1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 #include <linux/kernel.h>
3 #include <linux/errno.h>
5 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
8 #include <linux/memremap.h>
9 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
10 #include <linux/rmap.h>
11 #include <linux/swap.h>
12 #include <linux/swapops.h>
13 #include <linux/secretmem.h>
15 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
16 #include <linux/rwsem.h>
17 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
18 #include <linux/migrate.h>
19 #include <linux/mm_inline.h>
20 #include <linux/sched/mm.h>
21 #include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
23 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
24 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
28 struct follow_page_context {
29 struct dev_pagemap *pgmap;
30 unsigned int page_mask;
33 static inline void sanity_check_pinned_pages(struct page **pages,
36 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_VM))
40 * We only pin anonymous pages if they are exclusive. Once pinned, we
41 * can no longer turn them possibly shared and PageAnonExclusive() will
42 * stick around until the page is freed.
44 * We'd like to verify that our pinned anonymous pages are still mapped
45 * exclusively. The issue with anon THP is that we don't know how
46 * they are/were mapped when pinning them. However, for anon
47 * THP we can assume that either the given page (PTE-mapped THP) or
48 * the head page (PMD-mapped THP) should be PageAnonExclusive(). If
49 * neither is the case, there is certainly something wrong.
51 for (; npages; npages--, pages++) {
52 struct page *page = *pages;
53 struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
55 if (is_zero_page(page) ||
56 !folio_test_anon(folio))
58 if (!folio_test_large(folio) || folio_test_hugetlb(folio))
59 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageAnonExclusive(&folio->page), page);
61 /* Either a PTE-mapped or a PMD-mapped THP. */
62 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageAnonExclusive(&folio->page) &&
63 !PageAnonExclusive(page), page);
68 * Return the folio with ref appropriately incremented,
69 * or NULL if that failed.
71 static inline struct folio *try_get_folio(struct page *page, int refs)
76 folio = page_folio(page);
77 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_ref_count(folio) < 0))
79 if (unlikely(!folio_ref_try_add_rcu(folio, refs)))
83 * At this point we have a stable reference to the folio; but it
84 * could be that between calling page_folio() and the refcount
85 * increment, the folio was split, in which case we'd end up
86 * holding a reference on a folio that has nothing to do with the page
87 * we were given anymore.
88 * So now that the folio is stable, recheck that the page still
89 * belongs to this folio.
91 if (unlikely(page_folio(page) != folio)) {
92 if (!put_devmap_managed_page_refs(&folio->page, refs))
93 folio_put_refs(folio, refs);
101 * try_grab_folio() - Attempt to get or pin a folio.
102 * @page: pointer to page to be grabbed
103 * @refs: the value to (effectively) add to the folio's refcount
104 * @flags: gup flags: these are the FOLL_* flag values.
106 * "grab" names in this file mean, "look at flags to decide whether to use
107 * FOLL_PIN or FOLL_GET behavior, when incrementing the folio's refcount.
109 * Either FOLL_PIN or FOLL_GET (or neither) must be set, but not both at the
110 * same time. (That's true throughout the get_user_pages*() and
111 * pin_user_pages*() APIs.) Cases:
113 * FOLL_GET: folio's refcount will be incremented by @refs.
115 * FOLL_PIN on large folios: folio's refcount will be incremented by
116 * @refs, and its pincount will be incremented by @refs.
118 * FOLL_PIN on single-page folios: folio's refcount will be incremented by
119 * @refs * GUP_PIN_COUNTING_BIAS.
121 * Return: The folio containing @page (with refcount appropriately
122 * incremented) for success, or NULL upon failure. If neither FOLL_GET
123 * nor FOLL_PIN was set, that's considered failure, and furthermore,
124 * a likely bug in the caller, so a warning is also emitted.
126 struct folio *try_grab_folio(struct page *page, int refs, unsigned int flags)
130 if (WARN_ON_ONCE((flags & (FOLL_GET | FOLL_PIN)) == 0))
133 if (unlikely(!(flags & FOLL_PCI_P2PDMA) && is_pci_p2pdma_page(page)))
136 if (flags & FOLL_GET)
137 return try_get_folio(page, refs);
139 /* FOLL_PIN is set */
142 * Don't take a pin on the zero page - it's not going anywhere
143 * and it is used in a *lot* of places.
145 if (is_zero_page(page))
146 return page_folio(page);
148 folio = try_get_folio(page, refs);
153 * Can't do FOLL_LONGTERM + FOLL_PIN gup fast path if not in a
154 * right zone, so fail and let the caller fall back to the slow
157 if (unlikely((flags & FOLL_LONGTERM) &&
158 !folio_is_longterm_pinnable(folio))) {
159 if (!put_devmap_managed_page_refs(&folio->page, refs))
160 folio_put_refs(folio, refs);
165 * When pinning a large folio, use an exact count to track it.
167 * However, be sure to *also* increment the normal folio
168 * refcount field at least once, so that the folio really
169 * is pinned. That's why the refcount from the earlier
170 * try_get_folio() is left intact.
172 if (folio_test_large(folio))
173 atomic_add(refs, &folio->_pincount);
176 refs * (GUP_PIN_COUNTING_BIAS - 1));
178 * Adjust the pincount before re-checking the PTE for changes.
179 * This is essentially a smp_mb() and is paired with a memory
180 * barrier in page_try_share_anon_rmap().
182 smp_mb__after_atomic();
184 node_stat_mod_folio(folio, NR_FOLL_PIN_ACQUIRED, refs);
189 static void gup_put_folio(struct folio *folio, int refs, unsigned int flags)
191 if (flags & FOLL_PIN) {
192 if (is_zero_folio(folio))
194 node_stat_mod_folio(folio, NR_FOLL_PIN_RELEASED, refs);
195 if (folio_test_large(folio))
196 atomic_sub(refs, &folio->_pincount);
198 refs *= GUP_PIN_COUNTING_BIAS;
201 if (!put_devmap_managed_page_refs(&folio->page, refs))
202 folio_put_refs(folio, refs);
206 * try_grab_page() - elevate a page's refcount by a flag-dependent amount
207 * @page: pointer to page to be grabbed
208 * @flags: gup flags: these are the FOLL_* flag values.
210 * This might not do anything at all, depending on the flags argument.
212 * "grab" names in this file mean, "look at flags to decide whether to use
213 * FOLL_PIN or FOLL_GET behavior, when incrementing the page's refcount.
215 * Either FOLL_PIN or FOLL_GET (or neither) may be set, but not both at the same
216 * time. Cases: please see the try_grab_folio() documentation, with
219 * Return: 0 for success, or if no action was required (if neither FOLL_PIN
220 * nor FOLL_GET was set, nothing is done). A negative error code for failure:
222 * -ENOMEM FOLL_GET or FOLL_PIN was set, but the page could not
225 int __must_check try_grab_page(struct page *page, unsigned int flags)
227 struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
229 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_ref_count(folio) <= 0))
232 if (unlikely(!(flags & FOLL_PCI_P2PDMA) && is_pci_p2pdma_page(page)))
235 if (flags & FOLL_GET)
236 folio_ref_inc(folio);
237 else if (flags & FOLL_PIN) {
239 * Don't take a pin on the zero page - it's not going anywhere
240 * and it is used in a *lot* of places.
242 if (is_zero_page(page))
246 * Similar to try_grab_folio(): be sure to *also*
247 * increment the normal page refcount field at least once,
248 * so that the page really is pinned.
250 if (folio_test_large(folio)) {
251 folio_ref_add(folio, 1);
252 atomic_add(1, &folio->_pincount);
254 folio_ref_add(folio, GUP_PIN_COUNTING_BIAS);
257 node_stat_mod_folio(folio, NR_FOLL_PIN_ACQUIRED, 1);
264 * unpin_user_page() - release a dma-pinned page
265 * @page: pointer to page to be released
267 * Pages that were pinned via pin_user_pages*() must be released via either
268 * unpin_user_page(), or one of the unpin_user_pages*() routines. This is so
269 * that such pages can be separately tracked and uniquely handled. In
270 * particular, interactions with RDMA and filesystems need special handling.
272 void unpin_user_page(struct page *page)
274 sanity_check_pinned_pages(&page, 1);
275 gup_put_folio(page_folio(page), 1, FOLL_PIN);
277 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unpin_user_page);
280 * folio_add_pin - Try to get an additional pin on a pinned folio
281 * @folio: The folio to be pinned
283 * Get an additional pin on a folio we already have a pin on. Makes no change
284 * if the folio is a zero_page.
286 void folio_add_pin(struct folio *folio)
288 if (is_zero_folio(folio))
292 * Similar to try_grab_folio(): be sure to *also* increment the normal
293 * page refcount field at least once, so that the page really is
296 if (folio_test_large(folio)) {
297 WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&folio->_pincount) < 1);
298 folio_ref_inc(folio);
299 atomic_inc(&folio->_pincount);
301 WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_ref_count(folio) < GUP_PIN_COUNTING_BIAS);
302 folio_ref_add(folio, GUP_PIN_COUNTING_BIAS);
306 static inline struct folio *gup_folio_range_next(struct page *start,
307 unsigned long npages, unsigned long i, unsigned int *ntails)
309 struct page *next = nth_page(start, i);
310 struct folio *folio = page_folio(next);
313 if (folio_test_large(folio))
314 nr = min_t(unsigned int, npages - i,
315 folio_nr_pages(folio) - folio_page_idx(folio, next));
321 static inline struct folio *gup_folio_next(struct page **list,
322 unsigned long npages, unsigned long i, unsigned int *ntails)
324 struct folio *folio = page_folio(list[i]);
327 for (nr = i + 1; nr < npages; nr++) {
328 if (page_folio(list[nr]) != folio)
337 * unpin_user_pages_dirty_lock() - release and optionally dirty gup-pinned pages
338 * @pages: array of pages to be maybe marked dirty, and definitely released.
339 * @npages: number of pages in the @pages array.
340 * @make_dirty: whether to mark the pages dirty
342 * "gup-pinned page" refers to a page that has had one of the get_user_pages()
343 * variants called on that page.
345 * For each page in the @pages array, make that page (or its head page, if a
346 * compound page) dirty, if @make_dirty is true, and if the page was previously
347 * listed as clean. In any case, releases all pages using unpin_user_page(),
348 * possibly via unpin_user_pages(), for the non-dirty case.
350 * Please see the unpin_user_page() documentation for details.
352 * set_page_dirty_lock() is used internally. If instead, set_page_dirty() is
353 * required, then the caller should a) verify that this is really correct,
354 * because _lock() is usually required, and b) hand code it:
355 * set_page_dirty_lock(), unpin_user_page().
358 void unpin_user_pages_dirty_lock(struct page **pages, unsigned long npages,
366 unpin_user_pages(pages, npages);
370 sanity_check_pinned_pages(pages, npages);
371 for (i = 0; i < npages; i += nr) {
372 folio = gup_folio_next(pages, npages, i, &nr);
374 * Checking PageDirty at this point may race with
375 * clear_page_dirty_for_io(), but that's OK. Two key
378 * 1) This code sees the page as already dirty, so it
379 * skips the call to set_page_dirty(). That could happen
380 * because clear_page_dirty_for_io() called
381 * page_mkclean(), followed by set_page_dirty().
382 * However, now the page is going to get written back,
383 * which meets the original intention of setting it
384 * dirty, so all is well: clear_page_dirty_for_io() goes
385 * on to call TestClearPageDirty(), and write the page
388 * 2) This code sees the page as clean, so it calls
389 * set_page_dirty(). The page stays dirty, despite being
390 * written back, so it gets written back again in the
391 * next writeback cycle. This is harmless.
393 if (!folio_test_dirty(folio)) {
395 folio_mark_dirty(folio);
398 gup_put_folio(folio, nr, FOLL_PIN);
401 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unpin_user_pages_dirty_lock);
404 * unpin_user_page_range_dirty_lock() - release and optionally dirty
405 * gup-pinned page range
407 * @page: the starting page of a range maybe marked dirty, and definitely released.
408 * @npages: number of consecutive pages to release.
