mm/page_io.c

   1 /*
   2  *  linux/mm/page_io.c
   3  *
   4  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994  Linus Torvalds
   5  *
   6  *  Swap reorganised 29.12.95,
   7  *  Asynchronous swapping added 30.12.95. Stephen Tweedie
   8  *  Removed race in async swapping. 14.4.1996. Bruno Haible
   9  *  Add swap of shared pages through the page cache. 20.2.1998. Stephen Tweedie
  10  *  Always use brw_page, life becomes simpler. 12 May 1998 Eric Biederman
  11  */
  12
  13 #include <linux/mm.h>
  14 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
  15 #include <linux/gfp.h>
  16 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
  17 #include <linux/swap.h>
  18 #include <linux/bio.h>
  19 #include <linux/swapops.h>
  20 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
  21 #include <linux/writeback.h>
  22 #include <linux/frontswap.h>
  23 #include <linux/aio.h>
  24 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
  25 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
  26
  27 static struct bio *get_swap_bio(gfp_t gfp_flags,
  28                                 struct page *page, bio_end_io_t end_io)
  29 {
  30         struct bio *bio;
  31
  32         bio = bio_alloc(gfp_flags, 1);
  33         if (bio) {
  34                 bio->bi_sector = map_swap_page(page, &bio->bi_bdev);
  35                 bio->bi_sector <<= PAGE_SHIFT - 9;
  36                 bio->bi_io_vec[0].bv_page = page;
  37                 bio->bi_io_vec[0].bv_len = PAGE_SIZE;
  38                 bio->bi_io_vec[0].bv_offset = 0;
  39                 bio->bi_vcnt = 1;
  40                 bio->bi_size = PAGE_SIZE;
  41                 bio->bi_end_io = end_io;
  42         }
  43         return bio;
  44 }
  45
  46 void end_swap_bio_write(struct bio *bio, int err)
  47 {
  48         const int uptodate = test_bit(BIO_UPTODATE, &bio->bi_flags);
  49         struct page *page = bio->bi_io_vec[0].bv_page;
  50
  51         if (!uptodate) {
  52                 SetPageError(page);
  53                 /*
  54                  * We failed to write the page out to swap-space.
  55                  * Re-dirty the page in order to avoid it being reclaimed.
  56                  * Also print a dire warning that things will go BAD (tm)
  57                  * very quickly.
  58                  *
  59                  * Also clear PG_reclaim to avoid rotate_reclaimable_page()
  60                  */
  61                 set_page_dirty(page);
  62                 printk(KERN_ALERT "Write-error on swap-device (%u:%u:%Lu)\n",
  63                                 imajor(bio->bi_bdev->bd_inode),
  64                                 iminor(bio->bi_bdev->bd_inode),
  65                                 (unsigned long long)bio->bi_sector);
  66                 ClearPageReclaim(page);
  67         }
  68         end_page_writeback(page);
  69         bio_put(bio);
  70 }
  71
  72 void end_swap_bio_read(struct bio *bio, int err)
  73 {
  74         const int uptodate = test_bit(BIO_UPTODATE, &bio->bi_flags);
  75         struct page *page = bio->bi_io_vec[0].bv_page;
  76
  77         if (!uptodate) {
  78                 SetPageError(page);
  79                 ClearPageUptodate(page);
  80                 printk(KERN_ALERT "Read-error on swap-device (%u:%u:%Lu)\n",
  81                                 imajor(bio->bi_bdev->bd_inode),
  82                                 iminor(bio->bi_bdev->bd_inode),
  83                                 (unsigned long long)bio->bi_sector);
  84                 goto out;
  85         }
  86
  87         SetPageUptodate(page);
  88
  89         /*
  90          * There is no guarantee that the page is in swap cache - the software
  91          * suspend code (at least) uses end_swap_bio_read() against a non-
  92          * swapcache page.  So we must check PG_swapcache before proceeding with
  93          * this optimization.
  94          */
  95         if (likely(PageSwapCache(page))) {
  96                 struct swap_info_struct *sis;
  97
  98                 sis = page_swap_info(page);
  99                 if (sis->flags & SWP_BLKDEV) {
 100                         /*
 101                          * The swap subsystem performs lazy swap slot freeing,
 102                          * expecting that the page will be swapped out again.
 103                          * So we can avoid an unnecessary write if the page
 104                          * isn't redirtied.
 105                          * This is good for real swap storage because we can
 106                          * reduce unnecessary I/O and enhance wear-leveling
 107                          * if an SSD is used as the as swap device.
