1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 * DAMON Primitives for Virtual Address Spaces
5 * Author: SeongJae Park <sjpark@amazon.de>
8 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "damon-va: " fmt
10 #include <asm-generic/mman-common.h>
11 #include <linux/highmem.h>
12 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
13 #include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
14 #include <linux/page_idle.h>
15 #include <linux/pagewalk.h>
16 #include <linux/sched/mm.h>
18 #include "ops-common.h"
20 #ifdef CONFIG_DAMON_VADDR_KUNIT_TEST
21 #undef DAMON_MIN_REGION
22 #define DAMON_MIN_REGION 1
26 * 't->pid' should be the pointer to the relevant 'struct pid' having reference
27 * count. Caller must put the returned task, unless it is NULL.
29 static inline struct task_struct *damon_get_task_struct(struct damon_target *t)
31 return get_pid_task(t->pid, PIDTYPE_PID);
35 * Get the mm_struct of the given target
37 * Caller _must_ put the mm_struct after use, unless it is NULL.
39 * Returns the mm_struct of the target on success, NULL on failure
41 static struct mm_struct *damon_get_mm(struct damon_target *t)
43 struct task_struct *task;
46 task = damon_get_task_struct(t);
50 mm = get_task_mm(task);
51 put_task_struct(task);
56 * Functions for the initial monitoring target regions construction
60 * Size-evenly split a region into 'nr_pieces' small regions
62 * Returns 0 on success, or negative error code otherwise.
64 static int damon_va_evenly_split_region(struct damon_target *t,
65 struct damon_region *r, unsigned int nr_pieces)
67 unsigned long sz_orig, sz_piece, orig_end;
68 struct damon_region *n = NULL, *next;
75 sz_orig = damon_sz_region(r);
76 sz_piece = ALIGN_DOWN(sz_orig / nr_pieces, DAMON_MIN_REGION);
81 r->ar.end = r->ar.start + sz_piece;
82 next = damon_next_region(r);
83 for (start = r->ar.end; start + sz_piece <= orig_end;
85 n = damon_new_region(start, start + sz_piece);
88 damon_insert_region(n, r, next, t);
91 /* complement last region for possible rounding error */
98 static unsigned long sz_range(struct damon_addr_range *r)
100 return r->end - r->start;
104 * Find three regions separated by two biggest unmapped regions
106 * vma the head vma of the target address space
107 * regions an array of three address ranges that results will be saved
109 * This function receives an address space and finds three regions in it which
110 * separated by the two biggest unmapped regions in the space. Please refer to
111 * below comments of '__damon_va_init_regions()' function to know why this is
114 * Returns 0 if success, or negative error code otherwise.
116 static int __damon_va_three_regions(struct mm_struct *mm,
117 struct damon_addr_range regions[3])
119 struct damon_addr_range first_gap = {0}, second_gap = {0};
120 VMA_ITERATOR(vmi, mm, 0);
121 struct vm_area_struct *vma, *prev = NULL;
125 * Find the two biggest gaps so that first_gap > second_gap > others.
126 * If this is too slow, it can be optimised to examine the maple
129 for_each_vma(vmi, vma) {
133 start = vma->vm_start;
136 gap = vma->vm_start - prev->vm_end;
138 if (gap > sz_range(&first_gap)) {
139 second_gap = first_gap;
140 first_gap.start = prev->vm_end;
141 first_gap.end = vma->vm_start;
142 } else if (gap > sz_range(&second_gap)) {
143 second_gap.start = prev->vm_end;
144 second_gap.end = vma->vm_start;
150 if (!sz_range(&second_gap) || !sz_range(&first_gap))
153 /* Sort the two biggest gaps by address */
154 if (first_gap.start > second_gap.start)
155 swap(first_gap, second_gap);
157 /* Store the result */
158 regions[0].start = ALIGN(start, DAMON_MIN_REGION);
159 regions[0].end = ALIGN(first_gap.start, DAMON_MIN_REGION);
160 regions[1].start = ALIGN(first_gap.end, DAMON_MIN_REGION);
161 regions[1].end = ALIGN(second_gap.start, DAMON_MIN_REGION);
162 regions[2].start = ALIGN(second_gap.end, DAMON_MIN_REGION);
163 regions[2].end = ALIGN(prev->vm_end, DAMON_MIN_REGION);
169 * Get the three regions in the given target (task)
171 * Returns 0 on success, negative error code otherwise.
