1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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3 # Copyright © 2006-2009 Steven J. Bethard <steven.bethard@gmail.com>.
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5 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
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6 # use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy
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9 # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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11 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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12 # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
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13 # WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
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14 # License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
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15 # under the License.
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17 """Command-line parsing library
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19 This module is an optparse-inspired command-line parsing library that:
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21 - handles both optional and positional arguments
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22 - produces highly informative usage messages
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23 - supports parsers that dispatch to sub-parsers
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25 The following is a simple usage example that sums integers from the
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26 command-line and writes the result to a file::
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28 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
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29 description='sum the integers at the command line')
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30 parser.add_argument(
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31 'integers', metavar='int', nargs='+', type=int,
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32 help='an integer to be summed')
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33 parser.add_argument(
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34 '--log', default=sys.stdout, type=argparse.FileType('w'),
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35 help='the file where the sum should be written')
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36 args = parser.parse_args()
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37 args.log.write('%s' % sum(args.integers))
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40 The module contains the following public classes:
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42 - ArgumentParser -- The main entry point for command-line parsing. As the
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43 example above shows, the add_argument() method is used to populate
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44 the parser with actions for optional and positional arguments. Then
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45 the parse_args() method is invoked to convert the args at the
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46 command-line into an object with attributes.
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48 - ArgumentError -- The exception raised by ArgumentParser objects when
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49 there are errors with the parser's actions. Errors raised while
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50 parsing the command-line are caught by ArgumentParser and emitted
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51 as command-line messages.
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53 - FileType -- A factory for defining types of files to be created. As the
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54 example above shows, instances of FileType are typically passed as
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55 the type= argument of add_argument() calls.
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57 - Action -- The base class for parser actions. Typically actions are
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58 selected by passing strings like 'store_true' or 'append_const' to
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59 the action= argument of add_argument(). However, for greater
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60 customization of ArgumentParser actions, subclasses of Action may
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61 be defined and passed as the action= argument.
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63 - HelpFormatter, RawDescriptionHelpFormatter, RawTextHelpFormatter,
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64 ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter -- Formatter classes which
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65 may be passed as the formatter_class= argument to the
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66 ArgumentParser constructor. HelpFormatter is the default,
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67 RawDescriptionHelpFormatter and RawTextHelpFormatter tell the parser
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68 not to change the formatting for help text, and
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69 ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter adds information about argument defaults
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72 All other classes in this module are considered implementation details.
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73 (Also note that HelpFormatter and RawDescriptionHelpFormatter are only
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74 considered public as object names -- the API of the formatter objects is
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75 still considered an implementation detail.)
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78 __version__ = '1.0.1'
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86 'RawDescriptionHelpFormatter',
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87 'RawTextHelpFormatter'
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88 'ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter',
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92 import copy as _copy
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96 import textwrap as _textwrap
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98 from gettext import gettext as _
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103 from sets import Set as _set
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106 _basestring = basestring
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114 def _sorted(iterable, reverse=False):
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115 result = list(iterable)
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121 # silence Python 2.6 buggy warnings about Exception.message
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122 if _sys.version_info[:2] == (2, 6):
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124 warnings.filterwarnings(
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126 message='BaseException.message has been deprecated as of Python 2.6',
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127 category=DeprecationWarning,
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131 SUPPRESS = '==SUPPRESS=='
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136 PARSER = '==PARSER=='
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138 # =============================
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139 # Utility functions and classes
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140 # =============================
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142 class _AttributeHolder(object):
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143 """Abstract base class that provides __repr__.
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145 The __repr__ method returns a string in the format::
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146 ClassName(attr=name, attr=name, ...)
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147 The attributes are determined either by a class-level attribute,
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148 '_kwarg_names', or by inspecting the instance __dict__.
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151 def __repr__(self):
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152 type_name = type(self).__name__
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154 for arg in self._get_args():
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155 arg_strings.append(repr(arg))
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156 for name, value in self._get_kwargs():
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157 arg_strings.append('%s=%r' % (name, value))
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158 return '%s(%s)' % (type_name, ', '.join(arg_strings))
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160 def _get_kwargs(self):
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161 return _sorted(self.__dict__.items())
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163 def _get_args(self):
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167 def _ensure_value(namespace, name, value):
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168 if getattr(namespace, name, None) is None:
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169 setattr(namespace, name, value)
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170 return getattr(namespace, name)
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177 class HelpFormatter(object):
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178 """Formatter for generating usage messages and argument help strings.
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180 Only the name of this class is considered a public API. All the methods
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181 provided by the class are considered an implementation detail.
