3 * Written by Mark Hemment, 1996/97.
4 * (markhe@nextd.demon.co.uk)
6 * kmem_cache_destroy() + some cleanup - 1999 Andrea Arcangeli
8 * Major cleanup, different bufctl logic, per-cpu arrays
9 * (c) 2000 Manfred Spraul
11 * Cleanup, make the head arrays unconditional, preparation for NUMA
12 * (c) 2002 Manfred Spraul
14 * An implementation of the Slab Allocator as described in outline in;
15 * UNIX Internals: The New Frontiers by Uresh Vahalia
16 * Pub: Prentice Hall ISBN 0-13-101908-2
17 * or with a little more detail in;
18 * The Slab Allocator: An Object-Caching Kernel Memory Allocator
19 * Jeff Bonwick (Sun Microsystems).
20 * Presented at: USENIX Summer 1994 Technical Conference
22 * The memory is organized in caches, one cache for each object type.
23 * (e.g. inode_cache, dentry_cache, buffer_head, vm_area_struct)
24 * Each cache consists out of many slabs (they are small (usually one
25 * page long) and always contiguous), and each slab contains multiple
26 * initialized objects.
28 * This means, that your constructor is used only for newly allocated
29 * slabs and you must pass objects with the same initializations to
32 * Each cache can only support one memory type (GFP_DMA, GFP_HIGHMEM,
33 * normal). If you need a special memory type, then must create a new
34 * cache for that memory type.
36 * In order to reduce fragmentation, the slabs are sorted in 3 groups:
37 * full slabs with 0 free objects
39 * empty slabs with no allocated objects
41 * If partial slabs exist, then new allocations come from these slabs,
42 * otherwise from empty slabs or new slabs are allocated.
44 * kmem_cache_destroy() CAN CRASH if you try to allocate from the cache
45 * during kmem_cache_destroy(). The caller must prevent concurrent allocs.
47 * Each cache has a short per-cpu head array, most allocs
48 * and frees go into that array, and if that array overflows, then 1/2
49 * of the entries in the array are given back into the global cache.
50 * The head array is strictly LIFO and should improve the cache hit rates.
51 * On SMP, it additionally reduces the spinlock operations.
53 * The c_cpuarray may not be read with enabled local interrupts -
54 * it's changed with a smp_call_function().
56 * SMP synchronization:
57 * constructors and destructors are called without any locking.
58 * Several members in struct kmem_cache and struct slab never change, they
59 * are accessed without any locking.
60 * The per-cpu arrays are never accessed from the wrong cpu, no locking,
61 * and local interrupts are disabled so slab code is preempt-safe.
62 * The non-constant members are protected with a per-cache irq spinlock.
64 * Many thanks to Mark Hemment, who wrote another per-cpu slab patch
65 * in 2000 - many ideas in the current implementation are derived from
68 * Further notes from the original documentation:
70 * 11 April '97. Started multi-threading - markhe
71 * The global cache-chain is protected by the mutex 'slab_mutex'.
72 * The sem is only needed when accessing/extending the cache-chain, which
73 * can never happen inside an interrupt (kmem_cache_create(),
74 * kmem_cache_shrink() and kmem_cache_reap()).
76 * At present, each engine can be growing a cache. This should be blocked.
78 * 15 March 2005. NUMA slab allocator.
79 * Shai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>.
80 * Shobhit Dayal <shobhit@calsoftinc.com>
81 * Alok N Kataria <alokk@calsoftinc.com>
82 * Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
84 * Modified the slab allocator to be node aware on NUMA systems.
85 * Each node has its own list of partial, free and full slabs.
86 * All object allocations for a node occur from node specific slab lists.
89 #include <linux/slab.h>
92 #include <linux/poison.h>
93 #include <linux/swap.h>
94 #include <linux/cache.h>
95 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
96 #include <linux/init.h>
97 #include <linux/compiler.h>
98 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
99 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
100 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
101 #include <linux/notifier.h>
102 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
103 #include <linux/cpu.h>
104 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
105 #include <linux/module.h>
106 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
107 #include <linux/string.h>
108 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
109 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
110 #include <linux/kmemleak.h>
111 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
112 #include <linux/mutex.h>
113 #include <linux/fault-inject.h>
114 #include <linux/rtmutex.h>
115 #include <linux/reciprocal_div.h>
116 #include <linux/debugobjects.h>
117 #include <linux/kmemcheck.h>
118 #include <linux/memory.h>
119 #include <linux/prefetch.h>
121 #include <net/sock.h>
123 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
124 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
125 #include <asm/page.h>
127 #include <trace/events/kmem.h>
129 #include "internal.h"
132 * DEBUG - 1 for kmem_cache_create() to honour; SLAB_RED_ZONE & SLAB_POISON.
133 * 0 for faster, smaller code (especially in the critical paths).
135 * STATS - 1 to collect stats for /proc/slabinfo.
136 * 0 for faster, smaller code (especially in the critical paths).
138 * FORCED_DEBUG - 1 enables SLAB_RED_ZONE and SLAB_POISON (if possible)
141 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB
144 #define FORCED_DEBUG 1
148 #define FORCED_DEBUG 0
151 /* Shouldn't this be in a header file somewhere? */
152 #define BYTES_PER_WORD sizeof(void *)
153 #define REDZONE_ALIGN max(BYTES_PER_WORD, __alignof__(unsigned long long))
155 #ifndef ARCH_KMALLOC_FLAGS
156 #define ARCH_KMALLOC_FLAGS SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN
160 * true if a page was allocated from pfmemalloc reserves for network-based
163 static bool pfmemalloc_active __read_mostly;
165 /* Legal flag mask for kmem_cache_create(). */
167 # define CREATE_MASK (SLAB_RED_ZONE | \
168 SLAB_POISON | SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN | \
171 SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT | SLAB_PANIC | \
172 SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU | SLAB_MEM_SPREAD | \
173 SLAB_DEBUG_OBJECTS | SLAB_NOLEAKTRACE | SLAB_NOTRACK)
175 # define CREATE_MASK (SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN | \
177 SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT | SLAB_PANIC | \
178 SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU | SLAB_MEM_SPREAD | \
179 SLAB_DEBUG_OBJECTS | SLAB_NOLEAKTRACE | SLAB_NOTRACK)
185 * Bufctl's are used for linking objs within a slab
188 * This implementation relies on "struct page" for locating the cache &
189 * slab an object belongs to.
190 * This allows the bufctl structure to be small (one int), but limits
191 * the number of objects a slab (not a cache) can contain when off-slab
192 * bufctls are used. The limit is the size of the largest general cache
193 * that does not use off-slab slabs.
194 * For 32bit archs with 4 kB pages, is this 56.
195 * This is not serious, as it is only for large objects, when it is unwise
196 * to have too many per slab.
197 * Note: This limit can be raised by introducing a general cache whose size
198 * is less than 512 (PAGE_SIZE<<3), but greater than 256.
201 typedef unsigned int kmem_bufctl_t;
202 #define BUFCTL_END (((kmem_bufctl_t)(~0U))-0)
203 #define BUFCTL_FREE (((kmem_bufctl_t)(~0U))-1)
204 #define BUFCTL_ACTIVE (((kmem_bufctl_t)(~0U))-2)
205 #define SLAB_LIMIT (((kmem_bufctl_t)(~0U))-3)
210 * slab_destroy on a SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU cache uses this structure to
211 * arrange for kmem_freepages to be called via RCU. This is useful if
212 * we need to approach a kernel structure obliquely, from its address
213 * obtained without the usual locking. We can lock the structure to
214 * stabilize it and check it's still at the given address, only if we
215 * can be sure that the memory has not been meanwhile reused for some
216 * other kind of object (which our subsystem's lock might corrupt).
218 * rcu_read_lock before reading the address, then rcu_read_unlock after
219 * taking the spinlock within the structure expected at that address.
222 struct rcu_head head;
223 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
230 * Manages the objs in a slab. Placed either at the beginning of mem allocated
231 * for a slab, or allocated from an general cache.
232 * Slabs are chained into three list: fully used, partial, fully free slabs.
237 struct list_head list;
238 unsigned long colouroff;
239 void *s_mem; /* including colour offset */
240 unsigned int inuse; /* num of objs active in slab */
242 unsigned short nodeid;
244 struct slab_rcu __slab_cover_slab_rcu;
252 * - LIFO ordering, to hand out cache-warm objects from _alloc
253 * - reduce the number of linked list operations
254 * - reduce spinlock operations
256 * The limit is stored in the per-cpu structure to reduce the data cache
263 unsigned int batchcount;
264 unsigned int touched;
267 * Must have this definition in here for the proper
268 * alignment of array_cache. Also simplifies accessing
271 * Entries should not be directly dereferenced as
272 * entries belonging to slabs marked pfmemalloc will
273 * have the lower bits set SLAB_OBJ_PFMEMALLOC
277 #define SLAB_OBJ_PFMEMALLOC 1
278 static inline bool is_obj_pfmemalloc(void *objp)
280 return (unsigned long)objp & SLAB_OBJ_PFMEMALLOC;
283 static inline void set_obj_pfmemalloc(void **objp)
285 *objp = (void *)((unsigned long)*objp | SLAB_OBJ_PFMEMALLOC);
289 static inline void clear_obj_pfmemalloc(void **objp)
291 *objp = (void *)((unsigned long)*objp & ~SLAB_OBJ_PFMEMALLOC);
295 * bootstrap: The caches do not work without cpuarrays anymore, but the
296 * cpuarrays are allocated from the generic caches...
298 #define BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES 1
299 struct arraycache_init {
300 struct array_cache cache;
301 void *entries[BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES];
305 * The slab lists for all objects.
308 struct list_head slabs_partial; /* partial list first, better asm code */
309 struct list_head slabs_full;
310 struct list_head slabs_free;
311 unsigned long free_objects;
312 unsigned int free_limit;
313 unsigned int colour_next; /* Per-node cache coloring */
314 spinlock_t list_lock;
315 struct array_cache *shared; /* shared per node */
316 struct array_cache **alien; /* on other nodes */
317 unsigned long next_reap; /* updated without locking */
318 int free_touched; /* updated without locking */
322 * Need this for bootstrapping a per node allocator.
324 #define NUM_INIT_LISTS (3 * MAX_NUMNODES)
325 static struct kmem_list3 __initdata initkmem_list3[NUM_INIT_LISTS];
326 #define CACHE_CACHE 0
327 #define SIZE_AC MAX_NUMNODES
328 #define SIZE_L3 (2 * MAX_NUMNODES)
330 static int drain_freelist(struct kmem_cache *cache,
331 struct kmem_list3 *l3, int tofree);
332 static void free_block(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void **objpp, int len,
334 static int enable_cpucache(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t gfp);
335 static void cache_reap(struct work_struct *unused);
338 * This function must be completely optimized away if a constant is passed to
339 * it. Mostly the same as what is in linux/slab.h except it returns an index.
341 static __always_inline int index_of(const size_t size)
343 extern void __bad_size(void);
345 if (__builtin_constant_p(size)) {
353 #include <linux/kmalloc_sizes.h>
361 static int slab_early_init = 1;
363 #define INDEX_AC index_of(sizeof(struct arraycache_init))
364 #define INDEX_L3 index_of(sizeof(struct kmem_list3))
366 static void kmem_list3_init(struct kmem_list3 *parent)
368 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&parent->slabs_full);
369 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&parent->slabs_partial);
370 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&parent->slabs_free);
371 parent->shared = NULL;
372 parent->alien = NULL;
373 parent->colour_next = 0;
374 spin_lock_init(&parent->list_lock);
375 parent->free_objects = 0;
376 parent->free_touched = 0;
379 #define MAKE_LIST(cachep, listp, slab, nodeid) \
381 INIT_LIST_HEAD(listp); \
382 list_splice(&(cachep->nodelists[nodeid]->slab), listp); \
385 #define MAKE_ALL_LISTS(cachep, ptr, nodeid) \
387 MAKE_LIST((cachep), (&(ptr)->slabs_full), slabs_full, nodeid); \
388 MAKE_LIST((cachep), (&(ptr)->slabs_partial), slabs_partial, nodeid); \
389 MAKE_LIST((cachep), (&(ptr)->slabs_free), slabs_free, nodeid); \
392 #define CFLGS_OFF_SLAB (0x80000000UL)
393 #define OFF_SLAB(x) ((x)->flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB)
395 #define BATCHREFILL_LIMIT 16
397 * Optimization question: fewer reaps means less probability for unnessary
398 * cpucache drain/refill cycles.
400 * OTOH the cpuarrays can contain lots of objects,
401 * which could lock up otherwise freeable slabs.
403 #define REAPTIMEOUT_CPUC (2*HZ)
404 #define REAPTIMEOUT_LIST3 (4*HZ)
407 #define STATS_INC_ACTIVE(x) ((x)->num_active++)
408 #define STATS_DEC_ACTIVE(x) ((x)->num_active--)
409 #define STATS_INC_ALLOCED(x) ((x)->num_allocations++)
410 #define STATS_INC_GROWN(x) ((x)->grown++)
411 #define STATS_ADD_REAPED(x,y) ((x)->reaped += (y))
412 #define STATS_SET_HIGH(x) \
414 if ((x)->num_active > (x)->high_mark) \
415 (x)->high_mark = (x)->num_active; \
417 #define STATS_INC_ERR(x) ((x)->errors++)
418 #define STATS_INC_NODEALLOCS(x) ((x)->node_allocs++)
419 #define STATS_INC_NODEFREES(x) ((x)->node_frees++)
420 #define STATS_INC_ACOVERFLOW(x) ((x)->node_overflow++)
421 #define STATS_SET_FREEABLE(x, i) \
423 if ((x)->max_freeable < i) \
424 (x)->max_freeable = i; \
426 #define STATS_INC_ALLOCHIT(x) atomic_inc(&(x)->allochit)
427 #define STATS_INC_ALLOCMISS(x) atomic_inc(&(x)->allocmiss)
428 #define STATS_INC_FREEHIT(x) atomic_inc(&(x)->freehit)
429 #define STATS_INC_FREEMISS(x) atomic_inc(&(x)->freemiss)
431 #define STATS_INC_ACTIVE(x) do { } while (0)
432 #define STATS_DEC_ACTIVE(x) do { } while (0)
433 #define STATS_INC_ALLOCED(x) do { } while (0)
434 #define STATS_INC_GROWN(x) do { } while (0)
435 #define STATS_ADD_REAPED(x,y) do { (void)(y); } while (0)
436 #define STATS_SET_HIGH(x) do { } while (0)
437 #define STATS_INC_ERR(x) do { } while (0)
438 #define STATS_INC_NODEALLOCS(x) do { } while (0)
439 #define STATS_INC_NODEFREES(x) do { } while (0)
440 #define STATS_INC_ACOVERFLOW(x) do { } while (0)
441 #define STATS_SET_FREEABLE(x, i) do { } while (0)
442 #define STATS_INC_ALLOCHIT(x) do { } while (0)
443 #define STATS_INC_ALLOCMISS(x) do { } while (0)
444 #define STATS_INC_FREEHIT(x) do { } while (0)
445 #define STATS_INC_FREEMISS(x) do { } while (0)
451 * memory layout of objects:
453 * 0 .. cachep->obj_offset - BYTES_PER_WORD - 1: padding. This ensures that
454 * the end of an object is aligned with the end of the real
455 * allocation. Catches writes behind the end of the allocation.
456 * cachep->obj_offset - BYTES_PER_WORD .. cachep->obj_offset - 1:
458 * cachep->obj_offset: The real object.
