1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
4 #include <linux/slab.h>
5 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
6 #include <linux/memblock.h>
7 #include <linux/stacktrace.h>
8 #include <linux/page_owner.h>
9 #include <linux/jump_label.h>
10 #include <linux/migrate.h>
11 #include <linux/stackdepot.h>
12 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
13 #include <linux/memcontrol.h>
14 #include <linux/sched/clock.h>
19 * TODO: teach PAGE_OWNER_STACK_DEPTH (__dump_page_owner and save_stack)
20 * to use off stack temporal storage
22 #define PAGE_OWNER_STACK_DEPTH (16)
26 short last_migrate_reason;
28 depot_stack_handle_t handle;
29 depot_stack_handle_t free_handle;
32 char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN];
37 static bool page_owner_enabled __initdata;
38 DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(page_owner_inited);
40 static depot_stack_handle_t dummy_handle;
41 static depot_stack_handle_t failure_handle;
42 static depot_stack_handle_t early_handle;
44 static void init_early_allocated_pages(void);
46 static int __init early_page_owner_param(char *buf)
48 int ret = kstrtobool(buf, &page_owner_enabled);
50 if (page_owner_enabled)
51 stack_depot_request_early_init();
55 early_param("page_owner", early_page_owner_param);
57 static __init bool need_page_owner(void)
59 return page_owner_enabled;
62 static __always_inline depot_stack_handle_t create_dummy_stack(void)
64 unsigned long entries[4];
65 unsigned int nr_entries;
67 nr_entries = stack_trace_save(entries, ARRAY_SIZE(entries), 0);
68 return stack_depot_save(entries, nr_entries, GFP_KERNEL);
71 static noinline void register_dummy_stack(void)
73 dummy_handle = create_dummy_stack();
76 static noinline void register_failure_stack(void)
78 failure_handle = create_dummy_stack();
81 static noinline void register_early_stack(void)
83 early_handle = create_dummy_stack();
86 static __init void init_page_owner(void)
88 if (!page_owner_enabled)
91 register_dummy_stack();
92 register_failure_stack();
93 register_early_stack();
94 static_branch_enable(&page_owner_inited);
95 init_early_allocated_pages();
98 struct page_ext_operations page_owner_ops = {
99 .size = sizeof(struct page_owner),
100 .need = need_page_owner,
101 .init = init_page_owner,
102 .need_shared_flags = true,
105 static inline struct page_owner *get_page_owner(struct page_ext *page_ext)
107 return (void *)page_ext + page_owner_ops.offset;
110 static noinline depot_stack_handle_t save_stack(gfp_t flags)
112 unsigned long entries[PAGE_OWNER_STACK_DEPTH];
113 depot_stack_handle_t handle;
114 unsigned int nr_entries;
119 * Sometimes page metadata allocation tracking requires more
120 * memory to be allocated:
121 * - when new stack trace is saved to stack depot
122 * - when backtrace itself is calculated (ia64)
124 if (current->in_page_owner)
126 current->in_page_owner = 1;
128 nr_entries = stack_trace_save(entries, ARRAY_SIZE(entries), 2);
129 handle = stack_depot_save(entries, nr_entries, flags);
131 handle = failure_handle;
133 current->in_page_owner = 0;
137 void __reset_page_owner(struct page *page, unsigned short order)
140 struct page_ext *page_ext;
141 depot_stack_handle_t handle;
142 struct page_owner *page_owner;
143 u64 free_ts_nsec = local_clock();
145 page_ext = page_ext_get(page);
146 if (unlikely(!page_ext))
149 handle = save_stack(GFP_NOWAIT | __GFP_NOWARN);
150 for (i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++) {
