799 folio_batch_count(&fbatches->lru_lazyfree) ||
800 folio_batch_count(&fbatches->activate) ||
801 need_mlock_drain(cpu) ||
802 has_bh_in_lru(cpu, NULL);
806 * Doesn't need any cpu hotplug locking because we do rely on per-cpu
807 * kworkers being shut down before our page_alloc_cpu_dead callback is
808 * executed on the offlined cpu.
809 * Calling this function with cpu hotplug locks held can actually lead
810 * to obscure indirect dependencies via WQ context.
812 static inline void __lru_add_drain_all(bool force_all_cpus)
815 * lru_drain_gen - Global pages generation number
817 * (A) Definition: global lru_drain_gen = x implies that all generations
818 * 0 < n <= x are already *scheduled* for draining.
820 * This is an optimization for the highly-contended use case where a
821 * user space workload keeps constantly generating a flow of pages for
824 static unsigned int lru_drain_gen;
825 static struct cpumask has_work;
826 static DEFINE_MUTEX(lock);
827 unsigned cpu, this_gen;
830 * Make sure nobody triggers this path before mm_percpu_wq is fully
833 if (WARN_ON(!mm_percpu_wq))
837 * Guarantee folio_batch counter stores visible by this CPU
838 * are visible to other CPUs before loading the current drain
844 * (B) Locally cache global LRU draining generation number
846 * The read barrier ensures that the counter is loaded before the mutex
847 * is taken. It pairs with smp_mb() inside the mutex critical section
850 this_gen = smp_load_acquire(&lru_drain_gen);
855 * (C) Exit the draining operation if a newer generation, from another
856 * lru_add_drain_all(), was already scheduled for draining. Check (A).
858 if (unlikely(this_gen != lru_drain_gen && !force_all_cpus))
862 * (D) Increment global generation number
864 * Pairs with smp_load_acquire() at (B), outside of the critical
865 * section. Use a full memory barrier to guarantee that the
866 * new global drain generation number is stored before loading
867 * folio_batch counters.
869 * This pairing must be done here, before the for_each_online_cpu loop
870 * below which drains the page vectors.
872 * Let x, y, and z represent some system CPU numbers, where x < y < z.
873 * Assume CPU #z is in the middle of the for_each_online_cpu loop
874 * below and has already reached CPU #y's per-cpu data. CPU #x comes
875 * along, adds some pages to its per-cpu vectors, then calls
876 * lru_add_drain_all().
878 * If the paired barrier is done at any later step, e.g. after the
879 * loop, CPU #x will just exit at (C) and miss flushing out all of its
882 WRITE_ONCE(lru_drain_gen, lru_drain_gen + 1);
885 cpumask_clear(&has_work);
886 for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
887 struct work_struct *work = &per_cpu(lru_add_drain_work, cpu);
889 if (cpu_needs_drain(cpu)) {
890 INIT_WORK(work, lru_add_drain_per_cpu);
891 queue_work_on(cpu, mm_percpu_wq, work);
892 __cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, &has_work);
896 for_each_cpu(cpu, &has_work)
897 flush_work(&per_cpu(lru_add_drain_work, cpu));
903 void lru_add_drain_all(void)
905 __lru_add_drain_all(false);
908 void lru_add_drain_all(void)
912 #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
914 atomic_t lru_disable_count = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
917 * lru_cache_disable() needs to be called before we start compiling
918 * a list of pages to be migrated using isolate_lru_page().
919 * It drains pages on LRU cache and then disable on all cpus until
920 * lru_cache_enable is called.
922 * Must be paired with a call to lru_cache_enable().
924 void lru_cache_disable(void)
926 atomic_inc(&lru_disable_count);
928 * Readers of lru_disable_count are protected by either disabling
929 * preemption or rcu_read_lock:
931 * preempt_disable, local_irq_disable [bh_lru_lock()]
932 * rcu_read_lock [rt_spin_lock CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT]
933 * preempt_disable [local_lock !CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT]
935 * Since v5.1 kernel, synchronize_rcu() is guaranteed to wait on
936 * preempt_disable() regions of code. So any CPU which sees
937 * lru_disable_count = 0 will have exited the critical
938 * section when synchronize_rcu() returns.