459 * cachep->size - 2* BYTES_PER_WORD: redzone word [BYTES_PER_WORD long]
460 * cachep->size - 1* BYTES_PER_WORD: last caller address
461 * [BYTES_PER_WORD long]
463 static int obj_offset(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
465 return cachep->obj_offset;
468 static unsigned long long *dbg_redzone1(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
470 BUG_ON(!(cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE));
471 return (unsigned long long*) (objp + obj_offset(cachep) -
472 sizeof(unsigned long long));
475 static unsigned long long *dbg_redzone2(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
477 BUG_ON(!(cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE));
478 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
479 return (unsigned long long *)(objp + cachep->size -
480 sizeof(unsigned long long) -
482 return (unsigned long long *) (objp + cachep->size -
483 sizeof(unsigned long long));
486 static void **dbg_userword(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
488 BUG_ON(!(cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER));
489 return (void **)(objp + cachep->size - BYTES_PER_WORD);
494 #define obj_offset(x) 0
495 #define dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) ({BUG(); (unsigned long long *)NULL;})
496 #define dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) ({BUG(); (unsigned long long *)NULL;})
497 #define dbg_userword(cachep, objp) ({BUG(); (void **)NULL;})
501 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
502 size_t slab_buffer_size(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
506 EXPORT_SYMBOL(slab_buffer_size);
510 * Do not go above this order unless 0 objects fit into the slab or
511 * overridden on the command line.
513 #define SLAB_MAX_ORDER_HI 1
514 #define SLAB_MAX_ORDER_LO 0
515 static int slab_max_order = SLAB_MAX_ORDER_LO;
516 static bool slab_max_order_set __initdata;
518 static inline struct kmem_cache *page_get_cache(struct page *page)
520 page = compound_head(page);
521 BUG_ON(!PageSlab(page));
522 return page->slab_cache;
525 static inline struct kmem_cache *virt_to_cache(const void *obj)
527 struct page *page = virt_to_head_page(obj);
528 return page->slab_cache;
531 static inline struct slab *virt_to_slab(const void *obj)
533 struct page *page = virt_to_head_page(obj);
535 VM_BUG_ON(!PageSlab(page));
536 return page->slab_page;
539 static inline void *index_to_obj(struct kmem_cache *cache, struct slab *slab,
542 return slab->s_mem + cache->size * idx;
546 * We want to avoid an expensive divide : (offset / cache->size)
547 * Using the fact that size is a constant for a particular cache,
548 * we can replace (offset / cache->size) by
549 * reciprocal_divide(offset, cache->reciprocal_buffer_size)
551 static inline unsigned int obj_to_index(const struct kmem_cache *cache,
552 const struct slab *slab, void *obj)
554 u32 offset = (obj - slab->s_mem);
555 return reciprocal_divide(offset, cache->reciprocal_buffer_size);
559 * These are the default caches for kmalloc. Custom caches can have other sizes.
561 struct cache_sizes malloc_sizes[] = {
562 #define CACHE(x) { .cs_size = (x) },
563 #include <linux/kmalloc_sizes.h>
567 EXPORT_SYMBOL(malloc_sizes);
569 /* Must match cache_sizes above. Out of line to keep cache footprint low. */
575 static struct cache_names __initdata cache_names[] = {
576 #define CACHE(x) { .name = "size-" #x, .name_dma = "size-" #x "(DMA)" },
577 #include <linux/kmalloc_sizes.h>
582 static struct arraycache_init initarray_cache __initdata =
583 { {0, BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES, 1, 0} };
584 static struct arraycache_init initarray_generic =
585 { {0, BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES, 1, 0} };
587 /* internal cache of cache description objs */
588 static struct kmem_list3 *cache_cache_nodelists[MAX_NUMNODES];
589 static struct kmem_cache cache_cache = {
590 .nodelists = cache_cache_nodelists,
592 .limit = BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES,
594 .size = sizeof(struct kmem_cache),
595 .name = "kmem_cache",
598 #define BAD_ALIEN_MAGIC 0x01020304ul
600 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
603 * Slab sometimes uses the kmalloc slabs to store the slab headers
604 * for other slabs "off slab".
605 * The locking for this is tricky in that it nests within the locks
606 * of all other slabs in a few places; to deal with this special
607 * locking we put on-slab caches into a separate lock-class.
609 * We set lock class for alien array caches which are up during init.
610 * The lock annotation will be lost if all cpus of a node goes down and
611 * then comes back up during hotplug
613 static struct lock_class_key on_slab_l3_key;
614 static struct lock_class_key on_slab_alc_key;
616 static struct lock_class_key debugobj_l3_key;
617 static struct lock_class_key debugobj_alc_key;
619 static void slab_set_lock_classes(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
620 struct lock_class_key *l3_key, struct lock_class_key *alc_key,
623 struct array_cache **alc;
624 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
627 l3 = cachep->nodelists[q];
631 lockdep_set_class(&l3->list_lock, l3_key);
634 * FIXME: This check for BAD_ALIEN_MAGIC
635 * should go away when common slab code is taught to
636 * work even without alien caches.
637 * Currently, non NUMA code returns BAD_ALIEN_MAGIC
638 * for alloc_alien_cache,
640 if (!alc || (unsigned long)alc == BAD_ALIEN_MAGIC)
644 lockdep_set_class(&alc[r]->lock, alc_key);
648 static void slab_set_debugobj_lock_classes_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep, int node)
650 slab_set_lock_classes(cachep, &debugobj_l3_key, &debugobj_alc_key, node);
653 static void slab_set_debugobj_lock_classes(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
657 for_each_online_node(node)
658 slab_set_debugobj_lock_classes_node(cachep, node);
661 static void init_node_lock_keys(int q)
663 struct cache_sizes *s = malloc_sizes;
668 for (s = malloc_sizes; s->cs_size != ULONG_MAX; s++) {
669 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
671 l3 = s->cs_cachep->nodelists[q];
672 if (!l3 || OFF_SLAB(s->cs_cachep))
675 slab_set_lock_classes(s->cs_cachep, &on_slab_l3_key,
676 &on_slab_alc_key, q);
680 static inline void init_lock_keys(void)
685 init_node_lock_keys(node);
688 static void init_node_lock_keys(int q)
692 static inline void init_lock_keys(void)
696 static void slab_set_debugobj_lock_classes_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep, int node)
700 static void slab_set_debugobj_lock_classes(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
705 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work, slab_reap_work);
707 static inline struct array_cache *cpu_cache_get(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
709 return cachep->array[smp_processor_id()];
712 static inline struct kmem_cache *__find_general_cachep(size_t size,
715 struct cache_sizes *csizep = malloc_sizes;
718 /* This happens if someone tries to call
719 * kmem_cache_create(), or __kmalloc(), before
720 * the generic caches are initialized.
722 BUG_ON(malloc_sizes[INDEX_AC].cs_cachep == NULL);
725 return ZERO_SIZE_PTR;
727 while (size > csizep->cs_size)
731 * Really subtle: The last entry with cs->cs_size==ULONG_MAX
732 * has cs_{dma,}cachep==NULL. Thus no special case
733 * for large kmalloc calls required.
735 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
736 if (unlikely(gfpflags & GFP_DMA))
737 return csizep->cs_dmacachep;
739 return csizep->cs_cachep;
742 static struct kmem_cache *kmem_find_general_cachep(size_t size, gfp_t gfpflags)
744 return __find_general_cachep(size, gfpflags);
747 static size_t slab_mgmt_size(size_t nr_objs, size_t align)
749 return ALIGN(sizeof(struct slab)+nr_objs*sizeof(kmem_bufctl_t), align);
753 * Calculate the number of objects and left-over bytes for a given buffer size.
755 static void cache_estimate(unsigned long gfporder, size_t buffer_size,
756 size_t align, int flags, size_t *left_over,
761 size_t slab_size = PAGE_SIZE << gfporder;
764 * The slab management structure can be either off the slab or
765 * on it. For the latter case, the memory allocated for a
769 * - One kmem_bufctl_t for each object
770 * - Padding to respect alignment of @align
771 * - @buffer_size bytes for each object
773 * If the slab management structure is off the slab, then the
774 * alignment will already be calculated into the size. Because
775 * the slabs are all pages aligned, the objects will be at the
776 * correct alignment when allocated.
778 if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB) {
780 nr_objs = slab_size / buffer_size;
782 if (nr_objs > SLAB_LIMIT)
783 nr_objs = SLAB_LIMIT;
786 * Ignore padding for the initial guess. The padding
787 * is at most @align-1 bytes, and @buffer_size is at
788 * least @align. In the worst case, this result will
789 * be one greater than the number of objects that fit
790 * into the memory allocation when taking the padding
793 nr_objs = (slab_size - sizeof(struct slab)) /
794 (buffer_size + sizeof(kmem_bufctl_t));
797 * This calculated number will be either the right
798 * amount, or one greater than what we want.
800 if (slab_mgmt_size(nr_objs, align) + nr_objs*buffer_size
804 if (nr_objs > SLAB_LIMIT)
805 nr_objs = SLAB_LIMIT;
807 mgmt_size = slab_mgmt_size(nr_objs, align);
810 *left_over = slab_size - nr_objs*buffer_size - mgmt_size;
813 #define slab_error(cachep, msg) __slab_error(__func__, cachep, msg)
815 static void __slab_error(const char *function, struct kmem_cache *cachep,
818 printk(KERN_ERR "slab error in %s(): cache `%s': %s\n",
819 function, cachep->name, msg);
824 * By default on NUMA we use alien caches to stage the freeing of
825 * objects allocated from other nodes. This causes massive memory
826 * inefficiencies when using fake NUMA setup to split memory into a
827 * large number of small nodes, so it can be disabled on the command
831 static int use_alien_caches __read_mostly = 1;
832 static int __init noaliencache_setup(char *s)
834 use_alien_caches = 0;
837 __setup("noaliencache", noaliencache_setup);
839 static int __init slab_max_order_setup(char *str)
841 get_option(&str, &slab_max_order);
842 slab_max_order = slab_max_order < 0 ? 0 :
843 min(slab_max_order, MAX_ORDER - 1);
844 slab_max_order_set = true;
848 __setup("slab_max_order=", slab_max_order_setup);
852 * Special reaping functions for NUMA systems called from cache_reap().
853 * These take care of doing round robin flushing of alien caches (containing
854 * objects freed on different nodes from which they were allocated) and the
855 * flushing of remote pcps by calling drain_node_pages.
857 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, slab_reap_node);
859 static void init_reap_node(int cpu)
863 node = next_node(cpu_to_mem(cpu), node_online_map);
864 if (node == MAX_NUMNODES)
865 node = first_node(node_online_map);
867 per_cpu(slab_reap_node, cpu) = node;
870 static void next_reap_node(void)
872 int node = __this_cpu_read(slab_reap_node);
874 node = next_node(node, node_online_map);
875 if (unlikely(node >= MAX_NUMNODES))
876 node = first_node(node_online_map);
877 __this_cpu_write(slab_reap_node, node);
881 #define init_reap_node(cpu) do { } while (0)
882 #define next_reap_node(void) do { } while (0)
886 * Initiate the reap timer running on the target CPU. We run at around 1 to 2Hz
887 * via the workqueue/eventd.
888 * Add the CPU number into the expiration time to minimize the possibility of
889 * the CPUs getting into lockstep and contending for the global cache chain
892 static void __cpuinit start_cpu_timer(int cpu)
894 struct delayed_work *reap_work = &per_cpu(slab_reap_work, cpu);
897 * When this gets called from do_initcalls via cpucache_init(),
898 * init_workqueues() has already run, so keventd will be setup
901 if (keventd_up() && reap_work->work.func == NULL) {
903 INIT_DELAYED_WORK_DEFERRABLE(reap_work, cache_reap);
904 schedule_delayed_work_on(cpu, reap_work,
905 __round_jiffies_relative(HZ, cpu));
909 static struct array_cache *alloc_arraycache(int node, int entries,
910 int batchcount, gfp_t gfp)
912 int memsize = sizeof(void *) * entries + sizeof(struct array_cache);
913 struct array_cache *nc = NULL;
915 nc = kmalloc_node(memsize, gfp, node);
917 * The array_cache structures contain pointers to free object.
918 * However, when such objects are allocated or transferred to another
919 * cache the pointers are not cleared and they could be counted as
920 * valid references during a kmemleak scan. Therefore, kmemleak must
921 * not scan such objects.
923 kmemleak_no_scan(nc);
927 nc->batchcount = batchcount;
929 spin_lock_init(&nc->lock);
934 static inline bool is_slab_pfmemalloc(struct slab *slabp)
936 struct page *page = virt_to_page(slabp->s_mem);
938 return PageSlabPfmemalloc(page);
941 /* Clears pfmemalloc_active if no slabs have pfmalloc set */
942 static void recheck_pfmemalloc_active(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
943 struct array_cache *ac)
945 struct kmem_list3 *l3 = cachep->nodelists[numa_mem_id()];
949 if (!pfmemalloc_active)
952 spin_lock_irqsave(&l3->list_lock, flags);
953 list_for_each_entry(slabp, &l3->slabs_full, list)
954 if (is_slab_pfmemalloc(slabp))
957 list_for_each_entry(slabp, &l3->slabs_partial, list)
958 if (is_slab_pfmemalloc(slabp))
961 list_for_each_entry(slabp, &l3->slabs_free, list)
962 if (is_slab_pfmemalloc(slabp))
965 pfmemalloc_active = false;
967 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&l3->list_lock, flags);
970 static void *__ac_get_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct array_cache *ac,
971 gfp_t flags, bool force_refill)
974 void *objp = ac->entry[--ac->avail];
976 /* Ensure the caller is allowed to use objects from PFMEMALLOC slab */
977 if (unlikely(is_obj_pfmemalloc(objp))) {
978 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
980 if (gfp_pfmemalloc_allowed(flags)) {
981 clear_obj_pfmemalloc(&objp);
985 /* The caller cannot use PFMEMALLOC objects, find another one */
986 for (i = 1; i < ac->avail; i++) {
987 /* If a !PFMEMALLOC object is found, swap them */
988 if (!is_obj_pfmemalloc(ac->entry[i])) {
990 ac->entry[i] = ac->entry[ac->avail];
991 ac->entry[ac->avail] = objp;
997 * If there are empty slabs on the slabs_free list and we are
998 * being forced to refill the cache, mark this one !pfmemalloc.
1000 l3 = cachep->nodelists[numa_mem_id()];
1001 if (!list_empty(&l3->slabs_free) && force_refill) {
1002 struct slab *slabp = virt_to_slab(objp);
1003 ClearPageSlabPfmemalloc(virt_to_page(slabp->s_mem));
1004 clear_obj_pfmemalloc(&objp);
1005 recheck_pfmemalloc_active(cachep, ac);
1009 /* No !PFMEMALLOC objects available */
1017 static inline void *ac_get_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
1018 struct array_cache *ac, gfp_t flags, bool force_refill)
1022 if (unlikely(sk_memalloc_socks()))
1023 objp = __ac_get_obj(cachep, ac, flags, force_refill);
1025 objp = ac->entry[--ac->avail];
1030 static void *__ac_put_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct array_cache *ac,
1033 if (unlikely(pfmemalloc_active)) {
1034 /* Some pfmemalloc slabs exist, check if this is one */
1035 struct page *page = virt_to_page(objp);
1036 if (PageSlabPfmemalloc(page))
1037 set_obj_pfmemalloc(&objp);
1043 static inline void ac_put_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct array_cache *ac,
1046 if (unlikely(sk_memalloc_socks()))
1047 objp = __ac_put_obj(cachep, ac, objp);
1049 ac->entry[ac->avail++] = objp;
1053 * Transfer objects in one arraycache to another.
1054 * Locking must be handled by the caller.
1056 * Return the number of entries transferred.