409 * @make_dirty: whether to mark the pages dirty
411 * "gup-pinned page range" refers to a range of pages that has had one of the
412 * pin_user_pages() variants called on that page.
414 * For the page ranges defined by [page .. page+npages], make that range (or
415 * its head pages, if a compound page) dirty, if @make_dirty is true, and if the
416 * page range was previously listed as clean.
418 * set_page_dirty_lock() is used internally. If instead, set_page_dirty() is
419 * required, then the caller should a) verify that this is really correct,
420 * because _lock() is usually required, and b) hand code it:
421 * set_page_dirty_lock(), unpin_user_page().
424 void unpin_user_page_range_dirty_lock(struct page *page, unsigned long npages,
431 for (i = 0; i < npages; i += nr) {
432 folio = gup_folio_range_next(page, npages, i, &nr);
433 if (make_dirty && !folio_test_dirty(folio)) {
435 folio_mark_dirty(folio);
438 gup_put_folio(folio, nr, FOLL_PIN);
441 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unpin_user_page_range_dirty_lock);
443 static void unpin_user_pages_lockless(struct page **pages, unsigned long npages)
450 * Don't perform any sanity checks because we might have raced with
451 * fork() and some anonymous pages might now actually be shared --
452 * which is why we're unpinning after all.
454 for (i = 0; i < npages; i += nr) {
455 folio = gup_folio_next(pages, npages, i, &nr);
456 gup_put_folio(folio, nr, FOLL_PIN);
461 * unpin_user_pages() - release an array of gup-pinned pages.
462 * @pages: array of pages to be marked dirty and released.
463 * @npages: number of pages in the @pages array.
465 * For each page in the @pages array, release the page using unpin_user_page().
467 * Please see the unpin_user_page() documentation for details.
469 void unpin_user_pages(struct page **pages, unsigned long npages)
476 * If this WARN_ON() fires, then the system *might* be leaking pages (by
477 * leaving them pinned), but probably not. More likely, gup/pup returned
478 * a hard -ERRNO error to the caller, who erroneously passed it here.
480 if (WARN_ON(IS_ERR_VALUE(npages)))
483 sanity_check_pinned_pages(pages, npages);
484 for (i = 0; i < npages; i += nr) {
485 folio = gup_folio_next(pages, npages, i, &nr);
486 gup_put_folio(folio, nr, FOLL_PIN);
489 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unpin_user_pages);
492 * Set the MMF_HAS_PINNED if not set yet; after set it'll be there for the mm's
493 * lifecycle. Avoid setting the bit unless necessary, or it might cause write
494 * cache bouncing on large SMP machines for concurrent pinned gups.
496 static inline void mm_set_has_pinned_flag(unsigned long *mm_flags)
498 if (!test_bit(MMF_HAS_PINNED, mm_flags))
499 set_bit(MMF_HAS_PINNED, mm_flags);
503 static struct page *no_page_table(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
507 * When core dumping an enormous anonymous area that nobody
508 * has touched so far, we don't want to allocate unnecessary pages or
509 * page tables. Return error instead of NULL to skip handle_mm_fault,
510 * then get_dump_page() will return NULL to leave a hole in the dump.
511 * But we can only make this optimization where a hole would surely
512 * be zero-filled if handle_mm_fault() actually did handle it.
514 if ((flags & FOLL_DUMP) &&
515 (vma_is_anonymous(vma) || !vma->vm_ops->fault))
516 return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
520 static int follow_pfn_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
521 pte_t *pte, unsigned int flags)
523 if (flags & FOLL_TOUCH) {
524 pte_t orig_entry = ptep_get(pte);
525 pte_t entry = orig_entry;
527 if (flags & FOLL_WRITE)
528 entry = pte_mkdirty(entry);
529 entry = pte_mkyoung(entry);
531 if (!pte_same(orig_entry, entry)) {
532 set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, address, pte, entry);
533 update_mmu_cache(vma, address, pte);
537 /* Proper page table entry exists, but no corresponding struct page */
541 /* FOLL_FORCE can write to even unwritable PTEs in COW mappings. */
542 static inline bool can_follow_write_pte(pte_t pte, struct page *page,
543 struct vm_area_struct *vma,
546 /* If the pte is writable, we can write to the page. */
550 /* Maybe FOLL_FORCE is set to override it? */
551 if (!(flags & FOLL_FORCE))
554 /* But FOLL_FORCE has no effect on shared mappings */
555 if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_MAYSHARE | VM_SHARED))
558 /* ... or read-only private ones */
559 if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYWRITE))
562 /* ... or already writable ones that just need to take a write fault */
563 if (vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)
567 * See can_change_pte_writable(): we broke COW and could map the page
568 * writable if we have an exclusive anonymous page ...
570 if (!page || !PageAnon(page) || !PageAnonExclusive(page))
573 /* ... and a write-fault isn't required for other reasons. */
574 if (vma_soft_dirty_enabled(vma) && !pte_soft_dirty(pte))
576 return !userfaultfd_pte_wp(vma, pte);
579 static struct page *follow_page_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
580 unsigned long address, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned int flags,
581 struct dev_pagemap **pgmap)
583 struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
589 /* FOLL_GET and FOLL_PIN are mutually exclusive. */
590 if (WARN_ON_ONCE((flags & (FOLL_PIN | FOLL_GET)) ==
591 (FOLL_PIN | FOLL_GET)))
592 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
594 ptep = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, &ptl);
596 return no_page_table(vma, flags);
597 pte = ptep_get(ptep);
598 if (!pte_present(pte))
600 if (pte_protnone(pte) && !gup_can_follow_protnone(vma, flags))
603 page = vm_normal_page(vma, address, pte);
606 * We only care about anon pages in can_follow_write_pte() and don't
607 * have to worry about pte_devmap() because they are never anon.
609 if ((flags & FOLL_WRITE) &&
610 !can_follow_write_pte(pte, page, vma, flags)) {
615 if (!page && pte_devmap(pte) && (flags & (FOLL_GET | FOLL_PIN))) {
617 * Only return device mapping pages in the FOLL_GET or FOLL_PIN
618 * case since they are only valid while holding the pgmap
621 *pgmap = get_dev_pagemap(pte_pfn(pte), *pgmap);
623 page = pte_page(pte);
626 } else if (unlikely(!page)) {
627 if (flags & FOLL_DUMP) {
628 /* Avoid special (like zero) pages in core dumps */
629 page = ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
633 if (is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(pte))) {
634 page = pte_page(pte);
636 ret = follow_pfn_pte(vma, address, ptep, flags);
642 if (!pte_write(pte) && gup_must_unshare(vma, flags, page)) {
643 page = ERR_PTR(-EMLINK);
647 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE((flags & FOLL_PIN) && PageAnon(page) &&
648 !PageAnonExclusive(page), page);
650 /* try_grab_page() does nothing unless FOLL_GET or FOLL_PIN is set. */
651 ret = try_grab_page(page, flags);
658 * We need to make the page accessible if and only if we are going
659 * to access its content (the FOLL_PIN case). Please see
660 * Documentation/core-api/pin_user_pages.rst for details.
662 if (flags & FOLL_PIN) {
663 ret = arch_make_page_accessible(page);
665 unpin_user_page(page);
670 if (flags & FOLL_TOUCH) {
671 if ((flags & FOLL_WRITE) &&
672 !pte_dirty(pte) && !PageDirty(page))
673 set_page_dirty(page);
675 * pte_mkyoung() would be more correct here, but atomic care
676 * is needed to avoid losing the dirty bit: it is easier to use
677 * mark_page_accessed().
679 mark_page_accessed(page);
682 pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl);
685 pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl);
688 return no_page_table(vma, flags);
691 static struct page *follow_pmd_mask(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
692 unsigned long address, pud_t *pudp,
694 struct follow_page_context *ctx)
699 struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
701 pmd = pmd_offset(pudp, address);
702 pmdval = pmdp_get_lockless(pmd);
703 if (pmd_none(pmdval))
704 return no_page_table(vma, flags);
705 if (!pmd_present(pmdval))
706 return no_page_table(vma, flags);
707 if (pmd_devmap(pmdval)) {
708 ptl = pmd_lock(mm, pmd);
709 page = follow_devmap_pmd(vma, address, pmd, flags, &ctx->pgmap);
714 if (likely(!pmd_trans_huge(pmdval)))
715 return follow_page_pte(vma, address, pmd, flags, &ctx->pgmap);
717 if (pmd_protnone(pmdval) && !gup_can_follow_protnone(vma, flags))
718 return no_page_table(vma, flags);
720 ptl = pmd_lock(mm, pmd);
721 if (unlikely(!pmd_present(*pmd))) {
723 return no_page_table(vma, flags);
725 if (unlikely(!pmd_trans_huge(*pmd))) {
727 return follow_page_pte(vma, address, pmd, flags, &ctx->pgmap);
729 if (flags & FOLL_SPLIT_PMD) {
731 split_huge_pmd(vma, pmd, address);
732 /* If pmd was left empty, stuff a page table in there quickly */
733 return pte_alloc(mm, pmd) ? ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM) :
734 follow_page_pte(vma, address, pmd, flags, &ctx->pgmap);
736 page = follow_trans_huge_pmd(vma, address, pmd, flags);
738 ctx->page_mask = HPAGE_PMD_NR - 1;
742 static struct page *follow_pud_mask(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
743 unsigned long address, p4d_t *p4dp,
745 struct follow_page_context *ctx)
750 struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
752 pud = pud_offset(p4dp, address);
754 return no_page_table(vma, flags);
755 if (pud_devmap(*pud)) {
756 ptl = pud_lock(mm, pud);
757 page = follow_devmap_pud(vma, address, pud, flags, &ctx->pgmap);
762 if (unlikely(pud_bad(*pud)))
763 return no_page_table(vma, flags);
765 return follow_pmd_mask(vma, address, pud, flags, ctx);
768 static struct page *follow_p4d_mask(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
769 unsigned long address, pgd_t *pgdp,
771 struct follow_page_context *ctx)
775 p4d = p4d_offset(pgdp, address);
777 return no_page_table(vma, flags);
778 BUILD_BUG_ON(p4d_huge(*p4d));
779 if (unlikely(p4d_bad(*p4d)))
780 return no_page_table(vma, flags);
782 return follow_pud_mask(vma, address, p4d, flags, ctx);
786 * follow_page_mask - look up a page descriptor from a user-virtual address
787 * @vma: vm_area_struct mapping @address
788 * @address: virtual address to look up
789 * @flags: flags modifying lookup behaviour
790 * @ctx: contains dev_pagemap for %ZONE_DEVICE memory pinning and a
791 * pointer to output page_mask
793 * @flags can have FOLL_ flags set, defined in <linux/mm.h>
795 * When getting pages from ZONE_DEVICE memory, the @ctx->pgmap caches
796 * the device's dev_pagemap metadata to avoid repeating expensive lookups.
798 * When getting an anonymous page and the caller has to trigger unsharing
799 * of a shared anonymous page first, -EMLINK is returned. The caller should
800 * trigger a fault with FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE set. Note that unsharing is only
801 * relevant with FOLL_PIN and !FOLL_WRITE.
803 * On output, the @ctx->page_mask is set according to the size of the page.
805 * Return: the mapped (struct page *), %NULL if no mapping exists, or
806 * an error pointer if there is a mapping to something not represented
807 * by a page descriptor (see also vm_normal_page()).
809 static struct page *follow_page_mask(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
810 unsigned long address, unsigned int flags,
811 struct follow_page_context *ctx)
815 struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
820 * Call hugetlb_follow_page_mask for hugetlb vmas as it will use
821 * special hugetlb page table walking code. This eliminates the
822 * need to check for hugetlb entries in the general walking code.
824 * hugetlb_follow_page_mask is only for follow_page() handling here.
825 * Ordinary GUP uses follow_hugetlb_page for hugetlb processing.
