2 * Contiguous Memory Allocator
4 * Copyright (c) 2010-2011 by Samsung Electronics.
5 * Copyright IBM Corporation, 2013
6 * Copyright LG Electronics Inc., 2014
8 * Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
9 * Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
10 * Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
11 * Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
13 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
14 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
15 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
16 * License or (at your optional) any later version of the license.
19 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "cma: " fmt
21 #ifdef CONFIG_CMA_DEBUG
26 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
28 #include <linux/memblock.h>
29 #include <linux/err.h>
31 #include <linux/mutex.h>
32 #include <linux/sizes.h>
33 #include <linux/slab.h>
34 #include <linux/log2.h>
35 #include <linux/cma.h>
36 #include <linux/highmem.h>
38 #include <linux/kmemleak.h>
39 #include <trace/events/cma.h>
43 struct cma cma_areas[MAX_CMA_AREAS];
44 unsigned cma_area_count;
45 static DEFINE_MUTEX(cma_mutex);
47 phys_addr_t cma_get_base(const struct cma *cma)
49 return PFN_PHYS(cma->base_pfn);
52 unsigned long cma_get_size(const struct cma *cma)
54 return cma->count << PAGE_SHIFT;
57 const char *cma_get_name(const struct cma *cma)
59 return cma->name ? cma->name : "(undefined)";
62 static unsigned long cma_bitmap_aligned_mask(const struct cma *cma,
63 unsigned int align_order)
65 if (align_order <= cma->order_per_bit)
67 return (1UL << (align_order - cma->order_per_bit)) - 1;
71 * Find the offset of the base PFN from the specified align_order.
72 * The value returned is represented in order_per_bits.
74 static unsigned long cma_bitmap_aligned_offset(const struct cma *cma,
75 unsigned int align_order)
77 return (cma->base_pfn & ((1UL << align_order) - 1))
78 >> cma->order_per_bit;
81 static unsigned long cma_bitmap_pages_to_bits(const struct cma *cma,
84 return ALIGN(pages, 1UL << cma->order_per_bit) >> cma->order_per_bit;
87 static void cma_clear_bitmap(struct cma *cma, unsigned long pfn,
90 unsigned long bitmap_no, bitmap_count;
92 bitmap_no = (pfn - cma->base_pfn) >> cma->order_per_bit;
93 bitmap_count = cma_bitmap_pages_to_bits(cma, count);
95 mutex_lock(&cma->lock);
96 bitmap_clear(cma->bitmap, bitmap_no, bitmap_count);
97 mutex_unlock(&cma->lock);
100 static int __init cma_activate_area(struct cma *cma)
102 int bitmap_size = BITS_TO_LONGS(cma_bitmap_maxno(cma)) * sizeof(long);
103 unsigned long base_pfn = cma->base_pfn, pfn = base_pfn;
104 unsigned i = cma->count >> pageblock_order;
107 cma->bitmap = kzalloc(bitmap_size, GFP_KERNEL);
114 WARN_ON_ONCE(!pfn_valid(pfn));
115 zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(pfn));
121 for (j = pageblock_nr_pages; j; --j, pfn++) {
122 WARN_ON_ONCE(!pfn_valid(pfn));
124 * alloc_contig_range requires the pfn range
125 * specified to be in the same zone. Make this
126 * simple by forcing the entire CMA resv range
127 * to be in the same zone.
129 if (page_zone(pfn_to_page(pfn)) != zone)
132 init_cma_reserved_pageblock(pfn_to_page(base_pfn));
135 mutex_init(&cma->lock);
137 #ifdef CONFIG_CMA_DEBUGFS
138 INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&cma->mem_head);
139 spin_lock_init(&cma->mem_head_lock);
145 pr_err("CMA area %s could not be activated\n", cma->name);
151 static int __init cma_init_reserved_areas(void)
155 for (i = 0; i < cma_area_count; i++) {
156 int ret = cma_activate_area(&cma_areas[i]);
164 core_initcall(cma_init_reserved_areas);
167 * cma_init_reserved_mem() - create custom contiguous area from reserved memory
168 * @base: Base address of the reserved area
169 * @size: Size of the reserved area (in bytes),
170 * @order_per_bit: Order of pages represented by one bit on bitmap.
171 * @name: The name of the area. If this parameter is NULL, the name of
172 * the area will be set to "cmaN", where N is a running counter of
174 * @res_cma: Pointer to store the created cma region.
176 * This function creates custom contiguous area from already reserved memory.
178 int __init cma_init_reserved_mem(phys_addr_t base, phys_addr_t size,
179 unsigned int order_per_bit,
181 struct cma **res_cma)
184 phys_addr_t alignment;
187 if (cma_area_count == ARRAY_SIZE(cma_areas)) {
188 pr_err("Not enough slots for CMA reserved regions!\n");
192 if (!size || !memblock_is_region_reserved(base, size))
195 /* ensure minimal alignment required by mm core */
196 alignment = PAGE_SIZE <<
197 max_t(unsigned long, MAX_ORDER - 1, pageblock_order);
199 /* alignment should be aligned with order_per_bit */
200 if (!IS_ALIGNED(alignment >> PAGE_SHIFT, 1 << order_per_bit))
203 if (ALIGN(base, alignment) != base || ALIGN(size, alignment) != size)
207 * Each reserved area must be initialised later, when more kernel
208 * subsystems (like slab allocator) are available.
