2 * bootmem - A boot-time physical memory allocator and configurator
4 * Copyright (C) 1999 Ingo Molnar
5 * 1999 Kanoj Sarcar, SGI
8 * Access to this subsystem has to be serialized externally (which is true
9 * for the boot process anyway).
11 #include <linux/init.h>
12 #include <linux/pfn.h>
13 #include <linux/slab.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/export.h>
16 #include <linux/kmemleak.h>
17 #include <linux/range.h>
18 #include <linux/memblock.h>
22 #include <asm/processor.h>
26 #ifndef CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES
27 struct pglist_data __refdata contig_page_data = {
28 .bdata = &bootmem_node_data[0]
30 EXPORT_SYMBOL(contig_page_data);
33 unsigned long max_low_pfn;
34 unsigned long min_low_pfn;
35 unsigned long max_pfn;
37 bootmem_data_t bootmem_node_data[MAX_NUMNODES] __initdata;
39 static struct list_head bdata_list __initdata = LIST_HEAD_INIT(bdata_list);
41 static int bootmem_debug;
43 static int __init bootmem_debug_setup(char *buf)
48 early_param("bootmem_debug", bootmem_debug_setup);
50 #define bdebug(fmt, args...) ({ \
51 if (unlikely(bootmem_debug)) \
57 static unsigned long __init bootmap_bytes(unsigned long pages)
59 unsigned long bytes = DIV_ROUND_UP(pages, 8);
61 return ALIGN(bytes, sizeof(long));
65 * bootmem_bootmap_pages - calculate bitmap size in pages
66 * @pages: number of pages the bitmap has to represent
68 unsigned long __init bootmem_bootmap_pages(unsigned long pages)
70 unsigned long bytes = bootmap_bytes(pages);
72 return PAGE_ALIGN(bytes) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
78 static void __init link_bootmem(bootmem_data_t *bdata)
82 list_for_each_entry(ent, &bdata_list, list) {
83 if (bdata->node_min_pfn < ent->node_min_pfn) {
84 list_add_tail(&bdata->list, &ent->list);
89 list_add_tail(&bdata->list, &bdata_list);
93 * Called once to set up the allocator itself.
95 static unsigned long __init init_bootmem_core(bootmem_data_t *bdata,
96 unsigned long mapstart, unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
98 unsigned long mapsize;
100 mminit_validate_memmodel_limits(&start, &end);
101 bdata->node_bootmem_map = phys_to_virt(PFN_PHYS(mapstart));
102 bdata->node_min_pfn = start;
103 bdata->node_low_pfn = end;
107 * Initially all pages are reserved - setup_arch() has to
108 * register free RAM areas explicitly.
110 mapsize = bootmap_bytes(end - start);
111 memset(bdata->node_bootmem_map, 0xff, mapsize);
113 bdebug("nid=%td start=%lx map=%lx end=%lx mapsize=%lx\n",
114 bdata - bootmem_node_data, start, mapstart, end, mapsize);
120 * init_bootmem_node - register a node as boot memory
121 * @pgdat: node to register
122 * @freepfn: pfn where the bitmap for this node is to be placed
123 * @startpfn: first pfn on the node
124 * @endpfn: first pfn after the node
126 * Returns the number of bytes needed to hold the bitmap for this node.
128 unsigned long __init init_bootmem_node(pg_data_t *pgdat, unsigned long freepfn,
129 unsigned long startpfn, unsigned long endpfn)
131 return init_bootmem_core(pgdat->bdata, freepfn, startpfn, endpfn);
135 * init_bootmem - register boot memory
136 * @start: pfn where the bitmap is to be placed
137 * @pages: number of available physical pages
139 * Returns the number of bytes needed to hold the bitmap.
141 unsigned long __init init_bootmem(unsigned long start, unsigned long pages)
145 return init_bootmem_core(NODE_DATA(0)->bdata, start, 0, pages);
149 * free_bootmem_late - free bootmem pages directly to page allocator
150 * @addr: starting physical address of the range
151 * @size: size of the range in bytes
153 * This is only useful when the bootmem allocator has already been torn
154 * down, but we are still initializing the system. Pages are given directly
155 * to the page allocator, no bootmem metadata is updated because it is gone.