 108                          * But if in-memory swap device (eg zram) is used,
 109                          * this causes a duplicated copy between uncompressed
 110                          * data in VM-owned memory and compressed data in
 111                          * zram-owned memory.  So let's free zram-owned memory
 112                          * and make the VM-owned decompressed page *dirty*,
 113                          * so the page should be swapped out somewhere again if
 114                          * we again wish to reclaim it.
 115                          */
 116                         struct gendisk *disk = sis->bdev->bd_disk;
 117                         if (disk->fops->swap_slot_free_notify) {
 118                                 swp_entry_t entry;
 119                                 unsigned long offset;
 120
 121                                 entry.val = page_private(page);
 122                                 offset = swp_offset(entry);
 123
 124                                 SetPageDirty(page);
 125                                 disk->fops->swap_slot_free_notify(sis->bdev,
 126                                                 offset);
 127                         }
 128                 }
 129         }
 130
 131 out:
 132         unlock_page(page);
 133         bio_put(bio);
 134 }
 135
 136 int generic_swapfile_activate(struct swap_info_struct *sis,
 137                                 struct file *swap_file,
 138                                 sector_t *span)
 139 {
 140         struct address_space *mapping = swap_file->f_mapping;
 141         struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
 142         unsigned blocks_per_page;
 143         unsigned long page_no;
 144         unsigned blkbits;
 145         sector_t probe_block;
 146         sector_t last_block;
 147         sector_t lowest_block = -1;
 148         sector_t highest_block = 0;
 149         int nr_extents = 0;
 150         int ret;
 151
 152         blkbits = inode->i_blkbits;
 153         blocks_per_page = PAGE_SIZE >> blkbits;
 154
 155         /*
 156          * Map all the blocks into the extent list.  This code doesn't try
 157          * to be very smart.
 158          */
 159         probe_block = 0;
 160         page_no = 0;
 161         last_block = i_size_read(inode) >> blkbits;
 162         while ((probe_block + blocks_per_page) <= last_block &&
 163                         page_no < sis->max) {
 164                 unsigned block_in_page;
 165                 sector_t first_block;
 166
 167                 first_block = bmap(inode, probe_block);
 168                 if (first_block == 0)
 169                         goto bad_bmap;
 170
 171                 /*
 172                  * It must be PAGE_SIZE aligned on-disk
 173                  */
 174                 if (first_block & (blocks_per_page - 1)) {
 175                         probe_block++;
 176                         goto reprobe;
 177                 }
 178
 179                 for (block_in_page = 1; block_in_page < blocks_per_page;
 180                                         block_in_page++) {
 181                         sector_t block;
 182
 183                         block = bmap(inode, probe_block + block_in_page);
 184                         if (block == 0)
 185                                 goto bad_bmap;
 186                         if (block != first_block + block_in_page) {
 187                                 /* Discontiguity */
 188                                 probe_block++;
 189                                 goto reprobe;
 190                         }
 191                 }
 192
 193                 first_block >>= (PAGE_SHIFT - blkbits);
 194                 if (page_no) {  /* exclude the header page */
 195                         if (first_block < lowest_block)
 196                                 lowest_block = first_block;
 197                         if (first_block > highest_block)
 198                                 highest_block = first_block;
 199                 }
 200
 201                 /*
 202                  * We found a PAGE_SIZE-length, PAGE_SIZE-aligned run of blocks
 203                  */
 204                 ret = add_swap_extent(sis, page_no, 1, first_block);
 205                 if (ret < 0)
 206                         goto out;
 207                 nr_extents += ret;
 208                 page_no++;
 209                 probe_block += blocks_per_page;
 210 reprobe:
 211                 continue;
 212         }
 213         ret = nr_extents;
 214         *span = 1 + highest_block - lowest_block;
 215         if (page_no == 0)
 216                 page_no = 1;    /* force Empty message */
 217         sis->max = page_no;
 218         sis->pages = page_no - 1;
 219         sis->highest_bit = page_no - 1;
 220 out:
 221         return ret;
 222 bad_bmap:
 223         printk(KERN_ERR "swapon: swapfile has holes\n");
 224         ret = -EINVAL;
 225         goto out;
 226 }
 227
 228 /*
 229  * We may have stale swap cache pages in memory: notice
 230  * them here and get rid of the unnecessary final write.