827 if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)) {
828 page = hugetlb_follow_page_mask(vma, address, flags);
830 page = no_page_table(vma, flags);
834 pgd = pgd_offset(mm, address);
836 if (pgd_none(*pgd) || unlikely(pgd_bad(*pgd)))
837 return no_page_table(vma, flags);
839 return follow_p4d_mask(vma, address, pgd, flags, ctx);
842 struct page *follow_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
843 unsigned int foll_flags)
845 struct follow_page_context ctx = { NULL };
848 if (vma_is_secretmem(vma))
851 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(foll_flags & FOLL_PIN))
855 * We never set FOLL_HONOR_NUMA_FAULT because callers don't expect
856 * to fail on PROT_NONE-mapped pages.
858 page = follow_page_mask(vma, address, foll_flags, &ctx);
860 put_dev_pagemap(ctx.pgmap);
864 static int get_gate_page(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address,
865 unsigned int gup_flags, struct vm_area_struct **vma,
876 /* user gate pages are read-only */
877 if (gup_flags & FOLL_WRITE)
879 if (address > TASK_SIZE)
880 pgd = pgd_offset_k(address);
882 pgd = pgd_offset_gate(mm, address);
885 p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, address);
888 pud = pud_offset(p4d, address);
891 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
892 if (!pmd_present(*pmd))
894 pte = pte_offset_map(pmd, address);
897 entry = ptep_get(pte);
900 *vma = get_gate_vma(mm);
903 *page = vm_normal_page(*vma, address, entry);
905 if ((gup_flags & FOLL_DUMP) || !is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(entry)))
907 *page = pte_page(entry);
909 ret = try_grab_page(*page, gup_flags);
920 * mmap_lock must be held on entry. If @flags has FOLL_UNLOCKABLE but not
921 * FOLL_NOWAIT, the mmap_lock may be released. If it is, *@locked will be set
922 * to 0 and -EBUSY returned.
924 static int faultin_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
925 unsigned long address, unsigned int *flags, bool unshare,
928 unsigned int fault_flags = 0;
931 if (*flags & FOLL_NOFAULT)
933 if (*flags & FOLL_WRITE)
934 fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_WRITE;
935 if (*flags & FOLL_REMOTE)
936 fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_REMOTE;
937 if (*flags & FOLL_UNLOCKABLE) {
938 fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY | FAULT_FLAG_KILLABLE;
940 * FAULT_FLAG_INTERRUPTIBLE is opt-in. GUP callers must set
941 * FOLL_INTERRUPTIBLE to enable FAULT_FLAG_INTERRUPTIBLE.
942 * That's because some callers may not be prepared to
943 * handle early exits caused by non-fatal signals.
945 if (*flags & FOLL_INTERRUPTIBLE)
946 fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_INTERRUPTIBLE;
948 if (*flags & FOLL_NOWAIT)
949 fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY | FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT;
950 if (*flags & FOLL_TRIED) {
952 * Note: FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY and FAULT_FLAG_TRIED
955 fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_TRIED;
958 fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE;
959 /* FAULT_FLAG_WRITE and FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE are incompatible */
960 VM_BUG_ON(fault_flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE);
963 ret = handle_mm_fault(vma, address, fault_flags, NULL);
965 if (ret & VM_FAULT_COMPLETED) {
967 * With FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT we'll never release the
968 * mmap lock in the page fault handler. Sanity check this.
970 WARN_ON_ONCE(fault_flags & FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT);
974 * We should do the same as VM_FAULT_RETRY, but let's not
975 * return -EBUSY since that's not reflecting the reality of
976 * what has happened - we've just fully completed a page
977 * fault, with the mmap lock released. Use -EAGAIN to show
978 * that we want to take the mmap lock _again_.
983 if (ret & VM_FAULT_ERROR) {
984 int err = vm_fault_to_errno(ret, *flags);
991 if (ret & VM_FAULT_RETRY) {
992 if (!(fault_flags & FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT))
1001 * Writing to file-backed mappings which require folio dirty tracking using GUP
1002 * is a fundamentally broken operation, as kernel write access to GUP mappings
1003 * do not adhere to the semantics expected by a file system.
1005 * Consider the following scenario:-
1007 * 1. A folio is written to via GUP which write-faults the memory, notifying
1008 * the file system and dirtying the folio.
1009 * 2. Later, writeback is triggered, resulting in the folio being cleaned and
1010 * the PTE being marked read-only.
1011 * 3. The GUP caller writes to the folio, as it is mapped read/write via the
1013 * 4. The GUP caller, now done with the page, unpins it and sets it dirty
1014 * (though it does not have to).
1016 * This results in both data being written to a folio without writenotify, and
1017 * the folio being dirtied unexpectedly (if the caller decides to do so).
1019 static bool writable_file_mapping_allowed(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
1020 unsigned long gup_flags)
1023 * If we aren't pinning then no problematic write can occur. A long term
1024 * pin is the most egregious case so this is the case we disallow.
1026 if ((gup_flags & (FOLL_PIN | FOLL_LONGTERM)) !=
1027 (FOLL_PIN | FOLL_LONGTERM))
1031 * If the VMA does not require dirty tracking then no problematic write
1034 return !vma_needs_dirty_tracking(vma);
1037 static int check_vma_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long gup_flags)
1039 vm_flags_t vm_flags = vma->vm_flags;
1040 int write = (gup_flags & FOLL_WRITE);
1041 int foreign = (gup_flags & FOLL_REMOTE);
1042 bool vma_anon = vma_is_anonymous(vma);
1044 if (vm_flags & (VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP))
1047 if ((gup_flags & FOLL_ANON) && !vma_anon)
1050 if ((gup_flags & FOLL_LONGTERM) && vma_is_fsdax(vma))
1053 if (vma_is_secretmem(vma))
1058 !writable_file_mapping_allowed(vma, gup_flags))
1061 if (!(vm_flags & VM_WRITE)) {
1062 if (!(gup_flags & FOLL_FORCE))
1064 /* hugetlb does not support FOLL_FORCE|FOLL_WRITE. */
1065 if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))
1068 * We used to let the write,force case do COW in a
1069 * VM_MAYWRITE VM_SHARED !VM_WRITE vma, so ptrace could
1070 * set a breakpoint in a read-only mapping of an
1071 * executable, without corrupting the file (yet only
1072 * when that file had been opened for writing!).
1073 * Anon pages in shared mappings are surprising: now
1076 if (!is_cow_mapping(vm_flags))
1079 } else if (!(vm_flags & VM_READ)) {
1080 if (!(gup_flags & FOLL_FORCE))
1083 * Is there actually any vma we can reach here which does not
1084 * have VM_MAYREAD set?
1086 if (!(vm_flags & VM_MAYREAD))
1090 * gups are always data accesses, not instruction
1091 * fetches, so execute=false here
1093 if (!arch_vma_access_permitted(vma, write, false, foreign))
1099 * This is "vma_lookup()", but with a warning if we would have
1100 * historically expanded the stack in the GUP code.
1102 static struct vm_area_struct *gup_vma_lookup(struct mm_struct *mm,
1105 #ifdef CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP
1106 return vma_lookup(mm, addr);
1108 static volatile unsigned long next_warn;
1109 struct vm_area_struct *vma;
1110 unsigned long now, next;
1112 vma = find_vma(mm, addr);
1113 if (!vma || (addr >= vma->vm_start))
1116 /* Only warn for half-way relevant accesses */
1117 if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSDOWN))
1119 if (vma->vm_start - addr > 65536)
1122 /* Let's not warn more than once an hour.. */
1123 now = jiffies; next = next_warn;
1124 if (next && time_before(now, next))
1126 next_warn = now + 60*60*HZ;
1128 /* Let people know things may have changed. */
1129 pr_warn("GUP no longer grows the stack in %s (%d): %lx-%lx (%lx)\n",
1130 current->comm, task_pid_nr(current),
1131 vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end, addr);
1138 * __get_user_pages() - pin user pages in memory
1139 * @mm: mm_struct of target mm
1140 * @start: starting user address
1141 * @nr_pages: number of pages from start to pin
1142 * @gup_flags: flags modifying pin behaviour
1143 * @pages: array that receives pointers to the pages pinned.
1144 * Should be at least nr_pages long. Or NULL, if caller
1145 * only intends to ensure the pages are faulted in.
1146 * @locked: whether we're still with the mmap_lock held
1148 * Returns either number of pages pinned (which may be less than the
1149 * number requested), or an error. Details about the return value:
1151 * -- If nr_pages is 0, returns 0.
1152 * -- If nr_pages is >0, but no pages were pinned, returns -errno.
1153 * -- If nr_pages is >0, and some pages were pinned, returns the number of
1154 * pages pinned. Again, this may be less than nr_pages.
1155 * -- 0 return value is possible when the fault would need to be retried.
1157 * The caller is responsible for releasing returned @pages, via put_page().
1159 * Must be called with mmap_lock held. It may be released. See below.
1161 * __get_user_pages walks a process's page tables and takes a reference to
1162 * each struct page that each user address corresponds to at a given
1163 * instant. That is, it takes the page that would be accessed if a user
1164 * thread accesses the given user virtual address at that instant.
1166 * This does not guarantee that the page exists in the user mappings when
1167 * __get_user_pages returns, and there may even be a completely different
1168 * page there in some cases (eg. if mmapped pagecache has been invalidated
1169 * and subsequently re-faulted). However it does guarantee that the page
1170 * won't be freed completely. And mostly callers simply care that the page
1171 * contains data that was valid *at some point in time*. Typically, an IO
1172 * or similar operation cannot guarantee anything stronger anyway because
1173 * locks can't be held over the syscall boundary.
1175 * If @gup_flags & FOLL_WRITE == 0, the page must not be written to. If
1176 * the page is written to, set_page_dirty (or set_page_dirty_lock, as
1177 * appropriate) must be called after the page is finished with, and
1178 * before put_page is called.
1180 * If FOLL_UNLOCKABLE is set without FOLL_NOWAIT then the mmap_lock may
1181 * be released. If this happens *@locked will be set to 0 on return.
1183 * A caller using such a combination of @gup_flags must therefore hold the
1184 * mmap_lock for reading only, and recognize when it's been released. Otherwise,
1185 * it must be held for either reading or writing and will not be released.
1187 * In most cases, get_user_pages or get_user_pages_fast should be used
1188 * instead of __get_user_pages. __get_user_pages should be used only if
1189 * you need some special @gup_flags.
1191 static long __get_user_pages(struct mm_struct *mm,
1192 unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
1193 unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages,
1196 long ret = 0, i = 0;
1197 struct vm_area_struct *vma = NULL;
1198 struct follow_page_context ctx = { NULL };
1203 start = untagged_addr_remote(mm, start);
1205 VM_BUG_ON(!!pages != !!(gup_flags & (FOLL_GET | FOLL_PIN)));
1209 unsigned int foll_flags = gup_flags;
1210 unsigned int page_increm;
1212 /* first iteration or cross vma bound */
1213 if (!vma || start >= vma->vm_end) {
1214 vma = gup_vma_lookup(mm, start);
1215 if (!vma && in_gate_area(mm, start)) {
1216 ret = get_gate_page(mm, start & PAGE_MASK,
1218 pages ? &pages[i] : NULL);
1229 ret = check_vma_flags(vma, gup_flags);
1233 if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)) {
1234 i = follow_hugetlb_page(mm, vma, pages,
1235 &start, &nr_pages, i,
1239 * We've got a VM_FAULT_RETRY
1240 * and we've lost mmap_lock.
1241 * We must stop here.
1243 BUG_ON(gup_flags & FOLL_NOWAIT);
1251 * If we have a pending SIGKILL, don't keep faulting pages and
1252 * potentially allocating memory.
1254 if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
1260 page = follow_page_mask(vma, start, foll_flags, &ctx);
1261 if (!page || PTR_ERR(page) == -EMLINK) {
1262 ret = faultin_page(vma, start, &foll_flags,
1263 PTR_ERR(page) == -EMLINK, locked);
1277 } else if (PTR_ERR(page) == -EEXIST) {
1279 * Proper page table entry exists, but no corresponding
1280 * struct page. If the caller expects **pages to be
1281 * filled in, bail out now, because that can't be done
1285 ret = PTR_ERR(page);
1290 } else if (IS_ERR(page)) {
1291 ret = PTR_ERR(page);
1296 flush_anon_page(vma, page, start);
1297 flush_dcache_page(page);
1301 page_increm = 1 + (~(start >> PAGE_SHIFT) & ctx.page_mask);
1302 if (page_increm > nr_pages)
1303 page_increm = nr_pages;
1305 start += page_increm * PAGE_SIZE;
1306 nr_pages -= page_increm;
1310 put_dev_pagemap(ctx.pgmap);
1314 static bool vma_permits_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
1315 unsigned int fault_flags)
1317 bool write = !!(fault_flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE);
1318 bool foreign = !!(fault_flags & FAULT_FLAG_REMOTE);
1319 vm_flags_t vm_flags = write ? VM_WRITE : VM_READ;
1321 if (!(vm_flags & vma->vm_flags))
1325 * The architecture might have a hardware protection
1326 * mechanism other than read/write that can deny access.