157 void __init free_bootmem_late(unsigned long physaddr, unsigned long size)
159 unsigned long cursor, end;
161 kmemleak_free_part(__va(physaddr), size);
163 cursor = PFN_UP(physaddr);
164 end = PFN_DOWN(physaddr + size);
166 for (; cursor < end; cursor++) {
167 __free_pages_bootmem(pfn_to_page(cursor), 0);
172 static unsigned long __init free_all_bootmem_core(bootmem_data_t *bdata)
175 unsigned long start, end, pages, count = 0;
177 if (!bdata->node_bootmem_map)
180 start = bdata->node_min_pfn;
181 end = bdata->node_low_pfn;
183 bdebug("nid=%td start=%lx end=%lx\n",
184 bdata - bootmem_node_data, start, end);
186 while (start < end) {
187 unsigned long *map, idx, vec;
190 map = bdata->node_bootmem_map;
191 idx = start - bdata->node_min_pfn;
192 shift = idx & (BITS_PER_LONG - 1);
194 * vec holds at most BITS_PER_LONG map bits,
195 * bit 0 corresponds to start.
197 vec = ~map[idx / BITS_PER_LONG];
201 if (end - start >= BITS_PER_LONG)
202 vec |= ~map[idx / BITS_PER_LONG + 1] <<
203 (BITS_PER_LONG - shift);
206 * If we have a properly aligned and fully unreserved
207 * BITS_PER_LONG block of pages in front of us, free
210 if (IS_ALIGNED(start, BITS_PER_LONG) && vec == ~0UL) {
211 int order = ilog2(BITS_PER_LONG);
213 __free_pages_bootmem(pfn_to_page(start), order);
214 count += BITS_PER_LONG;
215 start += BITS_PER_LONG;
217 unsigned long cur = start;
219 start = ALIGN(start + 1, BITS_PER_LONG);
220 while (vec && cur != start) {
222 page = pfn_to_page(cur);
223 __free_pages_bootmem(page, 0);
232 page = virt_to_page(bdata->node_bootmem_map);
233 pages = bdata->node_low_pfn - bdata->node_min_pfn;
234 pages = bootmem_bootmap_pages(pages);
237 __free_pages_bootmem(page++, 0);
239 bdebug("nid=%td released=%lx\n", bdata - bootmem_node_data, count);
244 static void reset_node_lowmem_managed_pages(pg_data_t *pgdat)
249 * In free_area_init_core(), highmem zone's managed_pages is set to
250 * present_pages, and bootmem allocator doesn't allocate from highmem
251 * zones. So there's no need to recalculate managed_pages because all
252 * highmem pages will be managed by the buddy system. Here highmem
253 * zone also includes highmem movable zone.
255 for (z = pgdat->node_zones; z < pgdat->node_zones + MAX_NR_ZONES; z++)
257 z->managed_pages = 0;
261 * free_all_bootmem_node - release a node's free pages to the buddy allocator
262 * @pgdat: node to be released
264 * Returns the number of pages actually released.
266 unsigned long __init free_all_bootmem_node(pg_data_t *pgdat)
268 register_page_bootmem_info_node(pgdat);
269 reset_node_lowmem_managed_pages(pgdat);
270 return free_all_bootmem_core(pgdat->bdata);
274 * free_all_bootmem - release free pages to the buddy allocator
276 * Returns the number of pages actually released.
278 unsigned long __init free_all_bootmem(void)
280 unsigned long total_pages = 0;
281 bootmem_data_t *bdata;
282 struct pglist_data *pgdat;
284 for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat)
285 reset_node_lowmem_managed_pages(pgdat);
287 list_for_each_entry(bdata, &bdata_list, list)
288 total_pages += free_all_bootmem_core(bdata);
293 static void __init __free(bootmem_data_t *bdata,
294 unsigned long sidx, unsigned long eidx)
298 bdebug("nid=%td start=%lx end=%lx\n", bdata - bootmem_node_data,
299 sidx + bdata->node_min_pfn,
300 eidx + bdata->node_min_pfn);
302 if (bdata->hint_idx > sidx)
303 bdata->hint_idx = sidx;
305 for (idx = sidx; idx < eidx; idx++)
306 if (!test_and_clear_bit(idx, bdata->node_bootmem_map))
310 static int __init __reserve(bootmem_data_t *bdata, unsigned long sidx,
311 unsigned long eidx, int flags)
314 int exclusive = flags & BOOTMEM_EXCLUSIVE;
316 bdebug("nid=%td start=%lx end=%lx flags=%x\n",
317 bdata - bootmem_node_data,
318 sidx + bdata->node_min_pfn,