210 cma = &cma_areas[cma_area_count];
214 cma->name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "cma%d\n", cma_area_count);
218 cma->base_pfn = PFN_DOWN(base);
219 cma->count = size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
220 cma->order_per_bit = order_per_bit;
223 totalcma_pages += (size / PAGE_SIZE);
229 * cma_declare_contiguous() - reserve custom contiguous area
230 * @base: Base address of the reserved area optional, use 0 for any
231 * @size: Size of the reserved area (in bytes),
232 * @limit: End address of the reserved memory (optional, 0 for any).
233 * @alignment: Alignment for the CMA area, should be power of 2 or zero
234 * @order_per_bit: Order of pages represented by one bit on bitmap.
235 * @fixed: hint about where to place the reserved area
236 * @name: The name of the area. See function cma_init_reserved_mem()
237 * @res_cma: Pointer to store the created cma region.
239 * This function reserves memory from early allocator. It should be
240 * called by arch specific code once the early allocator (memblock or bootmem)
241 * has been activated and all other subsystems have already allocated/reserved
242 * memory. This function allows to create custom reserved areas.
244 * If @fixed is true, reserve contiguous area at exactly @base. If false,
245 * reserve in range from @base to @limit.
247 int __init cma_declare_contiguous(phys_addr_t base,
248 phys_addr_t size, phys_addr_t limit,
249 phys_addr_t alignment, unsigned int order_per_bit,
250 bool fixed, const char *name, struct cma **res_cma)
252 phys_addr_t memblock_end = memblock_end_of_DRAM();
253 phys_addr_t highmem_start;
257 * We can't use __pa(high_memory) directly, since high_memory
258 * isn't a valid direct map VA, and DEBUG_VIRTUAL will (validly)
259 * complain. Find the boundary by adding one to the last valid
262 highmem_start = __pa(high_memory - 1) + 1;
263 pr_debug("%s(size %pa, base %pa, limit %pa alignment %pa)\n",
264 __func__, &size, &base, &limit, &alignment);
266 if (cma_area_count == ARRAY_SIZE(cma_areas)) {
267 pr_err("Not enough slots for CMA reserved regions!\n");
274 if (alignment && !is_power_of_2(alignment))
278 * Sanitise input arguments.
279 * Pages both ends in CMA area could be merged into adjacent unmovable
280 * migratetype page by page allocator's buddy algorithm. In the case,
281 * you couldn't get a contiguous memory, which is not what we want.
283 alignment = max(alignment, (phys_addr_t)PAGE_SIZE <<
284 max_t(unsigned long, MAX_ORDER - 1, pageblock_order));
285 if (fixed && base & (alignment - 1)) {
287 pr_err("Region at %pa must be aligned to %pa bytes\n",
291 base = ALIGN(base, alignment);
292 size = ALIGN(size, alignment);
293 limit &= ~(alignment - 1);
298 /* size should be aligned with order_per_bit */
299 if (!IS_ALIGNED(size >> PAGE_SHIFT, 1 << order_per_bit))
303 * If allocating at a fixed base the request region must not cross the
304 * low/high memory boundary.
306 if (fixed && base < highmem_start && base + size > highmem_start) {
308 pr_err("Region at %pa defined on low/high memory boundary (%pa)\n",
309 &base, &highmem_start);
314 * If the limit is unspecified or above the memblock end, its effective
315 * value will be the memblock end. Set it explicitly to simplify further
318 if (limit == 0 || limit > memblock_end)
319 limit = memblock_end;
321 if (base + size > limit) {
323 pr_err("Size (%pa) of region at %pa exceeds limit (%pa)\n",
324 &size, &base, &limit);
330 if (memblock_is_region_reserved(base, size) ||
331 memblock_reserve(base, size) < 0) {
336 phys_addr_t addr = 0;
339 * All pages in the reserved area must come from the same zone.
340 * If the requested region crosses the low/high memory boundary,
341 * try allocating from high memory first and fall back to low
342 * memory in case of failure.