1328 * gup always represents data access, not instruction
1329 * fetches, so execute=false here:
1331 if (!arch_vma_access_permitted(vma, write, false, foreign))
1338 * fixup_user_fault() - manually resolve a user page fault
1339 * @mm: mm_struct of target mm
1340 * @address: user address
1341 * @fault_flags:flags to pass down to handle_mm_fault()
1342 * @unlocked: did we unlock the mmap_lock while retrying, maybe NULL if caller
1343 * does not allow retry. If NULL, the caller must guarantee
1344 * that fault_flags does not contain FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY.
1346 * This is meant to be called in the specific scenario where for locking reasons
1347 * we try to access user memory in atomic context (within a pagefault_disable()
1348 * section), this returns -EFAULT, and we want to resolve the user fault before
1351 * Typically this is meant to be used by the futex code.
1353 * The main difference with get_user_pages() is that this function will
1354 * unconditionally call handle_mm_fault() which will in turn perform all the
1355 * necessary SW fixup of the dirty and young bits in the PTE, while
1356 * get_user_pages() only guarantees to update these in the struct page.
1358 * This is important for some architectures where those bits also gate the
1359 * access permission to the page because they are maintained in software. On
1360 * such architectures, gup() will not be enough to make a subsequent access
1363 * This function will not return with an unlocked mmap_lock. So it has not the
1364 * same semantics wrt the @mm->mmap_lock as does filemap_fault().
1366 int fixup_user_fault(struct mm_struct *mm,
1367 unsigned long address, unsigned int fault_flags,
1370 struct vm_area_struct *vma;
1373 address = untagged_addr_remote(mm, address);
1376 fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY | FAULT_FLAG_KILLABLE;
1379 vma = gup_vma_lookup(mm, address);
1383 if (!vma_permits_fault(vma, fault_flags))
1386 if ((fault_flags & FAULT_FLAG_KILLABLE) &&
1387 fatal_signal_pending(current))
1390 ret = handle_mm_fault(vma, address, fault_flags, NULL);
1392 if (ret & VM_FAULT_COMPLETED) {
1394 * NOTE: it's a pity that we need to retake the lock here
1395 * to pair with the unlock() in the callers. Ideally we
1396 * could tell the callers so they do not need to unlock.
1403 if (ret & VM_FAULT_ERROR) {
1404 int err = vm_fault_to_errno(ret, 0);
1411 if (ret & VM_FAULT_RETRY) {
1414 fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_TRIED;
1420 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fixup_user_fault);
1423 * GUP always responds to fatal signals. When FOLL_INTERRUPTIBLE is
1424 * specified, it'll also respond to generic signals. The caller of GUP
1425 * that has FOLL_INTERRUPTIBLE should take care of the GUP interruption.
1427 static bool gup_signal_pending(unsigned int flags)
1429 if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
1432 if (!(flags & FOLL_INTERRUPTIBLE))
1435 return signal_pending(current);
1439 * Locking: (*locked == 1) means that the mmap_lock has already been acquired by
1440 * the caller. This function may drop the mmap_lock. If it does so, then it will
1441 * set (*locked = 0).
1443 * (*locked == 0) means that the caller expects this function to acquire and
1444 * drop the mmap_lock. Therefore, the value of *locked will still be zero when
1445 * the function returns, even though it may have changed temporarily during
1446 * function execution.
1448 * Please note that this function, unlike __get_user_pages(), will not return 0
1449 * for nr_pages > 0, unless FOLL_NOWAIT is used.
1451 static __always_inline long __get_user_pages_locked(struct mm_struct *mm,
1452 unsigned long start,
1453 unsigned long nr_pages,
1454 struct page **pages,
1458 long ret, pages_done;
1459 bool must_unlock = false;
1462 * The internal caller expects GUP to manage the lock internally and the
1463 * lock must be released when this returns.
1466 if (mmap_read_lock_killable(mm))
1472 mmap_assert_locked(mm);
1474 if (flags & FOLL_PIN)
1475 mm_set_has_pinned_flag(&mm->flags);
1478 * FOLL_PIN and FOLL_GET are mutually exclusive. Traditional behavior
1479 * is to set FOLL_GET if the caller wants pages[] filled in (but has
1480 * carelessly failed to specify FOLL_GET), so keep doing that, but only
1481 * for FOLL_GET, not for the newer FOLL_PIN.
1483 * FOLL_PIN always expects pages to be non-null, but no need to assert
1484 * that here, as any failures will be obvious enough.
1486 if (pages && !(flags & FOLL_PIN))
1491 ret = __get_user_pages(mm, start, nr_pages, flags, pages,
1493 if (!(flags & FOLL_UNLOCKABLE)) {
1494 /* VM_FAULT_RETRY couldn't trigger, bypass */
1499 /* VM_FAULT_RETRY or VM_FAULT_COMPLETED cannot return errors */
1502 BUG_ON(ret >= nr_pages);
1513 * VM_FAULT_RETRY didn't trigger or it was a
1521 * VM_FAULT_RETRY triggered, so seek to the faulting offset.
1522 * For the prefault case (!pages) we only update counts.
1526 start += ret << PAGE_SHIFT;
1528 /* The lock was temporarily dropped, so we must unlock later */
1533 * Repeat on the address that fired VM_FAULT_RETRY
1534 * with both FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY and
1535 * FAULT_FLAG_TRIED. Note that GUP can be interrupted
1536 * by fatal signals of even common signals, depending on
1537 * the caller's request. So we need to check it before we
1538 * start trying again otherwise it can loop forever.
1540 if (gup_signal_pending(flags)) {
1542 pages_done = -EINTR;
1546 ret = mmap_read_lock_killable(mm);
1555 ret = __get_user_pages(mm, start, 1, flags | FOLL_TRIED,
1558 /* Continue to retry until we succeeded */
1576 if (must_unlock && *locked) {
1578 * We either temporarily dropped the lock, or the caller
1579 * requested that we both acquire and drop the lock. Either way,
1580 * we must now unlock, and notify the caller of that state.
1582 mmap_read_unlock(mm);
1589 * populate_vma_page_range() - populate a range of pages in the vma.
1591 * @start: start address
1593 * @locked: whether the mmap_lock is still held
1595 * This takes care of mlocking the pages too if VM_LOCKED is set.
1597 * Return either number of pages pinned in the vma, or a negative error
1600 * vma->vm_mm->mmap_lock must be held.
1602 * If @locked is NULL, it may be held for read or write and will
1605 * If @locked is non-NULL, it must held for read only and may be
1606 * released. If it's released, *@locked will be set to 0.
1608 long populate_vma_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
1609 unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int *locked)
1611 struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
1612 unsigned long nr_pages = (end - start) / PAGE_SIZE;
1613 int local_locked = 1;
1617 VM_BUG_ON(!PAGE_ALIGNED(start));
1618 VM_BUG_ON(!PAGE_ALIGNED(end));
1619 VM_BUG_ON_VMA(start < vma->vm_start, vma);
1620 VM_BUG_ON_VMA(end > vma->vm_end, vma);
1621 mmap_assert_locked(mm);
1624 * Rightly or wrongly, the VM_LOCKONFAULT case has never used
1625 * faultin_page() to break COW, so it has no work to do here.
1627 if (vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKONFAULT)
1630 gup_flags = FOLL_TOUCH;
1632 * We want to touch writable mappings with a write fault in order
1633 * to break COW, except for shared mappings because these don't COW
1634 * and we would not want to dirty them for nothing.
1636 if ((vma->vm_flags & (VM_WRITE | VM_SHARED)) == VM_WRITE)
1637 gup_flags |= FOLL_WRITE;
1640 * We want mlock to succeed for regions that have any permissions
1641 * other than PROT_NONE.
1643 if (vma_is_accessible(vma))
1644 gup_flags |= FOLL_FORCE;
1647 gup_flags |= FOLL_UNLOCKABLE;
1650 * We made sure addr is within a VMA, so the following will
1651 * not result in a stack expansion that recurses back here.
1653 ret = __get_user_pages(mm, start, nr_pages, gup_flags,
1654 NULL, locked ? locked : &local_locked);
1660 * faultin_vma_page_range() - populate (prefault) page tables inside the
1661 * given VMA range readable/writable
1663 * This takes care of mlocking the pages, too, if VM_LOCKED is set.
1666 * @start: start address
1668 * @write: whether to prefault readable or writable
1669 * @locked: whether the mmap_lock is still held
1671 * Returns either number of processed pages in the vma, or a negative error
1672 * code on error (see __get_user_pages()).
1674 * vma->vm_mm->mmap_lock must be held. The range must be page-aligned and
1675 * covered by the VMA. If it's released, *@locked will be set to 0.
1677 long faultin_vma_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start,
1678 unsigned long end, bool write, int *locked)
1680 struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
1681 unsigned long nr_pages = (end - start) / PAGE_SIZE;
1685 VM_BUG_ON(!PAGE_ALIGNED(start));
1686 VM_BUG_ON(!PAGE_ALIGNED(end));
1687 VM_BUG_ON_VMA(start < vma->vm_start, vma);
1688 VM_BUG_ON_VMA(end > vma->vm_end, vma);
1689 mmap_assert_locked(mm);
1692 * FOLL_TOUCH: Mark page accessed and thereby young; will also mark
1693 * the page dirty with FOLL_WRITE -- which doesn't make a
1694 * difference with !FOLL_FORCE, because the page is writable
1695 * in the page table.
1696 * FOLL_HWPOISON: Return -EHWPOISON instead of -EFAULT when we hit
1698 * !FOLL_FORCE: Require proper access permissions.
1700 gup_flags = FOLL_TOUCH | FOLL_HWPOISON | FOLL_UNLOCKABLE;
1702 gup_flags |= FOLL_WRITE;
1705 * We want to report -EINVAL instead of -EFAULT for any permission
1706 * problems or incompatible mappings.
1708 if (check_vma_flags(vma, gup_flags))
1711 ret = __get_user_pages(mm, start, nr_pages, gup_flags,
1718 * __mm_populate - populate and/or mlock pages within a range of address space.
1720 * This is used to implement mlock() and the MAP_POPULATE / MAP_LOCKED mmap
1721 * flags. VMAs must be already marked with the desired vm_flags, and
1722 * mmap_lock must not be held.
1724 int __mm_populate(unsigned long start, unsigned long len, int ignore_errors)
1726 struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
1727 unsigned long end, nstart, nend;
1728 struct vm_area_struct *vma = NULL;
1734 for (nstart = start; nstart < end; nstart = nend) {
1736 * We want to fault in pages for [nstart; end) address range.
1737 * Find first corresponding VMA.
1742 vma = find_vma_intersection(mm, nstart, end);
1743 } else if (nstart >= vma->vm_end)
1744 vma = find_vma_intersection(mm, vma->vm_end, end);
1749 * Set [nstart; nend) to intersection of desired address
1750 * range with the first VMA. Also, skip undesirable VMA types.
1752 nend = min(end, vma->vm_end);
1753 if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP))
1755 if (nstart < vma->vm_start)
1756 nstart = vma->vm_start;
1758 * Now fault in a range of pages. populate_vma_page_range()
1759 * double checks the vma flags, so that it won't mlock pages
1760 * if the vma was already munlocked.