319 eidx + bdata->node_min_pfn,
322 for (idx = sidx; idx < eidx; idx++)
323 if (test_and_set_bit(idx, bdata->node_bootmem_map)) {
325 __free(bdata, sidx, idx);
328 bdebug("silent double reserve of PFN %lx\n",
329 idx + bdata->node_min_pfn);
334 static int __init mark_bootmem_node(bootmem_data_t *bdata,
335 unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
336 int reserve, int flags)
338 unsigned long sidx, eidx;
340 bdebug("nid=%td start=%lx end=%lx reserve=%d flags=%x\n",
341 bdata - bootmem_node_data, start, end, reserve, flags);
343 BUG_ON(start < bdata->node_min_pfn);
344 BUG_ON(end > bdata->node_low_pfn);
346 sidx = start - bdata->node_min_pfn;
347 eidx = end - bdata->node_min_pfn;
350 return __reserve(bdata, sidx, eidx, flags);
352 __free(bdata, sidx, eidx);
356 static int __init mark_bootmem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
357 int reserve, int flags)
360 bootmem_data_t *bdata;
363 list_for_each_entry(bdata, &bdata_list, list) {
367 if (pos < bdata->node_min_pfn ||
368 pos >= bdata->node_low_pfn) {
369 BUG_ON(pos != start);
373 max = min(bdata->node_low_pfn, end);
375 err = mark_bootmem_node(bdata, pos, max, reserve, flags);
376 if (reserve && err) {
377 mark_bootmem(start, pos, 0, 0);
383 pos = bdata->node_low_pfn;
389 * free_bootmem_node - mark a page range as usable
390 * @pgdat: node the range resides on
391 * @physaddr: starting address of the range
392 * @size: size of the range in bytes
394 * Partial pages will be considered reserved and left as they are.
396 * The range must reside completely on the specified node.
398 void __init free_bootmem_node(pg_data_t *pgdat, unsigned long physaddr,
401 unsigned long start, end;
403 kmemleak_free_part(__va(physaddr), size);
405 start = PFN_UP(physaddr);
406 end = PFN_DOWN(physaddr + size);
408 mark_bootmem_node(pgdat->bdata, start, end, 0, 0);
412 * free_bootmem - mark a page range as usable
413 * @addr: starting physical address of the range
414 * @size: size of the range in bytes
416 * Partial pages will be considered reserved and left as they are.
418 * The range must be contiguous but may span node boundaries.
420 void __init free_bootmem(unsigned long physaddr, unsigned long size)
422 unsigned long start, end;
424 kmemleak_free_part(__va(physaddr), size);
426 start = PFN_UP(physaddr);
427 end = PFN_DOWN(physaddr + size);
429 mark_bootmem(start, end, 0, 0);
433 * reserve_bootmem_node - mark a page range as reserved
434 * @pgdat: node the range resides on
435 * @physaddr: starting address of the range
436 * @size: size of the range in bytes
437 * @flags: reservation flags (see linux/bootmem.h)
439 * Partial pages will be reserved.
441 * The range must reside completely on the specified node.
443 int __init reserve_bootmem_node(pg_data_t *pgdat, unsigned long physaddr,
444 unsigned long size, int flags)
446 unsigned long start, end;
448 start = PFN_DOWN(physaddr);
449 end = PFN_UP(physaddr + size);
451 return mark_bootmem_node(pgdat->bdata, start, end, 1, flags);
455 * reserve_bootmem - mark a page range as reserved
456 * @addr: starting address of the range
457 * @size: size of the range in bytes
458 * @flags: reservation flags (see linux/bootmem.h)
460 * Partial pages will be reserved.
462 * The range must be contiguous but may span node boundaries.
464 int __init reserve_bootmem(unsigned long addr, unsigned long size,
467 unsigned long start, end;
469 start = PFN_DOWN(addr);
470 end = PFN_UP(addr + size);
472 return mark_bootmem(start, end, 1, flags);
475 static unsigned long __init align_idx(struct bootmem_data *bdata,
476 unsigned long idx, unsigned long step)
478 unsigned long base = bdata->node_min_pfn;
481 * Align the index with respect to the node start so that the
482 * combination of both satisfies the requested alignment.
