1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
4 #include <linux/memblock.h>
5 #include <linux/page_ext.h>
6 #include <linux/memory.h>
7 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
8 #include <linux/kmemleak.h>
9 #include <linux/page_owner.h>
10 #include <linux/page_idle.h>
11 #include <linux/page_table_check.h>
12 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
15 * struct page extension
17 * This is the feature to manage memory for extended data per page.
19 * Until now, we must modify struct page itself to store extra data per page.
20 * This requires rebuilding the kernel and it is really time consuming process.
21 * And, sometimes, rebuild is impossible due to third party module dependency.
22 * At last, enlarging struct page could cause un-wanted system behaviour change.
24 * This feature is intended to overcome above mentioned problems. This feature
25 * allocates memory for extended data per page in certain place rather than
26 * the struct page itself. This memory can be accessed by the accessor
27 * functions provided by this code. During the boot process, it checks whether
28 * allocation of huge chunk of memory is needed or not. If not, it avoids
29 * allocating memory at all. With this advantage, we can include this feature
30 * into the kernel in default and can avoid rebuild and solve related problems.
32 * To help these things to work well, there are two callbacks for clients. One
33 * is the need callback which is mandatory if user wants to avoid useless
34 * memory allocation at boot-time. The other is optional, init callback, which
35 * is used to do proper initialization after memory is allocated.
37 * The need callback is used to decide whether extended memory allocation is
38 * needed or not. Sometimes users want to deactivate some features in this
39 * boot and extra memory would be unnecessary. In this case, to avoid
40 * allocating huge chunk of memory, each clients represent their need of
41 * extra memory through the need callback. If one of the need callbacks
42 * returns true, it means that someone needs extra memory so that
43 * page extension core should allocates memory for page extension. If
44 * none of need callbacks return true, memory isn't needed at all in this boot
45 * and page extension core can skip to allocate memory. As result,
46 * none of memory is wasted.
48 * When need callback returns true, page_ext checks if there is a request for
49 * extra memory through size in struct page_ext_operations. If it is non-zero,
50 * extra space is allocated for each page_ext entry and offset is returned to
51 * user through offset in struct page_ext_operations.
53 * The init callback is used to do proper initialization after page extension
54 * is completely initialized. In sparse memory system, extra memory is
55 * allocated some time later than memmap is allocated. In other words, lifetime
56 * of memory for page extension isn't same with memmap for struct page.
57 * Therefore, clients can't store extra data until page extension is
58 * initialized, even if pages are allocated and used freely. This could
59 * cause inadequate state of extra data per page, so, to prevent it, client
60 * can utilize this callback to initialize the state of it correctly.
63 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
64 #define PAGE_EXT_INVALID (0x1)
67 #if defined(CONFIG_PAGE_IDLE_FLAG) && !defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
68 static bool need_page_idle(void)
72 static struct page_ext_operations page_idle_ops __initdata = {
73 .need = need_page_idle,
77 static struct page_ext_operations *page_ext_ops[] __initdata = {
78 #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_OWNER
81 #if defined(CONFIG_PAGE_IDLE_FLAG) && !defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
84 #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_CHECK
85 &page_table_check_ops,
89 unsigned long page_ext_size = sizeof(struct page_ext);
91 static unsigned long total_usage;
92 static struct page_ext *lookup_page_ext(const struct page *page);
95 static int __init setup_early_page_ext(char *str)
97 early_page_ext = true;
100 early_param("early_page_ext", setup_early_page_ext);
102 static bool __init invoke_need_callbacks(void)
105 int entries = ARRAY_SIZE(page_ext_ops);
108 for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
109 if (page_ext_ops[i]->need && page_ext_ops[i]->need()) {
110 page_ext_ops[i]->offset = page_ext_size;
111 page_ext_size += page_ext_ops[i]->size;
119 static void __init invoke_init_callbacks(void)
122 int entries = ARRAY_SIZE(page_ext_ops);
124 for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
125 if (page_ext_ops[i]->init)
126 page_ext_ops[i]->init();
130 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
131 void __init page_ext_init_flatmem_late(void)
133 invoke_init_callbacks();
137 static inline struct page_ext *get_entry(void *base, unsigned long index)
139 return base + page_ext_size * index;
143 * page_ext_get() - Get the extended information for a page.
144 * @page: The page we're interested in.
146 * Ensures that the page_ext will remain valid until page_ext_put()
149 * Return: NULL if no page_ext exists for this page.