1762 ret = populate_vma_page_range(vma, nstart, nend, &locked);
1764 if (ignore_errors) {
1766 continue; /* continue at next VMA */
1770 nend = nstart + ret * PAGE_SIZE;
1774 mmap_read_unlock(mm);
1775 return ret; /* 0 or negative error code */
1777 #else /* CONFIG_MMU */
1778 static long __get_user_pages_locked(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start,
1779 unsigned long nr_pages, struct page **pages,
1780 int *locked, unsigned int foll_flags)
1782 struct vm_area_struct *vma;
1783 bool must_unlock = false;
1784 unsigned long vm_flags;
1791 * The internal caller expects GUP to manage the lock internally and the
1792 * lock must be released when this returns.
1795 if (mmap_read_lock_killable(mm))
1801 /* calculate required read or write permissions.
1802 * If FOLL_FORCE is set, we only require the "MAY" flags.
1804 vm_flags = (foll_flags & FOLL_WRITE) ?
1805 (VM_WRITE | VM_MAYWRITE) : (VM_READ | VM_MAYREAD);
1806 vm_flags &= (foll_flags & FOLL_FORCE) ?
1807 (VM_MAYREAD | VM_MAYWRITE) : (VM_READ | VM_WRITE);
1809 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
1810 vma = find_vma(mm, start);
1814 /* protect what we can, including chardevs */
1815 if ((vma->vm_flags & (VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP)) ||
1816 !(vm_flags & vma->vm_flags))
1820 pages[i] = virt_to_page((void *)start);
1825 start = (start + PAGE_SIZE) & PAGE_MASK;
1828 if (must_unlock && *locked) {
1829 mmap_read_unlock(mm);
1833 return i ? : -EFAULT;
1835 #endif /* !CONFIG_MMU */
1838 * fault_in_writeable - fault in userspace address range for writing
1839 * @uaddr: start of address range
1840 * @size: size of address range
1842 * Returns the number of bytes not faulted in (like copy_to_user() and
1843 * copy_from_user()).
1845 size_t fault_in_writeable(char __user *uaddr, size_t size)
1847 char __user *start = uaddr, *end;
1849 if (unlikely(size == 0))
1851 if (!user_write_access_begin(uaddr, size))
1853 if (!PAGE_ALIGNED(uaddr)) {
1854 unsafe_put_user(0, uaddr, out);
1855 uaddr = (char __user *)PAGE_ALIGN((unsigned long)uaddr);
1857 end = (char __user *)PAGE_ALIGN((unsigned long)start + size);
1858 if (unlikely(end < start))
1860 while (uaddr != end) {
1861 unsafe_put_user(0, uaddr, out);
1866 user_write_access_end();
1867 if (size > uaddr - start)
1868 return size - (uaddr - start);
1871 EXPORT_SYMBOL(fault_in_writeable);
1874 * fault_in_subpage_writeable - fault in an address range for writing
1875 * @uaddr: start of address range
1876 * @size: size of address range
1878 * Fault in a user address range for writing while checking for permissions at
1879 * sub-page granularity (e.g. arm64 MTE). This function should be used when
1880 * the caller cannot guarantee forward progress of a copy_to_user() loop.
1882 * Returns the number of bytes not faulted in (like copy_to_user() and
1883 * copy_from_user()).
1885 size_t fault_in_subpage_writeable(char __user *uaddr, size_t size)
1890 * Attempt faulting in at page granularity first for page table
1891 * permission checking. The arch-specific probe_subpage_writeable()
1892 * functions may not check for this.
1894 faulted_in = size - fault_in_writeable(uaddr, size);
1896 faulted_in -= probe_subpage_writeable(uaddr, faulted_in);
1898 return size - faulted_in;
1900 EXPORT_SYMBOL(fault_in_subpage_writeable);
1903 * fault_in_safe_writeable - fault in an address range for writing
1904 * @uaddr: start of address range
1905 * @size: length of address range
1907 * Faults in an address range for writing. This is primarily useful when we
1908 * already know that some or all of the pages in the address range aren't in
1911 * Unlike fault_in_writeable(), this function is non-destructive.
1913 * Note that we don't pin or otherwise hold the pages referenced that we fault
1914 * in. There's no guarantee that they'll stay in memory for any duration of
1917 * Returns the number of bytes not faulted in, like copy_to_user() and
1920 size_t fault_in_safe_writeable(const char __user *uaddr, size_t size)
1922 unsigned long start = (unsigned long)uaddr, end;
1923 struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
1924 bool unlocked = false;
1926 if (unlikely(size == 0))
1928 end = PAGE_ALIGN(start + size);
1934 if (fixup_user_fault(mm, start, FAULT_FLAG_WRITE, &unlocked))
1936 start = (start + PAGE_SIZE) & PAGE_MASK;
1937 } while (start != end);
1938 mmap_read_unlock(mm);
1940 if (size > (unsigned long)uaddr - start)
1941 return size - ((unsigned long)uaddr - start);
1944 EXPORT_SYMBOL(fault_in_safe_writeable);
1947 * fault_in_readable - fault in userspace address range for reading
1948 * @uaddr: start of user address range
1949 * @size: size of user address range
1951 * Returns the number of bytes not faulted in (like copy_to_user() and
1952 * copy_from_user()).
1954 size_t fault_in_readable(const char __user *uaddr, size_t size)
1956 const char __user *start = uaddr, *end;
1959 if (unlikely(size == 0))
1961 if (!user_read_access_begin(uaddr, size))
1963 if (!PAGE_ALIGNED(uaddr)) {
1964 unsafe_get_user(c, uaddr, out);
1965 uaddr = (const char __user *)PAGE_ALIGN((unsigned long)uaddr);
1967 end = (const char __user *)PAGE_ALIGN((unsigned long)start + size);
1968 if (unlikely(end < start))
1970 while (uaddr != end) {
1971 unsafe_get_user(c, uaddr, out);
1976 user_read_access_end();
1978 if (size > uaddr - start)
1979 return size - (uaddr - start);
1982 EXPORT_SYMBOL(fault_in_readable);
1985 * get_dump_page() - pin user page in memory while writing it to core dump
1986 * @addr: user address
1988 * Returns struct page pointer of user page pinned for dump,
1989 * to be freed afterwards by put_page().
1991 * Returns NULL on any kind of failure - a hole must then be inserted into
1992 * the corefile, to preserve alignment with its headers; and also returns
1993 * NULL wherever the ZERO_PAGE, or an anonymous pte_none, has been found -
1994 * allowing a hole to be left in the corefile to save disk space.
1996 * Called without mmap_lock (takes and releases the mmap_lock by itself).
1998 #ifdef CONFIG_ELF_CORE
1999 struct page *get_dump_page(unsigned long addr)
2005 ret = __get_user_pages_locked(current->mm, addr, 1, &page, &locked,
2006 FOLL_FORCE | FOLL_DUMP | FOLL_GET);
2007 return (ret == 1) ? page : NULL;
2009 #endif /* CONFIG_ELF_CORE */
2011 #ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION
2013 * Returns the number of collected pages. Return value is always >= 0.
2015 static unsigned long collect_longterm_unpinnable_pages(
2016 struct list_head *movable_page_list,
2017 unsigned long nr_pages,
2018 struct page **pages)
2020 unsigned long i, collected = 0;
2021 struct folio *prev_folio = NULL;
2022 bool drain_allow = true;
2024 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
2025 struct folio *folio = page_folio(pages[i]);
2027 if (folio == prev_folio)
2031 if (folio_is_longterm_pinnable(folio))
2036 if (folio_is_device_coherent(folio))
2039 if (folio_test_hugetlb(folio)) {
2040 isolate_hugetlb(folio, movable_page_list);
2044 if (!folio_test_lru(folio) && drain_allow) {
2045 lru_add_drain_all();
2046 drain_allow = false;
2049 if (!folio_isolate_lru(folio))
2052 list_add_tail(&folio->lru, movable_page_list);
2053 node_stat_mod_folio(folio,
2054 NR_ISOLATED_ANON + folio_is_file_lru(folio),
2055 folio_nr_pages(folio));
2062 * Unpins all pages and migrates device coherent pages and movable_page_list.
2063 * Returns -EAGAIN if all pages were successfully migrated or -errno for failure
2064 * (or partial success).
2066 static int migrate_longterm_unpinnable_pages(
2067 struct list_head *movable_page_list,
2068 unsigned long nr_pages,
2069 struct page **pages)
2074 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
2075 struct folio *folio = page_folio(pages[i]);
2077 if (folio_is_device_coherent(folio)) {
2079 * Migration will fail if the page is pinned, so convert
2080 * the pin on the source page to a normal reference.
2084 gup_put_folio(folio, 1, FOLL_PIN);
2086 if (migrate_device_coherent_page(&folio->page)) {
2095 * We can't migrate pages with unexpected references, so drop
2096 * the reference obtained by __get_user_pages_locked().
2097 * Migrating pages have been added to movable_page_list after
2098 * calling folio_isolate_lru() which takes a reference so the
2099 * page won't be freed if it's migrating.
2101 unpin_user_page(pages[i]);
2105 if (!list_empty(movable_page_list)) {
2106 struct migration_target_control mtc = {
2107 .nid = NUMA_NO_NODE,
2108 .gfp_mask = GFP_USER | __GFP_NOWARN,
2111 if (migrate_pages(movable_page_list, alloc_migration_target,
2112 NULL, (unsigned long)&mtc, MIGRATE_SYNC,
2113 MR_LONGTERM_PIN, NULL)) {
2119 putback_movable_pages(movable_page_list);
2124 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++)
2126 unpin_user_page(pages[i]);
2127 putback_movable_pages(movable_page_list);
2133 * Check whether all pages are *allowed* to be pinned. Rather confusingly, all
2134 * pages in the range are required to be pinned via FOLL_PIN, before calling
2137 * If any pages in the range are not allowed to be pinned, then this routine
2138 * will migrate those pages away, unpin all the pages in the range and return
2139 * -EAGAIN. The caller should re-pin the entire range with FOLL_PIN and then
2140 * call this routine again.
2142 * If an error other than -EAGAIN occurs, this indicates a migration failure.
2143 * The caller should give up, and propagate the error back up the call stack.
2145 * If everything is OK and all pages in the range are allowed to be pinned, then
2146 * this routine leaves all pages pinned and returns zero for success.
2148 static long check_and_migrate_movable_pages(unsigned long nr_pages,
2149 struct page **pages)
2151 unsigned long collected;
2152 LIST_HEAD(movable_page_list);
2154 collected = collect_longterm_unpinnable_pages(&movable_page_list,
2159 return migrate_longterm_unpinnable_pages(&movable_page_list, nr_pages,
2163 static long check_and_migrate_movable_pages(unsigned long nr_pages,
2164 struct page **pages)
2168 #endif /* CONFIG_MIGRATION */
2171 * __gup_longterm_locked() is a wrapper for __get_user_pages_locked which
2172 * allows us to process the FOLL_LONGTERM flag.
2174 static long __gup_longterm_locked(struct mm_struct *mm,
2175 unsigned long start,
2176 unsigned long nr_pages,
2177 struct page **pages,
2179 unsigned int gup_flags)
2182 long rc, nr_pinned_pages;
2184 if (!(gup_flags & FOLL_LONGTERM))
2185 return __get_user_pages_locked(mm, start, nr_pages, pages,
2188 flags = memalloc_pin_save();
2190 nr_pinned_pages = __get_user_pages_locked(mm, start, nr_pages,
2193 if (nr_pinned_pages <= 0) {
2194 rc = nr_pinned_pages;
2198 /* FOLL_LONGTERM implies FOLL_PIN */
2199 rc = check_and_migrate_movable_pages(nr_pinned_pages, pages);
2200 } while (rc == -EAGAIN);
2201 memalloc_pin_restore(flags);
2202 return rc ? rc : nr_pinned_pages;
2206 * Check that the given flags are valid for the exported gup/pup interface, and
2207 * update them with the required flags that the caller must have set.