1058 static int transfer_objects(struct array_cache *to,
1059 struct array_cache *from, unsigned int max)
1061 /* Figure out how many entries to transfer */
1062 int nr = min3(from->avail, max, to->limit - to->avail);
1067 memcpy(to->entry + to->avail, from->entry + from->avail -nr,
1068 sizeof(void *) *nr);
1077 #define drain_alien_cache(cachep, alien) do { } while (0)
1078 #define reap_alien(cachep, l3) do { } while (0)
1080 static inline struct array_cache **alloc_alien_cache(int node, int limit, gfp_t gfp)
1082 return (struct array_cache **)BAD_ALIEN_MAGIC;
1085 static inline void free_alien_cache(struct array_cache **ac_ptr)
1089 static inline int cache_free_alien(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
1094 static inline void *alternate_node_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
1100 static inline void *____cache_alloc_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
1101 gfp_t flags, int nodeid)
1106 #else /* CONFIG_NUMA */
1108 static void *____cache_alloc_node(struct kmem_cache *, gfp_t, int);
1109 static void *alternate_node_alloc(struct kmem_cache *, gfp_t);
1111 static struct array_cache **alloc_alien_cache(int node, int limit, gfp_t gfp)
1113 struct array_cache **ac_ptr;
1114 int memsize = sizeof(void *) * nr_node_ids;
1119 ac_ptr = kzalloc_node(memsize, gfp, node);
1122 if (i == node || !node_online(i))
1124 ac_ptr[i] = alloc_arraycache(node, limit, 0xbaadf00d, gfp);
1126 for (i--; i >= 0; i--)
1136 static void free_alien_cache(struct array_cache **ac_ptr)
1147 static void __drain_alien_cache(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
1148 struct array_cache *ac, int node)
1150 struct kmem_list3 *rl3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
1153 spin_lock(&rl3->list_lock);
1155 * Stuff objects into the remote nodes shared array first.
1156 * That way we could avoid the overhead of putting the objects
1157 * into the free lists and getting them back later.
1160 transfer_objects(rl3->shared, ac, ac->limit);
1162 free_block(cachep, ac->entry, ac->avail, node);
1164 spin_unlock(&rl3->list_lock);
1169 * Called from cache_reap() to regularly drain alien caches round robin.
1171 static void reap_alien(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct kmem_list3 *l3)
1173 int node = __this_cpu_read(slab_reap_node);
1176 struct array_cache *ac = l3->alien[node];
1178 if (ac && ac->avail && spin_trylock_irq(&ac->lock)) {
1179 __drain_alien_cache(cachep, ac, node);
1180 spin_unlock_irq(&ac->lock);
1185 static void drain_alien_cache(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
1186 struct array_cache **alien)
1189 struct array_cache *ac;
1190 unsigned long flags;
1192 for_each_online_node(i) {
1195 spin_lock_irqsave(&ac->lock, flags);
1196 __drain_alien_cache(cachep, ac, i);
1197 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ac->lock, flags);
1202 static inline int cache_free_alien(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
1204 struct slab *slabp = virt_to_slab(objp);
1205 int nodeid = slabp->nodeid;
1206 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
1207 struct array_cache *alien = NULL;
1210 node = numa_mem_id();
1213 * Make sure we are not freeing a object from another node to the array
1214 * cache on this cpu.
1216 if (likely(slabp->nodeid == node))
1219 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
1220 STATS_INC_NODEFREES(cachep);
1221 if (l3->alien && l3->alien[nodeid]) {
1222 alien = l3->alien[nodeid];
1223 spin_lock(&alien->lock);
1224 if (unlikely(alien->avail == alien->limit)) {
1225 STATS_INC_ACOVERFLOW(cachep);
1226 __drain_alien_cache(cachep, alien, nodeid);
1228 ac_put_obj(cachep, alien, objp);
1229 spin_unlock(&alien->lock);
1231 spin_lock(&(cachep->nodelists[nodeid])->list_lock);
1232 free_block(cachep, &objp, 1, nodeid);
1233 spin_unlock(&(cachep->nodelists[nodeid])->list_lock);
1240 * Allocates and initializes nodelists for a node on each slab cache, used for
1241 * either memory or cpu hotplug. If memory is being hot-added, the kmem_list3
1242 * will be allocated off-node since memory is not yet online for the new node.
1243 * When hotplugging memory or a cpu, existing nodelists are not replaced if
1246 * Must hold slab_mutex.
1248 static int init_cache_nodelists_node(int node)
1250 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
1251 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
1252 const int memsize = sizeof(struct kmem_list3);
1254 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &slab_caches, list) {
1256 * Set up the size64 kmemlist for cpu before we can
1257 * begin anything. Make sure some other cpu on this
1258 * node has not already allocated this
1260 if (!cachep->nodelists[node]) {
1261 l3 = kmalloc_node(memsize, GFP_KERNEL, node);
1264 kmem_list3_init(l3);
1265 l3->next_reap = jiffies + REAPTIMEOUT_LIST3 +
1266 ((unsigned long)cachep) % REAPTIMEOUT_LIST3;
1269 * The l3s don't come and go as CPUs come and
1270 * go. slab_mutex is sufficient
1273 cachep->nodelists[node] = l3;
1276 spin_lock_irq(&cachep->nodelists[node]->list_lock);
1277 cachep->nodelists[node]->free_limit =
1278 (1 + nr_cpus_node(node)) *
1279 cachep->batchcount + cachep->num;
1280 spin_unlock_irq(&cachep->nodelists[node]->list_lock);
1285 static void __cpuinit cpuup_canceled(long cpu)
1287 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
1288 struct kmem_list3 *l3 = NULL;
1289 int node = cpu_to_mem(cpu);
1290 const struct cpumask *mask = cpumask_of_node(node);
1292 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &slab_caches, list) {
1293 struct array_cache *nc;
1294 struct array_cache *shared;
1295 struct array_cache **alien;
1297 /* cpu is dead; no one can alloc from it. */
1298 nc = cachep->array[cpu];
1299 cachep->array[cpu] = NULL;
1300 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
1303 goto free_array_cache;
1305 spin_lock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
1307 /* Free limit for this kmem_list3 */
1308 l3->free_limit -= cachep->batchcount;
1310 free_block(cachep, nc->entry, nc->avail, node);
1312 if (!cpumask_empty(mask)) {
1313 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
1314 goto free_array_cache;
1317 shared = l3->shared;
1319 free_block(cachep, shared->entry,
1320 shared->avail, node);
1327 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
1331 drain_alien_cache(cachep, alien);
1332 free_alien_cache(alien);
1338 * In the previous loop, all the objects were freed to
1339 * the respective cache's slabs, now we can go ahead and
1340 * shrink each nodelist to its limit.
1342 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &slab_caches, list) {
1343 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
1346 drain_freelist(cachep, l3, l3->free_objects);
1350 static int __cpuinit cpuup_prepare(long cpu)
1352 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
1353 struct kmem_list3 *l3 = NULL;
1354 int node = cpu_to_mem(cpu);
1358 * We need to do this right in the beginning since
1359 * alloc_arraycache's are going to use this list.
1360 * kmalloc_node allows us to add the slab to the right
1361 * kmem_list3 and not this cpu's kmem_list3
1363 err = init_cache_nodelists_node(node);
1368 * Now we can go ahead with allocating the shared arrays and
1371 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &slab_caches, list) {
1372 struct array_cache *nc;
1373 struct array_cache *shared = NULL;
1374 struct array_cache **alien = NULL;
1376 nc = alloc_arraycache(node, cachep->limit,
1377 cachep->batchcount, GFP_KERNEL);
1380 if (cachep->shared) {
1381 shared = alloc_arraycache(node,
1382 cachep->shared * cachep->batchcount,
1383 0xbaadf00d, GFP_KERNEL);
1389 if (use_alien_caches) {
1390 alien = alloc_alien_cache(node, cachep->limit, GFP_KERNEL);
1397 cachep->array[cpu] = nc;
1398 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
1401 spin_lock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
1404 * We are serialised from CPU_DEAD or
1405 * CPU_UP_CANCELLED by the cpucontrol lock
1407 l3->shared = shared;
1416 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
1418 free_alien_cache(alien);
1419 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_DEBUG_OBJECTS)
1420 slab_set_debugobj_lock_classes_node(cachep, node);
1422 init_node_lock_keys(node);
1426 cpuup_canceled(cpu);
1430 static int __cpuinit cpuup_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb,
1431 unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
1433 long cpu = (long)hcpu;
1437 case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
1438 case CPU_UP_PREPARE_FROZEN:
1439 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
1440 err = cpuup_prepare(cpu);
1441 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
1444 case CPU_ONLINE_FROZEN:
1445 start_cpu_timer(cpu);
1447 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
1448 case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE:
1449 case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE_FROZEN:
1451 * Shutdown cache reaper. Note that the slab_mutex is
1452 * held so that if cache_reap() is invoked it cannot do
1453 * anything expensive but will only modify reap_work
1454 * and reschedule the timer.
1456 cancel_delayed_work_sync(&per_cpu(slab_reap_work, cpu));
1457 /* Now the cache_reaper is guaranteed to be not running. */
1458 per_cpu(slab_reap_work, cpu).work.func = NULL;
1460 case CPU_DOWN_FAILED:
1461 case CPU_DOWN_FAILED_FROZEN:
1462 start_cpu_timer(cpu);
1465 case CPU_DEAD_FROZEN:
1467 * Even if all the cpus of a node are down, we don't free the
1468 * kmem_list3 of any cache. This to avoid a race between
1469 * cpu_down, and a kmalloc allocation from another cpu for
1470 * memory from the node of the cpu going down. The list3
1471 * structure is usually allocated from kmem_cache_create() and
1472 * gets destroyed at kmem_cache_destroy().
1476 case CPU_UP_CANCELED:
1477 case CPU_UP_CANCELED_FROZEN:
1478 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
1479 cpuup_canceled(cpu);
1480 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
1483 return notifier_from_errno(err);
1486 static struct notifier_block __cpuinitdata cpucache_notifier = {
1487 &cpuup_callback, NULL, 0
1490 #if defined(CONFIG_NUMA) && defined(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG)
1492 * Drains freelist for a node on each slab cache, used for memory hot-remove.
1493 * Returns -EBUSY if all objects cannot be drained so that the node is not
1496 * Must hold slab_mutex.
1498 static int __meminit drain_cache_nodelists_node(int node)
1500 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
1503 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &slab_caches, list) {
1504 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
1506 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
1510 drain_freelist(cachep, l3, l3->free_objects);
1512 if (!list_empty(&l3->slabs_full) ||
1513 !list_empty(&l3->slabs_partial)) {
1521 static int __meminit slab_memory_callback(struct notifier_block *self,
1522 unsigned long action, void *arg)
1524 struct memory_notify *mnb = arg;
1528 nid = mnb->status_change_nid;
1533 case MEM_GOING_ONLINE:
1534 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
1535 ret = init_cache_nodelists_node(nid);
1536 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
1538 case MEM_GOING_OFFLINE:
1539 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
1540 ret = drain_cache_nodelists_node(nid);
1541 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
1545 case MEM_CANCEL_ONLINE:
1546 case MEM_CANCEL_OFFLINE:
1550 return notifier_from_errno(ret);
1552 #endif /* CONFIG_NUMA && CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
1555 * swap the static kmem_list3 with kmalloced memory
1557 static void __init init_list(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct kmem_list3 *list,
1560 struct kmem_list3 *ptr;
1562 ptr = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct kmem_list3), GFP_NOWAIT, nodeid);
1565 memcpy(ptr, list, sizeof(struct kmem_list3));
1567 * Do not assume that spinlocks can be initialized via memcpy:
1569 spin_lock_init(&ptr->list_lock);
1571 MAKE_ALL_LISTS(cachep, ptr, nodeid);
1572 cachep->nodelists[nodeid] = ptr;
1576 * For setting up all the kmem_list3s for cache whose buffer_size is same as
1577 * size of kmem_list3.
1579 static void __init set_up_list3s(struct kmem_cache *cachep, int index)
1583 for_each_online_node(node) {
1584 cachep->nodelists[node] = &initkmem_list3[index + node];
1585 cachep->nodelists[node]->next_reap = jiffies +
1587 ((unsigned long)cachep) % REAPTIMEOUT_LIST3;
1592 * Initialisation. Called after the page allocator have been initialised and
1593 * before smp_init().
1595 void __init kmem_cache_init(void)
1598 struct cache_sizes *sizes;
1599 struct cache_names *names;
1604 if (num_possible_nodes() == 1)
1605 use_alien_caches = 0;
1607 for (i = 0; i < NUM_INIT_LISTS; i++) {
1608 kmem_list3_init(&initkmem_list3[i]);
1609 if (i < MAX_NUMNODES)
1610 cache_cache.nodelists[i] = NULL;
1612 set_up_list3s(&cache_cache, CACHE_CACHE);
1615 * Fragmentation resistance on low memory - only use bigger
1616 * page orders on machines with more than 32MB of memory if
1617 * not overridden on the command line.
1619 if (!slab_max_order_set && totalram_pages > (32 << 20) >> PAGE_SHIFT)
1620 slab_max_order = SLAB_MAX_ORDER_HI;
1622 /* Bootstrap is tricky, because several objects are allocated
1623 * from caches that do not exist yet:
1624 * 1) initialize the cache_cache cache: it contains the struct
1625 * kmem_cache structures of all caches, except cache_cache itself:
1626 * cache_cache is statically allocated.
1627 * Initially an __init data area is used for the head array and the
1628 * kmem_list3 structures, it's replaced with a kmalloc allocated
1629 * array at the end of the bootstrap.
1630 * 2) Create the first kmalloc cache.
1631 * The struct kmem_cache for the new cache is allocated normally.
1632 * An __init data area is used for the head array.
1633 * 3) Create the remaining kmalloc caches, with minimally sized
1635 * 4) Replace the __init data head arrays for cache_cache and the first
1636 * kmalloc cache with kmalloc allocated arrays.
1637 * 5) Replace the __init data for kmem_list3 for cache_cache and
1638 * the other cache's with kmalloc allocated memory.
1639 * 6) Resize the head arrays of the kmalloc caches to their final sizes.
1642 node = numa_mem_id();
1644 /* 1) create the cache_cache */
1645 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&slab_caches);
1646 list_add(&cache_cache.list, &slab_caches);
1647 cache_cache.colour_off = cache_line_size();
1648 cache_cache.array[smp_processor_id()] = &initarray_cache.cache;
1649 cache_cache.nodelists[node] = &initkmem_list3[CACHE_CACHE + node];
1652 * struct kmem_cache size depends on nr_node_ids & nr_cpu_ids
1654 cache_cache.size = offsetof(struct kmem_cache, array[nr_cpu_ids]) +
1655 nr_node_ids * sizeof(struct kmem_list3 *);
1656 cache_cache.object_size = cache_cache.size;
1657 cache_cache.size = ALIGN(cache_cache.size,
1659 cache_cache.reciprocal_buffer_size =
1660 reciprocal_value(cache_cache.size);
1662 for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; order++) {
1663 cache_estimate(order, cache_cache.size,
1664 cache_line_size(), 0, &left_over, &cache_cache.num);
1665 if (cache_cache.num)
1668 BUG_ON(!cache_cache.num);
1669 cache_cache.gfporder = order;
1670 cache_cache.colour = left_over / cache_cache.colour_off;
1671 cache_cache.slab_size = ALIGN(cache_cache.num * sizeof(kmem_bufctl_t) +
1672 sizeof(struct slab), cache_line_size());
1674 /* 2+3) create the kmalloc caches */
1675 sizes = malloc_sizes;
1676 names = cache_names;
1679 * Initialize the caches that provide memory for the array cache and the
1680 * kmem_list3 structures first. Without this, further allocations will
1684 sizes[INDEX_AC].cs_cachep = __kmem_cache_create(names[INDEX_AC].name,
1685 sizes[INDEX_AC].cs_size,
1686 ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN,
1687 ARCH_KMALLOC_FLAGS|SLAB_PANIC,
1690 if (INDEX_AC != INDEX_L3) {
1691 sizes[INDEX_L3].cs_cachep =
1692 __kmem_cache_create(names[INDEX_L3].name,
1693 sizes[INDEX_L3].cs_size,
1694 ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN,
1695 ARCH_KMALLOC_FLAGS|SLAB_PANIC,
1699 slab_early_init = 0;
1701 while (sizes->cs_size != ULONG_MAX) {
1703 * For performance, all the general caches are L1 aligned.