485 return ALIGN(base + idx, step) - base;
488 static unsigned long __init align_off(struct bootmem_data *bdata,
489 unsigned long off, unsigned long align)
491 unsigned long base = PFN_PHYS(bdata->node_min_pfn);
493 /* Same as align_idx for byte offsets */
495 return ALIGN(base + off, align) - base;
498 static void * __init alloc_bootmem_bdata(struct bootmem_data *bdata,
499 unsigned long size, unsigned long align,
500 unsigned long goal, unsigned long limit)
502 unsigned long fallback = 0;
503 unsigned long min, max, start, sidx, midx, step;
505 bdebug("nid=%td size=%lx [%lu pages] align=%lx goal=%lx limit=%lx\n",
506 bdata - bootmem_node_data, size, PAGE_ALIGN(size) >> PAGE_SHIFT,
510 BUG_ON(align & (align - 1));
511 BUG_ON(limit && goal + size > limit);
513 if (!bdata->node_bootmem_map)
516 min = bdata->node_min_pfn;
517 max = bdata->node_low_pfn;
520 limit >>= PAGE_SHIFT;
522 if (limit && max > limit)
527 step = max(align >> PAGE_SHIFT, 1UL);
529 if (goal && min < goal && goal < max)
530 start = ALIGN(goal, step);
532 start = ALIGN(min, step);
534 sidx = start - bdata->node_min_pfn;
535 midx = max - bdata->node_min_pfn;
537 if (bdata->hint_idx > sidx) {
539 * Handle the valid case of sidx being zero and still
540 * catch the fallback below.
543 sidx = align_idx(bdata, bdata->hint_idx, step);
549 unsigned long eidx, i, start_off, end_off;
551 sidx = find_next_zero_bit(bdata->node_bootmem_map, midx, sidx);
552 sidx = align_idx(bdata, sidx, step);
553 eidx = sidx + PFN_UP(size);
555 if (sidx >= midx || eidx > midx)
558 for (i = sidx; i < eidx; i++)
559 if (test_bit(i, bdata->node_bootmem_map)) {
560 sidx = align_idx(bdata, i, step);
566 if (bdata->last_end_off & (PAGE_SIZE - 1) &&
567 PFN_DOWN(bdata->last_end_off) + 1 == sidx)
568 start_off = align_off(bdata, bdata->last_end_off, align);
570 start_off = PFN_PHYS(sidx);
572 merge = PFN_DOWN(start_off) < sidx;
573 end_off = start_off + size;
575 bdata->last_end_off = end_off;
576 bdata->hint_idx = PFN_UP(end_off);
579 * Reserve the area now:
581 if (__reserve(bdata, PFN_DOWN(start_off) + merge,
582 PFN_UP(end_off), BOOTMEM_EXCLUSIVE))
585 region = phys_to_virt(PFN_PHYS(bdata->node_min_pfn) +
587 memset(region, 0, size);
589 * The min_count is set to 0 so that bootmem allocated blocks
590 * are never reported as leaks.
592 kmemleak_alloc(region, size, 0, 0);
597 sidx = align_idx(bdata, fallback - 1, step);
605 static void * __init alloc_bootmem_core(unsigned long size,
610 bootmem_data_t *bdata;
613 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(slab_is_available()))
614 return kzalloc(size, GFP_NOWAIT);
616 list_for_each_entry(bdata, &bdata_list, list) {
617 if (goal && bdata->node_low_pfn <= PFN_DOWN(goal))
619 if (limit && bdata->node_min_pfn >= PFN_DOWN(limit))
622 region = alloc_bootmem_bdata(bdata, size, align, goal, limit);
630 static void * __init ___alloc_bootmem_nopanic(unsigned long size,
638 ptr = alloc_bootmem_core(size, align, goal, limit);
650 * __alloc_bootmem_nopanic - allocate boot memory without panicking
651 * @size: size of the request in bytes
652 * @align: alignment of the region
653 * @goal: preferred starting address of the region
655 * The goal is dropped if it can not be satisfied and the allocation will
656 * fall back to memory below @goal.
658 * Allocation may happen on any node in the system.
660 * Returns NULL on failure.
662 void * __init __alloc_bootmem_nopanic(unsigned long size, unsigned long align,
665 unsigned long limit = 0;
667 return ___alloc_bootmem_nopanic(size, align, goal, limit);
670 static void * __init ___alloc_bootmem(unsigned long size, unsigned long align,
671 unsigned long goal, unsigned long limit)
673 void *mem = ___alloc_bootmem_nopanic(size, align, goal, limit);
678 * Whoops, we cannot satisfy the allocation request.
680 printk(KERN_ALERT "bootmem alloc of %lu bytes failed!\n", size);
681 panic("Out of memory");
686 * __alloc_bootmem - allocate boot memory
687 * @size: size of the request in bytes
688 * @align: alignment of the region
689 * @goal: preferred starting address of the region
691 * The goal is dropped if it can not be satisfied and the allocation will
692 * fall back to memory below @goal.
694 * Allocation may happen on any node in the system.
696 * The function panics if the request can not be satisfied.
