2 * linux/mm/compaction.c
4 * Memory compaction for the reduction of external fragmentation. Note that
5 * this heavily depends upon page migration to do all the real heavy
8 * Copyright IBM Corp. 2007-2010 Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
10 #include <linux/swap.h>
11 #include <linux/migrate.h>
12 #include <linux/compaction.h>
13 #include <linux/mm_inline.h>
14 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
15 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
16 #include <linux/sysfs.h>
17 #include <linux/balloon_compaction.h>
18 #include <linux/page-isolation.h>
21 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
22 static inline void count_compact_event(enum vm_event_item item)
27 static inline void count_compact_events(enum vm_event_item item, long delta)
29 count_vm_events(item, delta);
32 #define count_compact_event(item) do { } while (0)
33 #define count_compact_events(item, delta) do { } while (0)
36 #if defined CONFIG_COMPACTION || defined CONFIG_CMA
38 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
39 #include <trace/events/compaction.h>
41 static unsigned long release_freepages(struct list_head *freelist)
43 struct page *page, *next;
44 unsigned long count = 0;
46 list_for_each_entry_safe(page, next, freelist, lru) {
55 static void map_pages(struct list_head *list)
59 list_for_each_entry(page, list, lru) {
60 arch_alloc_page(page, 0);
61 kernel_map_pages(page, 1, 1);
65 static inline bool migrate_async_suitable(int migratetype)
67 return is_migrate_cma(migratetype) || migratetype == MIGRATE_MOVABLE;
70 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
71 /* Returns true if the pageblock should be scanned for pages to isolate. */
72 static inline bool isolation_suitable(struct compact_control *cc,
75 if (cc->ignore_skip_hint)
78 return !get_pageblock_skip(page);
82 * This function is called to clear all cached information on pageblocks that
83 * should be skipped for page isolation when the migrate and free page scanner
86 static void __reset_isolation_suitable(struct zone *zone)
88 unsigned long start_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;
89 unsigned long end_pfn = zone_end_pfn(zone);
92 zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn = start_pfn;
93 zone->compact_cached_free_pfn = end_pfn;
94 zone->compact_blockskip_flush = false;
96 /* Walk the zone and mark every pageblock as suitable for isolation */
97 for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn; pfn += pageblock_nr_pages) {
105 page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
106 if (zone != page_zone(page))
109 clear_pageblock_skip(page);
113 void reset_isolation_suitable(pg_data_t *pgdat)
117 for (zoneid = 0; zoneid < MAX_NR_ZONES; zoneid++) {
118 struct zone *zone = &pgdat->node_zones[zoneid];
119 if (!populated_zone(zone))
122 /* Only flush if a full compaction finished recently */
123 if (zone->compact_blockskip_flush)
124 __reset_isolation_suitable(zone);
129 * If no pages were isolated then mark this pageblock to be skipped in the
130 * future. The information is later cleared by __reset_isolation_suitable().
132 static void update_pageblock_skip(struct compact_control *cc,
133 struct page *page, unsigned long nr_isolated,
134 bool migrate_scanner)
136 struct zone *zone = cc->zone;
138 if (cc->ignore_skip_hint)
145 unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
146 set_pageblock_skip(page);
148 /* Update where compaction should restart */
149 if (migrate_scanner) {
150 if (!cc->finished_update_migrate &&
151 pfn > zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn)
152 zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn = pfn;
154 if (!cc->finished_update_free &&
155 pfn < zone->compact_cached_free_pfn)
156 zone->compact_cached_free_pfn = pfn;
161 static inline bool isolation_suitable(struct compact_control *cc,
167 static void update_pageblock_skip(struct compact_control *cc,
168 struct page *page, unsigned long nr_isolated,
169 bool migrate_scanner)
172 #endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION */
174 static inline bool should_release_lock(spinlock_t *lock)
176 return need_resched() || spin_is_contended(lock);
180 * Compaction requires the taking of some coarse locks that are potentially
181 * very heavily contended. Check if the process needs to be scheduled or
182 * if the lock is contended. For async compaction, back out in the event
183 * if contention is severe. For sync compaction, schedule.