1704 * This should be particularly beneficial on SMP boxes, as it
1705 * eliminates "false sharing".
1706 * Note for systems short on memory removing the alignment will
1707 * allow tighter packing of the smaller caches.
1709 if (!sizes->cs_cachep) {
1710 sizes->cs_cachep = __kmem_cache_create(names->name,
1712 ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN,
1713 ARCH_KMALLOC_FLAGS|SLAB_PANIC,
1716 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
1717 sizes->cs_dmacachep = __kmem_cache_create(
1720 ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN,
1721 ARCH_KMALLOC_FLAGS|SLAB_CACHE_DMA|
1728 /* 4) Replace the bootstrap head arrays */
1730 struct array_cache *ptr;
1732 ptr = kmalloc(sizeof(struct arraycache_init), GFP_NOWAIT);
1734 BUG_ON(cpu_cache_get(&cache_cache) != &initarray_cache.cache);
1735 memcpy(ptr, cpu_cache_get(&cache_cache),
1736 sizeof(struct arraycache_init));
1738 * Do not assume that spinlocks can be initialized via memcpy:
1740 spin_lock_init(&ptr->lock);
1742 cache_cache.array[smp_processor_id()] = ptr;
1744 ptr = kmalloc(sizeof(struct arraycache_init), GFP_NOWAIT);
1746 BUG_ON(cpu_cache_get(malloc_sizes[INDEX_AC].cs_cachep)
1747 != &initarray_generic.cache);
1748 memcpy(ptr, cpu_cache_get(malloc_sizes[INDEX_AC].cs_cachep),
1749 sizeof(struct arraycache_init));
1751 * Do not assume that spinlocks can be initialized via memcpy:
1753 spin_lock_init(&ptr->lock);
1755 malloc_sizes[INDEX_AC].cs_cachep->array[smp_processor_id()] =
1758 /* 5) Replace the bootstrap kmem_list3's */
1762 for_each_online_node(nid) {
1763 init_list(&cache_cache, &initkmem_list3[CACHE_CACHE + nid], nid);
1765 init_list(malloc_sizes[INDEX_AC].cs_cachep,
1766 &initkmem_list3[SIZE_AC + nid], nid);
1768 if (INDEX_AC != INDEX_L3) {
1769 init_list(malloc_sizes[INDEX_L3].cs_cachep,
1770 &initkmem_list3[SIZE_L3 + nid], nid);
1778 void __init kmem_cache_init_late(void)
1780 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
1784 /* Annotate slab for lockdep -- annotate the malloc caches */
1787 /* 6) resize the head arrays to their final sizes */
1788 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
1789 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &slab_caches, list)
1790 if (enable_cpucache(cachep, GFP_NOWAIT))
1792 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
1798 * Register a cpu startup notifier callback that initializes
1799 * cpu_cache_get for all new cpus
1801 register_cpu_notifier(&cpucache_notifier);
1805 * Register a memory hotplug callback that initializes and frees
1808 hotplug_memory_notifier(slab_memory_callback, SLAB_CALLBACK_PRI);
1812 * The reap timers are started later, with a module init call: That part
1813 * of the kernel is not yet operational.
1817 static int __init cpucache_init(void)
1822 * Register the timers that return unneeded pages to the page allocator
1824 for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
1825 start_cpu_timer(cpu);
1831 __initcall(cpucache_init);
1833 static noinline void
1834 slab_out_of_memory(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t gfpflags, int nodeid)
1836 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
1838 unsigned long flags;
1842 "SLAB: Unable to allocate memory on node %d (gfp=0x%x)\n",
1844 printk(KERN_WARNING " cache: %s, object size: %d, order: %d\n",
1845 cachep->name, cachep->size, cachep->gfporder);
1847 for_each_online_node(node) {
1848 unsigned long active_objs = 0, num_objs = 0, free_objects = 0;
1849 unsigned long active_slabs = 0, num_slabs = 0;
1851 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
1855 spin_lock_irqsave(&l3->list_lock, flags);
1856 list_for_each_entry(slabp, &l3->slabs_full, list) {
1857 active_objs += cachep->num;
1860 list_for_each_entry(slabp, &l3->slabs_partial, list) {
1861 active_objs += slabp->inuse;
1864 list_for_each_entry(slabp, &l3->slabs_free, list)
1867 free_objects += l3->free_objects;
1868 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&l3->list_lock, flags);
1870 num_slabs += active_slabs;
1871 num_objs = num_slabs * cachep->num;
1873 " node %d: slabs: %ld/%ld, objs: %ld/%ld, free: %ld\n",
1874 node, active_slabs, num_slabs, active_objs, num_objs,
1880 * Interface to system's page allocator. No need to hold the cache-lock.
1882 * If we requested dmaable memory, we will get it. Even if we
1883 * did not request dmaable memory, we might get it, but that
1884 * would be relatively rare and ignorable.
1886 static void *kmem_getpages(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags, int nodeid)
1894 * Nommu uses slab's for process anonymous memory allocations, and thus
1895 * requires __GFP_COMP to properly refcount higher order allocations
1897 flags |= __GFP_COMP;
1900 flags |= cachep->allocflags;
1901 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT)
1902 flags |= __GFP_RECLAIMABLE;
1904 page = alloc_pages_exact_node(nodeid, flags | __GFP_NOTRACK, cachep->gfporder);
1906 if (!(flags & __GFP_NOWARN) && printk_ratelimit())
1907 slab_out_of_memory(cachep, flags, nodeid);
1911 /* Record if ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was set when allocating the slab */
1912 if (unlikely(page->pfmemalloc))
1913 pfmemalloc_active = true;
1915 nr_pages = (1 << cachep->gfporder);
1916 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT)
1917 add_zone_page_state(page_zone(page),
1918 NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE, nr_pages);
1920 add_zone_page_state(page_zone(page),
1921 NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE, nr_pages);
1922 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
1923 __SetPageSlab(page + i);
1925 if (page->pfmemalloc)
1926 SetPageSlabPfmemalloc(page + i);
1929 if (kmemcheck_enabled && !(cachep->flags & SLAB_NOTRACK)) {
1930 kmemcheck_alloc_shadow(page, cachep->gfporder, flags, nodeid);
1933 kmemcheck_mark_uninitialized_pages(page, nr_pages);
1935 kmemcheck_mark_unallocated_pages(page, nr_pages);
1938 return page_address(page);
1942 * Interface to system's page release.
1944 static void kmem_freepages(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *addr)
1946 unsigned long i = (1 << cachep->gfporder);
1947 struct page *page = virt_to_page(addr);
1948 const unsigned long nr_freed = i;
1950 kmemcheck_free_shadow(page, cachep->gfporder);
1952 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT)
1953 sub_zone_page_state(page_zone(page),
1954 NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE, nr_freed);
1956 sub_zone_page_state(page_zone(page),
1957 NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE, nr_freed);
1959 BUG_ON(!PageSlab(page));
1960 __ClearPageSlabPfmemalloc(page);
1961 __ClearPageSlab(page);
1964 if (current->reclaim_state)
1965 current->reclaim_state->reclaimed_slab += nr_freed;
1966 free_pages((unsigned long)addr, cachep->gfporder);
1969 static void kmem_rcu_free(struct rcu_head *head)
1971 struct slab_rcu *slab_rcu = (struct slab_rcu *)head;
1972 struct kmem_cache *cachep = slab_rcu->cachep;
1974 kmem_freepages(cachep, slab_rcu->addr);
1975 if (OFF_SLAB(cachep))
1976 kmem_cache_free(cachep->slabp_cache, slab_rcu);
1981 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
1982 static void store_stackinfo(struct kmem_cache *cachep, unsigned long *addr,
1983 unsigned long caller)
1985 int size = cachep->object_size;
1987 addr = (unsigned long *)&((char *)addr)[obj_offset(cachep)];
1989 if (size < 5 * sizeof(unsigned long))
1992 *addr++ = 0x12345678;
1994 *addr++ = smp_processor_id();
1995 size -= 3 * sizeof(unsigned long);
1997 unsigned long *sptr = &caller;
1998 unsigned long svalue;
2000 while (!kstack_end(sptr)) {
2002 if (kernel_text_address(svalue)) {
2004 size -= sizeof(unsigned long);
2005 if (size <= sizeof(unsigned long))
2011 *addr++ = 0x87654321;
2015 static void poison_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *addr, unsigned char val)
2017 int size = cachep->object_size;
2018 addr = &((char *)addr)[obj_offset(cachep)];
2020 memset(addr, val, size);
2021 *(unsigned char *)(addr + size - 1) = POISON_END;
2024 static void dump_line(char *data, int offset, int limit)
2027 unsigned char error = 0;
2030 printk(KERN_ERR "%03x: ", offset);
2031 for (i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
2032 if (data[offset + i] != POISON_FREE) {
2033 error = data[offset + i];
2037 print_hex_dump(KERN_CONT, "", 0, 16, 1,
2038 &data[offset], limit, 1);
2040 if (bad_count == 1) {
2041 error ^= POISON_FREE;
2042 if (!(error & (error - 1))) {
2043 printk(KERN_ERR "Single bit error detected. Probably "
2046 printk(KERN_ERR "Run memtest86+ or a similar memory "
2049 printk(KERN_ERR "Run a memory test tool.\n");
2058 static void print_objinfo(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp, int lines)
2063 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
2064 printk(KERN_ERR "Redzone: 0x%llx/0x%llx.\n",
2065 *dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp),
2066 *dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp));
2069 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER) {
2070 printk(KERN_ERR "Last user: [<%p>]",
2071 *dbg_userword(cachep, objp));
2072 print_symbol("(%s)",
2073 (unsigned long)*dbg_userword(cachep, objp));
2076 realobj = (char *)objp + obj_offset(cachep);
2077 size = cachep->object_size;
2078 for (i = 0; i < size && lines; i += 16, lines--) {
2081 if (i + limit > size)
2083 dump_line(realobj, i, limit);
2087 static void check_poison_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
2093 realobj = (char *)objp + obj_offset(cachep);
2094 size = cachep->object_size;
2096 for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
2097 char exp = POISON_FREE;
2100 if (realobj[i] != exp) {
2106 "Slab corruption (%s): %s start=%p, len=%d\n",
2107 print_tainted(), cachep->name, realobj, size);
2108 print_objinfo(cachep, objp, 0);
2110 /* Hexdump the affected line */
2113 if (i + limit > size)
2115 dump_line(realobj, i, limit);
2118 /* Limit to 5 lines */
2124 /* Print some data about the neighboring objects, if they
2127 struct slab *slabp = virt_to_slab(objp);
2130 objnr = obj_to_index(cachep, slabp, objp);
2132 objp = index_to_obj(cachep, slabp, objnr - 1);
2133 realobj = (char *)objp + obj_offset(cachep);
2134 printk(KERN_ERR "Prev obj: start=%p, len=%d\n",
2136 print_objinfo(cachep, objp, 2);
2138 if (objnr + 1 < cachep->num) {
2139 objp = index_to_obj(cachep, slabp, objnr + 1);
2140 realobj = (char *)objp + obj_offset(cachep);
2141 printk(KERN_ERR "Next obj: start=%p, len=%d\n",
2143 print_objinfo(cachep, objp, 2);
2150 static void slab_destroy_debugcheck(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct slab *slabp)
2153 for (i = 0; i < cachep->num; i++) {
2154 void *objp = index_to_obj(cachep, slabp, i);
2156 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON) {
2157 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
2158 if (cachep->size % PAGE_SIZE == 0 &&
2160 kernel_map_pages(virt_to_page(objp),
2161 cachep->size / PAGE_SIZE, 1);
2163 check_poison_obj(cachep, objp);
2165 check_poison_obj(cachep, objp);
2168 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
2169 if (*dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) != RED_INACTIVE)
2170 slab_error(cachep, "start of a freed object "
2172 if (*dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) != RED_INACTIVE)
2173 slab_error(cachep, "end of a freed object "
2179 static void slab_destroy_debugcheck(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct slab *slabp)
2185 * slab_destroy - destroy and release all objects in a slab
2186 * @cachep: cache pointer being destroyed
2187 * @slabp: slab pointer being destroyed
2189 * Destroy all the objs in a slab, and release the mem back to the system.
2190 * Before calling the slab must have been unlinked from the cache. The
2191 * cache-lock is not held/needed.
2193 static void slab_destroy(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct slab *slabp)
2195 void *addr = slabp->s_mem - slabp->colouroff;
2197 slab_destroy_debugcheck(cachep, slabp);
2198 if (unlikely(cachep->flags & SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU)) {
2199 struct slab_rcu *slab_rcu;
2201 slab_rcu = (struct slab_rcu *)slabp;
2202 slab_rcu->cachep = cachep;
2203 slab_rcu->addr = addr;
2204 call_rcu(&slab_rcu->head, kmem_rcu_free);
2206 kmem_freepages(cachep, addr);
2207 if (OFF_SLAB(cachep))
2208 kmem_cache_free(cachep->slabp_cache, slabp);
2212 static void __kmem_cache_destroy(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
2215 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
2217 for_each_online_cpu(i)
2218 kfree(cachep->array[i]);
2220 /* NUMA: free the list3 structures */
2221 for_each_online_node(i) {
2222 l3 = cachep->nodelists[i];
2225 free_alien_cache(l3->alien);
2229 kmem_cache_free(&cache_cache, cachep);
2234 * calculate_slab_order - calculate size (page order) of slabs
2235 * @cachep: pointer to the cache that is being created
2236 * @size: size of objects to be created in this cache.
2237 * @align: required alignment for the objects.
2238 * @flags: slab allocation flags
2240 * Also calculates the number of objects per slab.
2242 * This could be made much more intelligent. For now, try to avoid using
2243 * high order pages for slabs. When the gfp() functions are more friendly
2244 * towards high-order requests, this should be changed.
2246 static size_t calculate_slab_order(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
2247 size_t size, size_t align, unsigned long flags)
2249 unsigned long offslab_limit;
2250 size_t left_over = 0;
2253 for (gfporder = 0; gfporder <= KMALLOC_MAX_ORDER; gfporder++) {
2257 cache_estimate(gfporder, size, align, flags, &remainder, &num);
2261 if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB) {
2263 * Max number of objs-per-slab for caches which
2264 * use off-slab slabs. Needed to avoid a possible
2265 * looping condition in cache_grow().
2267 offslab_limit = size - sizeof(struct slab);
2268 offslab_limit /= sizeof(kmem_bufctl_t);
2270 if (num > offslab_limit)
2274 /* Found something acceptable - save it away */
2276 cachep->gfporder = gfporder;
2277 left_over = remainder;
2280 * A VFS-reclaimable slab tends to have most allocations
2281 * as GFP_NOFS and we really don't want to have to be allocating
2282 * higher-order pages when we are unable to shrink dcache.
2284 if (flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT)
2288 * Large number of objects is good, but very large slabs are
2289 * currently bad for the gfp()s.
2291 if (gfporder >= slab_max_order)
2295 * Acceptable internal fragmentation?
2297 if (left_over * 8 <= (PAGE_SIZE << gfporder))
2303 static int __init_refok setup_cpu_cache(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t gfp)
2305 if (slab_state >= FULL)
2306 return enable_cpucache(cachep, gfp);
2308 if (slab_state == DOWN) {
2310 * Note: the first kmem_cache_create must create the cache
2311 * that's used by kmalloc(24), otherwise the creation of
2312 * further caches will BUG().
