2 #include <linux/wait.h>
3 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
4 #include <linux/kthread.h>
5 #include <linux/freezer.h>
7 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
9 #include <linux/sched.h>
10 #include <linux/module.h>
11 #include <linux/writeback.h>
12 #include <linux/device.h>
13 #include <trace/events/writeback.h>
15 static atomic_long_t bdi_seq = ATOMIC_LONG_INIT(0);
17 struct backing_dev_info default_backing_dev_info = {
19 .ra_pages = VM_MAX_READAHEAD * 1024 / PAGE_CACHE_SIZE,
21 .capabilities = BDI_CAP_MAP_COPY,
23 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(default_backing_dev_info);
25 struct backing_dev_info noop_backing_dev_info = {
27 .capabilities = BDI_CAP_NO_ACCT_AND_WRITEBACK,
29 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(noop_backing_dev_info);
31 static struct class *bdi_class;
34 * bdi_lock protects updates to bdi_list. bdi_list has RCU reader side
37 DEFINE_SPINLOCK(bdi_lock);
40 /* bdi_wq serves all asynchronous writeback tasks */
41 struct workqueue_struct *bdi_wq;
43 void bdi_lock_two(struct bdi_writeback *wb1, struct bdi_writeback *wb2)
46 spin_lock(&wb1->list_lock);
47 spin_lock_nested(&wb2->list_lock, 1);
49 spin_lock(&wb2->list_lock);
50 spin_lock_nested(&wb1->list_lock, 1);
54 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
55 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
56 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
58 static struct dentry *bdi_debug_root;
60 static void bdi_debug_init(void)
62 bdi_debug_root = debugfs_create_dir("bdi", NULL);
65 static int bdi_debug_stats_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
67 struct backing_dev_info *bdi = m->private;
68 struct bdi_writeback *wb = &bdi->wb;
69 unsigned long background_thresh;
70 unsigned long dirty_thresh;
71 unsigned long bdi_thresh;
72 unsigned long nr_dirty, nr_io, nr_more_io;
75 nr_dirty = nr_io = nr_more_io = 0;
76 spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
77 list_for_each_entry(inode, &wb->b_dirty, i_wb_list)
79 list_for_each_entry(inode, &wb->b_io, i_wb_list)
81 list_for_each_entry(inode, &wb->b_more_io, i_wb_list)
83 spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
85 global_dirty_limits(&background_thresh, &dirty_thresh);
86 bdi_thresh = bdi_dirty_limit(bdi, dirty_thresh);
88 #define K(x) ((x) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10))
90 "BdiWriteback: %10lu kB\n"
91 "BdiReclaimable: %10lu kB\n"
92 "BdiDirtyThresh: %10lu kB\n"
93 "DirtyThresh: %10lu kB\n"
94 "BackgroundThresh: %10lu kB\n"
95 "BdiDirtied: %10lu kB\n"
96 "BdiWritten: %10lu kB\n"
97 "BdiWriteBandwidth: %10lu kBps\n"
103 (unsigned long) K(bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_WRITEBACK)),
104 (unsigned long) K(bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_RECLAIMABLE)),
107 K(background_thresh),
108 (unsigned long) K(bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_DIRTIED)),
109 (unsigned long) K(bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_WRITTEN)),
110 (unsigned long) K(bdi->write_bandwidth),
114 !list_empty(&bdi->bdi_list), bdi->state);
120 static int bdi_debug_stats_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
122 return single_open(file, bdi_debug_stats_show, inode->i_private);
125 static const struct file_operations bdi_debug_stats_fops = {
126 .open = bdi_debug_stats_open,
129 .release = single_release,
132 static void bdi_debug_register(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, const char *name)
134 bdi->debug_dir = debugfs_create_dir(name, bdi_debug_root);
135 bdi->debug_stats = debugfs_create_file("stats", 0444, bdi->debug_dir,
136 bdi, &bdi_debug_stats_fops);
139 static void bdi_debug_unregister(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
141 debugfs_remove(bdi->debug_stats);
142 debugfs_remove(bdi->debug_dir);
145 static inline void bdi_debug_init(void)
148 static inline void bdi_debug_register(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
152 static inline void bdi_debug_unregister(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