2209 static bool is_valid_gup_args(struct page **pages, int *locked,
2210 unsigned int *gup_flags_p, unsigned int to_set)
2212 unsigned int gup_flags = *gup_flags_p;
2215 * These flags not allowed to be specified externally to the gup
2217 * - FOLL_PIN/FOLL_TRIED/FOLL_FAST_ONLY are internal only
2218 * - FOLL_REMOTE is internal only and used on follow_page()
2219 * - FOLL_UNLOCKABLE is internal only and used if locked is !NULL
2221 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(gup_flags & (FOLL_PIN | FOLL_TRIED | FOLL_UNLOCKABLE |
2222 FOLL_REMOTE | FOLL_FAST_ONLY)))
2225 gup_flags |= to_set;
2227 /* At the external interface locked must be set */
2228 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(*locked != 1))
2231 gup_flags |= FOLL_UNLOCKABLE;
2235 * For now, always trigger NUMA hinting faults. Some GUP users like
2236 * KVM require the hint to be as the calling context of GUP is
2237 * functionally similar to a memory reference from task context.
2239 gup_flags |= FOLL_HONOR_NUMA_FAULT;
2241 /* FOLL_GET and FOLL_PIN are mutually exclusive. */
2242 if (WARN_ON_ONCE((gup_flags & (FOLL_PIN | FOLL_GET)) ==
2243 (FOLL_PIN | FOLL_GET)))
2246 /* LONGTERM can only be specified when pinning */
2247 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!(gup_flags & FOLL_PIN) && (gup_flags & FOLL_LONGTERM)))
2250 /* Pages input must be given if using GET/PIN */
2251 if (WARN_ON_ONCE((gup_flags & (FOLL_GET | FOLL_PIN)) && !pages))
2254 /* We want to allow the pgmap to be hot-unplugged at all times */
2255 if (WARN_ON_ONCE((gup_flags & FOLL_LONGTERM) &&
2256 (gup_flags & FOLL_PCI_P2PDMA)))
2259 *gup_flags_p = gup_flags;
2265 * get_user_pages_remote() - pin user pages in memory
2266 * @mm: mm_struct of target mm
2267 * @start: starting user address
2268 * @nr_pages: number of pages from start to pin
2269 * @gup_flags: flags modifying lookup behaviour
2270 * @pages: array that receives pointers to the pages pinned.
2271 * Should be at least nr_pages long. Or NULL, if caller
2272 * only intends to ensure the pages are faulted in.
2273 * @locked: pointer to lock flag indicating whether lock is held and
2274 * subsequently whether VM_FAULT_RETRY functionality can be
2275 * utilised. Lock must initially be held.
2277 * Returns either number of pages pinned (which may be less than the
2278 * number requested), or an error. Details about the return value:
2280 * -- If nr_pages is 0, returns 0.
2281 * -- If nr_pages is >0, but no pages were pinned, returns -errno.
2282 * -- If nr_pages is >0, and some pages were pinned, returns the number of
2283 * pages pinned. Again, this may be less than nr_pages.
2285 * The caller is responsible for releasing returned @pages, via put_page().
2287 * Must be called with mmap_lock held for read or write.
2289 * get_user_pages_remote walks a process's page tables and takes a reference
2290 * to each struct page that each user address corresponds to at a given
2291 * instant. That is, it takes the page that would be accessed if a user
2292 * thread accesses the given user virtual address at that instant.
2294 * This does not guarantee that the page exists in the user mappings when
2295 * get_user_pages_remote returns, and there may even be a completely different
2296 * page there in some cases (eg. if mmapped pagecache has been invalidated
2297 * and subsequently re-faulted). However it does guarantee that the page
2298 * won't be freed completely. And mostly callers simply care that the page
2299 * contains data that was valid *at some point in time*. Typically, an IO
2300 * or similar operation cannot guarantee anything stronger anyway because
2301 * locks can't be held over the syscall boundary.
2303 * If gup_flags & FOLL_WRITE == 0, the page must not be written to. If the page
2304 * is written to, set_page_dirty (or set_page_dirty_lock, as appropriate) must
2305 * be called after the page is finished with, and before put_page is called.
2307 * get_user_pages_remote is typically used for fewer-copy IO operations,
2308 * to get a handle on the memory by some means other than accesses
2309 * via the user virtual addresses. The pages may be submitted for
2310 * DMA to devices or accessed via their kernel linear mapping (via the
2311 * kmap APIs). Care should be taken to use the correct cache flushing APIs.
2313 * See also get_user_pages_fast, for performance critical applications.
2315 * get_user_pages_remote should be phased out in favor of
2316 * get_user_pages_locked|unlocked or get_user_pages_fast. Nothing
2317 * should use get_user_pages_remote because it cannot pass
2318 * FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY to handle_mm_fault.
2320 long get_user_pages_remote(struct mm_struct *mm,
2321 unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
2322 unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages,
2325 int local_locked = 1;
2327 if (!is_valid_gup_args(pages, locked, &gup_flags,
2328 FOLL_TOUCH | FOLL_REMOTE))
2331 return __get_user_pages_locked(mm, start, nr_pages, pages,
2332 locked ? locked : &local_locked,
2335 EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_user_pages_remote);
2337 #else /* CONFIG_MMU */
2338 long get_user_pages_remote(struct mm_struct *mm,
2339 unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
2340 unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages,
2345 #endif /* !CONFIG_MMU */
2348 * get_user_pages() - pin user pages in memory
2349 * @start: starting user address
2350 * @nr_pages: number of pages from start to pin
2351 * @gup_flags: flags modifying lookup behaviour
2352 * @pages: array that receives pointers to the pages pinned.
2353 * Should be at least nr_pages long. Or NULL, if caller
2354 * only intends to ensure the pages are faulted in.
2356 * This is the same as get_user_pages_remote(), just with a less-flexible
2357 * calling convention where we assume that the mm being operated on belongs to
2358 * the current task, and doesn't allow passing of a locked parameter. We also
2359 * obviously don't pass FOLL_REMOTE in here.
2361 long get_user_pages(unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
2362 unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages)
2366 if (!is_valid_gup_args(pages, NULL, &gup_flags, FOLL_TOUCH))
2369 return __get_user_pages_locked(current->mm, start, nr_pages, pages,
2370 &locked, gup_flags);
2372 EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_user_pages);
2375 * get_user_pages_unlocked() is suitable to replace the form:
2377 * mmap_read_lock(mm);
2378 * get_user_pages(mm, ..., pages, NULL);
2379 * mmap_read_unlock(mm);
2383 * get_user_pages_unlocked(mm, ..., pages);
2385 * It is functionally equivalent to get_user_pages_fast so
2386 * get_user_pages_fast should be used instead if specific gup_flags
2387 * (e.g. FOLL_FORCE) are not required.
2389 long get_user_pages_unlocked(unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
2390 struct page **pages, unsigned int gup_flags)
2394 if (!is_valid_gup_args(pages, NULL, &gup_flags,
2395 FOLL_TOUCH | FOLL_UNLOCKABLE))
2398 return __get_user_pages_locked(current->mm, start, nr_pages, pages,
2399 &locked, gup_flags);
2401 EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_user_pages_unlocked);
2406 * get_user_pages_fast attempts to pin user pages by walking the page
2407 * tables directly and avoids taking locks. Thus the walker needs to be
2408 * protected from page table pages being freed from under it, and should
2409 * block any THP splits.
2411 * One way to achieve this is to have the walker disable interrupts, and
2412 * rely on IPIs from the TLB flushing code blocking before the page table
2413 * pages are freed. This is unsuitable for architectures that do not need
2414 * to broadcast an IPI when invalidating TLBs.
2416 * Another way to achieve this is to batch up page table containing pages
2417 * belonging to more than one mm_user, then rcu_sched a callback to free those
2418 * pages. Disabling interrupts will allow the fast_gup walker to both block
2419 * the rcu_sched callback, and an IPI that we broadcast for splitting THPs
2420 * (which is a relatively rare event). The code below adopts this strategy.
2422 * Before activating this code, please be aware that the following assumptions
2423 * are currently made:
2425 * *) Either MMU_GATHER_RCU_TABLE_FREE is enabled, and tlb_remove_table() is used to
2426 * free pages containing page tables or TLB flushing requires IPI broadcast.
2428 * *) ptes can be read atomically by the architecture.
2430 * *) access_ok is sufficient to validate userspace address ranges.
2432 * The last two assumptions can be relaxed by the addition of helper functions.
2434 * This code is based heavily on the PowerPC implementation by Nick Piggin.
2436 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_FAST_GUP
2439 * Used in the GUP-fast path to determine whether a pin is permitted for a
2442 * This call assumes the caller has pinned the folio, that the lowest page table
2443 * level still points to this folio, and that interrupts have been disabled.
2445 * Writing to pinned file-backed dirty tracked folios is inherently problematic
2446 * (see comment describing the writable_file_mapping_allowed() function). We
2447 * therefore try to avoid the most egregious case of a long-term mapping doing
2450 * This function cannot be as thorough as that one as the VMA is not available
2451 * in the fast path, so instead we whitelist known good cases and if in doubt,
2452 * fall back to the slow path.
2454 static bool folio_fast_pin_allowed(struct folio *folio, unsigned int flags)
2456 struct address_space *mapping;
2457 unsigned long mapping_flags;
2460 * If we aren't pinning then no problematic write can occur. A long term
2461 * pin is the most egregious case so this is the one we disallow.
2463 if ((flags & (FOLL_PIN | FOLL_LONGTERM | FOLL_WRITE)) !=
2464 (FOLL_PIN | FOLL_LONGTERM | FOLL_WRITE))
2467 /* The folio is pinned, so we can safely access folio fields. */
2469 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_test_slab(folio)))
2472 /* hugetlb mappings do not require dirty-tracking. */
2473 if (folio_test_hugetlb(folio))
2477 * GUP-fast disables IRQs. When IRQS are disabled, RCU grace periods
2478 * cannot proceed, which means no actions performed under RCU can
2481 * inodes and thus their mappings are freed under RCU, which means the
2482 * mapping cannot be freed beneath us and thus we can safely dereference
2485 lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
2488 * However, there may be operations which _alter_ the mapping, so ensure
2489 * we read it once and only once.
2491 mapping = READ_ONCE(folio->mapping);
2494 * The mapping may have been truncated, in any case we cannot determine
2495 * if this mapping is safe - fall back to slow path to determine how to
2501 /* Anonymous folios pose no problem. */
2502 mapping_flags = (unsigned long)mapping & PAGE_MAPPING_FLAGS;
2504 return mapping_flags & PAGE_MAPPING_ANON;
2507 * At this point, we know the mapping is non-null and points to an
2508 * address_space object. The only remaining whitelisted file system is
2511 return shmem_mapping(mapping);
2514 static void __maybe_unused undo_dev_pagemap(int *nr, int nr_start,
2516 struct page **pages)
2518 while ((*nr) - nr_start) {
2519 struct page *page = pages[--(*nr)];
2521 ClearPageReferenced(page);
2522 if (flags & FOLL_PIN)
2523 unpin_user_page(page);
2529 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL
2531 * Fast-gup relies on pte change detection to avoid concurrent pgtable
2534 * To pin the page, fast-gup needs to do below in order:
2535 * (1) pin the page (by prefetching pte), then (2) check pte not changed.
2537 * For the rest of pgtable operations where pgtable updates can be racy
2538 * with fast-gup, we need to do (1) clear pte, then (2) check whether page
2541 * Above will work for all pte-level operations, including THP split.
2543 * For THP collapse, it's a bit more complicated because fast-gup may be
2544 * walking a pgtable page that is being freed (pte is still valid but pmd
2545 * can be cleared already). To avoid race in such condition, we need to
2546 * also check pmd here to make sure pmd doesn't change (corresponds to
2547 * pmdp_collapse_flush() in the THP collapse code path).
