1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 // Copyright(c) 2018 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
5 #include <linux/init.h>
6 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
7 #include <linux/random.h>
8 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
12 DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(page_alloc_shuffle_key);
14 static bool shuffle_param;
16 static __meminit int shuffle_param_set(const char *val,
17 const struct kernel_param *kp)
19 if (param_set_bool(val, kp))
22 static_branch_enable(&page_alloc_shuffle_key);
26 static const struct kernel_param_ops shuffle_param_ops = {
27 .set = shuffle_param_set,
28 .get = param_get_bool,
30 module_param_cb(shuffle, &shuffle_param_ops, &shuffle_param, 0400);
33 * For two pages to be swapped in the shuffle, they must be free (on a
34 * 'free_area' lru), have the same order, and have the same migratetype.
36 static struct page * __meminit shuffle_valid_page(struct zone *zone,
37 unsigned long pfn, int order)
39 struct page *page = pfn_to_online_page(pfn);
42 * Given we're dealing with randomly selected pfns in a zone we
43 * need to ask questions like...
46 /* ... is the page managed by the buddy? */
50 /* ... is the page assigned to the same zone? */
51 if (page_zone(page) != zone)
54 /* ...is the page free and currently on a free_area list? */
59 * ...is the page on the same list as the page we will
62 if (buddy_order(page) != order)
69 * Fisher-Yates shuffle the freelist which prescribes iterating through an
70 * array, pfns in this case, and randomly swapping each entry with another in
71 * the span, end_pfn - start_pfn.
73 * To keep the implementation simple it does not attempt to correct for sources
74 * of bias in the distribution, like modulo bias or pseudo-random number
75 * generator bias. I.e. the expectation is that this shuffling raises the bar
76 * for attacks that exploit the predictability of page allocations, but need not
77 * be a perfect shuffle.
79 #define SHUFFLE_RETRY 10
80 void __meminit __shuffle_zone(struct zone *z)
82 unsigned long i, flags;
83 unsigned long start_pfn = z->zone_start_pfn;
84 unsigned long end_pfn = zone_end_pfn(z);
85 const int order = SHUFFLE_ORDER;
86 const int order_pages = 1 << order;
88 spin_lock_irqsave(&z->lock, flags);
89 start_pfn = ALIGN(start_pfn, order_pages);
90 for (i = start_pfn; i < end_pfn; i += order_pages) {
92 int migratetype, retry;
93 struct page *page_i, *page_j;
96 * We expect page_i, in the sub-range of a zone being added
97 * (@start_pfn to @end_pfn), to more likely be valid compared to
98 * page_j randomly selected in the span @zone_start_pfn to
101 page_i = shuffle_valid_page(z, i, order);
105 for (retry = 0; retry < SHUFFLE_RETRY; retry++) {
107 * Pick a random order aligned page in the zone span as
108 * a swap target. If the selected pfn is a hole, retry
109 * up to SHUFFLE_RETRY attempts find a random valid pfn
112 j = z->zone_start_pfn +
113 ALIGN_DOWN(get_random_long() % z->spanned_pages,
115 page_j = shuffle_valid_page(z, j, order);
116 if (page_j && page_j != page_i)
119 if (retry >= SHUFFLE_RETRY) {
120 pr_debug("%s: failed to swap %#lx\n", __func__, i);
125 * Each migratetype corresponds to its own list, make sure the
126 * types match otherwise we're moving pages to lists where they
129 migratetype = get_pageblock_migratetype(page_i);
130 if (get_pageblock_migratetype(page_j) != migratetype) {
131 pr_debug("%s: migratetype mismatch %#lx\n", __func__, i);
135 list_swap(&page_i->lru, &page_j->lru);
137 pr_debug("%s: swap: %#lx -> %#lx\n", __func__, i, j);
139 /* take it easy on the zone lock */
140 if ((i % (100 * order_pages)) == 0) {
141 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&z->lock, flags);
143 spin_lock_irqsave(&z->lock, flags);
146 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&z->lock, flags);
150 * __shuffle_free_memory - reduce the predictability of the page allocator
151 * @pgdat: node page data
153 void __meminit __shuffle_free_memory(pg_data_t *pgdat)
157 for (z = pgdat->node_zones; z < pgdat->node_zones + MAX_NR_ZONES; z++)
161 bool shuffle_pick_tail(void)
168 * The lack of locking is deliberate. If 2 threads race to
169 * update the rand state it just adds to the entropy.
171 if (rand_bits == 0) {
173 rand = get_random_u64();