157 static ssize_t read_ahead_kb_store(struct device *dev,
158 struct device_attribute *attr,
159 const char *buf, size_t count)
161 struct backing_dev_info *bdi = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
162 unsigned long read_ahead_kb;
165 ret = kstrtoul(buf, 10, &read_ahead_kb);
169 bdi->ra_pages = read_ahead_kb >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);
174 #define K(pages) ((pages) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10))
176 #define BDI_SHOW(name, expr) \
177 static ssize_t name##_show(struct device *dev, \
178 struct device_attribute *attr, char *page) \
180 struct backing_dev_info *bdi = dev_get_drvdata(dev); \
182 return snprintf(page, PAGE_SIZE-1, "%lld\n", (long long)expr); \
185 BDI_SHOW(read_ahead_kb, K(bdi->ra_pages))
187 static ssize_t min_ratio_store(struct device *dev,
188 struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
190 struct backing_dev_info *bdi = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
194 ret = kstrtouint(buf, 10, &ratio);
198 ret = bdi_set_min_ratio(bdi, ratio);
204 BDI_SHOW(min_ratio, bdi->min_ratio)
206 static ssize_t max_ratio_store(struct device *dev,
207 struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
209 struct backing_dev_info *bdi = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
213 ret = kstrtouint(buf, 10, &ratio);
217 ret = bdi_set_max_ratio(bdi, ratio);
223 BDI_SHOW(max_ratio, bdi->max_ratio)
225 static ssize_t stable_pages_required_show(struct device *dev,
226 struct device_attribute *attr,
229 struct backing_dev_info *bdi = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
231 return snprintf(page, PAGE_SIZE-1, "%d\n",
232 bdi_cap_stable_pages_required(bdi) ? 1 : 0);
235 #define __ATTR_RW(attr) __ATTR(attr, 0644, attr##_show, attr##_store)
237 static struct device_attribute bdi_dev_attrs[] = {
238 __ATTR_RW(read_ahead_kb),
239 __ATTR_RW(min_ratio),
240 __ATTR_RW(max_ratio),
241 __ATTR_RO(stable_pages_required),
245 static __init int bdi_class_init(void)
247 bdi_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "bdi");
248 if (IS_ERR(bdi_class))
249 return PTR_ERR(bdi_class);
251 bdi_class->dev_attrs = bdi_dev_attrs;
255 postcore_initcall(bdi_class_init);
257 static int __init default_bdi_init(void)
261 bdi_wq = alloc_workqueue("writeback", WQ_MEM_RECLAIM | WQ_FREEZABLE |
262 WQ_UNBOUND | WQ_SYSFS, 0);
266 err = bdi_init(&default_backing_dev_info);
268 bdi_register(&default_backing_dev_info, NULL, "default");
269 err = bdi_init(&noop_backing_dev_info);
273 subsys_initcall(default_bdi_init);
275 int bdi_has_dirty_io(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
277 return wb_has_dirty_io(&bdi->wb);
281 * This function is used when the first inode for this bdi is marked dirty. It
282 * wakes-up the corresponding bdi thread which should then take care of the
283 * periodic background write-out of dirty inodes. Since the write-out would
284 * starts only 'dirty_writeback_interval' centisecs from now anyway, we just
285 * set up a timer which wakes the bdi thread up later.
287 * Note, we wouldn't bother setting up the timer, but this function is on the
288 * fast-path (used by '__mark_inode_dirty()'), so we save few context switches
289 * by delaying the wake-up.
291 void bdi_wakeup_thread_delayed(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
293 unsigned long timeout;
295 timeout = msecs_to_jiffies(dirty_writeback_interval * 10);
296 mod_delayed_work(bdi_wq, &bdi->wb.dwork, timeout);
300 * Remove bdi from bdi_list, and ensure that it is no longer visible
302 static void bdi_remove_from_list(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
304 spin_lock_bh(&bdi_lock);
305 list_del_rcu(&bdi->bdi_list);
306 spin_unlock_bh(&bdi_lock);
308 synchronize_rcu_expedited();
310 /* bdi_list is now unused, clear it to mark @bdi dying */
311 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bdi->bdi_list);
314 int bdi_register(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, struct device *parent,
315 const char *fmt, ...)