2549 static int gup_pte_range(pmd_t pmd, pmd_t *pmdp, unsigned long addr,
2550 unsigned long end, unsigned int flags,
2551 struct page **pages, int *nr)
2553 struct dev_pagemap *pgmap = NULL;
2554 int nr_start = *nr, ret = 0;
2557 ptem = ptep = pte_offset_map(&pmd, addr);
2561 pte_t pte = ptep_get_lockless(ptep);
2563 struct folio *folio;
2566 * Always fallback to ordinary GUP on PROT_NONE-mapped pages:
2567 * pte_access_permitted() better should reject these pages
2568 * either way: otherwise, GUP-fast might succeed in
2569 * cases where ordinary GUP would fail due to VMA access
2572 if (pte_protnone(pte))
2575 if (!pte_access_permitted(pte, flags & FOLL_WRITE))
2578 if (pte_devmap(pte)) {
2579 if (unlikely(flags & FOLL_LONGTERM))
2582 pgmap = get_dev_pagemap(pte_pfn(pte), pgmap);
2583 if (unlikely(!pgmap)) {
2584 undo_dev_pagemap(nr, nr_start, flags, pages);
2587 } else if (pte_special(pte))
2590 VM_BUG_ON(!pfn_valid(pte_pfn(pte)));
2591 page = pte_page(pte);
2593 folio = try_grab_folio(page, 1, flags);
2597 if (unlikely(page_is_secretmem(page))) {
2598 gup_put_folio(folio, 1, flags);
2602 if (unlikely(pmd_val(pmd) != pmd_val(*pmdp)) ||
2603 unlikely(pte_val(pte) != pte_val(ptep_get(ptep)))) {
2604 gup_put_folio(folio, 1, flags);
2608 if (!folio_fast_pin_allowed(folio, flags)) {
2609 gup_put_folio(folio, 1, flags);
2613 if (!pte_write(pte) && gup_must_unshare(NULL, flags, page)) {
2614 gup_put_folio(folio, 1, flags);
2619 * We need to make the page accessible if and only if we are
2620 * going to access its content (the FOLL_PIN case). Please
2621 * see Documentation/core-api/pin_user_pages.rst for
2624 if (flags & FOLL_PIN) {
2625 ret = arch_make_page_accessible(page);
2627 gup_put_folio(folio, 1, flags);
2631 folio_set_referenced(folio);
2634 } while (ptep++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
2640 put_dev_pagemap(pgmap);
2647 * If we can't determine whether or not a pte is special, then fail immediately
2648 * for ptes. Note, we can still pin HugeTLB and THP as these are guaranteed not
2651 * For a futex to be placed on a THP tail page, get_futex_key requires a
2652 * get_user_pages_fast_only implementation that can pin pages. Thus it's still
2653 * useful to have gup_huge_pmd even if we can't operate on ptes.
2655 static int gup_pte_range(pmd_t pmd, pmd_t *pmdp, unsigned long addr,
2656 unsigned long end, unsigned int flags,
2657 struct page **pages, int *nr)
2661 #endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL */
2663 #if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_DEVMAP) && defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE)
2664 static int __gup_device_huge(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long addr,
2665 unsigned long end, unsigned int flags,
2666 struct page **pages, int *nr)
2669 struct dev_pagemap *pgmap = NULL;
2672 struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
2674 pgmap = get_dev_pagemap(pfn, pgmap);
2675 if (unlikely(!pgmap)) {
2676 undo_dev_pagemap(nr, nr_start, flags, pages);
2680 if (!(flags & FOLL_PCI_P2PDMA) && is_pci_p2pdma_page(page)) {
2681 undo_dev_pagemap(nr, nr_start, flags, pages);
2685 SetPageReferenced(page);
2687 if (unlikely(try_grab_page(page, flags))) {
2688 undo_dev_pagemap(nr, nr_start, flags, pages);
2693 } while (addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
2695 put_dev_pagemap(pgmap);
2699 static int __gup_device_huge_pmd(pmd_t orig, pmd_t *pmdp, unsigned long addr,
2700 unsigned long end, unsigned int flags,
2701 struct page **pages, int *nr)
2703 unsigned long fault_pfn;
2706 fault_pfn = pmd_pfn(orig) + ((addr & ~PMD_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
2707 if (!__gup_device_huge(fault_pfn, addr, end, flags, pages, nr))
2710 if (unlikely(pmd_val(orig) != pmd_val(*pmdp))) {
2711 undo_dev_pagemap(nr, nr_start, flags, pages);
2717 static int __gup_device_huge_pud(pud_t orig, pud_t *pudp, unsigned long addr,
2718 unsigned long end, unsigned int flags,
2719 struct page **pages, int *nr)
2721 unsigned long fault_pfn;
2724 fault_pfn = pud_pfn(orig) + ((addr & ~PUD_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
2725 if (!__gup_device_huge(fault_pfn, addr, end, flags, pages, nr))
2728 if (unlikely(pud_val(orig) != pud_val(*pudp))) {
2729 undo_dev_pagemap(nr, nr_start, flags, pages);
2735 static int __gup_device_huge_pmd(pmd_t orig, pmd_t *pmdp, unsigned long addr,
2736 unsigned long end, unsigned int flags,
2737 struct page **pages, int *nr)
2743 static int __gup_device_huge_pud(pud_t pud, pud_t *pudp, unsigned long addr,
2744 unsigned long end, unsigned int flags,
2745 struct page **pages, int *nr)
2752 static int record_subpages(struct page *page, unsigned long addr,
2753 unsigned long end, struct page **pages)
2757 for (nr = 0; addr != end; nr++, addr += PAGE_SIZE)
2758 pages[nr] = nth_page(page, nr);
2763 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_HUGEPD
2764 static unsigned long hugepte_addr_end(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
2767 unsigned long __boundary = (addr + sz) & ~(sz-1);
2768 return (__boundary - 1 < end - 1) ? __boundary : end;
2771 static int gup_hugepte(pte_t *ptep, unsigned long sz, unsigned long addr,
2772 unsigned long end, unsigned int flags,
2773 struct page **pages, int *nr)
2775 unsigned long pte_end;
2777 struct folio *folio;
2781 pte_end = (addr + sz) & ~(sz-1);
2785 pte = huge_ptep_get(ptep);
2787 if (!pte_access_permitted(pte, flags & FOLL_WRITE))
2790 /* hugepages are never "special" */
2791 VM_BUG_ON(!pfn_valid(pte_pfn(pte)));
2793 page = nth_page(pte_page(pte), (addr & (sz - 1)) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
2794 refs = record_subpages(page, addr, end, pages + *nr);
2796 folio = try_grab_folio(page, refs, flags);
2800 if (unlikely(pte_val(pte) != pte_val(ptep_get(ptep)))) {
2801 gup_put_folio(folio, refs, flags);
2805 if (!folio_fast_pin_allowed(folio, flags)) {
2806 gup_put_folio(folio, refs, flags);
2810 if (!pte_write(pte) && gup_must_unshare(NULL, flags, &folio->page)) {
2811 gup_put_folio(folio, refs, flags);
2816 folio_set_referenced(folio);
2820 static int gup_huge_pd(hugepd_t hugepd, unsigned long addr,
2821 unsigned int pdshift, unsigned long end, unsigned int flags,
2822 struct page **pages, int *nr)
2825 unsigned long sz = 1UL << hugepd_shift(hugepd);
2828 ptep = hugepte_offset(hugepd, addr, pdshift);
2830 next = hugepte_addr_end(addr, end, sz);
2831 if (!gup_hugepte(ptep, sz, addr, end, flags, pages, nr))
2833 } while (ptep++, addr = next, addr != end);
2838 static inline int gup_huge_pd(hugepd_t hugepd, unsigned long addr,
2839 unsigned int pdshift, unsigned long end, unsigned int flags,
2840 struct page **pages, int *nr)
2844 #endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_HUGEPD */
2846 static int gup_huge_pmd(pmd_t orig, pmd_t *pmdp, unsigned long addr,
2847 unsigned long end, unsigned int flags,
2848 struct page **pages, int *nr)
2851 struct folio *folio;
2854 if (!pmd_access_permitted(orig, flags & FOLL_WRITE))
2857 if (pmd_devmap(orig)) {
2858 if (unlikely(flags & FOLL_LONGTERM))
2860 return __gup_device_huge_pmd(orig, pmdp, addr, end, flags,
2864 page = nth_page(pmd_page(orig), (addr & ~PMD_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
2865 refs = record_subpages(page, addr, end, pages + *nr);
2867 folio = try_grab_folio(page, refs, flags);
2871 if (unlikely(pmd_val(orig) != pmd_val(*pmdp))) {
2872 gup_put_folio(folio, refs, flags);
2876 if (!folio_fast_pin_allowed(folio, flags)) {
2877 gup_put_folio(folio, refs, flags);
2880 if (!pmd_write(orig) && gup_must_unshare(NULL, flags, &folio->page)) {
2881 gup_put_folio(folio, refs, flags);
2886 folio_set_referenced(folio);
2890 static int gup_huge_pud(pud_t orig, pud_t *pudp, unsigned long addr,
2891 unsigned long end, unsigned int flags,
2892 struct page **pages, int *nr)
2895 struct folio *folio;
2898 if (!pud_access_permitted(orig, flags & FOLL_WRITE))
2901 if (pud_devmap(orig)) {
2902 if (unlikely(flags & FOLL_LONGTERM))
2904 return __gup_device_huge_pud(orig, pudp, addr, end, flags,
2908 page = nth_page(pud_page(orig), (addr & ~PUD_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
2909 refs = record_subpages(page, addr, end, pages + *nr);
2911 folio = try_grab_folio(page, refs, flags);
2915 if (unlikely(pud_val(orig) != pud_val(*pudp))) {
2916 gup_put_folio(folio, refs, flags);
2920 if (!folio_fast_pin_allowed(folio, flags)) {
2921 gup_put_folio(folio, refs, flags);
2925 if (!pud_write(orig) && gup_must_unshare(NULL, flags, &folio->page)) {
2926 gup_put_folio(folio, refs, flags);
2931 folio_set_referenced(folio);
2935 static int gup_huge_pgd(pgd_t orig, pgd_t *pgdp, unsigned long addr,
2936 unsigned long end, unsigned int flags,
2937 struct page **pages, int *nr)
2941 struct folio *folio;
2943 if (!pgd_access_permitted(orig, flags & FOLL_WRITE))
2946 BUILD_BUG_ON(pgd_devmap(orig));
2948 page = nth_page(pgd_page(orig), (addr & ~PGDIR_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
2949 refs = record_subpages(page, addr, end, pages + *nr);
2951 folio = try_grab_folio(page, refs, flags);
2955 if (unlikely(pgd_val(orig) != pgd_val(*pgdp))) {
2956 gup_put_folio(folio, refs, flags);
2960 if (!pgd_write(orig) && gup_must_unshare(NULL, flags, &folio->page)) {
2961 gup_put_folio(folio, refs, flags);
2965 if (!folio_fast_pin_allowed(folio, flags)) {
2966 gup_put_folio(folio, refs, flags);
2971 folio_set_referenced(folio);
2975 static int gup_pmd_range(pud_t *pudp, pud_t pud, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
2976 unsigned int flags, struct page **pages, int *nr)
2981 pmdp = pmd_offset_lockless(pudp, pud, addr);
2983 pmd_t pmd = pmdp_get_lockless(pmdp);
2985 next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
2986 if (!pmd_present(pmd))
2989 if (unlikely(pmd_trans_huge(pmd) || pmd_huge(pmd) ||
2991 /* See gup_pte_range() */
2992 if (pmd_protnone(pmd))
2995 if (!gup_huge_pmd(pmd, pmdp, addr, next, flags,
2999 } else if (unlikely(is_hugepd(__hugepd(pmd_val(pmd))))) {
3001 * architecture have different format for hugetlbfs
3002 * pmd format and THP pmd format
3004 if (!gup_huge_pd(__hugepd(pmd_val(pmd)), addr,
3005 PMD_SHIFT, next, flags, pages, nr))
3007 } else if (!gup_pte_range(pmd, pmdp, addr, next, flags, pages, nr))
3009 } while (pmdp++, addr = next, addr != end);
3014 static int gup_pud_range(p4d_t *p4dp, p4d_t p4d, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
3015 unsigned int flags, struct page **pages, int *nr)
3020 pudp = pud_offset_lockless(p4dp, p4d, addr);
3022 pud_t pud = READ_ONCE(*pudp);
3024 next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
3025 if (unlikely(!pud_present(pud)))
3027 if (unlikely(pud_huge(pud) || pud_devmap(pud))) {
3028 if (!gup_huge_pud(pud, pudp, addr, next, flags,
3031 } else if (unlikely(is_hugepd(__hugepd(pud_val(pud))))) {
3032 if (!gup_huge_pd(__hugepd(pud_val(pud)), addr,
3033 PUD_SHIFT, next, flags, pages, nr))
3035 } else if (!gup_pmd_range(pudp, pud, addr, next, flags, pages, nr))
3037 } while (pudp++, addr = next, addr != end);
3042 static int gup_p4d_range(pgd_t *pgdp, pgd_t pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
3043 unsigned int flags, struct page **pages, int *nr)
3048 p4dp = p4d_offset_lockless(pgdp, pgd, addr);
3050 p4d_t p4d = READ_ONCE(*p4dp);
3052 next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
3055 BUILD_BUG_ON(p4d_huge(p4d));
3056 if (unlikely(is_hugepd(__hugepd(p4d_val(p4d))))) {
3057 if (!gup_huge_pd(__hugepd(p4d_val(p4d)), addr,
3058 P4D_SHIFT, next, flags, pages, nr))
3060 } else if (!gup_pud_range(p4dp, p4d, addr, next, flags, pages, nr))
3062 } while (p4dp++, addr = next, addr != end);
3067 static void gup_pgd_range(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
3068 unsigned int flags, struct page **pages, int *nr)
3073 pgdp = pgd_offset(current->mm, addr);
3075 pgd_t pgd = READ_ONCE(*pgdp);
3077 next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
3080 if (unlikely(pgd_huge(pgd))) {
3081 if (!gup_huge_pgd(pgd, pgdp, addr, next, flags,
3084 } else if (unlikely(is_hugepd(__hugepd(pgd_val(pgd))))) {
3085 if (!gup_huge_pd(__hugepd(pgd_val(pgd)), addr,
3086 PGDIR_SHIFT, next, flags, pages, nr))
3088 } else if (!gup_p4d_range(pgdp, pgd, addr, next, flags, pages, nr))
3090 } while (pgdp++, addr = next, addr != end);
3093 static inline void gup_pgd_range(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
3094 unsigned int flags, struct page **pages, int *nr)
3097 #endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_FAST_GUP */
3099 #ifndef gup_fast_permitted
3101 * Check if it's allowed to use get_user_pages_fast_only() for the range, or
3102 * we need to fall back to the slow version:
3104 static bool gup_fast_permitted(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
3110 static unsigned long lockless_pages_from_mm(unsigned long start,
3112 unsigned int gup_flags,
3113 struct page **pages)
3115 unsigned long flags;
3119 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HAVE_FAST_GUP) ||
3120 !gup_fast_permitted(start, end))
3123 if (gup_flags & FOLL_PIN) {
3124 seq = raw_read_seqcount(¤t->mm->write_protect_seq);
3130 * Disable interrupts. The nested form is used, in order to allow full,
3131 * general purpose use of this routine.