185 * Returns true if the lock is held.
186 * Returns false if the lock is released and compaction should abort
188 static bool compact_checklock_irqsave(spinlock_t *lock, unsigned long *flags,
189 bool locked, struct compact_control *cc)
191 if (should_release_lock(lock)) {
193 spin_unlock_irqrestore(lock, *flags);
197 /* async aborts if taking too long or contended */
199 cc->contended = true;
207 spin_lock_irqsave(lock, *flags);
211 static inline bool compact_trylock_irqsave(spinlock_t *lock,
212 unsigned long *flags, struct compact_control *cc)
214 return compact_checklock_irqsave(lock, flags, false, cc);
217 /* Returns true if the page is within a block suitable for migration to */
218 static bool suitable_migration_target(struct page *page)
220 int migratetype = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);
222 /* Don't interfere with memory hot-remove or the min_free_kbytes blocks */
223 if (migratetype == MIGRATE_RESERVE)
226 if (is_migrate_isolate(migratetype))
229 /* If the page is a large free page, then allow migration */
230 if (PageBuddy(page) && page_order(page) >= pageblock_order)
233 /* If the block is MIGRATE_MOVABLE or MIGRATE_CMA, allow migration */
234 if (migrate_async_suitable(migratetype))
237 /* Otherwise skip the block */
242 * Isolate free pages onto a private freelist. If @strict is true, will abort
243 * returning 0 on any invalid PFNs or non-free pages inside of the pageblock
244 * (even though it may still end up isolating some pages).
246 static unsigned long isolate_freepages_block(struct compact_control *cc,
247 unsigned long blockpfn,
248 unsigned long end_pfn,
249 struct list_head *freelist,
252 int nr_scanned = 0, total_isolated = 0;
253 struct page *cursor, *valid_page = NULL;
254 unsigned long nr_strict_required = end_pfn - blockpfn;
258 cursor = pfn_to_page(blockpfn);
260 /* Isolate free pages. */
261 for (; blockpfn < end_pfn; blockpfn++, cursor++) {
263 struct page *page = cursor;
266 if (!pfn_valid_within(blockpfn))
270 if (!PageBuddy(page))
274 * The zone lock must be held to isolate freepages.
275 * Unfortunately this is a very coarse lock and can be
276 * heavily contended if there are parallel allocations
277 * or parallel compactions. For async compaction do not
278 * spin on the lock and we acquire the lock as late as
281 locked = compact_checklock_irqsave(&cc->zone->lock, &flags,
286 /* Recheck this is a suitable migration target under lock */
287 if (!strict && !suitable_migration_target(page))
290 /* Recheck this is a buddy page under lock */
291 if (!PageBuddy(page))
294 /* Found a free page, break it into order-0 pages */
295 isolated = split_free_page(page);
296 if (!isolated && strict)
298 total_isolated += isolated;
299 for (i = 0; i < isolated; i++) {
300 list_add(&page->lru, freelist);
304 /* If a page was split, advance to the end of it */
306 blockpfn += isolated - 1;
307 cursor += isolated - 1;
311 trace_mm_compaction_isolate_freepages(nr_scanned, total_isolated);
314 * If strict isolation is requested by CMA then check that all the
315 * pages requested were isolated. If there were any failures, 0 is
316 * returned and CMA will fail.
318 if (strict && nr_strict_required > total_isolated)
322 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cc->zone->lock, flags);
324 /* Update the pageblock-skip if the whole pageblock was scanned */
325 if (blockpfn == end_pfn)
326 update_pageblock_skip(cc, valid_page, total_isolated, false);
328 count_compact_events(COMPACTFREE_SCANNED, nr_scanned);
330 count_compact_events(COMPACTISOLATED, total_isolated);
331 return total_isolated;
335 * isolate_freepages_range() - isolate free pages.
336 * @start_pfn: The first PFN to start isolating.
337 * @end_pfn: The one-past-last PFN.
339 * Non-free pages, invalid PFNs, or zone boundaries within the
340 * [start_pfn, end_pfn) range are considered errors, cause function to
341 * undo its actions and return zero.