320 if (bdi->dev) /* The driver needs to use separate queues per device */
324 dev = device_create_vargs(bdi_class, parent, MKDEV(0, 0), bdi, fmt, args);
331 bdi_debug_register(bdi, dev_name(dev));
332 set_bit(BDI_registered, &bdi->state);
334 spin_lock_bh(&bdi_lock);
335 list_add_tail_rcu(&bdi->bdi_list, &bdi_list);
336 spin_unlock_bh(&bdi_lock);
338 trace_writeback_bdi_register(bdi);
341 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdi_register);
343 int bdi_register_dev(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, dev_t dev)
345 return bdi_register(bdi, NULL, "%u:%u", MAJOR(dev), MINOR(dev));
347 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdi_register_dev);
350 * Remove bdi from the global list and shutdown any threads we have running
352 static void bdi_wb_shutdown(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
354 if (!bdi_cap_writeback_dirty(bdi))
358 * Make sure nobody finds us on the bdi_list anymore
360 bdi_remove_from_list(bdi);
363 * Drain work list and shutdown the delayed_work. At this point,
364 * @bdi->bdi_list is empty telling bdi_Writeback_workfn() that @bdi
365 * is dying and its work_list needs to be drained no matter what.
367 mod_delayed_work(bdi_wq, &bdi->wb.dwork, 0);
368 flush_delayed_work(&bdi->wb.dwork);
369 WARN_ON(!list_empty(&bdi->work_list));
372 * This shouldn't be necessary unless @bdi for some reason has
373 * unflushed dirty IO after work_list is drained. Do it anyway
376 cancel_delayed_work_sync(&bdi->wb.dwork);
380 * This bdi is going away now, make sure that no super_blocks point to it
382 static void bdi_prune_sb(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
384 struct super_block *sb;
387 list_for_each_entry(sb, &super_blocks, s_list) {
388 if (sb->s_bdi == bdi)
389 sb->s_bdi = &default_backing_dev_info;
391 spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
394 void bdi_unregister(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
396 struct device *dev = bdi->dev;
399 bdi_set_min_ratio(bdi, 0);
400 trace_writeback_bdi_unregister(bdi);
403 bdi_wb_shutdown(bdi);
404 bdi_debug_unregister(bdi);
406 spin_lock_bh(&bdi->wb_lock);
408 spin_unlock_bh(&bdi->wb_lock);
410 device_unregister(dev);
413 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdi_unregister);
415 static void bdi_wb_init(struct bdi_writeback *wb, struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
417 memset(wb, 0, sizeof(*wb));
420 wb->last_old_flush = jiffies;
421 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&wb->b_dirty);
422 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&wb->b_io);
423 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&wb->b_more_io);
424 spin_lock_init(&wb->list_lock);
425 INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&wb->dwork, bdi_writeback_workfn);
429 * Initial write bandwidth: 100 MB/s
431 #define INIT_BW (100 << (20 - PAGE_SHIFT))
433 int bdi_init(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
440 bdi->max_ratio = 100;
441 bdi->max_prop_frac = FPROP_FRAC_BASE;
442 spin_lock_init(&bdi->wb_lock);
443 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bdi->bdi_list);
444 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bdi->work_list);
446 bdi_wb_init(&bdi->wb, bdi);
448 for (i = 0; i < NR_BDI_STAT_ITEMS; i++) {
449 err = percpu_counter_init(&bdi->bdi_stat[i], 0);
454 bdi->dirty_exceeded = 0;
456 bdi->bw_time_stamp = jiffies;
457 bdi->written_stamp = 0;
459 bdi->balanced_dirty_ratelimit = INIT_BW;
460 bdi->dirty_ratelimit = INIT_BW;
461 bdi->write_bandwidth = INIT_BW;
462 bdi->avg_write_bandwidth = INIT_BW;
464 err = fprop_local_init_percpu(&bdi->completions);
469 percpu_counter_destroy(&bdi->bdi_stat[i]);
474 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdi_init);
476 void bdi_destroy(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
481 * Splice our entries to the default_backing_dev_info, if this
484 if (bdi_has_dirty_io(bdi)) {
485 struct bdi_writeback *dst = &default_backing_dev_info.wb;
487 bdi_lock_two(&bdi->wb, dst);
488 list_splice(&bdi->wb.b_dirty, &dst->b_dirty);
489 list_splice(&bdi->wb.b_io, &dst->b_io);
490 list_splice(&bdi->wb.b_more_io, &dst->b_more_io);
491 spin_unlock(&bdi->wb.list_lock);
492 spin_unlock(&dst->list_lock);
498 * If bdi_unregister() had already been called earlier, the dwork
499 * could still be pending because bdi_prune_sb() can race with the
500 * bdi_wakeup_thread_delayed() calls from __mark_inode_dirty().