173 static int damon_va_three_regions(struct damon_target *t,
174 struct damon_addr_range regions[3])
176 struct mm_struct *mm;
179 mm = damon_get_mm(t);
184 rc = __damon_va_three_regions(mm, regions);
185 mmap_read_unlock(mm);
192 * Initialize the monitoring target regions for the given target (task)
196 * Because only a number of small portions of the entire address space
197 * is actually mapped to the memory and accessed, monitoring the unmapped
198 * regions is wasteful. That said, because we can deal with small noises,
199 * tracking every mapping is not strictly required but could even incur a high
200 * overhead if the mapping frequently changes or the number of mappings is
201 * high. The adaptive regions adjustment mechanism will further help to deal
202 * with the noise by simply identifying the unmapped areas as a region that
203 * has no access. Moreover, applying the real mappings that would have many
204 * unmapped areas inside will make the adaptive mechanism quite complex. That
205 * said, too huge unmapped areas inside the monitoring target should be removed
206 * to not take the time for the adaptive mechanism.
208 * For the reason, we convert the complex mappings to three distinct regions
209 * that cover every mapped area of the address space. Also the two gaps
210 * between the three regions are the two biggest unmapped areas in the given
211 * address space. In detail, this function first identifies the start and the
212 * end of the mappings and the two biggest unmapped areas of the address space.
213 * Then, it constructs the three regions as below:
215 * [mappings[0]->start, big_two_unmapped_areas[0]->start)
216 * [big_two_unmapped_areas[0]->end, big_two_unmapped_areas[1]->start)
217 * [big_two_unmapped_areas[1]->end, mappings[nr_mappings - 1]->end)
219 * As usual memory map of processes is as below, the gap between the heap and
220 * the uppermost mmap()-ed region, and the gap between the lowermost mmap()-ed
221 * region and the stack will be two biggest unmapped regions. Because these
222 * gaps are exceptionally huge areas in usual address space, excluding these
223 * two biggest unmapped regions will be sufficient to make a trade-off.
226 * <BIG UNMAPPED REGION 1>
227 * <uppermost mmap()-ed region>
228 * (other mmap()-ed regions and small unmapped regions)
229 * <lowermost mmap()-ed region>
230 * <BIG UNMAPPED REGION 2>
233 static void __damon_va_init_regions(struct damon_ctx *ctx,
234 struct damon_target *t)
236 struct damon_target *ti;
237 struct damon_region *r;
238 struct damon_addr_range regions[3];
239 unsigned long sz = 0, nr_pieces;
242 if (damon_va_three_regions(t, regions)) {
243 damon_for_each_target(ti, ctx) {
248 pr_debug("Failed to get three regions of %dth target\n", tidx);
252 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
253 sz += regions[i].end - regions[i].start;
254 if (ctx->attrs.min_nr_regions)
255 sz /= ctx->attrs.min_nr_regions;
256 if (sz < DAMON_MIN_REGION)
257 sz = DAMON_MIN_REGION;
259 /* Set the initial three regions of the target */
260 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
261 r = damon_new_region(regions[i].start, regions[i].end);
263 pr_err("%d'th init region creation failed\n", i);
266 damon_add_region(r, t);
268 nr_pieces = (regions[i].end - regions[i].start) / sz;
269 damon_va_evenly_split_region(t, r, nr_pieces);
273 /* Initialize '->regions_list' of every target (task) */
274 static void damon_va_init(struct damon_ctx *ctx)
276 struct damon_target *t;
278 damon_for_each_target(t, ctx) {
279 /* the user may set the target regions as they want */
280 if (!damon_nr_regions(t))
281 __damon_va_init_regions(ctx, t);
286 * Update regions for current memory mappings
288 static void damon_va_update(struct damon_ctx *ctx)
290 struct damon_addr_range three_regions[3];
291 struct damon_target *t;
293 damon_for_each_target(t, ctx) {
294 if (damon_va_three_regions(t, three_regions))
296 damon_set_regions(t, three_regions, 3);
300 static int damon_mkold_pmd_entry(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr,
301 unsigned long next, struct mm_walk *walk)
307 if (pmd_trans_huge(pmdp_get(pmd))) {
308 ptl = pmd_lock(walk->mm, pmd);