343 * Otherwise, function returns one-past-the-last PFN of isolated page
344 * (which may be greater then end_pfn if end fell in a middle of
348 isolate_freepages_range(struct compact_control *cc,
349 unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
351 unsigned long isolated, pfn, block_end_pfn;
354 for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn; pfn += isolated) {
355 if (!pfn_valid(pfn) || cc->zone != page_zone(pfn_to_page(pfn)))
359 * On subsequent iterations ALIGN() is actually not needed,
360 * but we keep it that we not to complicate the code.
362 block_end_pfn = ALIGN(pfn + 1, pageblock_nr_pages);
363 block_end_pfn = min(block_end_pfn, end_pfn);
365 isolated = isolate_freepages_block(cc, pfn, block_end_pfn,
369 * In strict mode, isolate_freepages_block() returns 0 if
370 * there are any holes in the block (ie. invalid PFNs or
377 * If we managed to isolate pages, it is always (1 << n) *
378 * pageblock_nr_pages for some non-negative n. (Max order
379 * page may span two pageblocks).
383 /* split_free_page does not map the pages */
384 map_pages(&freelist);
387 /* Loop terminated early, cleanup. */
388 release_freepages(&freelist);
392 /* We don't use freelists for anything. */
396 /* Update the number of anon and file isolated pages in the zone */
397 static void acct_isolated(struct zone *zone, bool locked, struct compact_control *cc)
400 unsigned int count[2] = { 0, };
402 list_for_each_entry(page, &cc->migratepages, lru)
403 count[!!page_is_file_cache(page)]++;
405 /* If locked we can use the interrupt unsafe versions */
407 __mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_ISOLATED_ANON, count[0]);
408 __mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_ISOLATED_FILE, count[1]);
410 mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_ISOLATED_ANON, count[0]);
411 mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_ISOLATED_FILE, count[1]);
415 /* Similar to reclaim, but different enough that they don't share logic */
416 static bool too_many_isolated(struct zone *zone)
418 unsigned long active, inactive, isolated;
420 inactive = zone_page_state(zone, NR_INACTIVE_FILE) +
421 zone_page_state(zone, NR_INACTIVE_ANON);
422 active = zone_page_state(zone, NR_ACTIVE_FILE) +
423 zone_page_state(zone, NR_ACTIVE_ANON);
424 isolated = zone_page_state(zone, NR_ISOLATED_FILE) +
425 zone_page_state(zone, NR_ISOLATED_ANON);
427 return isolated > (inactive + active) / 2;
431 * isolate_migratepages_range() - isolate all migrate-able pages in range.
432 * @zone: Zone pages are in.
433 * @cc: Compaction control structure.
434 * @low_pfn: The first PFN of the range.
435 * @end_pfn: The one-past-the-last PFN of the range.
436 * @unevictable: true if it allows to isolate unevictable pages
438 * Isolate all pages that can be migrated from the range specified by
439 * [low_pfn, end_pfn). Returns zero if there is a fatal signal
440 * pending), otherwise PFN of the first page that was not scanned
441 * (which may be both less, equal to or more then end_pfn).
443 * Assumes that cc->migratepages is empty and cc->nr_migratepages is
446 * Apart from cc->migratepages and cc->nr_migratetypes this function
447 * does not modify any cc's fields, in particular it does not modify
448 * (or read for that matter) cc->migrate_pfn.