2314 cachep->array[smp_processor_id()] = &initarray_generic.cache;
2317 * If the cache that's used by kmalloc(sizeof(kmem_list3)) is
2318 * the first cache, then we need to set up all its list3s,
2319 * otherwise the creation of further caches will BUG().
2321 set_up_list3s(cachep, SIZE_AC);
2322 if (INDEX_AC == INDEX_L3)
2323 slab_state = PARTIAL_L3;
2325 slab_state = PARTIAL_ARRAYCACHE;
2327 cachep->array[smp_processor_id()] =
2328 kmalloc(sizeof(struct arraycache_init), gfp);
2330 if (slab_state == PARTIAL_ARRAYCACHE) {
2331 set_up_list3s(cachep, SIZE_L3);
2332 slab_state = PARTIAL_L3;
2335 for_each_online_node(node) {
2336 cachep->nodelists[node] =
2337 kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct kmem_list3),
2339 BUG_ON(!cachep->nodelists[node]);
2340 kmem_list3_init(cachep->nodelists[node]);
2344 cachep->nodelists[numa_mem_id()]->next_reap =
2345 jiffies + REAPTIMEOUT_LIST3 +
2346 ((unsigned long)cachep) % REAPTIMEOUT_LIST3;
2348 cpu_cache_get(cachep)->avail = 0;
2349 cpu_cache_get(cachep)->limit = BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES;
2350 cpu_cache_get(cachep)->batchcount = 1;
2351 cpu_cache_get(cachep)->touched = 0;
2352 cachep->batchcount = 1;
2353 cachep->limit = BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES;
2358 * __kmem_cache_create - Create a cache.
2359 * @name: A string which is used in /proc/slabinfo to identify this cache.
2360 * @size: The size of objects to be created in this cache.
2361 * @align: The required alignment for the objects.
2362 * @flags: SLAB flags
2363 * @ctor: A constructor for the objects.
2365 * Returns a ptr to the cache on success, NULL on failure.
2366 * Cannot be called within a int, but can be interrupted.
2367 * The @ctor is run when new pages are allocated by the cache.
2369 * @name must be valid until the cache is destroyed. This implies that
2370 * the module calling this has to destroy the cache before getting unloaded.
2374 * %SLAB_POISON - Poison the slab with a known test pattern (a5a5a5a5)
2375 * to catch references to uninitialised memory.
2377 * %SLAB_RED_ZONE - Insert `Red' zones around the allocated memory to check
2378 * for buffer overruns.
2380 * %SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN - Align the objects in this cache to a hardware
2381 * cacheline. This can be beneficial if you're counting cycles as closely
2385 __kmem_cache_create (const char *name, size_t size, size_t align,
2386 unsigned long flags, void (*ctor)(void *))
2388 size_t left_over, slab_size, ralign;
2389 struct kmem_cache *cachep = NULL;
2395 * Enable redzoning and last user accounting, except for caches with
2396 * large objects, if the increased size would increase the object size
2397 * above the next power of two: caches with object sizes just above a
2398 * power of two have a significant amount of internal fragmentation.
2400 if (size < 4096 || fls(size - 1) == fls(size-1 + REDZONE_ALIGN +
2401 2 * sizeof(unsigned long long)))
2402 flags |= SLAB_RED_ZONE | SLAB_STORE_USER;
2403 if (!(flags & SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU))
2404 flags |= SLAB_POISON;
2406 if (flags & SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU)
2407 BUG_ON(flags & SLAB_POISON);
2410 * Always checks flags, a caller might be expecting debug support which
2413 BUG_ON(flags & ~CREATE_MASK);
2416 * Check that size is in terms of words. This is needed to avoid
2417 * unaligned accesses for some archs when redzoning is used, and makes
2418 * sure any on-slab bufctl's are also correctly aligned.
2420 if (size & (BYTES_PER_WORD - 1)) {
2421 size += (BYTES_PER_WORD - 1);
2422 size &= ~(BYTES_PER_WORD - 1);
2425 /* calculate the final buffer alignment: */
2427 /* 1) arch recommendation: can be overridden for debug */
2428 if (flags & SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN) {
2430 * Default alignment: as specified by the arch code. Except if
2431 * an object is really small, then squeeze multiple objects into
2434 ralign = cache_line_size();
2435 while (size <= ralign / 2)
2438 ralign = BYTES_PER_WORD;
2442 * Redzoning and user store require word alignment or possibly larger.
2443 * Note this will be overridden by architecture or caller mandated
2444 * alignment if either is greater than BYTES_PER_WORD.
2446 if (flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
2447 ralign = BYTES_PER_WORD;
2449 if (flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
2450 ralign = REDZONE_ALIGN;
2451 /* If redzoning, ensure that the second redzone is suitably
2452 * aligned, by adjusting the object size accordingly. */
2453 size += REDZONE_ALIGN - 1;
2454 size &= ~(REDZONE_ALIGN - 1);
2457 /* 2) arch mandated alignment */
2458 if (ralign < ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN) {
2459 ralign = ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN;
2461 /* 3) caller mandated alignment */
2462 if (ralign < align) {
2465 /* disable debug if necessary */
2466 if (ralign > __alignof__(unsigned long long))
2467 flags &= ~(SLAB_RED_ZONE | SLAB_STORE_USER);
2473 if (slab_is_available())
2478 /* Get cache's description obj. */
2479 cachep = kmem_cache_zalloc(&cache_cache, gfp);
2483 cachep->nodelists = (struct kmem_list3 **)&cachep->array[nr_cpu_ids];
2484 cachep->object_size = size;
2485 cachep->align = align;
2489 * Both debugging options require word-alignment which is calculated
2492 if (flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
2493 /* add space for red zone words */
2494 cachep->obj_offset += sizeof(unsigned long long);
2495 size += 2 * sizeof(unsigned long long);
2497 if (flags & SLAB_STORE_USER) {
2498 /* user store requires one word storage behind the end of
2499 * the real object. But if the second red zone needs to be
2500 * aligned to 64 bits, we must allow that much space.
2502 if (flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE)
2503 size += REDZONE_ALIGN;
2505 size += BYTES_PER_WORD;
2507 #if FORCED_DEBUG && defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC)
2508 if (size >= malloc_sizes[INDEX_L3 + 1].cs_size
2509 && cachep->object_size > cache_line_size() && ALIGN(size, align) < PAGE_SIZE) {
2510 cachep->obj_offset += PAGE_SIZE - ALIGN(size, align);
2517 * Determine if the slab management is 'on' or 'off' slab.
2518 * (bootstrapping cannot cope with offslab caches so don't do
2519 * it too early on. Always use on-slab management when
2520 * SLAB_NOLEAKTRACE to avoid recursive calls into kmemleak)
2522 if ((size >= (PAGE_SIZE >> 3)) && !slab_early_init &&
2523 !(flags & SLAB_NOLEAKTRACE))
2525 * Size is large, assume best to place the slab management obj
2526 * off-slab (should allow better packing of objs).
2528 flags |= CFLGS_OFF_SLAB;
2530 size = ALIGN(size, align);
2532 left_over = calculate_slab_order(cachep, size, align, flags);
2536 "kmem_cache_create: couldn't create cache %s.\n", name);
2537 kmem_cache_free(&cache_cache, cachep);
2540 slab_size = ALIGN(cachep->num * sizeof(kmem_bufctl_t)
2541 + sizeof(struct slab), align);
2544 * If the slab has been placed off-slab, and we have enough space then
2545 * move it on-slab. This is at the expense of any extra colouring.
2547 if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB && left_over >= slab_size) {
2548 flags &= ~CFLGS_OFF_SLAB;
2549 left_over -= slab_size;
2552 if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB) {
2553 /* really off slab. No need for manual alignment */
2555 cachep->num * sizeof(kmem_bufctl_t) + sizeof(struct slab);
2557 #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_POISONING
2558 /* If we're going to use the generic kernel_map_pages()
2559 * poisoning, then it's going to smash the contents of
2560 * the redzone and userword anyhow, so switch them off.
2562 if (size % PAGE_SIZE == 0 && flags & SLAB_POISON)
2563 flags &= ~(SLAB_RED_ZONE | SLAB_STORE_USER);
2567 cachep->colour_off = cache_line_size();
2568 /* Offset must be a multiple of the alignment. */
2569 if (cachep->colour_off < align)
2570 cachep->colour_off = align;
2571 cachep->colour = left_over / cachep->colour_off;
2572 cachep->slab_size = slab_size;
2573 cachep->flags = flags;
2574 cachep->allocflags = 0;
2575 if (CONFIG_ZONE_DMA_FLAG && (flags & SLAB_CACHE_DMA))
2576 cachep->allocflags |= GFP_DMA;
2577 cachep->size = size;
2578 cachep->reciprocal_buffer_size = reciprocal_value(size);
2580 if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB) {
2581 cachep->slabp_cache = kmem_find_general_cachep(slab_size, 0u);
2583 * This is a possibility for one of the malloc_sizes caches.
2584 * But since we go off slab only for object size greater than
2585 * PAGE_SIZE/8, and malloc_sizes gets created in ascending order,
2586 * this should not happen at all.
2587 * But leave a BUG_ON for some lucky dude.
2589 BUG_ON(ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(cachep->slabp_cache));
2591 cachep->ctor = ctor;
2592 cachep->name = name;
2594 if (setup_cpu_cache(cachep, gfp)) {
2595 __kmem_cache_destroy(cachep);
2599 if (flags & SLAB_DEBUG_OBJECTS) {
2601 * Would deadlock through slab_destroy()->call_rcu()->
2602 * debug_object_activate()->kmem_cache_alloc().
2604 WARN_ON_ONCE(flags & SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU);
2606 slab_set_debugobj_lock_classes(cachep);
2609 /* cache setup completed, link it into the list */
2610 list_add(&cachep->list, &slab_caches);
2615 static void check_irq_off(void)
2617 BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
2620 static void check_irq_on(void)
2622 BUG_ON(irqs_disabled());
2625 static void check_spinlock_acquired(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
2629 assert_spin_locked(&cachep->nodelists[numa_mem_id()]->list_lock);
2633 static void check_spinlock_acquired_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep, int node)
2637 assert_spin_locked(&cachep->nodelists[node]->list_lock);
2642 #define check_irq_off() do { } while(0)
2643 #define check_irq_on() do { } while(0)
2644 #define check_spinlock_acquired(x) do { } while(0)
2645 #define check_spinlock_acquired_node(x, y) do { } while(0)
2648 static void drain_array(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct kmem_list3 *l3,
2649 struct array_cache *ac,
2650 int force, int node);
2652 static void do_drain(void *arg)
2654 struct kmem_cache *cachep = arg;
2655 struct array_cache *ac;
2656 int node = numa_mem_id();
2659 ac = cpu_cache_get(cachep);
2660 spin_lock(&cachep->nodelists[node]->list_lock);
2661 free_block(cachep, ac->entry, ac->avail, node);
2662 spin_unlock(&cachep->nodelists[node]->list_lock);
2666 static void drain_cpu_caches(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
2668 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
2671 on_each_cpu(do_drain, cachep, 1);
2673 for_each_online_node(node) {
2674 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
2675 if (l3 && l3->alien)
2676 drain_alien_cache(cachep, l3->alien);
2679 for_each_online_node(node) {
2680 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
2682 drain_array(cachep, l3, l3->shared, 1, node);
2687 * Remove slabs from the list of free slabs.
2688 * Specify the number of slabs to drain in tofree.
2690 * Returns the actual number of slabs released.
2692 static int drain_freelist(struct kmem_cache *cache,
2693 struct kmem_list3 *l3, int tofree)
2695 struct list_head *p;
2700 while (nr_freed < tofree && !list_empty(&l3->slabs_free)) {
2702 spin_lock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
2703 p = l3->slabs_free.prev;
2704 if (p == &l3->slabs_free) {
2705 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
2709 slabp = list_entry(p, struct slab, list);
2711 BUG_ON(slabp->inuse);
2713 list_del(&slabp->list);
2715 * Safe to drop the lock. The slab is no longer linked
2718 l3->free_objects -= cache->num;
2719 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
2720 slab_destroy(cache, slabp);
2727 /* Called with slab_mutex held to protect against cpu hotplug */
2728 static int __cache_shrink(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
2731 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
2733 drain_cpu_caches(cachep);
2736 for_each_online_node(i) {
2737 l3 = cachep->nodelists[i];
2741 drain_freelist(cachep, l3, l3->free_objects);
2743 ret += !list_empty(&l3->slabs_full) ||
2744 !list_empty(&l3->slabs_partial);
2746 return (ret ? 1 : 0);
2750 * kmem_cache_shrink - Shrink a cache.
2751 * @cachep: The cache to shrink.
2753 * Releases as many slabs as possible for a cache.
2754 * To help debugging, a zero exit status indicates all slabs were released.
2756 int kmem_cache_shrink(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
2759 BUG_ON(!cachep || in_interrupt());
2762 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
2763 ret = __cache_shrink(cachep);
2764 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
2768 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_shrink);
2771 * kmem_cache_destroy - delete a cache
2772 * @cachep: the cache to destroy
2774 * Remove a &struct kmem_cache object from the slab cache.
2776 * It is expected this function will be called by a module when it is
2777 * unloaded. This will remove the cache completely, and avoid a duplicate
2778 * cache being allocated each time a module is loaded and unloaded, if the
2779 * module doesn't have persistent in-kernel storage across loads and unloads.
2781 * The cache must be empty before calling this function.
2783 * The caller must guarantee that no one will allocate memory from the cache
2784 * during the kmem_cache_destroy().
2786 void kmem_cache_destroy(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
2788 BUG_ON(!cachep || in_interrupt());
2790 /* Find the cache in the chain of caches. */
2792 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
2794 * the chain is never empty, cache_cache is never destroyed
2796 list_del(&cachep->list);
2797 if (__cache_shrink(cachep)) {
2798 slab_error(cachep, "Can't free all objects");
2799 list_add(&cachep->list, &slab_caches);
2800 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
2805 if (unlikely(cachep->flags & SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU))
2808 __kmem_cache_destroy(cachep);
2809 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
2812 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_destroy);
2815 * Get the memory for a slab management obj.
2816 * For a slab cache when the slab descriptor is off-slab, slab descriptors
2817 * always come from malloc_sizes caches. The slab descriptor cannot
2818 * come from the same cache which is getting created because,
2819 * when we are searching for an appropriate cache for these
2820 * descriptors in kmem_cache_create, we search through the malloc_sizes array.
2821 * If we are creating a malloc_sizes cache here it would not be visible to
2822 * kmem_find_general_cachep till the initialization is complete.
2823 * Hence we cannot have slabp_cache same as the original cache.
2825 static struct slab *alloc_slabmgmt(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp,
2826 int colour_off, gfp_t local_flags,
2831 if (OFF_SLAB(cachep)) {
2832 /* Slab management obj is off-slab. */
2833 slabp = kmem_cache_alloc_node(cachep->slabp_cache,
2834 local_flags, nodeid);
2836 * If the first object in the slab is leaked (it's allocated
2837 * but no one has a reference to it), we want to make sure
2838 * kmemleak does not treat the ->s_mem pointer as a reference
2839 * to the object. Otherwise we will not report the leak.
2841 kmemleak_scan_area(&slabp->list, sizeof(struct list_head),
2846 slabp = objp + colour_off;
2847 colour_off += cachep->slab_size;
2850 slabp->colouroff = colour_off;
2851 slabp->s_mem = objp + colour_off;
2852 slabp->nodeid = nodeid;
2857 static inline kmem_bufctl_t *slab_bufctl(struct slab *slabp)
2859 return (kmem_bufctl_t *) (slabp + 1);
2862 static void cache_init_objs(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
2867 for (i = 0; i < cachep->num; i++) {
2868 void *objp = index_to_obj(cachep, slabp, i);
2870 /* need to poison the objs? */
2871 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON)
2872 poison_obj(cachep, objp, POISON_FREE);
2873 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
2874 *dbg_userword(cachep, objp) = NULL;
2876 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
2877 *dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) = RED_INACTIVE;
2878 *dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) = RED_INACTIVE;
2881 * Constructors are not allowed to allocate memory from the same
2882 * cache which they are a constructor for. Otherwise, deadlock.