309 pmde = pmdp_get(pmd);
311 if (!pmd_present(pmde)) {
316 if (pmd_trans_huge(pmde)) {
317 damon_pmdp_mkold(pmd, walk->vma, addr);
324 pte = pte_offset_map_lock(walk->mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
326 walk->action = ACTION_AGAIN;
329 if (!pte_present(ptep_get(pte)))
331 damon_ptep_mkold(pte, walk->vma, addr);
333 pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl);
337 #ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
338 static void damon_hugetlb_mkold(pte_t *pte, struct mm_struct *mm,
339 struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
341 bool referenced = false;
342 pte_t entry = huge_ptep_get(pte);
343 struct folio *folio = pfn_folio(pte_pfn(entry));
344 unsigned long psize = huge_page_size(hstate_vma(vma));
348 if (pte_young(entry)) {
350 entry = pte_mkold(entry);
351 set_huge_pte_at(mm, addr, pte, entry, psize);
354 #ifdef CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER
355 if (mmu_notifier_clear_young(mm, addr,
356 addr + huge_page_size(hstate_vma(vma))))
358 #endif /* CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER */
361 folio_set_young(folio);
363 folio_set_idle(folio);
367 static int damon_mkold_hugetlb_entry(pte_t *pte, unsigned long hmask,
368 unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
369 struct mm_walk *walk)
371 struct hstate *h = hstate_vma(walk->vma);
375 ptl = huge_pte_lock(h, walk->mm, pte);
376 entry = huge_ptep_get(pte);
377 if (!pte_present(entry))
380 damon_hugetlb_mkold(pte, walk->mm, walk->vma, addr);
387 #define damon_mkold_hugetlb_entry NULL
388 #endif /* CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE */
390 static const struct mm_walk_ops damon_mkold_ops = {
391 .pmd_entry = damon_mkold_pmd_entry,
392 .hugetlb_entry = damon_mkold_hugetlb_entry,
393 .walk_lock = PGWALK_RDLOCK,
396 static void damon_va_mkold(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr)
399 walk_page_range(mm, addr, addr + 1, &damon_mkold_ops, NULL);
400 mmap_read_unlock(mm);
404 * Functions for the access checking of the regions
407 static void __damon_va_prepare_access_check(struct mm_struct *mm,
408 struct damon_region *r)
410 r->sampling_addr = damon_rand(r->ar.start, r->ar.end);
412 damon_va_mkold(mm, r->sampling_addr);
415 static void damon_va_prepare_access_checks(struct damon_ctx *ctx)
417 struct damon_target *t;
418 struct mm_struct *mm;
419 struct damon_region *r;
421 damon_for_each_target(t, ctx) {
422 mm = damon_get_mm(t);
425 damon_for_each_region(r, t)
426 __damon_va_prepare_access_check(mm, r);
431 struct damon_young_walk_private {
432 /* size of the folio for the access checked virtual memory address */
433 unsigned long *folio_sz;
437 static int damon_young_pmd_entry(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr,
438 unsigned long next, struct mm_walk *walk)
444 struct damon_young_walk_private *priv = walk->private;
446 #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
447 if (pmd_trans_huge(pmdp_get(pmd))) {
450 ptl = pmd_lock(walk->mm, pmd);
451 pmde = pmdp_get(pmd);
453 if (!pmd_present(pmde)) {
458 if (!pmd_trans_huge(pmde)) {
462 folio = damon_get_folio(pmd_pfn(pmde));
465 if (pmd_young(pmde) || !folio_test_idle(folio) ||
466 mmu_notifier_test_young(walk->mm,
469 *priv->folio_sz = HPAGE_PMD_SIZE;
477 #endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
479 pte = pte_offset_map_lock(walk->mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
481 walk->action = ACTION_AGAIN;
484 ptent = ptep_get(pte);
485 if (!pte_present(ptent))
487 folio = damon_get_folio(pte_pfn(ptent));
490 if (pte_young(ptent) || !folio_test_idle(folio) ||
491 mmu_notifier_test_young(walk->mm, addr))
493 *priv->folio_sz = folio_size(folio);
496 pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl);
500 #ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
501 static int damon_young_hugetlb_entry(pte_t *pte, unsigned long hmask,
502 unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
503 struct mm_walk *walk)
505 struct damon_young_walk_private *priv = walk->private;
506 struct hstate *h = hstate_vma(walk->vma);
511 ptl = huge_pte_lock(h, walk->mm, pte);
512 entry = huge_ptep_get(pte);
513 if (!pte_present(entry))