451 isolate_migratepages_range(struct zone *zone, struct compact_control *cc,
452 unsigned long low_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn, bool unevictable)
454 unsigned long last_pageblock_nr = 0, pageblock_nr;
455 unsigned long nr_scanned = 0, nr_isolated = 0;
456 struct list_head *migratelist = &cc->migratepages;
457 isolate_mode_t mode = 0;
458 struct lruvec *lruvec;
461 struct page *page = NULL, *valid_page = NULL;
464 * Ensure that there are not too many pages isolated from the LRU
465 * list by either parallel reclaimers or compaction. If there are,
466 * delay for some time until fewer pages are isolated
468 while (unlikely(too_many_isolated(zone))) {
469 /* async migration should just abort */
473 congestion_wait(BLK_RW_ASYNC, HZ/10);
475 if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
479 /* Time to isolate some pages for migration */
481 for (; low_pfn < end_pfn; low_pfn++) {
482 /* give a chance to irqs before checking need_resched() */
483 if (locked && !((low_pfn+1) % SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX)) {
484 if (should_release_lock(&zone->lru_lock)) {
485 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
491 * migrate_pfn does not necessarily start aligned to a
492 * pageblock. Ensure that pfn_valid is called when moving
493 * into a new MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES range in case of large
494 * memory holes within the zone
496 if ((low_pfn & (MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES - 1)) == 0) {
497 if (!pfn_valid(low_pfn)) {
498 low_pfn += MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES - 1;
503 if (!pfn_valid_within(low_pfn))
508 * Get the page and ensure the page is within the same zone.
509 * See the comment in isolate_freepages about overlapping
510 * nodes. It is deliberate that the new zone lock is not taken
511 * as memory compaction should not move pages between nodes.
513 page = pfn_to_page(low_pfn);
514 if (page_zone(page) != zone)
520 /* If isolation recently failed, do not retry */
521 pageblock_nr = low_pfn >> pageblock_order;
522 if (!isolation_suitable(cc, page))
530 * For async migration, also only scan in MOVABLE blocks. Async
531 * migration is optimistic to see if the minimum amount of work
532 * satisfies the allocation
534 if (!cc->sync && last_pageblock_nr != pageblock_nr &&
535 !migrate_async_suitable(get_pageblock_migratetype(page))) {
536 cc->finished_update_migrate = true;
541 * Check may be lockless but that's ok as we recheck later.
542 * It's possible to migrate LRU pages and balloon pages
543 * Skip any other type of page
545 if (!PageLRU(page)) {
546 if (unlikely(balloon_page_movable(page))) {
547 if (locked && balloon_page_isolate(page)) {
548 /* Successfully isolated */
549 cc->finished_update_migrate = true;
550 list_add(&page->lru, migratelist);
551 cc->nr_migratepages++;
553 goto check_compact_cluster;
560 * PageLRU is set. lru_lock normally excludes isolation
561 * splitting and collapsing (collapsing has already happened
562 * if PageLRU is set) but the lock is not necessarily taken
563 * here and it is wasteful to take it just to check transhuge.
564 * Check TransHuge without lock and skip the whole pageblock if
565 * it's either a transhuge or hugetlbfs page, as calling
566 * compound_order() without preventing THP from splitting the
567 * page underneath us may return surprising results.
569 if (PageTransHuge(page)) {
572 low_pfn += (1 << compound_order(page)) - 1;
576 /* Check if it is ok to still hold the lock */
577 locked = compact_checklock_irqsave(&zone->lru_lock, &flags,
579 if (!locked || fatal_signal_pending(current))
582 /* Recheck PageLRU and PageTransHuge under lock */
585 if (PageTransHuge(page)) {
586 low_pfn += (1 << compound_order(page)) - 1;
591 mode |= ISOLATE_ASYNC_MIGRATE;
594 mode |= ISOLATE_UNEVICTABLE;
596 lruvec = mem_cgroup_page_lruvec(page, zone);
598 /* Try isolate the page */
599 if (__isolate_lru_page(page, mode) != 0)
602 VM_BUG_ON(PageTransCompound(page));
604 /* Successfully isolated */
605 cc->finished_update_migrate = true;
606 del_page_from_lru_list(page, lruvec, page_lru(page));
607 list_add(&page->lru, migratelist);
608 cc->nr_migratepages++;
611 check_compact_cluster:
612 /* Avoid isolating too much */
613 if (cc->nr_migratepages == COMPACT_CLUSTER_MAX) {
621 low_pfn = ALIGN(low_pfn + 1, pageblock_nr_pages) - 1;
622 last_pageblock_nr = pageblock_nr;
625 acct_isolated(zone, locked, cc);
628 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
630 /* Update the pageblock-skip if the whole pageblock was scanned */
631 if (low_pfn == end_pfn)
632 update_pageblock_skip(cc, valid_page, nr_isolated, true);
634 trace_mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages(nr_scanned, nr_isolated);
636 count_compact_events(COMPACTMIGRATE_SCANNED, nr_scanned);
638 count_compact_events(COMPACTISOLATED, nr_isolated);
643 #endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION || CONFIG_CMA */
644 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
646 * Based on information in the current compact_control, find blocks
647 * suitable for isolating free pages from and then isolate them.