940 synchronize_rcu_expedited();
942 __lru_add_drain_all(true);
944 lru_add_and_bh_lrus_drain();
949 * release_pages - batched put_page()
950 * @arg: array of pages to release
951 * @nr: number of pages
953 * Decrement the reference count on all the pages in @arg. If it
954 * fell to zero, remove the page from the LRU and free it.
956 * Note that the argument can be an array of pages, encoded pages,
957 * or folio pointers. We ignore any encoded bits, and turn any of
958 * them into just a folio that gets free'd.
960 void release_pages(release_pages_arg arg, int nr)
963 struct encoded_page **encoded = arg.encoded_pages;
964 LIST_HEAD(pages_to_free);
965 struct lruvec *lruvec = NULL;
966 unsigned long flags = 0;
967 unsigned int lock_batch;
969 for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
972 /* Turn any of the argument types into a folio */
973 folio = page_folio(encoded_page_ptr(encoded[i]));
976 * Make sure the IRQ-safe lock-holding time does not get
977 * excessive with a continuous string of pages from the
978 * same lruvec. The lock is held only if lruvec != NULL.
980 if (lruvec && ++lock_batch == SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX) {
981 unlock_page_lruvec_irqrestore(lruvec, flags);
985 if (is_huge_zero_page(&folio->page))
988 if (folio_is_zone_device(folio)) {
990 unlock_page_lruvec_irqrestore(lruvec, flags);
993 if (put_devmap_managed_page(&folio->page))
995 if (folio_put_testzero(folio))
996 free_zone_device_page(&folio->page);
1000 if (!folio_put_testzero(folio))
1003 if (folio_test_large(folio)) {
1005 unlock_page_lruvec_irqrestore(lruvec, flags);
1008 __folio_put_large(folio);
1012 if (folio_test_lru(folio)) {
1013 struct lruvec *prev_lruvec = lruvec;
1015 lruvec = folio_lruvec_relock_irqsave(folio, lruvec,
1017 if (prev_lruvec != lruvec)
1020 lruvec_del_folio(lruvec, folio);
1021 __folio_clear_lru_flags(folio);
1025 * In rare cases, when truncation or holepunching raced with
1026 * munlock after VM_LOCKED was cleared, Mlocked may still be
1027 * found set here. This does not indicate a problem, unless
1028 * "unevictable_pgs_cleared" appears worryingly large.
1030 if (unlikely(folio_test_mlocked(folio))) {
1031 __folio_clear_mlocked(folio);
1032 zone_stat_sub_folio(folio, NR_MLOCK);
1033 count_vm_event(UNEVICTABLE_PGCLEARED);
1036 list_add(&folio->lru, &pages_to_free);
1039 unlock_page_lruvec_irqrestore(lruvec, flags);
1041 mem_cgroup_uncharge_list(&pages_to_free);
1042 free_unref_page_list(&pages_to_free);
1044 EXPORT_SYMBOL(release_pages);
1047 * The pages which we're about to release may be in the deferred lru-addition
1048 * queues. That would prevent them from really being freed right now. That's
1049 * OK from a correctness point of view but is inefficient - those pages may be
1050 * cache-warm and we want to give them back to the page allocator ASAP.
1052 * So __pagevec_release() will drain those queues here.
1053 * folio_batch_move_lru() calls folios_put() directly to avoid
1056 void __pagevec_release(struct pagevec *pvec)
1058 if (!pvec->percpu_pvec_drained) {
1060 pvec->percpu_pvec_drained = true;
1062 release_pages(pvec->pages, pagevec_count(pvec));
1063 pagevec_reinit(pvec);
1065 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__pagevec_release);
1068 * folio_batch_remove_exceptionals() - Prune non-folios from a batch.
1069 * @fbatch: The batch to prune
1071 * find_get_entries() fills a batch with both folios and shadow/swap/DAX
1072 * entries. This function prunes all the non-folio entries from @fbatch
1073 * without leaving holes, so that it can be passed on to folio-only batch
1076 void folio_batch_remove_exceptionals(struct folio_batch *fbatch)
1080 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < folio_batch_count(fbatch); i++) {
1081 struct folio *folio = fbatch->folios[i];
1082 if (!xa_is_value(folio))
1083 fbatch->folios[j++] = folio;
1089 * Perform any setup for the swap system
1091 void __init swap_setup(void)
1093 unsigned long megs = totalram_pages() >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT);
1095 /* Use a smaller cluster for small-memory machines */
1101 * Right now other parts of the system means that we
1102 * _really_ don't want to cluster much more