516 folio = pfn_folio(pte_pfn(entry));
519 if (pte_young(entry) || !folio_test_idle(folio) ||
520 mmu_notifier_test_young(walk->mm, addr))
522 *priv->folio_sz = huge_page_size(h);
531 #define damon_young_hugetlb_entry NULL
532 #endif /* CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE */
534 static const struct mm_walk_ops damon_young_ops = {
535 .pmd_entry = damon_young_pmd_entry,
536 .hugetlb_entry = damon_young_hugetlb_entry,
537 .walk_lock = PGWALK_RDLOCK,
540 static bool damon_va_young(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
541 unsigned long *folio_sz)
543 struct damon_young_walk_private arg = {
544 .folio_sz = folio_sz,
549 walk_page_range(mm, addr, addr + 1, &damon_young_ops, &arg);
550 mmap_read_unlock(mm);
555 * Check whether the region was accessed after the last preparation
557 * mm 'mm_struct' for the given virtual address space
558 * r the region to be checked
560 static void __damon_va_check_access(struct mm_struct *mm,
561 struct damon_region *r, bool same_target)
563 static unsigned long last_addr;
564 static unsigned long last_folio_sz = PAGE_SIZE;
565 static bool last_accessed;
567 /* If the region is in the last checked page, reuse the result */
568 if (same_target && (ALIGN_DOWN(last_addr, last_folio_sz) ==
569 ALIGN_DOWN(r->sampling_addr, last_folio_sz))) {
575 last_accessed = damon_va_young(mm, r->sampling_addr, &last_folio_sz);
579 last_addr = r->sampling_addr;
582 static unsigned int damon_va_check_accesses(struct damon_ctx *ctx)
584 struct damon_target *t;
585 struct mm_struct *mm;
586 struct damon_region *r;
587 unsigned int max_nr_accesses = 0;
590 damon_for_each_target(t, ctx) {
591 mm = damon_get_mm(t);
595 damon_for_each_region(r, t) {
596 __damon_va_check_access(mm, r, same_target);
597 max_nr_accesses = max(r->nr_accesses, max_nr_accesses);
603 return max_nr_accesses;
607 * Functions for the target validity check and cleanup
610 static bool damon_va_target_valid(struct damon_target *t)
612 struct task_struct *task;
614 task = damon_get_task_struct(t);
616 put_task_struct(task);
623 #ifndef CONFIG_ADVISE_SYSCALLS
624 static unsigned long damos_madvise(struct damon_target *target,
625 struct damon_region *r, int behavior)
630 static unsigned long damos_madvise(struct damon_target *target,
631 struct damon_region *r, int behavior)
633 struct mm_struct *mm;
634 unsigned long start = PAGE_ALIGN(r->ar.start);
635 unsigned long len = PAGE_ALIGN(damon_sz_region(r));
636 unsigned long applied;
638 mm = damon_get_mm(target);
642 applied = do_madvise(mm, start, len, behavior) ? 0 : len;
647 #endif /* CONFIG_ADVISE_SYSCALLS */
649 static unsigned long damon_va_apply_scheme(struct damon_ctx *ctx,
650 struct damon_target *t, struct damon_region *r,
651 struct damos *scheme)
655 switch (scheme->action) {
657 madv_action = MADV_WILLNEED;
660 madv_action = MADV_COLD;
663 madv_action = MADV_PAGEOUT;
666 madv_action = MADV_HUGEPAGE;
668 case DAMOS_NOHUGEPAGE:
669 madv_action = MADV_NOHUGEPAGE;
675 * DAMOS actions that are not yet supported by 'vaddr'.
680 return damos_madvise(t, r, madv_action);
683 static int damon_va_scheme_score(struct damon_ctx *context,
684 struct damon_target *t, struct damon_region *r,
685 struct damos *scheme)
688 switch (scheme->action) {
690 return damon_cold_score(context, r, scheme);
695 return DAMOS_MAX_SCORE;
698 static int __init damon_va_initcall(void)
700 struct damon_operations ops = {
701 .id = DAMON_OPS_VADDR,
702 .init = damon_va_init,
703 .update = damon_va_update,
704 .prepare_access_checks = damon_va_prepare_access_checks,
705 .check_accesses = damon_va_check_accesses,
706 .reset_aggregated = NULL,
707 .target_valid = damon_va_target_valid,
709 .apply_scheme = damon_va_apply_scheme,
710 .get_scheme_score = damon_va_scheme_score,
712 /* ops for fixed virtual address ranges */
713 struct damon_operations ops_fvaddr = ops;
716 /* Don't set the monitoring target regions for the entire mapping */
717 ops_fvaddr.id = DAMON_OPS_FVADDR;
718 ops_fvaddr.init = NULL;
719 ops_fvaddr.update = NULL;
721 err = damon_register_ops(&ops);
724 return damon_register_ops(&ops_fvaddr);
727 subsys_initcall(damon_va_initcall);
729 #include "vaddr-test.h"