649 static void isolate_freepages(struct zone *zone,
650 struct compact_control *cc)
653 unsigned long high_pfn, low_pfn, pfn, z_end_pfn, end_pfn;
654 int nr_freepages = cc->nr_freepages;
655 struct list_head *freelist = &cc->freepages;
658 * Initialise the free scanner. The starting point is where we last
659 * scanned from (or the end of the zone if starting). The low point
660 * is the end of the pageblock the migration scanner is using.
663 low_pfn = cc->migrate_pfn + pageblock_nr_pages;
666 * Take care that if the migration scanner is at the end of the zone
667 * that the free scanner does not accidentally move to the next zone
668 * in the next isolation cycle.
670 high_pfn = min(low_pfn, pfn);
672 z_end_pfn = zone_end_pfn(zone);
675 * Isolate free pages until enough are available to migrate the
676 * pages on cc->migratepages. We stop searching if the migrate
677 * and free page scanners meet or enough free pages are isolated.
679 for (; pfn > low_pfn && cc->nr_migratepages > nr_freepages;
680 pfn -= pageblock_nr_pages) {
681 unsigned long isolated;
684 * This can iterate a massively long zone without finding any
685 * suitable migration targets, so periodically check if we need
694 * Check for overlapping nodes/zones. It's possible on some
695 * configurations to have a setup like
697 * i.e. it's possible that all pages within a zones range of
698 * pages do not belong to a single zone.
700 page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
701 if (page_zone(page) != zone)
704 /* Check the block is suitable for migration */
705 if (!suitable_migration_target(page))
708 /* If isolation recently failed, do not retry */
709 if (!isolation_suitable(cc, page))
712 /* Found a block suitable for isolating free pages from */
716 * As pfn may not start aligned, pfn+pageblock_nr_page
717 * may cross a MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES boundary and miss
718 * a pfn_valid check. Ensure isolate_freepages_block()
719 * only scans within a pageblock
721 end_pfn = ALIGN(pfn + 1, pageblock_nr_pages);
722 end_pfn = min(end_pfn, z_end_pfn);
723 isolated = isolate_freepages_block(cc, pfn, end_pfn,
725 nr_freepages += isolated;
728 * Record the highest PFN we isolated pages from. When next
729 * looking for free pages, the search will restart here as
730 * page migration may have returned some pages to the allocator
733 cc->finished_update_free = true;
734 high_pfn = max(high_pfn, pfn);
738 /* split_free_page does not map the pages */
741 cc->free_pfn = high_pfn;
742 cc->nr_freepages = nr_freepages;
746 * This is a migrate-callback that "allocates" freepages by taking pages
747 * from the isolated freelists in the block we are migrating to.
749 static struct page *compaction_alloc(struct page *migratepage,
753 struct compact_control *cc = (struct compact_control *)data;
754 struct page *freepage;
756 /* Isolate free pages if necessary */
757 if (list_empty(&cc->freepages)) {
758 isolate_freepages(cc->zone, cc);
760 if (list_empty(&cc->freepages))
764 freepage = list_entry(cc->freepages.next, struct page, lru);
765 list_del(&freepage->lru);
772 * We cannot control nr_migratepages and nr_freepages fully when migration is
773 * running as migrate_pages() has no knowledge of compact_control. When
774 * migration is complete, we count the number of pages on the lists by hand.