3133 * With interrupts disabled, we block page table pages from being freed
3134 * from under us. See struct mmu_table_batch comments in
3135 * include/asm-generic/tlb.h for more details.
3137 * We do not adopt an rcu_read_lock() here as we also want to block IPIs
3138 * that come from THPs splitting.
3140 local_irq_save(flags);
3141 gup_pgd_range(start, end, gup_flags, pages, &nr_pinned);
3142 local_irq_restore(flags);
3145 * When pinning pages for DMA there could be a concurrent write protect
3146 * from fork() via copy_page_range(), in this case always fail fast GUP.
3148 if (gup_flags & FOLL_PIN) {
3149 if (read_seqcount_retry(¤t->mm->write_protect_seq, seq)) {
3150 unpin_user_pages_lockless(pages, nr_pinned);
3153 sanity_check_pinned_pages(pages, nr_pinned);
3159 static int internal_get_user_pages_fast(unsigned long start,
3160 unsigned long nr_pages,
3161 unsigned int gup_flags,
3162 struct page **pages)
3164 unsigned long len, end;
3165 unsigned long nr_pinned;
3169 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(gup_flags & ~(FOLL_WRITE | FOLL_LONGTERM |
3170 FOLL_FORCE | FOLL_PIN | FOLL_GET |
3171 FOLL_FAST_ONLY | FOLL_NOFAULT |
3172 FOLL_PCI_P2PDMA | FOLL_HONOR_NUMA_FAULT)))
3175 if (gup_flags & FOLL_PIN)
3176 mm_set_has_pinned_flag(¤t->mm->flags);
3178 if (!(gup_flags & FOLL_FAST_ONLY))
3179 might_lock_read(¤t->mm->mmap_lock);
3181 start = untagged_addr(start) & PAGE_MASK;
3182 len = nr_pages << PAGE_SHIFT;
3183 if (check_add_overflow(start, len, &end))
3185 if (end > TASK_SIZE_MAX)
3187 if (unlikely(!access_ok((void __user *)start, len)))
3190 nr_pinned = lockless_pages_from_mm(start, end, gup_flags, pages);
3191 if (nr_pinned == nr_pages || gup_flags & FOLL_FAST_ONLY)
3194 /* Slow path: try to get the remaining pages with get_user_pages */
3195 start += nr_pinned << PAGE_SHIFT;
3197 ret = __gup_longterm_locked(current->mm, start, nr_pages - nr_pinned,
3199 gup_flags | FOLL_TOUCH | FOLL_UNLOCKABLE);
3202 * The caller has to unpin the pages we already pinned so
3203 * returning -errno is not an option
3209 return ret + nr_pinned;
3213 * get_user_pages_fast_only() - pin user pages in memory
3214 * @start: starting user address
3215 * @nr_pages: number of pages from start to pin
3216 * @gup_flags: flags modifying pin behaviour
3217 * @pages: array that receives pointers to the pages pinned.
3218 * Should be at least nr_pages long.
3220 * Like get_user_pages_fast() except it's IRQ-safe in that it won't fall back to
3223 * If the architecture does not support this function, simply return with no
3226 * Careful, careful! COW breaking can go either way, so a non-write
3227 * access can get ambiguous page results. If you call this function without
3228 * 'write' set, you'd better be sure that you're ok with that ambiguity.
3230 int get_user_pages_fast_only(unsigned long start, int nr_pages,
3231 unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages)
3234 * Internally (within mm/gup.c), gup fast variants must set FOLL_GET,
3235 * because gup fast is always a "pin with a +1 page refcount" request.
3237 * FOLL_FAST_ONLY is required in order to match the API description of
3238 * this routine: no fall back to regular ("slow") GUP.
3240 if (!is_valid_gup_args(pages, NULL, &gup_flags,
3241 FOLL_GET | FOLL_FAST_ONLY))
3244 return internal_get_user_pages_fast(start, nr_pages, gup_flags, pages);
3246 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_user_pages_fast_only);
3249 * get_user_pages_fast() - pin user pages in memory
3250 * @start: starting user address
3251 * @nr_pages: number of pages from start to pin
3252 * @gup_flags: flags modifying pin behaviour
3253 * @pages: array that receives pointers to the pages pinned.
3254 * Should be at least nr_pages long.
3256 * Attempt to pin user pages in memory without taking mm->mmap_lock.
3257 * If not successful, it will fall back to taking the lock and
3258 * calling get_user_pages().
3260 * Returns number of pages pinned. This may be fewer than the number requested.
3261 * If nr_pages is 0 or negative, returns 0. If no pages were pinned, returns
3264 int get_user_pages_fast(unsigned long start, int nr_pages,
3265 unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages)
3268 * The caller may or may not have explicitly set FOLL_GET; either way is
3269 * OK. However, internally (within mm/gup.c), gup fast variants must set
3270 * FOLL_GET, because gup fast is always a "pin with a +1 page refcount"
3273 if (!is_valid_gup_args(pages, NULL, &gup_flags, FOLL_GET))
3275 return internal_get_user_pages_fast(start, nr_pages, gup_flags, pages);
3277 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_user_pages_fast);
3280 * pin_user_pages_fast() - pin user pages in memory without taking locks
3282 * @start: starting user address
3283 * @nr_pages: number of pages from start to pin
3284 * @gup_flags: flags modifying pin behaviour
3285 * @pages: array that receives pointers to the pages pinned.
3286 * Should be at least nr_pages long.
3288 * Nearly the same as get_user_pages_fast(), except that FOLL_PIN is set. See
3289 * get_user_pages_fast() for documentation on the function arguments, because
3290 * the arguments here are identical.
3292 * FOLL_PIN means that the pages must be released via unpin_user_page(). Please
3293 * see Documentation/core-api/pin_user_pages.rst for further details.
3295 * Note that if a zero_page is amongst the returned pages, it will not have
3296 * pins in it and unpin_user_page() will not remove pins from it.
3298 int pin_user_pages_fast(unsigned long start, int nr_pages,
3299 unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages)
3301 if (!is_valid_gup_args(pages, NULL, &gup_flags, FOLL_PIN))
3303 return internal_get_user_pages_fast(start, nr_pages, gup_flags, pages);
3305 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pin_user_pages_fast);
3308 * pin_user_pages_remote() - pin pages of a remote process
3310 * @mm: mm_struct of target mm
3311 * @start: starting user address
3312 * @nr_pages: number of pages from start to pin
3313 * @gup_flags: flags modifying lookup behaviour
3314 * @pages: array that receives pointers to the pages pinned.
3315 * Should be at least nr_pages long.
3316 * @locked: pointer to lock flag indicating whether lock is held and
3317 * subsequently whether VM_FAULT_RETRY functionality can be
3318 * utilised. Lock must initially be held.
3320 * Nearly the same as get_user_pages_remote(), except that FOLL_PIN is set. See
3321 * get_user_pages_remote() for documentation on the function arguments, because
3322 * the arguments here are identical.
3324 * FOLL_PIN means that the pages must be released via unpin_user_page(). Please
3325 * see Documentation/core-api/pin_user_pages.rst for details.
3327 * Note that if a zero_page is amongst the returned pages, it will not have
3328 * pins in it and unpin_user_page*() will not remove pins from it.
3330 long pin_user_pages_remote(struct mm_struct *mm,
3331 unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
3332 unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages,
3335 int local_locked = 1;
3337 if (!is_valid_gup_args(pages, locked, &gup_flags,
3338 FOLL_PIN | FOLL_TOUCH | FOLL_REMOTE))
3340 return __gup_longterm_locked(mm, start, nr_pages, pages,
3341 locked ? locked : &local_locked,
3344 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pin_user_pages_remote);
3347 * pin_user_pages() - pin user pages in memory for use by other devices
3349 * @start: starting user address
3350 * @nr_pages: number of pages from start to pin
3351 * @gup_flags: flags modifying lookup behaviour
3352 * @pages: array that receives pointers to the pages pinned.
3353 * Should be at least nr_pages long.
3355 * Nearly the same as get_user_pages(), except that FOLL_TOUCH is not set, and
3358 * FOLL_PIN means that the pages must be released via unpin_user_page(). Please
3359 * see Documentation/core-api/pin_user_pages.rst for details.
3361 * Note that if a zero_page is amongst the returned pages, it will not have
3362 * pins in it and unpin_user_page*() will not remove pins from it.
3364 long pin_user_pages(unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
3365 unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages)
3369 if (!is_valid_gup_args(pages, NULL, &gup_flags, FOLL_PIN))
3371 return __gup_longterm_locked(current->mm, start, nr_pages,
3372 pages, &locked, gup_flags);
3374 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pin_user_pages);
3377 * pin_user_pages_unlocked() is the FOLL_PIN variant of
3378 * get_user_pages_unlocked(). Behavior is the same, except that this one sets
3379 * FOLL_PIN and rejects FOLL_GET.
3381 * Note that if a zero_page is amongst the returned pages, it will not have
3382 * pins in it and unpin_user_page*() will not remove pins from it.
3384 long pin_user_pages_unlocked(unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
3385 struct page **pages, unsigned int gup_flags)
3389 if (!is_valid_gup_args(pages, NULL, &gup_flags,
3390 FOLL_PIN | FOLL_TOUCH | FOLL_UNLOCKABLE))
3393 return __gup_longterm_locked(current->mm, start, nr_pages, pages,
3394 &locked, gup_flags);
3396 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pin_user_pages_unlocked);