151 __clear_bit(PAGE_EXT_OWNER_ALLOCATED, &page_ext->flags);
152 page_owner = get_page_owner(page_ext);
153 page_owner->free_handle = handle;
154 page_owner->free_ts_nsec = free_ts_nsec;
155 page_ext = page_ext_next(page_ext);
157 page_ext_put(page_ext);
160 static inline void __set_page_owner_handle(struct page_ext *page_ext,
161 depot_stack_handle_t handle,
162 unsigned short order, gfp_t gfp_mask)
164 struct page_owner *page_owner;
166 u64 ts_nsec = local_clock();
168 for (i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++) {
169 page_owner = get_page_owner(page_ext);
170 page_owner->handle = handle;
171 page_owner->order = order;
172 page_owner->gfp_mask = gfp_mask;
173 page_owner->last_migrate_reason = -1;
174 page_owner->pid = current->pid;
175 page_owner->tgid = current->tgid;
176 page_owner->ts_nsec = ts_nsec;
177 strscpy(page_owner->comm, current->comm,
178 sizeof(page_owner->comm));
179 __set_bit(PAGE_EXT_OWNER, &page_ext->flags);
180 __set_bit(PAGE_EXT_OWNER_ALLOCATED, &page_ext->flags);
182 page_ext = page_ext_next(page_ext);
186 noinline void __set_page_owner(struct page *page, unsigned short order,
189 struct page_ext *page_ext;
190 depot_stack_handle_t handle;
192 handle = save_stack(gfp_mask);
194 page_ext = page_ext_get(page);
195 if (unlikely(!page_ext))
197 __set_page_owner_handle(page_ext, handle, order, gfp_mask);
198 page_ext_put(page_ext);
201 void __set_page_owner_migrate_reason(struct page *page, int reason)
203 struct page_ext *page_ext = page_ext_get(page);
204 struct page_owner *page_owner;
206 if (unlikely(!page_ext))
209 page_owner = get_page_owner(page_ext);
210 page_owner->last_migrate_reason = reason;
211 page_ext_put(page_ext);
214 void __split_page_owner(struct page *page, unsigned int nr)
217 struct page_ext *page_ext = page_ext_get(page);
218 struct page_owner *page_owner;
220 if (unlikely(!page_ext))
223 for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
224 page_owner = get_page_owner(page_ext);
225 page_owner->order = 0;
226 page_ext = page_ext_next(page_ext);
228 page_ext_put(page_ext);
231 void __folio_copy_owner(struct folio *newfolio, struct folio *old)
233 struct page_ext *old_ext;
234 struct page_ext *new_ext;
235 struct page_owner *old_page_owner, *new_page_owner;
237 old_ext = page_ext_get(&old->page);
238 if (unlikely(!old_ext))
241 new_ext = page_ext_get(&newfolio->page);
242 if (unlikely(!new_ext)) {
243 page_ext_put(old_ext);
247 old_page_owner = get_page_owner(old_ext);
248 new_page_owner = get_page_owner(new_ext);
249 new_page_owner->order = old_page_owner->order;
250 new_page_owner->gfp_mask = old_page_owner->gfp_mask;
251 new_page_owner->last_migrate_reason =
252 old_page_owner->last_migrate_reason;
253 new_page_owner->handle = old_page_owner->handle;
254 new_page_owner->pid = old_page_owner->pid;
255 new_page_owner->tgid = old_page_owner->tgid;
256 new_page_owner->ts_nsec = old_page_owner->ts_nsec;
257 new_page_owner->free_ts_nsec = old_page_owner->ts_nsec;
258 strcpy(new_page_owner->comm, old_page_owner->comm);
261 * We don't clear the bit on the old folio as it's going to be freed
262 * after migration. Until then, the info can be useful in case of
263 * a bug, and the overall stats will be off a bit only temporarily.
264 * Also, migrate_misplaced_transhuge_page() can still fail the
265 * migration and then we want the old folio to retain the info. But
266 * in that case we also don't need to explicitly clear the info from
267 * the new page, which will be freed.