2883 * They must also be threaded.
2885 if (cachep->ctor && !(cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON))
2886 cachep->ctor(objp + obj_offset(cachep));
2888 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
2889 if (*dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) != RED_INACTIVE)
2890 slab_error(cachep, "constructor overwrote the"
2891 " end of an object");
2892 if (*dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) != RED_INACTIVE)
2893 slab_error(cachep, "constructor overwrote the"
2894 " start of an object");
2896 if ((cachep->size % PAGE_SIZE) == 0 &&
2897 OFF_SLAB(cachep) && cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON)
2898 kernel_map_pages(virt_to_page(objp),
2899 cachep->size / PAGE_SIZE, 0);
2904 slab_bufctl(slabp)[i] = i + 1;
2906 slab_bufctl(slabp)[i - 1] = BUFCTL_END;
2909 static void kmem_flagcheck(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
2911 if (CONFIG_ZONE_DMA_FLAG) {
2912 if (flags & GFP_DMA)
2913 BUG_ON(!(cachep->allocflags & GFP_DMA));
2915 BUG_ON(cachep->allocflags & GFP_DMA);
2919 static void *slab_get_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct slab *slabp,
2922 void *objp = index_to_obj(cachep, slabp, slabp->free);
2926 next = slab_bufctl(slabp)[slabp->free];
2928 slab_bufctl(slabp)[slabp->free] = BUFCTL_FREE;
2929 WARN_ON(slabp->nodeid != nodeid);
2936 static void slab_put_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct slab *slabp,
2937 void *objp, int nodeid)
2939 unsigned int objnr = obj_to_index(cachep, slabp, objp);
2942 /* Verify that the slab belongs to the intended node */
2943 WARN_ON(slabp->nodeid != nodeid);
2945 if (slab_bufctl(slabp)[objnr] + 1 <= SLAB_LIMIT + 1) {
2946 printk(KERN_ERR "slab: double free detected in cache "
2947 "'%s', objp %p\n", cachep->name, objp);
2951 slab_bufctl(slabp)[objnr] = slabp->free;
2952 slabp->free = objnr;
2957 * Map pages beginning at addr to the given cache and slab. This is required
2958 * for the slab allocator to be able to lookup the cache and slab of a
2959 * virtual address for kfree, ksize, and slab debugging.
2961 static void slab_map_pages(struct kmem_cache *cache, struct slab *slab,
2967 page = virt_to_page(addr);
2970 if (likely(!PageCompound(page)))
2971 nr_pages <<= cache->gfporder;
2974 page->slab_cache = cache;
2975 page->slab_page = slab;
2977 } while (--nr_pages);
2981 * Grow (by 1) the number of slabs within a cache. This is called by
2982 * kmem_cache_alloc() when there are no active objs left in a cache.
2984 static int cache_grow(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
2985 gfp_t flags, int nodeid, void *objp)
2990 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
2993 * Be lazy and only check for valid flags here, keeping it out of the
2994 * critical path in kmem_cache_alloc().
2996 BUG_ON(flags & GFP_SLAB_BUG_MASK);
2997 local_flags = flags & (GFP_CONSTRAINT_MASK|GFP_RECLAIM_MASK);
2999 /* Take the l3 list lock to change the colour_next on this node */
3001 l3 = cachep->nodelists[nodeid];
3002 spin_lock(&l3->list_lock);
3004 /* Get colour for the slab, and cal the next value. */
3005 offset = l3->colour_next;
3007 if (l3->colour_next >= cachep->colour)
3008 l3->colour_next = 0;
3009 spin_unlock(&l3->list_lock);
3011 offset *= cachep->colour_off;
3013 if (local_flags & __GFP_WAIT)
3017 * The test for missing atomic flag is performed here, rather than
3018 * the more obvious place, simply to reduce the critical path length
3019 * in kmem_cache_alloc(). If a caller is seriously mis-behaving they
3020 * will eventually be caught here (where it matters).
3022 kmem_flagcheck(cachep, flags);
3025 * Get mem for the objs. Attempt to allocate a physical page from
3029 objp = kmem_getpages(cachep, local_flags, nodeid);
3033 /* Get slab management. */
3034 slabp = alloc_slabmgmt(cachep, objp, offset,
3035 local_flags & ~GFP_CONSTRAINT_MASK, nodeid);
3039 slab_map_pages(cachep, slabp, objp);
3041 cache_init_objs(cachep, slabp);
3043 if (local_flags & __GFP_WAIT)
3044 local_irq_disable();
3046 spin_lock(&l3->list_lock);
3048 /* Make slab active. */
3049 list_add_tail(&slabp->list, &(l3->slabs_free));
3050 STATS_INC_GROWN(cachep);
3051 l3->free_objects += cachep->num;
3052 spin_unlock(&l3->list_lock);
3055 kmem_freepages(cachep, objp);
3057 if (local_flags & __GFP_WAIT)
3058 local_irq_disable();
3065 * Perform extra freeing checks:
3066 * - detect bad pointers.
3067 * - POISON/RED_ZONE checking
3069 static void kfree_debugcheck(const void *objp)
3071 if (!virt_addr_valid(objp)) {
3072 printk(KERN_ERR "kfree_debugcheck: out of range ptr %lxh.\n",
3073 (unsigned long)objp);
3078 static inline void verify_redzone_free(struct kmem_cache *cache, void *obj)
3080 unsigned long long redzone1, redzone2;
3082 redzone1 = *dbg_redzone1(cache, obj);
3083 redzone2 = *dbg_redzone2(cache, obj);
3088 if (redzone1 == RED_ACTIVE && redzone2 == RED_ACTIVE)
3091 if (redzone1 == RED_INACTIVE && redzone2 == RED_INACTIVE)
3092 slab_error(cache, "double free detected");
3094 slab_error(cache, "memory outside object was overwritten");
3096 printk(KERN_ERR "%p: redzone 1:0x%llx, redzone 2:0x%llx.\n",
3097 obj, redzone1, redzone2);
3100 static void *cache_free_debugcheck(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp,
3107 BUG_ON(virt_to_cache(objp) != cachep);
3109 objp -= obj_offset(cachep);
3110 kfree_debugcheck(objp);
3111 page = virt_to_head_page(objp);
3113 slabp = page->slab_page;
3115 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
3116 verify_redzone_free(cachep, objp);
3117 *dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) = RED_INACTIVE;
3118 *dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) = RED_INACTIVE;
3120 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
3121 *dbg_userword(cachep, objp) = caller;
3123 objnr = obj_to_index(cachep, slabp, objp);
3125 BUG_ON(objnr >= cachep->num);
3126 BUG_ON(objp != index_to_obj(cachep, slabp, objnr));
3128 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK
3129 slab_bufctl(slabp)[objnr] = BUFCTL_FREE;
3131 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON) {
3132 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
3133 if ((cachep->size % PAGE_SIZE)==0 && OFF_SLAB(cachep)) {
3134 store_stackinfo(cachep, objp, (unsigned long)caller);
3135 kernel_map_pages(virt_to_page(objp),
3136 cachep->size / PAGE_SIZE, 0);
3138 poison_obj(cachep, objp, POISON_FREE);
3141 poison_obj(cachep, objp, POISON_FREE);
3147 static void check_slabp(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct slab *slabp)
3152 /* Check slab's freelist to see if this obj is there. */
3153 for (i = slabp->free; i != BUFCTL_END; i = slab_bufctl(slabp)[i]) {
3155 if (entries > cachep->num || i >= cachep->num)
3158 if (entries != cachep->num - slabp->inuse) {
3160 printk(KERN_ERR "slab: Internal list corruption detected in "
3161 "cache '%s'(%d), slabp %p(%d). Tainted(%s). Hexdump:\n",
3162 cachep->name, cachep->num, slabp, slabp->inuse,
3164 print_hex_dump(KERN_ERR, "", DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET, 16, 1, slabp,
3165 sizeof(*slabp) + cachep->num * sizeof(kmem_bufctl_t),
3171 #define kfree_debugcheck(x) do { } while(0)
3172 #define cache_free_debugcheck(x,objp,z) (objp)
3173 #define check_slabp(x,y) do { } while(0)
3176 static void *cache_alloc_refill(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags,
3180 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
3181 struct array_cache *ac;
3185 node = numa_mem_id();
3186 if (unlikely(force_refill))
3189 ac = cpu_cache_get(cachep);
3190 batchcount = ac->batchcount;
3191 if (!ac->touched && batchcount > BATCHREFILL_LIMIT) {
3193 * If there was little recent activity on this cache, then
3194 * perform only a partial refill. Otherwise we could generate
3197 batchcount = BATCHREFILL_LIMIT;
3199 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
3201 BUG_ON(ac->avail > 0 || !l3);
3202 spin_lock(&l3->list_lock);
3204 /* See if we can refill from the shared array */
3205 if (l3->shared && transfer_objects(ac, l3->shared, batchcount)) {
3206 l3->shared->touched = 1;
3210 while (batchcount > 0) {
3211 struct list_head *entry;
3213 /* Get slab alloc is to come from. */
3214 entry = l3->slabs_partial.next;
3215 if (entry == &l3->slabs_partial) {
3216 l3->free_touched = 1;
3217 entry = l3->slabs_free.next;
3218 if (entry == &l3->slabs_free)
3222 slabp = list_entry(entry, struct slab, list);
3223 check_slabp(cachep, slabp);
3224 check_spinlock_acquired(cachep);
3227 * The slab was either on partial or free list so
3228 * there must be at least one object available for
3231 BUG_ON(slabp->inuse >= cachep->num);
3233 while (slabp->inuse < cachep->num && batchcount--) {
3234 STATS_INC_ALLOCED(cachep);
3235 STATS_INC_ACTIVE(cachep);
3236 STATS_SET_HIGH(cachep);
3238 ac_put_obj(cachep, ac, slab_get_obj(cachep, slabp,
3241 check_slabp(cachep, slabp);
3243 /* move slabp to correct slabp list: */
3244 list_del(&slabp->list);
3245 if (slabp->free == BUFCTL_END)
3246 list_add(&slabp->list, &l3->slabs_full);
3248 list_add(&slabp->list, &l3->slabs_partial);
3252 l3->free_objects -= ac->avail;
3254 spin_unlock(&l3->list_lock);
3256 if (unlikely(!ac->avail)) {
3259 x = cache_grow(cachep, flags | GFP_THISNODE, node, NULL);
3261 /* cache_grow can reenable interrupts, then ac could change. */
3262 ac = cpu_cache_get(cachep);
3264 /* no objects in sight? abort */
3265 if (!x && (ac->avail == 0 || force_refill))
3268 if (!ac->avail) /* objects refilled by interrupt? */
3273 return ac_get_obj(cachep, ac, flags, force_refill);
3276 static inline void cache_alloc_debugcheck_before(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
3279 might_sleep_if(flags & __GFP_WAIT);
3281 kmem_flagcheck(cachep, flags);
3286 static void *cache_alloc_debugcheck_after(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
3287 gfp_t flags, void *objp, void *caller)
3291 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON) {
3292 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
3293 if ((cachep->size % PAGE_SIZE) == 0 && OFF_SLAB(cachep))
3294 kernel_map_pages(virt_to_page(objp),
3295 cachep->size / PAGE_SIZE, 1);
3297 check_poison_obj(cachep, objp);
3299 check_poison_obj(cachep, objp);
3301 poison_obj(cachep, objp, POISON_INUSE);
3303 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
3304 *dbg_userword(cachep, objp) = caller;
3306 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
3307 if (*dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) != RED_INACTIVE ||
3308 *dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) != RED_INACTIVE) {
3309 slab_error(cachep, "double free, or memory outside"
3310 " object was overwritten");
3312 "%p: redzone 1:0x%llx, redzone 2:0x%llx\n",
3313 objp, *dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp),
3314 *dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp));
3316 *dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) = RED_ACTIVE;
3317 *dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) = RED_ACTIVE;
3319 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK
3324 slabp = virt_to_head_page(objp)->slab_page;
3325 objnr = (unsigned)(objp - slabp->s_mem) / cachep->size;
3326 slab_bufctl(slabp)[objnr] = BUFCTL_ACTIVE;
3329 objp += obj_offset(cachep);
3330 if (cachep->ctor && cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON)
3332 if (ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN &&
3333 ((unsigned long)objp & (ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN-1))) {
3334 printk(KERN_ERR "0x%p: not aligned to ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN=%d\n",
3335 objp, (int)ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN);
3340 #define cache_alloc_debugcheck_after(a,b,objp,d) (objp)
3343 static bool slab_should_failslab(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
3345 if (cachep == &cache_cache)
3348 return should_failslab(cachep->object_size, flags, cachep->flags);
3351 static inline void *____cache_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
3354 struct array_cache *ac;
3355 bool force_refill = false;
3359 ac = cpu_cache_get(cachep);
3360 if (likely(ac->avail)) {
3362 objp = ac_get_obj(cachep, ac, flags, false);
3365 * Allow for the possibility all avail objects are not allowed
3366 * by the current flags
3369 STATS_INC_ALLOCHIT(cachep);
3372 force_refill = true;
3375 STATS_INC_ALLOCMISS(cachep);
3376 objp = cache_alloc_refill(cachep, flags, force_refill);
3378 * the 'ac' may be updated by cache_alloc_refill(),
3379 * and kmemleak_erase() requires its correct value.
3381 ac = cpu_cache_get(cachep);
3385 * To avoid a false negative, if an object that is in one of the
3386 * per-CPU caches is leaked, we need to make sure kmemleak doesn't
3387 * treat the array pointers as a reference to the object.
3390 kmemleak_erase(&ac->entry[ac->avail]);
3396 * Try allocating on another node if PF_SPREAD_SLAB|PF_MEMPOLICY.
3398 * If we are in_interrupt, then process context, including cpusets and
3399 * mempolicy, may not apply and should not be used for allocation policy.
3401 static void *alternate_node_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
3403 int nid_alloc, nid_here;
3405 if (in_interrupt() || (flags & __GFP_THISNODE))
3407 nid_alloc = nid_here = numa_mem_id();
3408 if (cpuset_do_slab_mem_spread() && (cachep->flags & SLAB_MEM_SPREAD))
3409 nid_alloc = cpuset_slab_spread_node();
3410 else if (current->mempolicy)
3411 nid_alloc = slab_node();
3412 if (nid_alloc != nid_here)
3413 return ____cache_alloc_node(cachep, flags, nid_alloc);
3418 * Fallback function if there was no memory available and no objects on a
3419 * certain node and fall back is permitted. First we scan all the
3420 * available nodelists for available objects. If that fails then we
3421 * perform an allocation without specifying a node. This allows the page
3422 * allocator to do its reclaim / fallback magic. We then insert the
3423 * slab into the proper nodelist and then allocate from it.
3425 static void *fallback_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cache, gfp_t flags)
3427 struct zonelist *zonelist;
3431 enum zone_type high_zoneidx = gfp_zone(flags);
3434 unsigned int cpuset_mems_cookie;
3436 if (flags & __GFP_THISNODE)
3439 local_flags = flags & (GFP_CONSTRAINT_MASK|GFP_RECLAIM_MASK);
3442 cpuset_mems_cookie = get_mems_allowed();
3443 zonelist = node_zonelist(slab_node(), flags);
3447 * Look through allowed nodes for objects available
3448 * from existing per node queues.
3450 for_each_zone_zonelist(zone, z, zonelist, high_zoneidx) {
3451 nid = zone_to_nid(zone);
3453 if (cpuset_zone_allowed_hardwall(zone, flags) &&
3454 cache->nodelists[nid] &&
3455 cache->nodelists[nid]->free_objects) {
3456 obj = ____cache_alloc_node(cache,
3457 flags | GFP_THISNODE, nid);
3465 * This allocation will be performed within the constraints
3466 * of the current cpuset / memory policy requirements.