776 static void update_nr_listpages(struct compact_control *cc)
778 int nr_migratepages = 0;
779 int nr_freepages = 0;
782 list_for_each_entry(page, &cc->migratepages, lru)
784 list_for_each_entry(page, &cc->freepages, lru)
787 cc->nr_migratepages = nr_migratepages;
788 cc->nr_freepages = nr_freepages;
791 /* possible outcome of isolate_migratepages */
793 ISOLATE_ABORT, /* Abort compaction now */
794 ISOLATE_NONE, /* No pages isolated, continue scanning */
795 ISOLATE_SUCCESS, /* Pages isolated, migrate */
799 * Isolate all pages that can be migrated from the block pointed to by
800 * the migrate scanner within compact_control.
802 static isolate_migrate_t isolate_migratepages(struct zone *zone,
803 struct compact_control *cc)
805 unsigned long low_pfn, end_pfn;
807 /* Do not scan outside zone boundaries */
808 low_pfn = max(cc->migrate_pfn, zone->zone_start_pfn);
810 /* Only scan within a pageblock boundary */
811 end_pfn = ALIGN(low_pfn + 1, pageblock_nr_pages);
813 /* Do not cross the free scanner or scan within a memory hole */
814 if (end_pfn > cc->free_pfn || !pfn_valid(low_pfn)) {
815 cc->migrate_pfn = end_pfn;
819 /* Perform the isolation */
820 low_pfn = isolate_migratepages_range(zone, cc, low_pfn, end_pfn, false);
821 if (!low_pfn || cc->contended)
822 return ISOLATE_ABORT;
824 cc->migrate_pfn = low_pfn;
826 return ISOLATE_SUCCESS;
829 static int compact_finished(struct zone *zone,
830 struct compact_control *cc)
833 unsigned long watermark;
835 if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
836 return COMPACT_PARTIAL;
838 /* Compaction run completes if the migrate and free scanner meet */
839 if (cc->free_pfn <= cc->migrate_pfn) {
841 * Mark that the PG_migrate_skip information should be cleared
842 * by kswapd when it goes to sleep. kswapd does not set the
843 * flag itself as the decision to be clear should be directly
844 * based on an allocation request.
846 if (!current_is_kswapd())
847 zone->compact_blockskip_flush = true;
849 return COMPACT_COMPLETE;
853 * order == -1 is expected when compacting via
854 * /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory
857 return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
859 /* Compaction run is not finished if the watermark is not met */
860 watermark = low_wmark_pages(zone);
861 watermark += (1 << cc->order);
863 if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone, cc->order, watermark, 0, 0))
864 return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
866 /* Direct compactor: Is a suitable page free? */
867 for (order = cc->order; order < MAX_ORDER; order++) {
868 struct free_area *area = &zone->free_area[order];
870 /* Job done if page is free of the right migratetype */
871 if (!list_empty(&area->free_list[cc->migratetype]))
872 return COMPACT_PARTIAL;
874 /* Job done if allocation would set block type */
875 if (cc->order >= pageblock_order && area->nr_free)
876 return COMPACT_PARTIAL;
879 return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
883 * compaction_suitable: Is this suitable to run compaction on this zone now?
885 * COMPACT_SKIPPED - If there are too few free pages for compaction
886 * COMPACT_PARTIAL - If the allocation would succeed without compaction
887 * COMPACT_CONTINUE - If compaction should run now
889 unsigned long compaction_suitable(struct zone *zone, int order)
892 unsigned long watermark;
895 * order == -1 is expected when compacting via
896 * /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory
899 return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
902 * Watermarks for order-0 must be met for compaction. Note the 2UL.
903 * This is because during migration, copies of pages need to be
904 * allocated and for a short time, the footprint is higher
906 watermark = low_wmark_pages(zone) + (2UL << order);
907 if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone, 0, watermark, 0, 0))
908 return COMPACT_SKIPPED;
911 * fragmentation index determines if allocation failures are due to
912 * low memory or external fragmentation
914 * index of -1000 implies allocations might succeed depending on
916 * index towards 0 implies failure is due to lack of memory
917 * index towards 1000 implies failure is due to fragmentation
919 * Only compact if a failure would be due to fragmentation.