269 __set_bit(PAGE_EXT_OWNER, &new_ext->flags);
270 __set_bit(PAGE_EXT_OWNER_ALLOCATED, &new_ext->flags);
271 page_ext_put(new_ext);
272 page_ext_put(old_ext);
275 void pagetypeinfo_showmixedcount_print(struct seq_file *m,
276 pg_data_t *pgdat, struct zone *zone)
279 struct page_ext *page_ext;
280 struct page_owner *page_owner;
281 unsigned long pfn, block_end_pfn;
282 unsigned long end_pfn = zone_end_pfn(zone);
283 unsigned long count[MIGRATE_TYPES] = { 0, };
284 int pageblock_mt, page_mt;
287 /* Scan block by block. First and last block may be incomplete */
288 pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;
291 * Walk the zone in pageblock_nr_pages steps. If a page block spans
292 * a zone boundary, it will be double counted between zones. This does
293 * not matter as the mixed block count will still be correct
295 for (; pfn < end_pfn; ) {
296 page = pfn_to_online_page(pfn);
298 pfn = ALIGN(pfn + 1, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
302 block_end_pfn = pageblock_end_pfn(pfn);
303 block_end_pfn = min(block_end_pfn, end_pfn);
305 pageblock_mt = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);
307 for (; pfn < block_end_pfn; pfn++) {
308 /* The pageblock is online, no need to recheck. */
309 page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
311 if (page_zone(page) != zone)
314 if (PageBuddy(page)) {
315 unsigned long freepage_order;
317 freepage_order = buddy_order_unsafe(page);
318 if (freepage_order <= MAX_ORDER)
319 pfn += (1UL << freepage_order) - 1;
323 if (PageReserved(page))
326 page_ext = page_ext_get(page);
327 if (unlikely(!page_ext))
330 if (!test_bit(PAGE_EXT_OWNER_ALLOCATED, &page_ext->flags))
331 goto ext_put_continue;
333 page_owner = get_page_owner(page_ext);
334 page_mt = gfp_migratetype(page_owner->gfp_mask);
335 if (pageblock_mt != page_mt) {
336 if (is_migrate_cma(pageblock_mt))
337 count[MIGRATE_MOVABLE]++;
339 count[pageblock_mt]++;
342 page_ext_put(page_ext);
345 pfn += (1UL << page_owner->order) - 1;
347 page_ext_put(page_ext);
352 seq_printf(m, "Node %d, zone %8s ", pgdat->node_id, zone->name);
353 for (i = 0; i < MIGRATE_TYPES; i++)
354 seq_printf(m, "%12lu ", count[i]);
359 * Looking for memcg information and print it out
361 static inline int print_page_owner_memcg(char *kbuf, size_t count, int ret,
365 unsigned long memcg_data;
366 struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
371 memcg_data = READ_ONCE(page->memcg_data);
375 if (memcg_data & MEMCG_DATA_OBJCGS)
376 ret += scnprintf(kbuf + ret, count - ret,
377 "Slab cache page\n");
379 memcg = page_memcg_check(page);
383 online = (memcg->css.flags & CSS_ONLINE);
384 cgroup_name(memcg->css.cgroup, name, sizeof(name));
385 ret += scnprintf(kbuf + ret, count - ret,
386 "Charged %sto %smemcg %s\n",
387 PageMemcgKmem(page) ? "(via objcg) " : "",
388 online ? "" : "offline ",
392 #endif /* CONFIG_MEMCG */
398 print_page_owner(char __user *buf, size_t count, unsigned long pfn,
399 struct page *page, struct page_owner *page_owner,
400 depot_stack_handle_t handle)
402 int ret, pageblock_mt, page_mt;
405 count = min_t(size_t, count, PAGE_SIZE);
406 kbuf = kmalloc(count, GFP_KERNEL);
410 ret = scnprintf(kbuf, count,
411 "Page allocated via order %u, mask %#x(%pGg), pid %d, tgid %d (%s), ts %llu ns, free_ts %llu ns\n",
412 page_owner->order, page_owner->gfp_mask,
413 &page_owner->gfp_mask, page_owner->pid,
414 page_owner->tgid, page_owner->comm,
415 page_owner->ts_nsec, page_owner->free_ts_nsec);
417 /* Print information relevant to grouping pages by mobility */
418 pageblock_mt = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);
419 page_mt = gfp_migratetype(page_owner->gfp_mask);
420 ret += scnprintf(kbuf + ret, count - ret,
421 "PFN 0x%lx type %s Block %lu type %s Flags %pGp\n",
423 migratetype_names[page_mt],
424 pfn >> pageblock_order,
425 migratetype_names[pageblock_mt],
428 ret += stack_depot_snprint(handle, kbuf + ret, count - ret, 0);
432 if (page_owner->last_migrate_reason != -1) {
433 ret += scnprintf(kbuf + ret, count - ret,
434 "Page has been migrated, last migrate reason: %s\n",
435 migrate_reason_names[page_owner->last_migrate_reason]);
438 ret = print_page_owner_memcg(kbuf, count, ret, page);
440 ret += snprintf(kbuf + ret, count - ret, "\n");
444 if (copy_to_user(buf, kbuf, ret))
455 void __dump_page_owner(const struct page *page)
457 struct page_ext *page_ext = page_ext_get((void *)page);
458 struct page_owner *page_owner;
459 depot_stack_handle_t handle;
463 if (unlikely(!page_ext)) {
464 pr_alert("There is not page extension available.\n");
468 page_owner = get_page_owner(page_ext);
469 gfp_mask = page_owner->gfp_mask;
470 mt = gfp_migratetype(gfp_mask);
472 if (!test_bit(PAGE_EXT_OWNER, &page_ext->flags)) {
473 pr_alert("page_owner info is not present (never set?)\n");
474 page_ext_put(page_ext);
478 if (test_bit(PAGE_EXT_OWNER_ALLOCATED, &page_ext->flags))
479 pr_alert("page_owner tracks the page as allocated\n");
481 pr_alert("page_owner tracks the page as freed\n");
483 pr_alert("page last allocated via order %u, migratetype %s, gfp_mask %#x(%pGg), pid %d, tgid %d (%s), ts %llu, free_ts %llu\n",
484 page_owner->order, migratetype_names[mt], gfp_mask, &gfp_mask,
485 page_owner->pid, page_owner->tgid, page_owner->comm,
486 page_owner->ts_nsec, page_owner->free_ts_nsec);
488 handle = READ_ONCE(page_owner->handle);
490 pr_alert("page_owner allocation stack trace missing\n");
492 stack_depot_print(handle);
494 handle = READ_ONCE(page_owner->free_handle);
496 pr_alert("page_owner free stack trace missing\n");
498 pr_alert("page last free stack trace:\n");
499 stack_depot_print(handle);
502 if (page_owner->last_migrate_reason != -1)
503 pr_alert("page has been migrated, last migrate reason: %s\n",
504 migrate_reason_names[page_owner->last_migrate_reason]);
505 page_ext_put(page_ext);
509 read_page_owner(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
513 struct page_ext *page_ext;
514 struct page_owner *page_owner;
515 depot_stack_handle_t handle;
517 if (!static_branch_unlikely(&page_owner_inited))
525 /* Find a valid PFN or the start of a MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES area */
526 while (!pfn_valid(pfn) && (pfn & (MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES - 1)) != 0)
529 /* Find an allocated page */
530 for (; pfn < max_pfn; pfn++) {
532 * This temporary page_owner is required so
533 * that we can avoid the context switches while holding
534 * the rcu lock and copying the page owner information to
535 * user through copy_to_user() or GFP_KERNEL allocations.
537 struct page_owner page_owner_tmp;
540 * If the new page is in a new MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES area,
541 * validate the area as existing, skip it if not
543 if ((pfn & (MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES - 1)) == 0 && !pfn_valid(pfn)) {
544 pfn += MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES - 1;
548 page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
549 if (PageBuddy(page)) {
550 unsigned long freepage_order = buddy_order_unsafe(page);
552 if (freepage_order <= MAX_ORDER)
553 pfn += (1UL << freepage_order) - 1;
557 page_ext = page_ext_get(page);
558 if (unlikely(!page_ext))
562 * Some pages could be missed by concurrent allocation or free,
563 * because we don't hold the zone lock.