344 if (base < highmem_start && limit > highmem_start) {
345 addr = memblock_alloc_range(size, alignment,
346 highmem_start, limit,
348 limit = highmem_start;
352 addr = memblock_alloc_range(size, alignment, base,
362 * kmemleak scans/reads tracked objects for pointers to other
363 * objects but this address isn't mapped and accessible
365 kmemleak_ignore_phys(addr);
369 ret = cma_init_reserved_mem(base, size, order_per_bit, name, res_cma);
373 pr_info("Reserved %ld MiB at %pa\n", (unsigned long)size / SZ_1M,
378 memblock_free(base, size);
380 pr_err("Failed to reserve %ld MiB\n", (unsigned long)size / SZ_1M);
384 #ifdef CONFIG_CMA_DEBUG
385 static void cma_debug_show_areas(struct cma *cma)
387 unsigned long next_zero_bit, next_set_bit, nr_zero;
388 unsigned long start = 0;
389 unsigned long nr_part, nr_total = 0;
390 unsigned long nbits = cma_bitmap_maxno(cma);
392 mutex_lock(&cma->lock);
393 pr_info("number of available pages: ");
395 next_zero_bit = find_next_zero_bit(cma->bitmap, nbits, start);
396 if (next_zero_bit >= nbits)
398 next_set_bit = find_next_bit(cma->bitmap, nbits, next_zero_bit);
399 nr_zero = next_set_bit - next_zero_bit;
400 nr_part = nr_zero << cma->order_per_bit;
401 pr_cont("%s%lu@%lu", nr_total ? "+" : "", nr_part,
404 start = next_zero_bit + nr_zero;
406 pr_cont("=> %lu free of %lu total pages\n", nr_total, cma->count);
407 mutex_unlock(&cma->lock);
410 static inline void cma_debug_show_areas(struct cma *cma) { }
414 * cma_alloc() - allocate pages from contiguous area
415 * @cma: Contiguous memory region for which the allocation is performed.
416 * @count: Requested number of pages.
417 * @align: Requested alignment of pages (in PAGE_SIZE order).
418 * @no_warn: Avoid printing message about failed allocation
420 * This function allocates part of contiguous memory on specific
421 * contiguous memory area.
423 struct page *cma_alloc(struct cma *cma, size_t count, unsigned int align,
426 unsigned long mask, offset;
427 unsigned long pfn = -1;
428 unsigned long start = 0;
429 unsigned long bitmap_maxno, bitmap_no, bitmap_count;
430 struct page *page = NULL;
433 if (!cma || !cma->count)
436 pr_debug("%s(cma %p, count %zu, align %d)\n", __func__, (void *)cma,
442 mask = cma_bitmap_aligned_mask(cma, align);
443 offset = cma_bitmap_aligned_offset(cma, align);
444 bitmap_maxno = cma_bitmap_maxno(cma);
445 bitmap_count = cma_bitmap_pages_to_bits(cma, count);
447 if (bitmap_count > bitmap_maxno)
451 mutex_lock(&cma->lock);
452 bitmap_no = bitmap_find_next_zero_area_off(cma->bitmap,
453 bitmap_maxno, start, bitmap_count, mask,
455 if (bitmap_no >= bitmap_maxno) {
456 mutex_unlock(&cma->lock);
459 bitmap_set(cma->bitmap, bitmap_no, bitmap_count);
461 * It's safe to drop the lock here. We've marked this region for
462 * our exclusive use. If the migration fails we will take the
463 * lock again and unmark it.
465 mutex_unlock(&cma->lock);
467 pfn = cma->base_pfn + (bitmap_no << cma->order_per_bit);
468 mutex_lock(&cma_mutex);
469 ret = alloc_contig_range(pfn, pfn + count, MIGRATE_CMA,
470 GFP_KERNEL | (no_warn ? __GFP_NOWARN : 0));
471 mutex_unlock(&cma_mutex);
473 page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
477 cma_clear_bitmap(cma, pfn, count);
481 pr_debug("%s(): memory range at %p is busy, retrying\n",
482 __func__, pfn_to_page(pfn));
483 /* try again with a bit different memory target */
484 start = bitmap_no + mask + 1;
487 trace_cma_alloc(pfn, page, count, align);
489 if (ret && !no_warn) {
490 pr_err("%s: alloc failed, req-size: %zu pages, ret: %d\n",
491 __func__, count, ret);
492 cma_debug_show_areas(cma);
495 pr_debug("%s(): returned %p\n", __func__, page);
500 * cma_release() - release allocated pages
501 * @cma: Contiguous memory region for which the allocation is performed.
502 * @pages: Allocated pages.
503 * @count: Number of allocated pages.
505 * This function releases memory allocated by alloc_cma().
506 * It returns false when provided pages do not belong to contiguous area and
509 bool cma_release(struct cma *cma, const struct page *pages, unsigned int count)
516 pr_debug("%s(page %p)\n", __func__, (void *)pages);
518 pfn = page_to_pfn(pages);
520 if (pfn < cma->base_pfn || pfn >= cma->base_pfn + cma->count)
523 VM_BUG_ON(pfn + count > cma->base_pfn + cma->count);
525 free_contig_range(pfn, count);
526 cma_clear_bitmap(cma, pfn, count);
527 trace_cma_release(pfn, pages, count);
532 int cma_for_each_area(int (*it)(struct cma *cma, void *data), void *data)
536 for (i = 0; i < cma_area_count; i++) {
537 int ret = it(&cma_areas[i], data);