921 fragindex = fragmentation_index(zone, order);
922 if (fragindex >= 0 && fragindex <= sysctl_extfrag_threshold)
923 return COMPACT_SKIPPED;
925 if (fragindex == -1000 && zone_watermark_ok(zone, order, watermark,
927 return COMPACT_PARTIAL;
929 return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
932 static int compact_zone(struct zone *zone, struct compact_control *cc)
935 unsigned long start_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;
936 unsigned long end_pfn = zone_end_pfn(zone);
938 ret = compaction_suitable(zone, cc->order);
940 case COMPACT_PARTIAL:
941 case COMPACT_SKIPPED:
942 /* Compaction is likely to fail */
944 case COMPACT_CONTINUE:
945 /* Fall through to compaction */
950 * Setup to move all movable pages to the end of the zone. Used cached
951 * information on where the scanners should start but check that it
952 * is initialised by ensuring the values are within zone boundaries.
954 cc->migrate_pfn = zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn;
955 cc->free_pfn = zone->compact_cached_free_pfn;
956 if (cc->free_pfn < start_pfn || cc->free_pfn > end_pfn) {
957 cc->free_pfn = end_pfn & ~(pageblock_nr_pages-1);
958 zone->compact_cached_free_pfn = cc->free_pfn;
960 if (cc->migrate_pfn < start_pfn || cc->migrate_pfn > end_pfn) {
961 cc->migrate_pfn = start_pfn;
962 zone->compact_cached_migrate_pfn = cc->migrate_pfn;
966 * Clear pageblock skip if there were failures recently and compaction
967 * is about to be retried after being deferred. kswapd does not do
968 * this reset as it'll reset the cached information when going to sleep.
970 if (compaction_restarting(zone, cc->order) && !current_is_kswapd())
971 __reset_isolation_suitable(zone);
973 migrate_prep_local();
975 while ((ret = compact_finished(zone, cc)) == COMPACT_CONTINUE) {
976 unsigned long nr_migrate, nr_remaining;
979 switch (isolate_migratepages(zone, cc)) {
981 ret = COMPACT_PARTIAL;
982 putback_movable_pages(&cc->migratepages);
983 cc->nr_migratepages = 0;
987 case ISOLATE_SUCCESS:
991 nr_migrate = cc->nr_migratepages;
992 err = migrate_pages(&cc->migratepages, compaction_alloc,
994 cc->sync ? MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT : MIGRATE_ASYNC,
996 update_nr_listpages(cc);
997 nr_remaining = cc->nr_migratepages;
999 trace_mm_compaction_migratepages(nr_migrate - nr_remaining,
1002 /* Release isolated pages not migrated */
1004 putback_movable_pages(&cc->migratepages);
1005 cc->nr_migratepages = 0;
1006 if (err == -ENOMEM) {
1007 ret = COMPACT_PARTIAL;
1014 /* Release free pages and check accounting */
1015 cc->nr_freepages -= release_freepages(&cc->freepages);
1016 VM_BUG_ON(cc->nr_freepages != 0);
1021 static unsigned long compact_zone_order(struct zone *zone,
1022 int order, gfp_t gfp_mask,
1023 bool sync, bool *contended)
1026 struct compact_control cc = {
1028 .nr_migratepages = 0,
1030 .migratetype = allocflags_to_migratetype(gfp_mask),
1034 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc.freepages);
1035 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc.migratepages);
1037 ret = compact_zone(zone, &cc);
1039 VM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cc.freepages));
1040 VM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cc.migratepages));
1042 *contended = cc.contended;
1046 int sysctl_extfrag_threshold = 500;
1049 * try_to_compact_pages - Direct compact to satisfy a high-order allocation
1050 * @zonelist: The zonelist used for the current allocation
1051 * @order: The order of the current allocation
1052 * @gfp_mask: The GFP mask of the current allocation
1053 * @nodemask: The allowed nodes to allocate from
1054 * @sync: Whether migration is synchronous or not
1055 * @contended: Return value that is true if compaction was aborted due to lock contention
1056 * @page: Optionally capture a free page of the requested order during compaction
1058 * This is the main entry point for direct page compaction.