 231  */
 232 int swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
 233 {
 234         int ret = 0;
 235
 236         if (try_to_free_swap(page)) {
 237                 unlock_page(page);
 238                 goto out;
 239         }
 240         if (frontswap_store(page) == 0) {
 241                 set_page_writeback(page);
 242                 unlock_page(page);
 243                 end_page_writeback(page);
 244                 goto out;
 245         }
 246         ret = __swap_writepage(page, wbc, end_swap_bio_write);
 247 out:
 248         return ret;
 249 }
 250
 251 int __swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc,
 252         void (*end_write_func)(struct bio *, int))
 253 {
 254         struct bio *bio;
 255         int ret = 0, rw = WRITE;
 256         struct swap_info_struct *sis = page_swap_info(page);
 257
 258         if (sis->flags & SWP_FILE) {
 259                 struct kiocb kiocb;
 260                 struct file *swap_file = sis->swap_file;
 261                 struct address_space *mapping = swap_file->f_mapping;
 262                 struct iovec iov = {
 263                         .iov_base = kmap(page),
 264                         .iov_len  = PAGE_SIZE,
 265                 };
 266
 267                 init_sync_kiocb(&kiocb, swap_file);
 268                 kiocb.ki_pos = page_file_offset(page);
 269                 kiocb.ki_left = PAGE_SIZE;
 270                 kiocb.ki_nbytes = PAGE_SIZE;
 271
 272                 set_page_writeback(page);
 273                 unlock_page(page);
 274                 ret = mapping->a_ops->direct_IO(KERNEL_WRITE,
 275                                                 &kiocb, &iov,
 276                                                 kiocb.ki_pos, 1);
 277                 kunmap(page);
 278                 if (ret == PAGE_SIZE) {
 279                         count_vm_event(PSWPOUT);
 280                         ret = 0;
 281                 } else {
 282                         /*
 283                          * In the case of swap-over-nfs, this can be a
 284                          * temporary failure if the system has limited
 285                          * memory for allocating transmit buffers.
 286                          * Mark the page dirty and avoid
 287                          * rotate_reclaimable_page but rate-limit the
 288                          * messages but do not flag PageError like
 289                          * the normal direct-to-bio case as it could
 290                          * be temporary.
 291                          */
 292                         set_page_dirty(page);
 293                         ClearPageReclaim(page);
 294                         pr_err_ratelimited("Write error on dio swapfile (%Lu)\n",
 295                                 page_file_offset(page));
 296                 }
 297                 end_page_writeback(page);
 298                 return ret;
 299         }
 300
 301         bio = get_swap_bio(GFP_NOIO, page, end_write_func);
 302         if (bio == NULL) {
 303                 set_page_dirty(page);
 304                 unlock_page(page);
 305                 ret = -ENOMEM;
 306                 goto out;
 307         }
 308         if (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL)
 309                 rw |= REQ_SYNC;
 310         count_vm_event(PSWPOUT);
 311         set_page_writeback(page);
 312         unlock_page(page);
 313         submit_bio(rw, bio);
 314 out:
 315         return ret;
 316 }
 317
 318 int swap_readpage(struct page *page)
 319 {
 320         struct bio *bio;
 321         int ret = 0;
 322         struct swap_info_struct *sis = page_swap_info(page);
 323
 324         VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
 325         VM_BUG_ON(PageUptodate(page));
 326         if (frontswap_load(page) == 0) {
 327                 SetPageUptodate(page);
 328                 unlock_page(page);
 329                 goto out;
 330         }
 331
 332         if (sis->flags & SWP_FILE) {
 333                 struct file *swap_file = sis->swap_file;
 334                 struct address_space *mapping = swap_file->f_mapping;
 335
 336                 ret = mapping->a_ops->readpage(swap_file, page);
 337                 if (!ret)
 338                         count_vm_event(PSWPIN);
 339                 return ret;
 340         }
 341
 342         bio = get_swap_bio(GFP_KERNEL, page, end_swap_bio_read);
 343         if (bio == NULL) {
 344                 unlock_page(page);
 345                 ret = -ENOMEM;
 346                 goto out;
 347         }
 348         count_vm_event(PSWPIN);
 349         submit_bio(READ, bio);
 350 out:
 351         return ret;
 352 }
 353
 354 int swap_set_page_dirty(struct page *page)
 355 {
 356         struct swap_info_struct *sis = page_swap_info(page);
 357
 358         if (sis->flags & SWP_FILE) {
 359                 struct address_space *mapping = sis->swap_file->f_mapping;
 360                 return mapping->a_ops->set_page_dirty(page);
 361         } else {
 362                 return __set_page_dirty_no_writeback(page);
 363         }
 364 }