698 void * __init __alloc_bootmem(unsigned long size, unsigned long align,
701 unsigned long limit = 0;
703 return ___alloc_bootmem(size, align, goal, limit);
706 void * __init ___alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic(pg_data_t *pgdat,
707 unsigned long size, unsigned long align,
708 unsigned long goal, unsigned long limit)
712 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(slab_is_available()))
713 return kzalloc(size, GFP_NOWAIT);
716 /* do not panic in alloc_bootmem_bdata() */
717 if (limit && goal + size > limit)
720 ptr = alloc_bootmem_bdata(pgdat->bdata, size, align, goal, limit);
724 ptr = alloc_bootmem_core(size, align, goal, limit);
736 void * __init __alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic(pg_data_t *pgdat, unsigned long size,
737 unsigned long align, unsigned long goal)
739 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(slab_is_available()))
740 return kzalloc_node(size, GFP_NOWAIT, pgdat->node_id);
742 return ___alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic(pgdat, size, align, goal, 0);
745 void * __init ___alloc_bootmem_node(pg_data_t *pgdat, unsigned long size,
746 unsigned long align, unsigned long goal,
751 ptr = ___alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic(pgdat, size, align, goal, 0);
755 printk(KERN_ALERT "bootmem alloc of %lu bytes failed!\n", size);
756 panic("Out of memory");
761 * __alloc_bootmem_node - allocate boot memory from a specific node
762 * @pgdat: node to allocate from
763 * @size: size of the request in bytes
764 * @align: alignment of the region
765 * @goal: preferred starting address of the region
767 * The goal is dropped if it can not be satisfied and the allocation will
768 * fall back to memory below @goal.
770 * Allocation may fall back to any node in the system if the specified node
771 * can not hold the requested memory.
773 * The function panics if the request can not be satisfied.
775 void * __init __alloc_bootmem_node(pg_data_t *pgdat, unsigned long size,
776 unsigned long align, unsigned long goal)
778 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(slab_is_available()))
779 return kzalloc_node(size, GFP_NOWAIT, pgdat->node_id);
781 return ___alloc_bootmem_node(pgdat, size, align, goal, 0);
784 void * __init __alloc_bootmem_node_high(pg_data_t *pgdat, unsigned long size,
785 unsigned long align, unsigned long goal)
788 unsigned long end_pfn;
790 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(slab_is_available()))
791 return kzalloc_node(size, GFP_NOWAIT, pgdat->node_id);
793 /* update goal according ...MAX_DMA32_PFN */
794 end_pfn = pgdat->node_start_pfn + pgdat->node_spanned_pages;
796 if (end_pfn > MAX_DMA32_PFN + (128 >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT)) &&
797 (goal >> PAGE_SHIFT) < MAX_DMA32_PFN) {
799 unsigned long new_goal;
801 new_goal = MAX_DMA32_PFN << PAGE_SHIFT;
802 ptr = alloc_bootmem_bdata(pgdat->bdata, size, align,
809 return __alloc_bootmem_node(pgdat, size, align, goal);
813 #ifndef ARCH_LOW_ADDRESS_LIMIT
814 #define ARCH_LOW_ADDRESS_LIMIT 0xffffffffUL
818 * __alloc_bootmem_low - allocate low boot memory
819 * @size: size of the request in bytes
820 * @align: alignment of the region
821 * @goal: preferred starting address of the region
823 * The goal is dropped if it can not be satisfied and the allocation will
824 * fall back to memory below @goal.
826 * Allocation may happen on any node in the system.
828 * The function panics if the request can not be satisfied.
830 void * __init __alloc_bootmem_low(unsigned long size, unsigned long align,
833 return ___alloc_bootmem(size, align, goal, ARCH_LOW_ADDRESS_LIMIT);
836 void * __init __alloc_bootmem_low_nopanic(unsigned long size,
840 return ___alloc_bootmem_nopanic(size, align, goal,
841 ARCH_LOW_ADDRESS_LIMIT);
845 * __alloc_bootmem_low_node - allocate low boot memory from a specific node
846 * @pgdat: node to allocate from
847 * @size: size of the request in bytes
848 * @align: alignment of the region
849 * @goal: preferred starting address of the region
851 * The goal is dropped if it can not be satisfied and the allocation will
852 * fall back to memory below @goal.
854 * Allocation may fall back to any node in the system if the specified node
855 * can not hold the requested memory.
857 * The function panics if the request can not be satisfied.
859 void * __init __alloc_bootmem_low_node(pg_data_t *pgdat, unsigned long size,
860 unsigned long align, unsigned long goal)
862 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(slab_is_available()))
863 return kzalloc_node(size, GFP_NOWAIT, pgdat->node_id);
865 return ___alloc_bootmem_node(pgdat, size, align,
866 goal, ARCH_LOW_ADDRESS_LIMIT);