150 * Context: Any context. Caller may not sleep until they have called
153 struct page_ext *page_ext_get(struct page *page)
155 struct page_ext *page_ext;
158 page_ext = lookup_page_ext(page);
168 * page_ext_put() - Working with page extended information is done.
169 * @page_ext - Page extended information received from page_ext_get().
171 * The page extended information of the page may not be valid after this
172 * function is called.
175 * Context: Any context with corresponding page_ext_get() is called.
177 void page_ext_put(struct page_ext *page_ext)
179 if (unlikely(!page_ext))
184 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
187 void __meminit pgdat_page_ext_init(struct pglist_data *pgdat)
189 pgdat->node_page_ext = NULL;
192 static struct page_ext *lookup_page_ext(const struct page *page)
194 unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
196 struct page_ext *base;
198 WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_read_lock_held());
199 base = NODE_DATA(page_to_nid(page))->node_page_ext;
201 * The sanity checks the page allocator does upon freeing a
202 * page can reach here before the page_ext arrays are
203 * allocated when feeding a range of pages to the allocator
204 * for the first time during bootup or memory hotplug.
208 index = pfn - round_down(node_start_pfn(page_to_nid(page)),
210 return get_entry(base, index);
213 static int __init alloc_node_page_ext(int nid)
215 struct page_ext *base;
216 unsigned long table_size;
217 unsigned long nr_pages;
219 nr_pages = NODE_DATA(nid)->node_spanned_pages;
224 * Need extra space if node range is not aligned with
225 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES. When page allocator's buddy algorithm
226 * checks buddy's status, range could be out of exact node range.
228 if (!IS_ALIGNED(node_start_pfn(nid), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES) ||
229 !IS_ALIGNED(node_end_pfn(nid), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES))
230 nr_pages += MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES;
232 table_size = page_ext_size * nr_pages;
234 base = memblock_alloc_try_nid(
235 table_size, PAGE_SIZE, __pa(MAX_DMA_ADDRESS),
236 MEMBLOCK_ALLOC_ACCESSIBLE, nid);
239 NODE_DATA(nid)->node_page_ext = base;
240 total_usage += table_size;
244 void __init page_ext_init_flatmem(void)
249 if (!invoke_need_callbacks())
252 for_each_online_node(nid) {
253 fail = alloc_node_page_ext(nid);
257 pr_info("allocated %ld bytes of page_ext\n", total_usage);
261 pr_crit("allocation of page_ext failed.\n");
262 panic("Out of memory");
265 #else /* CONFIG_SPARSEMEM */
266 static bool page_ext_invalid(struct page_ext *page_ext)
268 return !page_ext || (((unsigned long)page_ext & PAGE_EXT_INVALID) == PAGE_EXT_INVALID);
271 static struct page_ext *lookup_page_ext(const struct page *page)
273 unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
274 struct mem_section *section = __pfn_to_section(pfn);
275 struct page_ext *page_ext = READ_ONCE(section->page_ext);
277 WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_read_lock_held());
279 * The sanity checks the page allocator does upon freeing a
280 * page can reach here before the page_ext arrays are
281 * allocated when feeding a range of pages to the allocator
282 * for the first time during bootup or memory hotplug.
284 if (page_ext_invalid(page_ext))
286 return get_entry(page_ext, pfn);
289 static void *__meminit alloc_page_ext(size_t size, int nid)
291 gfp_t flags = GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO | __GFP_NOWARN;
294 addr = alloc_pages_exact_nid(nid, size, flags);
296 kmemleak_alloc(addr, size, 1, flags);
300 addr = vzalloc_node(size, nid);
305 static int __meminit init_section_page_ext(unsigned long pfn, int nid)
307 struct mem_section *section;
308 struct page_ext *base;
309 unsigned long table_size;
311 section = __pfn_to_section(pfn);
313 if (section->page_ext)
316 table_size = page_ext_size * PAGES_PER_SECTION;
317 base = alloc_page_ext(table_size, nid);
320 * The value stored in section->page_ext is (base - pfn)
321 * and it does not point to the memory block allocated above,
322 * causing kmemleak false positives.
324 kmemleak_not_leak(base);
327 pr_err("page ext allocation failure\n");
332 * The passed "pfn" may not be aligned to SECTION. For the calculation
333 * we need to apply a mask.
335 pfn &= PAGE_SECTION_MASK;
336 section->page_ext = (void *)base - page_ext_size * pfn;
337 total_usage += table_size;
341 static void free_page_ext(void *addr)
343 if (is_vmalloc_addr(addr)) {
346 struct page *page = virt_to_page(addr);
349 table_size = page_ext_size * PAGES_PER_SECTION;
351 BUG_ON(PageReserved(page));
353 free_pages_exact(addr, table_size);
357 static void __free_page_ext(unsigned long pfn)
359 struct mem_section *ms;
360 struct page_ext *base;
362 ms = __pfn_to_section(pfn);
363 if (!ms || !ms->page_ext)
366 base = READ_ONCE(ms->page_ext);
368 * page_ext here can be valid while doing the roll back
369 * operation in online_page_ext().
371 if (page_ext_invalid(base))
372 base = (void *)base - PAGE_EXT_INVALID;
373 WRITE_ONCE(ms->page_ext, NULL);
375 base = get_entry(base, pfn);
379 static void __invalidate_page_ext(unsigned long pfn)
381 struct mem_section *ms;
384 ms = __pfn_to_section(pfn);
385 if (!ms || !ms->page_ext)
387 val = (void *)ms->page_ext + PAGE_EXT_INVALID;
388 WRITE_ONCE(ms->page_ext, val);
391 static int __meminit online_page_ext(unsigned long start_pfn,
392 unsigned long nr_pages,
395 unsigned long start, end, pfn;
398 start = SECTION_ALIGN_DOWN(start_pfn);
399 end = SECTION_ALIGN_UP(start_pfn + nr_pages);
401 if (nid == NUMA_NO_NODE) {
403 * In this case, "nid" already exists and contains valid memory.
404 * "start_pfn" passed to us is a pfn which is an arg for
405 * online__pages(), and start_pfn should exist.
407 nid = pfn_to_nid(start_pfn);
408 VM_BUG_ON(!node_online(nid));
411 for (pfn = start; !fail && pfn < end; pfn += PAGES_PER_SECTION)
412 fail = init_section_page_ext(pfn, nid);
417 for (pfn = start; pfn < end; pfn += PAGES_PER_SECTION)
418 __free_page_ext(pfn);
423 static int __meminit offline_page_ext(unsigned long start_pfn,
424 unsigned long nr_pages)
426 unsigned long start, end, pfn;
428 start = SECTION_ALIGN_DOWN(start_pfn);
429 end = SECTION_ALIGN_UP(start_pfn + nr_pages);
432 * Freeing of page_ext is done in 3 steps to avoid
433 * use-after-free of it:
434 * 1) Traverse all the sections and mark their page_ext
436 * 2) Wait for all the existing users of page_ext who
437 * started before invalidation to finish.
438 * 3) Free the page_ext.
440 for (pfn = start; pfn < end; pfn += PAGES_PER_SECTION)
441 __invalidate_page_ext(pfn);
445 for (pfn = start; pfn < end; pfn += PAGES_PER_SECTION)
446 __free_page_ext(pfn);
451 static int __meminit page_ext_callback(struct notifier_block *self,
452 unsigned long action, void *arg)
454 struct memory_notify *mn = arg;
458 case MEM_GOING_ONLINE:
459 ret = online_page_ext(mn->start_pfn,
460 mn->nr_pages, mn->status_change_nid);
463 offline_page_ext(mn->start_pfn,
466 case MEM_CANCEL_ONLINE:
467 offline_page_ext(mn->start_pfn,
470 case MEM_GOING_OFFLINE:
473 case MEM_CANCEL_OFFLINE:
477 return notifier_from_errno(ret);
480 void __init page_ext_init(void)
485 if (!invoke_need_callbacks())
488 for_each_node_state(nid, N_MEMORY) {
489 unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
491 start_pfn = node_start_pfn(nid);
492 end_pfn = node_end_pfn(nid);
494 * start_pfn and end_pfn may not be aligned to SECTION and the
495 * page->flags of out of node pages are not initialized. So we
496 * scan [start_pfn, the biggest section's pfn < end_pfn) here.
498 for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn;
499 pfn = ALIGN(pfn + 1, PAGES_PER_SECTION)) {
504 * Nodes's pfns can be overlapping.
505 * We know some arch can have a nodes layout such as
506 * -------------pfn-------------->
507 * N0 | N1 | N2 | N0 | N1 | N2|....
509 if (pfn_to_nid(pfn) != nid)
511 if (init_section_page_ext(pfn, nid))
516 hotplug_memory_notifier(page_ext_callback, 0);
517 pr_info("allocated %ld bytes of page_ext\n", total_usage);
518 invoke_init_callbacks();
522 panic("Out of memory");
525 void __meminit pgdat_page_ext_init(struct pglist_data *pgdat)