3467 * We may trigger various forms of reclaim on the allowed
3468 * set and go into memory reserves if necessary.
3470 if (local_flags & __GFP_WAIT)
3472 kmem_flagcheck(cache, flags);
3473 obj = kmem_getpages(cache, local_flags, numa_mem_id());
3474 if (local_flags & __GFP_WAIT)
3475 local_irq_disable();
3478 * Insert into the appropriate per node queues
3480 nid = page_to_nid(virt_to_page(obj));
3481 if (cache_grow(cache, flags, nid, obj)) {
3482 obj = ____cache_alloc_node(cache,
3483 flags | GFP_THISNODE, nid);
3486 * Another processor may allocate the
3487 * objects in the slab since we are
3488 * not holding any locks.
3492 /* cache_grow already freed obj */
3498 if (unlikely(!put_mems_allowed(cpuset_mems_cookie) && !obj))
3504 * A interface to enable slab creation on nodeid
3506 static void *____cache_alloc_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags,
3509 struct list_head *entry;
3511 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
3515 l3 = cachep->nodelists[nodeid];
3520 spin_lock(&l3->list_lock);
3521 entry = l3->slabs_partial.next;
3522 if (entry == &l3->slabs_partial) {
3523 l3->free_touched = 1;
3524 entry = l3->slabs_free.next;
3525 if (entry == &l3->slabs_free)
3529 slabp = list_entry(entry, struct slab, list);
3530 check_spinlock_acquired_node(cachep, nodeid);
3531 check_slabp(cachep, slabp);
3533 STATS_INC_NODEALLOCS(cachep);
3534 STATS_INC_ACTIVE(cachep);
3535 STATS_SET_HIGH(cachep);
3537 BUG_ON(slabp->inuse == cachep->num);
3539 obj = slab_get_obj(cachep, slabp, nodeid);
3540 check_slabp(cachep, slabp);
3542 /* move slabp to correct slabp list: */
3543 list_del(&slabp->list);
3545 if (slabp->free == BUFCTL_END)
3546 list_add(&slabp->list, &l3->slabs_full);
3548 list_add(&slabp->list, &l3->slabs_partial);
3550 spin_unlock(&l3->list_lock);
3554 spin_unlock(&l3->list_lock);
3555 x = cache_grow(cachep, flags | GFP_THISNODE, nodeid, NULL);
3559 return fallback_alloc(cachep, flags);
3566 * kmem_cache_alloc_node - Allocate an object on the specified node
3567 * @cachep: The cache to allocate from.
3568 * @flags: See kmalloc().
3569 * @nodeid: node number of the target node.
3570 * @caller: return address of caller, used for debug information
3572 * Identical to kmem_cache_alloc but it will allocate memory on the given
3573 * node, which can improve the performance for cpu bound structures.
3575 * Fallback to other node is possible if __GFP_THISNODE is not set.
3577 static __always_inline void *
3578 __cache_alloc_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags, int nodeid,
3581 unsigned long save_flags;
3583 int slab_node = numa_mem_id();
3585 flags &= gfp_allowed_mask;
3587 lockdep_trace_alloc(flags);
3589 if (slab_should_failslab(cachep, flags))
3592 cache_alloc_debugcheck_before(cachep, flags);
3593 local_irq_save(save_flags);
3595 if (nodeid == NUMA_NO_NODE)
3598 if (unlikely(!cachep->nodelists[nodeid])) {
3599 /* Node not bootstrapped yet */
3600 ptr = fallback_alloc(cachep, flags);
3604 if (nodeid == slab_node) {
3606 * Use the locally cached objects if possible.
3607 * However ____cache_alloc does not allow fallback
3608 * to other nodes. It may fail while we still have
3609 * objects on other nodes available.
3611 ptr = ____cache_alloc(cachep, flags);
3615 /* ___cache_alloc_node can fall back to other nodes */
3616 ptr = ____cache_alloc_node(cachep, flags, nodeid);
3618 local_irq_restore(save_flags);
3619 ptr = cache_alloc_debugcheck_after(cachep, flags, ptr, caller);
3620 kmemleak_alloc_recursive(ptr, cachep->object_size, 1, cachep->flags,
3624 kmemcheck_slab_alloc(cachep, flags, ptr, cachep->object_size);
3626 if (unlikely((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && ptr))
3627 memset(ptr, 0, cachep->object_size);
3632 static __always_inline void *
3633 __do_cache_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cache, gfp_t flags)
3637 if (unlikely(current->flags & (PF_SPREAD_SLAB | PF_MEMPOLICY))) {
3638 objp = alternate_node_alloc(cache, flags);
3642 objp = ____cache_alloc(cache, flags);
3645 * We may just have run out of memory on the local node.
3646 * ____cache_alloc_node() knows how to locate memory on other nodes
3649 objp = ____cache_alloc_node(cache, flags, numa_mem_id());
3656 static __always_inline void *
3657 __do_cache_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
3659 return ____cache_alloc(cachep, flags);
3662 #endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */
3664 static __always_inline void *
3665 __cache_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags, void *caller)
3667 unsigned long save_flags;
3670 flags &= gfp_allowed_mask;
3672 lockdep_trace_alloc(flags);
3674 if (slab_should_failslab(cachep, flags))
3677 cache_alloc_debugcheck_before(cachep, flags);
3678 local_irq_save(save_flags);
3679 objp = __do_cache_alloc(cachep, flags);
3680 local_irq_restore(save_flags);
3681 objp = cache_alloc_debugcheck_after(cachep, flags, objp, caller);
3682 kmemleak_alloc_recursive(objp, cachep->object_size, 1, cachep->flags,
3687 kmemcheck_slab_alloc(cachep, flags, objp, cachep->object_size);
3689 if (unlikely((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp))
3690 memset(objp, 0, cachep->object_size);
3696 * Caller needs to acquire correct kmem_list's list_lock
3698 static void free_block(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void **objpp, int nr_objects,
3702 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
3704 for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
3708 clear_obj_pfmemalloc(&objpp[i]);
3711 slabp = virt_to_slab(objp);
3712 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
3713 list_del(&slabp->list);
3714 check_spinlock_acquired_node(cachep, node);
3715 check_slabp(cachep, slabp);
3716 slab_put_obj(cachep, slabp, objp, node);
3717 STATS_DEC_ACTIVE(cachep);
3719 check_slabp(cachep, slabp);
3721 /* fixup slab chains */
3722 if (slabp->inuse == 0) {
3723 if (l3->free_objects > l3->free_limit) {
3724 l3->free_objects -= cachep->num;
3725 /* No need to drop any previously held
3726 * lock here, even if we have a off-slab slab
3727 * descriptor it is guaranteed to come from
3728 * a different cache, refer to comments before
3731 slab_destroy(cachep, slabp);
3733 list_add(&slabp->list, &l3->slabs_free);
3736 /* Unconditionally move a slab to the end of the
3737 * partial list on free - maximum time for the
3738 * other objects to be freed, too.
3740 list_add_tail(&slabp->list, &l3->slabs_partial);
3745 static void cache_flusharray(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct array_cache *ac)
3748 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
3749 int node = numa_mem_id();
3751 batchcount = ac->batchcount;
3753 BUG_ON(!batchcount || batchcount > ac->avail);
3756 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
3757 spin_lock(&l3->list_lock);
3759 struct array_cache *shared_array = l3->shared;
3760 int max = shared_array->limit - shared_array->avail;
3762 if (batchcount > max)
3764 memcpy(&(shared_array->entry[shared_array->avail]),
3765 ac->entry, sizeof(void *) * batchcount);
3766 shared_array->avail += batchcount;
3771 free_block(cachep, ac->entry, batchcount, node);
3776 struct list_head *p;
3778 p = l3->slabs_free.next;
3779 while (p != &(l3->slabs_free)) {
3782 slabp = list_entry(p, struct slab, list);
3783 BUG_ON(slabp->inuse);
3788 STATS_SET_FREEABLE(cachep, i);
3791 spin_unlock(&l3->list_lock);
3792 ac->avail -= batchcount;
3793 memmove(ac->entry, &(ac->entry[batchcount]), sizeof(void *)*ac->avail);
3797 * Release an obj back to its cache. If the obj has a constructed state, it must
3798 * be in this state _before_ it is released. Called with disabled ints.
3800 static inline void __cache_free(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp,
3803 struct array_cache *ac = cpu_cache_get(cachep);
3806 kmemleak_free_recursive(objp, cachep->flags);
3807 objp = cache_free_debugcheck(cachep, objp, caller);
3809 kmemcheck_slab_free(cachep, objp, cachep->object_size);
3812 * Skip calling cache_free_alien() when the platform is not numa.
3813 * This will avoid cache misses that happen while accessing slabp (which
3814 * is per page memory reference) to get nodeid. Instead use a global
3815 * variable to skip the call, which is mostly likely to be present in
3818 if (nr_online_nodes > 1 && cache_free_alien(cachep, objp))
3821 if (likely(ac->avail < ac->limit)) {
3822 STATS_INC_FREEHIT(cachep);
3824 STATS_INC_FREEMISS(cachep);
3825 cache_flusharray(cachep, ac);
3828 ac_put_obj(cachep, ac, objp);
3832 * kmem_cache_alloc - Allocate an object
3833 * @cachep: The cache to allocate from.
3834 * @flags: See kmalloc().
3836 * Allocate an object from this cache. The flags are only relevant
3837 * if the cache has no available objects.
3839 void *kmem_cache_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
3841 void *ret = __cache_alloc(cachep, flags, __builtin_return_address(0));
3843 trace_kmem_cache_alloc(_RET_IP_, ret,
3844 cachep->object_size, cachep->size, flags);
3848 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_alloc);
3850 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
3852 kmem_cache_alloc_trace(size_t size, struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
3856 ret = __cache_alloc(cachep, flags, __builtin_return_address(0));
3858 trace_kmalloc(_RET_IP_, ret,
3859 size, slab_buffer_size(cachep), flags);
3862 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_alloc_trace);
3866 void *kmem_cache_alloc_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags, int nodeid)
3868 void *ret = __cache_alloc_node(cachep, flags, nodeid,
3869 __builtin_return_address(0));
3871 trace_kmem_cache_alloc_node(_RET_IP_, ret,
3872 cachep->object_size, cachep->size,
3877 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_alloc_node);
3879 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
3880 void *kmem_cache_alloc_node_trace(size_t size,
3881 struct kmem_cache *cachep,
3887 ret = __cache_alloc_node(cachep, flags, nodeid,
3888 __builtin_return_address(0));
3889 trace_kmalloc_node(_RET_IP_, ret,
3890 size, slab_buffer_size(cachep),
3894 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_alloc_node_trace);
3897 static __always_inline void *
3898 __do_kmalloc_node(size_t size, gfp_t flags, int node, void *caller)
3900 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
3902 cachep = kmem_find_general_cachep(size, flags);
3903 if (unlikely(ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(cachep)))
3905 return kmem_cache_alloc_node_trace(size, cachep, flags, node);
3908 #if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB) || defined(CONFIG_TRACING)
3909 void *__kmalloc_node(size_t size, gfp_t flags, int node)
3911 return __do_kmalloc_node(size, flags, node,
3912 __builtin_return_address(0));
3914 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kmalloc_node);
3916 void *__kmalloc_node_track_caller(size_t size, gfp_t flags,
3917 int node, unsigned long caller)
3919 return __do_kmalloc_node(size, flags, node, (void *)caller);
3921 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kmalloc_node_track_caller);
3923 void *__kmalloc_node(size_t size, gfp_t flags, int node)
3925 return __do_kmalloc_node(size, flags, node, NULL);
3927 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kmalloc_node);
3928 #endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB || CONFIG_TRACING */
3929 #endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */
3932 * __do_kmalloc - allocate memory
3933 * @size: how many bytes of memory are required.
3934 * @flags: the type of memory to allocate (see kmalloc).
3935 * @caller: function caller for debug tracking of the caller
3937 static __always_inline void *__do_kmalloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags,
3940 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
3943 /* If you want to save a few bytes .text space: replace
3945 * Then kmalloc uses the uninlined functions instead of the inline
3948 cachep = __find_general_cachep(size, flags);
3949 if (unlikely(ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(cachep)))
3951 ret = __cache_alloc(cachep, flags, caller);
3953 trace_kmalloc((unsigned long) caller, ret,
3954 size, cachep->size, flags);
3960 #if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB) || defined(CONFIG_TRACING)
3961 void *__kmalloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags)
3963 return __do_kmalloc(size, flags, __builtin_return_address(0));
3965 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kmalloc);
3967 void *__kmalloc_track_caller(size_t size, gfp_t flags, unsigned long caller)
3969 return __do_kmalloc(size, flags, (void *)caller);
3971 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kmalloc_track_caller);
3974 void *__kmalloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags)
3976 return __do_kmalloc(size, flags, NULL);
3978 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kmalloc);
3982 * kmem_cache_free - Deallocate an object
3983 * @cachep: The cache the allocation was from.
3984 * @objp: The previously allocated object.
3986 * Free an object which was previously allocated from this
3989 void kmem_cache_free(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
3991 unsigned long flags;
3993 local_irq_save(flags);
3994 debug_check_no_locks_freed(objp, cachep->object_size);
3995 if (!(cachep->flags & SLAB_DEBUG_OBJECTS))
3996 debug_check_no_obj_freed(objp, cachep->object_size);
3997 __cache_free(cachep, objp, __builtin_return_address(0));
3998 local_irq_restore(flags);
4000 trace_kmem_cache_free(_RET_IP_, objp);
4002 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_free);
4005 * kfree - free previously allocated memory
4006 * @objp: pointer returned by kmalloc.
4008 * If @objp is NULL, no operation is performed.
4010 * Don't free memory not originally allocated by kmalloc()
4011 * or you will run into trouble.
4013 void kfree(const void *objp)
4015 struct kmem_cache *c;
4016 unsigned long flags;
4018 trace_kfree(_RET_IP_, objp);
4020 if (unlikely(ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(objp)))
4022 local_irq_save(flags);
4023 kfree_debugcheck(objp);
4024 c = virt_to_cache(objp);
4025 debug_check_no_locks_freed(objp, c->object_size);
4027 debug_check_no_obj_freed(objp, c->object_size);
4028 __cache_free(c, (void *)objp, __builtin_return_address(0));
4029 local_irq_restore(flags);
4031 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kfree);
4033 unsigned int kmem_cache_size(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
4035 return cachep->object_size;
4037 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_size);
4040 * This initializes kmem_list3 or resizes various caches for all nodes.