565 if (!test_bit(PAGE_EXT_OWNER, &page_ext->flags))
566 goto ext_put_continue;
569 * Although we do have the info about past allocation of free
570 * pages, it's not relevant for current memory usage.
572 if (!test_bit(PAGE_EXT_OWNER_ALLOCATED, &page_ext->flags))
573 goto ext_put_continue;
575 page_owner = get_page_owner(page_ext);
578 * Don't print "tail" pages of high-order allocations as that
579 * would inflate the stats.
581 if (!IS_ALIGNED(pfn, 1 << page_owner->order))
582 goto ext_put_continue;
585 * Access to page_ext->handle isn't synchronous so we should
586 * be careful to access it.
588 handle = READ_ONCE(page_owner->handle);
590 goto ext_put_continue;
592 /* Record the next PFN to read in the file offset */
595 page_owner_tmp = *page_owner;
596 page_ext_put(page_ext);
597 return print_page_owner(buf, count, pfn, page,
598 &page_owner_tmp, handle);
600 page_ext_put(page_ext);
606 static loff_t lseek_page_owner(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int orig)
610 file->f_pos = offset;
613 file->f_pos += offset;
621 static void init_pages_in_zone(pg_data_t *pgdat, struct zone *zone)
623 unsigned long pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;
624 unsigned long end_pfn = zone_end_pfn(zone);
625 unsigned long count = 0;
628 * Walk the zone in pageblock_nr_pages steps. If a page block spans
629 * a zone boundary, it will be double counted between zones. This does
630 * not matter as the mixed block count will still be correct
632 for (; pfn < end_pfn; ) {
633 unsigned long block_end_pfn;
635 if (!pfn_valid(pfn)) {
636 pfn = ALIGN(pfn + 1, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
640 block_end_pfn = pageblock_end_pfn(pfn);
641 block_end_pfn = min(block_end_pfn, end_pfn);
643 for (; pfn < block_end_pfn; pfn++) {
644 struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
645 struct page_ext *page_ext;
647 if (page_zone(page) != zone)
651 * To avoid having to grab zone->lock, be a little
652 * careful when reading buddy page order. The only
653 * danger is that we skip too much and potentially miss
654 * some early allocated pages, which is better than
655 * heavy lock contention.
657 if (PageBuddy(page)) {
658 unsigned long order = buddy_order_unsafe(page);
660 if (order > 0 && order <= MAX_ORDER)
661 pfn += (1UL << order) - 1;
665 if (PageReserved(page))
668 page_ext = page_ext_get(page);
669 if (unlikely(!page_ext))
672 /* Maybe overlapping zone */
673 if (test_bit(PAGE_EXT_OWNER, &page_ext->flags))
674 goto ext_put_continue;
676 /* Found early allocated page */
677 __set_page_owner_handle(page_ext, early_handle,
681 page_ext_put(page_ext);
686 pr_info("Node %d, zone %8s: page owner found early allocated %lu pages\n",
687 pgdat->node_id, zone->name, count);
690 static void init_zones_in_node(pg_data_t *pgdat)
693 struct zone *node_zones = pgdat->node_zones;
695 for (zone = node_zones; zone - node_zones < MAX_NR_ZONES; ++zone) {
696 if (!populated_zone(zone))
699 init_pages_in_zone(pgdat, zone);
703 static void init_early_allocated_pages(void)
707 for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat)
708 init_zones_in_node(pgdat);
711 static const struct file_operations proc_page_owner_operations = {
712 .read = read_page_owner,
713 .llseek = lseek_page_owner,
716 static int __init pageowner_init(void)
718 if (!static_branch_unlikely(&page_owner_inited)) {
719 pr_info("page_owner is disabled\n");
723 debugfs_create_file("page_owner", 0400, NULL, NULL,
724 &proc_page_owner_operations);
728 late_initcall(pageowner_init)