1060 unsigned long try_to_compact_pages(struct zonelist *zonelist,
1061 int order, gfp_t gfp_mask, nodemask_t *nodemask,
1062 bool sync, bool *contended)
1064 enum zone_type high_zoneidx = gfp_zone(gfp_mask);
1065 int may_enter_fs = gfp_mask & __GFP_FS;
1066 int may_perform_io = gfp_mask & __GFP_IO;
1069 int rc = COMPACT_SKIPPED;
1070 int alloc_flags = 0;
1072 /* Check if the GFP flags allow compaction */
1073 if (!order || !may_enter_fs || !may_perform_io)
1076 count_compact_event(COMPACTSTALL);
1079 if (allocflags_to_migratetype(gfp_mask) == MIGRATE_MOVABLE)
1080 alloc_flags |= ALLOC_CMA;
1082 /* Compact each zone in the list */
1083 for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone, z, zonelist, high_zoneidx,
1087 status = compact_zone_order(zone, order, gfp_mask, sync,
1089 rc = max(status, rc);
1091 /* If a normal allocation would succeed, stop compacting */
1092 if (zone_watermark_ok(zone, order, low_wmark_pages(zone), 0,
1101 /* Compact all zones within a node */
1102 static void __compact_pgdat(pg_data_t *pgdat, struct compact_control *cc)
1107 for (zoneid = 0; zoneid < MAX_NR_ZONES; zoneid++) {
1109 zone = &pgdat->node_zones[zoneid];
1110 if (!populated_zone(zone))
1113 cc->nr_freepages = 0;
1114 cc->nr_migratepages = 0;
1116 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc->freepages);
1117 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc->migratepages);
1119 if (cc->order == -1 || !compaction_deferred(zone, cc->order))
1120 compact_zone(zone, cc);
1122 if (cc->order > 0) {
1123 int ok = zone_watermark_ok(zone, cc->order,
1124 low_wmark_pages(zone), 0, 0);
1125 if (ok && cc->order >= zone->compact_order_failed)
1126 zone->compact_order_failed = cc->order + 1;
1127 /* Currently async compaction is never deferred. */
1128 else if (!ok && cc->sync)
1129 defer_compaction(zone, cc->order);
1132 VM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cc->freepages));
1133 VM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cc->migratepages));
1137 void compact_pgdat(pg_data_t *pgdat, int order)
1139 struct compact_control cc = {
1147 __compact_pgdat(pgdat, &cc);
1150 static void compact_node(int nid)
1152 struct compact_control cc = {
1157 __compact_pgdat(NODE_DATA(nid), &cc);
1160 /* Compact all nodes in the system */
1161 static void compact_nodes(void)
1165 /* Flush pending updates to the LRU lists */
1166 lru_add_drain_all();
1168 for_each_online_node(nid)
1172 /* The written value is actually unused, all memory is compacted */
1173 int sysctl_compact_memory;
1175 /* This is the entry point for compacting all nodes via /proc/sys/vm */
1176 int sysctl_compaction_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
1177 void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
1185 int sysctl_extfrag_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
1186 void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
1188 proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, length, ppos);
1193 #if defined(CONFIG_SYSFS) && defined(CONFIG_NUMA)
1194 ssize_t sysfs_compact_node(struct device *dev,
1195 struct device_attribute *attr,
1196 const char *buf, size_t count)
1200 if (nid >= 0 && nid < nr_node_ids && node_online(nid)) {
1201 /* Flush pending updates to the LRU lists */
1202 lru_add_drain_all();
1209 static DEVICE_ATTR(compact, S_IWUSR, NULL, sysfs_compact_node);
1211 int compaction_register_node(struct node *node)
1213 return device_create_file(&node->dev, &dev_attr_compact);
1216 void compaction_unregister_node(struct node *node)
1218 return device_remove_file(&node->dev, &dev_attr_compact);
1220 #endif /* CONFIG_SYSFS && CONFIG_NUMA */
1222 #endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION */