1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
5 * (C) Copyright 1994 Linus Torvalds
6 * (C) Copyright 2002 Christoph Hellwig
8 * Address space accounting code <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
9 * (C) Copyright 2002 Red Hat Inc, All Rights Reserved
12 #include <linux/pagewalk.h>
13 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
14 #include <linux/shm.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
17 #include <linux/highmem.h>
18 #include <linux/security.h>
19 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
20 #include <linux/personality.h>
21 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
22 #include <linux/swap.h>
23 #include <linux/swapops.h>
24 #include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
25 #include <linux/migrate.h>
26 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
27 #include <linux/pkeys.h>
28 #include <linux/ksm.h>
29 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
30 #include <linux/mm_inline.h>
31 #include <linux/pgtable.h>
32 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
33 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
34 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
38 static unsigned long change_pte_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd,
39 unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot,
40 unsigned long cp_flags)
44 unsigned long pages = 0;
45 int target_node = NUMA_NO_NODE;
46 bool dirty_accountable = cp_flags & MM_CP_DIRTY_ACCT;
47 bool prot_numa = cp_flags & MM_CP_PROT_NUMA;
48 bool uffd_wp = cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_WP;
49 bool uffd_wp_resolve = cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_WP_RESOLVE;
52 * Can be called with only the mmap_lock for reading by
53 * prot_numa so we must check the pmd isn't constantly
54 * changing from under us from pmd_none to pmd_trans_huge
55 * and/or the other way around.
57 if (pmd_trans_unstable(pmd))
61 * The pmd points to a regular pte so the pmd can't change
62 * from under us even if the mmap_lock is only hold for
65 pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
67 /* Get target node for single threaded private VMAs */
68 if (prot_numa && !(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED) &&
69 atomic_read(&vma->vm_mm->mm_users) == 1)
70 target_node = numa_node_id();
72 flush_tlb_batched_pending(vma->vm_mm);
73 arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode();
76 if (pte_present(oldpte)) {
78 bool preserve_write = prot_numa && pte_write(oldpte);
81 * Avoid trapping faults against the zero or KSM
82 * pages. See similar comment in change_huge_pmd.
87 /* Avoid TLB flush if possible */
88 if (pte_protnone(oldpte))
91 page = vm_normal_page(vma, addr, oldpte);
92 if (!page || PageKsm(page))
95 /* Also skip shared copy-on-write pages */
96 if (is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags) &&
97 page_mapcount(page) != 1)
101 * While migration can move some dirty pages,
102 * it cannot move them all from MIGRATE_ASYNC
105 if (page_is_file_lru(page) && PageDirty(page))
109 * Don't mess with PTEs if page is already on the node
110 * a single-threaded process is running on.
112 if (target_node == page_to_nid(page))
116 oldpte = ptep_modify_prot_start(vma, addr, pte);
117 ptent = pte_modify(oldpte, newprot);
119 ptent = pte_mk_savedwrite(ptent);
122 ptent = pte_wrprotect(ptent);
123 ptent = pte_mkuffd_wp(ptent);
124 } else if (uffd_wp_resolve) {
126 * Leave the write bit to be handled
127 * by PF interrupt handler, then
128 * things like COW could be properly
131 ptent = pte_clear_uffd_wp(ptent);
134 /* Avoid taking write faults for known dirty pages */
135 if (dirty_accountable && pte_dirty(ptent) &&
136 (pte_soft_dirty(ptent) ||
137 !(vma->vm_flags & VM_SOFTDIRTY))) {
138 ptent = pte_mkwrite(ptent);
140 ptep_modify_prot_commit(vma, addr, pte, oldpte, ptent);
142 } else if (is_swap_pte(oldpte)) {
143 swp_entry_t entry = pte_to_swp_entry(oldpte);
146 if (is_writable_migration_entry(entry)) {
148 * A protection check is difficult so
149 * just be safe and disable write
151 entry = make_readable_migration_entry(
153 newpte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry);
154 if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(oldpte))
155 newpte = pte_swp_mksoft_dirty(newpte);
156 if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(oldpte))
157 newpte = pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(newpte);
158 } else if (is_writable_device_private_entry(entry)) {
160 * We do not preserve soft-dirtiness. See
161 * copy_one_pte() for explanation.
163 entry = make_readable_device_private_entry(
165 newpte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry);
166 if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(oldpte))
167 newpte = pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(newpte);
168 } else if (is_writable_device_exclusive_entry(entry)) {
169 entry = make_readable_device_exclusive_entry(
171 newpte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry);
172 if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(oldpte))
173 newpte = pte_swp_mksoft_dirty(newpte);
174 if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(oldpte))
175 newpte = pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(newpte);
181 newpte = pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(newpte);
182 else if (uffd_wp_resolve)
183 newpte = pte_swp_clear_uffd_wp(newpte);
185 if (!pte_same(oldpte, newpte)) {
186 set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, addr, pte, newpte);
190 } while (pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
191 arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode();
192 pte_unmap_unlock(pte - 1, ptl);
198 * Used when setting automatic NUMA hinting protection where it is
199 * critical that a numa hinting PMD is not confused with a bad PMD.
201 static inline int pmd_none_or_clear_bad_unless_trans_huge(pmd_t *pmd)
203 pmd_t pmdval = pmd_read_atomic(pmd);
205 /* See pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad for info on barrier */
206 #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
210 if (pmd_none(pmdval))
212 if (pmd_trans_huge(pmdval))
214 if (unlikely(pmd_bad(pmdval))) {
222 static inline unsigned long change_pmd_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
223 pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
224 pgprot_t newprot, unsigned long cp_flags)
228 unsigned long pages = 0;
229 unsigned long nr_huge_updates = 0;
230 struct mmu_notifier_range range;
234 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
236 unsigned long this_pages;
238 next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
241 * Automatic NUMA balancing walks the tables with mmap_lock
242 * held for read. It's possible a parallel update to occur
243 * between pmd_trans_huge() and a pmd_none_or_clear_bad()
244 * check leading to a false positive and clearing.
245 * Hence, it's necessary to atomically read the PMD value
246 * for all the checks.
248 if (!is_swap_pmd(*pmd) && !pmd_devmap(*pmd) &&
249 pmd_none_or_clear_bad_unless_trans_huge(pmd))
252 /* invoke the mmu notifier if the pmd is populated */
254 mmu_notifier_range_init(&range,
255 MMU_NOTIFY_PROTECTION_VMA, 0,
256 vma, vma->vm_mm, addr, end);
257 mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range);
260 if (is_swap_pmd(*pmd) || pmd_trans_huge(*pmd) || pmd_devmap(*pmd)) {
261 if (next - addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
262 __split_huge_pmd(vma, pmd, addr, false, NULL);
264 int nr_ptes = change_huge_pmd(vma, pmd, addr,
268 if (nr_ptes == HPAGE_PMD_NR) {
269 pages += HPAGE_PMD_NR;
273 /* huge pmd was handled */
277 /* fall through, the trans huge pmd just split */
279 this_pages = change_pte_range(vma, pmd, addr, next, newprot,
284 } while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
287 mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);
290 count_vm_numa_events(NUMA_HUGE_PTE_UPDATES, nr_huge_updates);
294 static inline unsigned long change_pud_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
295 p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
296 pgprot_t newprot, unsigned long cp_flags)
300 unsigned long pages = 0;
302 pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
304 next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
305 if (pud_none_or_clear_bad(pud))
307 pages += change_pmd_range(vma, pud, addr, next, newprot,
309 } while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
314 static inline unsigned long change_p4d_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
315 pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
316 pgprot_t newprot, unsigned long cp_flags)
320 unsigned long pages = 0;
322 p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
324 next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
325 if (p4d_none_or_clear_bad(p4d))
327 pages += change_pud_range(vma, p4d, addr, next, newprot,
329 } while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
334 static unsigned long change_protection_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
335 unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot,
336 unsigned long cp_flags)
338 struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
341 unsigned long start = addr;
342 unsigned long pages = 0;
345 pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
346 flush_cache_range(vma, addr, end);
347 inc_tlb_flush_pending(mm);
349 next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
350 if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd))
352 pages += change_p4d_range(vma, pgd, addr, next, newprot,
354 } while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
356 /* Only flush the TLB if we actually modified any entries: */
358 flush_tlb_range(vma, start, end);
359 dec_tlb_flush_pending(mm);
364 unsigned long change_protection(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start,
365 unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot,
366 unsigned long cp_flags)
370 BUG_ON((cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_WP_ALL) == MM_CP_UFFD_WP_ALL);
372 if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))
373 pages = hugetlb_change_protection(vma, start, end, newprot);
375 pages = change_protection_range(vma, start, end, newprot,
381 static int prot_none_pte_entry(pte_t *pte, unsigned long addr,
382 unsigned long next, struct mm_walk *walk)
384 return pfn_modify_allowed(pte_pfn(*pte), *(pgprot_t *)(walk->private)) ?
388 static int prot_none_hugetlb_entry(pte_t *pte, unsigned long hmask,
389 unsigned long addr, unsigned long next,
390 struct mm_walk *walk)
392 return pfn_modify_allowed(pte_pfn(*pte), *(pgprot_t *)(walk->private)) ?
396 static int prot_none_test(unsigned long addr, unsigned long next,
397 struct mm_walk *walk)
402 static const struct mm_walk_ops prot_none_walk_ops = {
403 .pte_entry = prot_none_pte_entry,
404 .hugetlb_entry = prot_none_hugetlb_entry,
405 .test_walk = prot_none_test,
409 mprotect_fixup(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_area_struct **pprev,
410 unsigned long start, unsigned long end, unsigned long newflags)
412 struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
413 unsigned long oldflags = vma->vm_flags;
414 long nrpages = (end - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
415 unsigned long charged = 0;
418 int dirty_accountable = 0;
420 if (newflags == oldflags) {
426 * Do PROT_NONE PFN permission checks here when we can still
427 * bail out without undoing a lot of state. This is a rather
428 * uncommon case, so doesn't need to be very optimized.
430 if (arch_has_pfn_modify_check() &&
431 (vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)) &&
432 (newflags & VM_ACCESS_FLAGS) == 0) {
433 pgprot_t new_pgprot = vm_get_page_prot(newflags);
435 error = walk_page_range(current->mm, start, end,
436 &prot_none_walk_ops, &new_pgprot);
442 * If we make a private mapping writable we increase our commit;
443 * but (without finer accounting) cannot reduce our commit if we
444 * make it unwritable again. hugetlb mapping were accounted for
445 * even if read-only so there is no need to account for them here
447 if (newflags & VM_WRITE) {
448 /* Check space limits when area turns into data. */
449 if (!may_expand_vm(mm, newflags, nrpages) &&
450 may_expand_vm(mm, oldflags, nrpages))
452 if (!(oldflags & (VM_ACCOUNT|VM_WRITE|VM_HUGETLB|
453 VM_SHARED|VM_NORESERVE))) {
455 if (security_vm_enough_memory_mm(mm, charged))
457 newflags |= VM_ACCOUNT;
462 * First try to merge with previous and/or next vma.
464 pgoff = vma->vm_pgoff + ((start - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
465 *pprev = vma_merge(mm, *pprev, start, end, newflags,
466 vma->anon_vma, vma->vm_file, pgoff, vma_policy(vma),
467 vma->vm_userfaultfd_ctx);
470 VM_WARN_ON((vma->vm_flags ^ newflags) & ~VM_SOFTDIRTY);
476 if (start != vma->vm_start) {
477 error = split_vma(mm, vma, start, 1);
482 if (end != vma->vm_end) {
483 error = split_vma(mm, vma, end, 0);
490 * vm_flags and vm_page_prot are protected by the mmap_lock
491 * held in write mode.
493 vma->vm_flags = newflags;
494 dirty_accountable = vma_wants_writenotify(vma, vma->vm_page_prot);
495 vma_set_page_prot(vma);
497 change_protection(vma, start, end, vma->vm_page_prot,
498 dirty_accountable ? MM_CP_DIRTY_ACCT : 0);
501 * Private VM_LOCKED VMA becoming writable: trigger COW to avoid major
504 if ((oldflags & (VM_WRITE | VM_SHARED | VM_LOCKED)) == VM_LOCKED &&
505 (newflags & VM_WRITE)) {
506 populate_vma_page_range(vma, start, end, NULL);
509 vm_stat_account(mm, oldflags, -nrpages);
510 vm_stat_account(mm, newflags, nrpages);
511 perf_event_mmap(vma);
515 vm_unacct_memory(charged);
520 * pkey==-1 when doing a legacy mprotect()
522 static int do_mprotect_pkey(unsigned long start, size_t len,
523 unsigned long prot, int pkey)
525 unsigned long nstart, end, tmp, reqprot;
526 struct vm_area_struct *vma, *prev;
528 const int grows = prot & (PROT_GROWSDOWN|PROT_GROWSUP);
529 const bool rier = (current->personality & READ_IMPLIES_EXEC) &&
532 start = untagged_addr(start);
534 prot &= ~(PROT_GROWSDOWN|PROT_GROWSUP);
535 if (grows == (PROT_GROWSDOWN|PROT_GROWSUP)) /* can't be both */
538 if (start & ~PAGE_MASK)
542 len = PAGE_ALIGN(len);
546 if (!arch_validate_prot(prot, start))
551 if (mmap_write_lock_killable(current->mm))
555 * If userspace did not allocate the pkey, do not let
559 if ((pkey != -1) && !mm_pkey_is_allocated(current->mm, pkey))
562 vma = find_vma(current->mm, start);
567 if (unlikely(grows & PROT_GROWSDOWN)) {
568 if (vma->vm_start >= end)
570 start = vma->vm_start;
572 if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSDOWN))
575 if (vma->vm_start > start)
577 if (unlikely(grows & PROT_GROWSUP)) {
580 if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSUP))
584 if (start > vma->vm_start)
587 for (nstart = start ; ; ) {
588 unsigned long mask_off_old_flags;
589 unsigned long newflags;
592 /* Here we know that vma->vm_start <= nstart < vma->vm_end. */
594 /* Does the application expect PROT_READ to imply PROT_EXEC */
595 if (rier && (vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYEXEC))
599 * Each mprotect() call explicitly passes r/w/x permissions.
600 * If a permission is not passed to mprotect(), it must be
601 * cleared from the VMA.
603 mask_off_old_flags = VM_READ | VM_WRITE | VM_EXEC |
606 new_vma_pkey = arch_override_mprotect_pkey(vma, prot, pkey);
607 newflags = calc_vm_prot_bits(prot, new_vma_pkey);
608 newflags |= (vma->vm_flags & ~mask_off_old_flags);
610 /* newflags >> 4 shift VM_MAY% in place of VM_% */
611 if ((newflags & ~(newflags >> 4)) & VM_ACCESS_FLAGS) {
616 /* Allow architectures to sanity-check the new flags */
617 if (!arch_validate_flags(newflags)) {
622 error = security_file_mprotect(vma, reqprot, prot);
630 if (vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->mprotect) {
631 error = vma->vm_ops->mprotect(vma, nstart, tmp, newflags);
636 error = mprotect_fixup(vma, &prev, nstart, tmp, newflags);
642 if (nstart < prev->vm_end)
643 nstart = prev->vm_end;
648 if (!vma || vma->vm_start != nstart) {
655 mmap_write_unlock(current->mm);
659 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(mprotect, unsigned long, start, size_t, len,
662 return do_mprotect_pkey(start, len, prot, -1);
665 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PKEYS
667 SYSCALL_DEFINE4(pkey_mprotect, unsigned long, start, size_t, len,
668 unsigned long, prot, int, pkey)
670 return do_mprotect_pkey(start, len, prot, pkey);
673 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(pkey_alloc, unsigned long, flags, unsigned long, init_val)
678 /* No flags supported yet. */
681 /* check for unsupported init values */
682 if (init_val & ~PKEY_ACCESS_MASK)
685 mmap_write_lock(current->mm);
686 pkey = mm_pkey_alloc(current->mm);
692 ret = arch_set_user_pkey_access(current, pkey, init_val);
694 mm_pkey_free(current->mm, pkey);
699 mmap_write_unlock(current->mm);
703 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(pkey_free, int, pkey)
707 mmap_write_lock(current->mm);
708 ret = mm_pkey_free(current->mm, pkey);
709 mmap_write_unlock(current->mm);
712 * We could provide warnings or errors if any VMA still
713 * has the pkey set here.
718 #endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PKEYS */