502 cancel_delayed_work_sync(&bdi->wb.dwork);
504 for (i = 0; i < NR_BDI_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
505 percpu_counter_destroy(&bdi->bdi_stat[i]);
507 fprop_local_destroy_percpu(&bdi->completions);
509 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdi_destroy);
512 * For use from filesystems to quickly init and register a bdi associated
513 * with dirty writeback
515 int bdi_setup_and_register(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, char *name,
521 bdi->capabilities = cap;
526 err = bdi_register(bdi, NULL, "%.28s-%ld", name,
527 atomic_long_inc_return(&bdi_seq));
535 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdi_setup_and_register);
537 static wait_queue_head_t congestion_wqh[2] = {
538 __WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_INITIALIZER(congestion_wqh[0]),
539 __WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_INITIALIZER(congestion_wqh[1])
541 static atomic_t nr_bdi_congested[2];
543 void clear_bdi_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int sync)
546 wait_queue_head_t *wqh = &congestion_wqh[sync];
548 bit = sync ? BDI_sync_congested : BDI_async_congested;
549 if (test_and_clear_bit(bit, &bdi->state))
550 atomic_dec(&nr_bdi_congested[sync]);
551 smp_mb__after_clear_bit();
552 if (waitqueue_active(wqh))
555 EXPORT_SYMBOL(clear_bdi_congested);
557 void set_bdi_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int sync)
561 bit = sync ? BDI_sync_congested : BDI_async_congested;
562 if (!test_and_set_bit(bit, &bdi->state))
563 atomic_inc(&nr_bdi_congested[sync]);
565 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_bdi_congested);
568 * congestion_wait - wait for a backing_dev to become uncongested
569 * @sync: SYNC or ASYNC IO
570 * @timeout: timeout in jiffies
572 * Waits for up to @timeout jiffies for a backing_dev (any backing_dev) to exit
573 * write congestion. If no backing_devs are congested then just wait for the
574 * next write to be completed.
576 long congestion_wait(int sync, long timeout)
579 unsigned long start = jiffies;
581 wait_queue_head_t *wqh = &congestion_wqh[sync];
583 prepare_to_wait(wqh, &wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
584 ret = io_schedule_timeout(timeout);
585 finish_wait(wqh, &wait);
587 trace_writeback_congestion_wait(jiffies_to_usecs(timeout),
588 jiffies_to_usecs(jiffies - start));
592 EXPORT_SYMBOL(congestion_wait);
595 * wait_iff_congested - Conditionally wait for a backing_dev to become uncongested or a zone to complete writes
596 * @zone: A zone to check if it is heavily congested
597 * @sync: SYNC or ASYNC IO
598 * @timeout: timeout in jiffies
600 * In the event of a congested backing_dev (any backing_dev) and the given
601 * @zone has experienced recent congestion, this waits for up to @timeout
602 * jiffies for either a BDI to exit congestion of the given @sync queue
603 * or a write to complete.
605 * In the absence of zone congestion, cond_resched() is called to yield
606 * the processor if necessary but otherwise does not sleep.
608 * The return value is 0 if the sleep is for the full timeout. Otherwise,
609 * it is the number of jiffies that were still remaining when the function
610 * returned. return_value == timeout implies the function did not sleep.
612 long wait_iff_congested(struct zone *zone, int sync, long timeout)
615 unsigned long start = jiffies;
617 wait_queue_head_t *wqh = &congestion_wqh[sync];
620 * If there is no congestion, or heavy congestion is not being
621 * encountered in the current zone, yield if necessary instead
622 * of sleeping on the congestion queue
624 if (atomic_read(&nr_bdi_congested[sync]) == 0 ||
625 !zone_is_reclaim_congested(zone)) {
628 /* In case we scheduled, work out time remaining */
629 ret = timeout - (jiffies - start);
636 /* Sleep until uncongested or a write happens */
637 prepare_to_wait(wqh, &wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
638 ret = io_schedule_timeout(timeout);
639 finish_wait(wqh, &wait);
642 trace_writeback_wait_iff_congested(jiffies_to_usecs(timeout),
643 jiffies_to_usecs(jiffies - start));
647 EXPORT_SYMBOL(wait_iff_congested);
649 int pdflush_proc_obsolete(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
650 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
659 if (copy_to_user(buffer, kbuf, sizeof(kbuf)))
661 printk_once(KERN_WARNING "%s exported in /proc is scheduled for removal\n",