4042 static int alloc_kmemlist(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t gfp)
4045 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
4046 struct array_cache *new_shared;
4047 struct array_cache **new_alien = NULL;
4049 for_each_online_node(node) {
4051 if (use_alien_caches) {
4052 new_alien = alloc_alien_cache(node, cachep->limit, gfp);
4058 if (cachep->shared) {
4059 new_shared = alloc_arraycache(node,
4060 cachep->shared*cachep->batchcount,
4063 free_alien_cache(new_alien);
4068 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
4070 struct array_cache *shared = l3->shared;
4072 spin_lock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
4075 free_block(cachep, shared->entry,
4076 shared->avail, node);
4078 l3->shared = new_shared;
4080 l3->alien = new_alien;
4083 l3->free_limit = (1 + nr_cpus_node(node)) *
4084 cachep->batchcount + cachep->num;
4085 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
4087 free_alien_cache(new_alien);
4090 l3 = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct kmem_list3), gfp, node);
4092 free_alien_cache(new_alien);
4097 kmem_list3_init(l3);
4098 l3->next_reap = jiffies + REAPTIMEOUT_LIST3 +
4099 ((unsigned long)cachep) % REAPTIMEOUT_LIST3;
4100 l3->shared = new_shared;
4101 l3->alien = new_alien;
4102 l3->free_limit = (1 + nr_cpus_node(node)) *
4103 cachep->batchcount + cachep->num;
4104 cachep->nodelists[node] = l3;
4109 if (!cachep->list.next) {
4110 /* Cache is not active yet. Roll back what we did */
4113 if (cachep->nodelists[node]) {
4114 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
4117 free_alien_cache(l3->alien);
4119 cachep->nodelists[node] = NULL;
4127 struct ccupdate_struct {
4128 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
4129 struct array_cache *new[0];
4132 static void do_ccupdate_local(void *info)
4134 struct ccupdate_struct *new = info;
4135 struct array_cache *old;
4138 old = cpu_cache_get(new->cachep);
4140 new->cachep->array[smp_processor_id()] = new->new[smp_processor_id()];
4141 new->new[smp_processor_id()] = old;
4144 /* Always called with the slab_mutex held */
4145 static int do_tune_cpucache(struct kmem_cache *cachep, int limit,
4146 int batchcount, int shared, gfp_t gfp)
4148 struct ccupdate_struct *new;
4151 new = kzalloc(sizeof(*new) + nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(struct array_cache *),
4156 for_each_online_cpu(i) {
4157 new->new[i] = alloc_arraycache(cpu_to_mem(i), limit,
4160 for (i--; i >= 0; i--)
4166 new->cachep = cachep;
4168 on_each_cpu(do_ccupdate_local, (void *)new, 1);
4171 cachep->batchcount = batchcount;
4172 cachep->limit = limit;
4173 cachep->shared = shared;
4175 for_each_online_cpu(i) {
4176 struct array_cache *ccold = new->new[i];
4179 spin_lock_irq(&cachep->nodelists[cpu_to_mem(i)]->list_lock);
4180 free_block(cachep, ccold->entry, ccold->avail, cpu_to_mem(i));
4181 spin_unlock_irq(&cachep->nodelists[cpu_to_mem(i)]->list_lock);
4185 return alloc_kmemlist(cachep, gfp);
4188 /* Called with slab_mutex held always */
4189 static int enable_cpucache(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t gfp)
4195 * The head array serves three purposes:
4196 * - create a LIFO ordering, i.e. return objects that are cache-warm
4197 * - reduce the number of spinlock operations.
4198 * - reduce the number of linked list operations on the slab and
4199 * bufctl chains: array operations are cheaper.
4200 * The numbers are guessed, we should auto-tune as described by
4203 if (cachep->size > 131072)
4205 else if (cachep->size > PAGE_SIZE)
4207 else if (cachep->size > 1024)
4209 else if (cachep->size > 256)
4215 * CPU bound tasks (e.g. network routing) can exhibit cpu bound
4216 * allocation behaviour: Most allocs on one cpu, most free operations
4217 * on another cpu. For these cases, an efficient object passing between
4218 * cpus is necessary. This is provided by a shared array. The array
4219 * replaces Bonwick's magazine layer.
4220 * On uniprocessor, it's functionally equivalent (but less efficient)
4221 * to a larger limit. Thus disabled by default.
4224 if (cachep->size <= PAGE_SIZE && num_possible_cpus() > 1)
4229 * With debugging enabled, large batchcount lead to excessively long
4230 * periods with disabled local interrupts. Limit the batchcount
4235 err = do_tune_cpucache(cachep, limit, (limit + 1) / 2, shared, gfp);
4237 printk(KERN_ERR "enable_cpucache failed for %s, error %d.\n",
4238 cachep->name, -err);
4243 * Drain an array if it contains any elements taking the l3 lock only if
4244 * necessary. Note that the l3 listlock also protects the array_cache
4245 * if drain_array() is used on the shared array.
4247 static void drain_array(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct kmem_list3 *l3,
4248 struct array_cache *ac, int force, int node)
4252 if (!ac || !ac->avail)
4254 if (ac->touched && !force) {
4257 spin_lock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
4259 tofree = force ? ac->avail : (ac->limit + 4) / 5;
4260 if (tofree > ac->avail)
4261 tofree = (ac->avail + 1) / 2;
4262 free_block(cachep, ac->entry, tofree, node);
4263 ac->avail -= tofree;
4264 memmove(ac->entry, &(ac->entry[tofree]),
4265 sizeof(void *) * ac->avail);
4267 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
4272 * cache_reap - Reclaim memory from caches.
4273 * @w: work descriptor
4275 * Called from workqueue/eventd every few seconds.
4277 * - clear the per-cpu caches for this CPU.
4278 * - return freeable pages to the main free memory pool.
4280 * If we cannot acquire the cache chain mutex then just give up - we'll try
4281 * again on the next iteration.
4283 static void cache_reap(struct work_struct *w)
4285 struct kmem_cache *searchp;
4286 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
4287 int node = numa_mem_id();
4288 struct delayed_work *work = to_delayed_work(w);
4290 if (!mutex_trylock(&slab_mutex))
4291 /* Give up. Setup the next iteration. */
4294 list_for_each_entry(searchp, &slab_caches, list) {
4298 * We only take the l3 lock if absolutely necessary and we
4299 * have established with reasonable certainty that
4300 * we can do some work if the lock was obtained.
4302 l3 = searchp->nodelists[node];
4304 reap_alien(searchp, l3);
4306 drain_array(searchp, l3, cpu_cache_get(searchp), 0, node);
4309 * These are racy checks but it does not matter
4310 * if we skip one check or scan twice.
4312 if (time_after(l3->next_reap, jiffies))
4315 l3->next_reap = jiffies + REAPTIMEOUT_LIST3;
4317 drain_array(searchp, l3, l3->shared, 0, node);
4319 if (l3->free_touched)
4320 l3->free_touched = 0;
4324 freed = drain_freelist(searchp, l3, (l3->free_limit +
4325 5 * searchp->num - 1) / (5 * searchp->num));
4326 STATS_ADD_REAPED(searchp, freed);
4332 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
4335 /* Set up the next iteration */
4336 schedule_delayed_work(work, round_jiffies_relative(REAPTIMEOUT_CPUC));
4339 #ifdef CONFIG_SLABINFO
4341 static void print_slabinfo_header(struct seq_file *m)
4344 * Output format version, so at least we can change it
4345 * without _too_ many complaints.
4348 seq_puts(m, "slabinfo - version: 2.1 (statistics)\n");
4350 seq_puts(m, "slabinfo - version: 2.1\n");
4352 seq_puts(m, "# name <active_objs> <num_objs> <objsize> "
4353 "<objperslab> <pagesperslab>");
4354 seq_puts(m, " : tunables <limit> <batchcount> <sharedfactor>");
4355 seq_puts(m, " : slabdata <active_slabs> <num_slabs> <sharedavail>");
4357 seq_puts(m, " : globalstat <listallocs> <maxobjs> <grown> <reaped> "
4358 "<error> <maxfreeable> <nodeallocs> <remotefrees> <alienoverflow>");
4359 seq_puts(m, " : cpustat <allochit> <allocmiss> <freehit> <freemiss>");
4364 static void *s_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
4368 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
4370 print_slabinfo_header(m);
4372 return seq_list_start(&slab_caches, *pos);
4375 static void *s_next(struct seq_file *m, void *p, loff_t *pos)
4377 return seq_list_next(p, &slab_caches, pos);
4380 static void s_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
4382 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
4385 static int s_show(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
4387 struct kmem_cache *cachep = list_entry(p, struct kmem_cache, list);
4389 unsigned long active_objs;
4390 unsigned long num_objs;
4391 unsigned long active_slabs = 0;
4392 unsigned long num_slabs, free_objects = 0, shared_avail = 0;
4396 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
4400 for_each_online_node(node) {
4401 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
4406 spin_lock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
4408 list_for_each_entry(slabp, &l3->slabs_full, list) {
4409 if (slabp->inuse != cachep->num && !error)
4410 error = "slabs_full accounting error";
4411 active_objs += cachep->num;
4414 list_for_each_entry(slabp, &l3->slabs_partial, list) {
4415 if (slabp->inuse == cachep->num && !error)
4416 error = "slabs_partial inuse accounting error";
4417 if (!slabp->inuse && !error)
4418 error = "slabs_partial/inuse accounting error";
4419 active_objs += slabp->inuse;
4422 list_for_each_entry(slabp, &l3->slabs_free, list) {
4423 if (slabp->inuse && !error)
4424 error = "slabs_free/inuse accounting error";
4427 free_objects += l3->free_objects;
4429 shared_avail += l3->shared->avail;
4431 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
4433 num_slabs += active_slabs;
4434 num_objs = num_slabs * cachep->num;
4435 if (num_objs - active_objs != free_objects && !error)
4436 error = "free_objects accounting error";
4438 name = cachep->name;
4440 printk(KERN_ERR "slab: cache %s error: %s\n", name, error);
4442 seq_printf(m, "%-17s %6lu %6lu %6u %4u %4d",
4443 name, active_objs, num_objs, cachep->size,
4444 cachep->num, (1 << cachep->gfporder));
4445 seq_printf(m, " : tunables %4u %4u %4u",
4446 cachep->limit, cachep->batchcount, cachep->shared);
4447 seq_printf(m, " : slabdata %6lu %6lu %6lu",
4448 active_slabs, num_slabs, shared_avail);
4451 unsigned long high = cachep->high_mark;
4452 unsigned long allocs = cachep->num_allocations;
4453 unsigned long grown = cachep->grown;
4454 unsigned long reaped = cachep->reaped;
4455 unsigned long errors = cachep->errors;
4456 unsigned long max_freeable = cachep->max_freeable;
4457 unsigned long node_allocs = cachep->node_allocs;
4458 unsigned long node_frees = cachep->node_frees;
4459 unsigned long overflows = cachep->node_overflow;
4461 seq_printf(m, " : globalstat %7lu %6lu %5lu %4lu "
4462 "%4lu %4lu %4lu %4lu %4lu",
4463 allocs, high, grown,
4464 reaped, errors, max_freeable, node_allocs,
4465 node_frees, overflows);
4469 unsigned long allochit = atomic_read(&cachep->allochit);
4470 unsigned long allocmiss = atomic_read(&cachep->allocmiss);
4471 unsigned long freehit = atomic_read(&cachep->freehit);
4472 unsigned long freemiss = atomic_read(&cachep->freemiss);
4474 seq_printf(m, " : cpustat %6lu %6lu %6lu %6lu",
4475 allochit, allocmiss, freehit, freemiss);
4483 * slabinfo_op - iterator that generates /proc/slabinfo
4492 * num-pages-per-slab
4493 * + further values on SMP and with statistics enabled
4496 static const struct seq_operations slabinfo_op = {
4503 #define MAX_SLABINFO_WRITE 128
4505 * slabinfo_write - Tuning for the slab allocator
4507 * @buffer: user buffer
4508 * @count: data length
4511 static ssize_t slabinfo_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buffer,
4512 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
4514 char kbuf[MAX_SLABINFO_WRITE + 1], *tmp;
4515 int limit, batchcount, shared, res;
4516 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
4518 if (count > MAX_SLABINFO_WRITE)
4520 if (copy_from_user(&kbuf, buffer, count))
4522 kbuf[MAX_SLABINFO_WRITE] = '\0';
4524 tmp = strchr(kbuf, ' ');
4529 if (sscanf(tmp, " %d %d %d", &limit, &batchcount, &shared) != 3)
4532 /* Find the cache in the chain of caches. */
4533 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
4535 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &slab_caches, list) {
4536 if (!strcmp(cachep->name, kbuf)) {
4537 if (limit < 1 || batchcount < 1 ||
4538 batchcount > limit || shared < 0) {
4541 res = do_tune_cpucache(cachep, limit,
4548 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
4554 static int slabinfo_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
4556 return seq_open(file, &slabinfo_op);
4559 static const struct file_operations proc_slabinfo_operations = {
4560 .open = slabinfo_open,
4562 .write = slabinfo_write,
4563 .llseek = seq_lseek,
4564 .release = seq_release,
4567 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK
4569 static void *leaks_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
4571 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
4572 return seq_list_start(&slab_caches, *pos);
4575 static inline int add_caller(unsigned long *n, unsigned long v)
4585 unsigned long *q = p + 2 * i;
4599 memmove(p + 2, p, n[1] * 2 * sizeof(unsigned long) - ((void *)p - (void *)n));
4605 static void handle_slab(unsigned long *n, struct kmem_cache *c, struct slab *s)
4611 for (i = 0, p = s->s_mem; i < c->num; i++, p += c->size) {
4612 if (slab_bufctl(s)[i] != BUFCTL_ACTIVE)
4614 if (!add_caller(n, (unsigned long)*dbg_userword(c, p)))
4619 static void show_symbol(struct seq_file *m, unsigned long address)
4621 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
4622 unsigned long offset, size;
4623 char modname[MODULE_NAME_LEN], name[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
4625 if (lookup_symbol_attrs(address, &size, &offset, modname, name) == 0) {
4626 seq_printf(m, "%s+%#lx/%#lx", name, offset, size);
4628 seq_printf(m, " [%s]", modname);
4632 seq_printf(m, "%p", (void *)address);
4635 static int leaks_show(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
4637 struct kmem_cache *cachep = list_entry(p, struct kmem_cache, list);
4639 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
4641 unsigned long *n = m->private;
4645 if (!(cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER))
4647 if (!(cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE))
4650 /* OK, we can do it */
4654 for_each_online_node(node) {
4655 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
4660 spin_lock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
4662 list_for_each_entry(slabp, &l3->slabs_full, list)
4663 handle_slab(n, cachep, slabp);
4664 list_for_each_entry(slabp, &l3->slabs_partial, list)
4665 handle_slab(n, cachep, slabp);
4666 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
4668 name = cachep->name;
4670 /* Increase the buffer size */
4671 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
4672 m->private = kzalloc(n[0] * 4 * sizeof(unsigned long), GFP_KERNEL);
4674 /* Too bad, we are really out */
4676 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
4679 *(unsigned long *)m->private = n[0] * 2;
4681 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
4682 /* Now make sure this entry will be retried */
4686 for (i = 0; i < n[1]; i++) {
4687 seq_printf(m, "%s: %lu ", name, n[2*i+3]);
4688 show_symbol(m, n[2*i+2]);
4695 static const struct seq_operations slabstats_op = {
4696 .start = leaks_start,
4702 static int slabstats_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
4704 unsigned long *n = kzalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
4707 ret = seq_open(file, &slabstats_op);
4709 struct seq_file *m = file->private_data;
4710 *n = PAGE_SIZE / (2 * sizeof(unsigned long));
4719 static const struct file_operations proc_slabstats_operations = {
4720 .open = slabstats_open,
4722 .llseek = seq_lseek,
4723 .release = seq_release_private,
4727 static int __init slab_proc_init(void)
4729 proc_create("slabinfo",S_IWUSR|S_IRUSR,NULL,&proc_slabinfo_operations);
4730 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK
4731 proc_create("slab_allocators", 0, NULL, &proc_slabstats_operations);
4735 module_init(slab_proc_init);
4739 * ksize - get the actual amount of memory allocated for a given object
4740 * @objp: Pointer to the object
4742 * kmalloc may internally round up allocations and return more memory
4743 * than requested. ksize() can be used to determine the actual amount of
4744 * memory allocated. The caller may use this additional memory, even though
4745 * a smaller amount of memory was initially specified with the kmalloc call.
4746 * The caller must guarantee that objp points to a valid object previously
4747 * allocated with either kmalloc() or kmem_cache_alloc(). The object
4748 * must not be freed during the duration of the call.
4750 size_t ksize(const void *objp)
4753 if (unlikely(objp == ZERO_SIZE_PTR))
4756 return virt_to_cache(objp)->object_size;
4758 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ksize);