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186 indent_increment=2,
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187 max_help_position=24,
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190 # default setting for width
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193 width = int(_os.environ['COLUMNS'])
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194 except (KeyError, ValueError):
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199 self._indent_increment = indent_increment
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200 self._max_help_position = max_help_position
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201 self._width = width
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203 self._current_indent = 0
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205 self._action_max_length = 0
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207 self._root_section = self._Section(self, None)
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208 self._current_section = self._root_section
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210 self._whitespace_matcher = _re.compile(r'\s+')
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211 self._long_break_matcher = _re.compile(r'\n\n\n+')
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213 # ===============================
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214 # Section and indentation methods
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215 # ===============================
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217 self._current_indent += self._indent_increment
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221 self._current_indent -= self._indent_increment
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222 assert self._current_indent >= 0, 'Indent decreased below 0.'
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225 class _Section(object):
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227 def __init__(self, formatter, parent, heading=None):
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228 self.formatter = formatter
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229 self.parent = parent
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230 self.heading = heading
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233 def format_help(self):
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234 # format the indented section
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235 if self.parent is not None:
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236 self.formatter._indent()
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237 join = self.formatter._join_parts
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238 for func, args in self.items:
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240 item_help = join([func(*args) for func, args in self.items])
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241 if self.parent is not None:
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242 self.formatter._dedent()
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244 # return nothing if the section was empty
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248 # add the heading if the section was non-empty
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249 if self.heading is not SUPPRESS and self.heading is not None:
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250 current_indent = self.formatter._current_indent
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251 heading = '%*s%s:\n' % (current_indent, '', self.heading)
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255 # join the section-initial newline, the heading and the help
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256 return join(['\n', heading, item_help, '\n'])
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258 def _add_item(self, func, args):
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259 self._current_section.items.append((func, args))
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261 # ========================
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262 # Message building methods
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263 # ========================
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264 def start_section(self, heading):
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266 section = self._Section(self, self._current_section, heading)
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267 self._add_item(section.format_help, [])
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268 self._current_section = section
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270 def end_section(self):
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271 self._current_section = self._current_section.parent
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274 def add_text(self, text):
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275 if text is not SUPPRESS and text is not None:
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276 self._add_item(self._format_text, [text])
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278 def add_usage(self, usage, actions, groups, prefix=None):
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279 if usage is not SUPPRESS:
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280 args = usage, actions, groups, prefix
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281 self._add_item(self._format_usage, args)
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283 def add_argument(self, action):
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284 if action.help is not SUPPRESS:
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286 # find all invocations
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287 get_invocation = self._format_action_invocation
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288 invocations = [get_invocation(action)]
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289 for subaction in self._iter_indented_subactions(action):
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290 invocations.append(get_invocation(subaction))
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292 # update the maximum item length
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293 invocation_length = max([len(s) for s in invocations])
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294 action_length = invocation_length + self._current_indent
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295 self._action_max_length = max(self._action_max_length,
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298 # add the item to the list
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299 self._add_item(self._format_action, [action])
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301 def add_arguments(self, actions):
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302 for action in actions:
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303 self.add_argument(action)
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305 # =======================
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306 # Help-formatting methods
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307 # =======================
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308 def format_help(self):
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309 help = self._root_section.format_help()
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311 help = self._long_break_matcher.sub('\n\n', help)
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312 help = help.strip('\n') + '\n'
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315 def _join_parts(self, part_strings):
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316 return ''.join([part
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317 for part in part_strings
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318 if part and part is not SUPPRESS])
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320 def _format_usage(self, usage, actions, groups, prefix):
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322 prefix = _('usage: ')
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324 # if usage is specified, use that
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325 if usage is not None:
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326 usage = usage % dict(prog=self._prog)
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328 # if no optionals or positionals are available, usage is just prog
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329 elif usage is None and not actions:
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330 usage = '%(prog)s' % dict(prog=self._prog)
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332 # if optionals and positionals are available, calculate usage
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333 elif usage is None:
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334 prog = '%(prog)s' % dict(prog=self._prog)
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336 # split optionals from positionals
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339 for action in actions:
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340 if action.option_strings:
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341 optionals.append(action)
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343 positionals.append(action)
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345 # build full usage string
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346 format = self._format_actions_usage
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347 action_usage = format(optionals + positionals, groups)
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348 usage = ' '.join([s for s in [prog, action_usage] if s])
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350 # wrap the usage parts if it's too long
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351 text_width = self._width - self._current_indent
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352 if len(prefix) + len(usage) > text_width:
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354 # break usage into wrappable parts
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355 part_regexp = r'\(.*?\)+|\[.*?\]+|\S+'
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356 opt_usage = format(optionals, groups)
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357 pos_usage = format(positionals, groups)
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358 opt_parts = _re.findall(part_regexp, opt_usage)
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359 pos_parts = _re.findall(part_regexp, pos_usage)
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360 assert ' '.join(opt_parts) == opt_usage
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361 assert ' '.join(pos_parts) == pos_usage
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363 # helper for wrapping lines
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364 def get_lines(parts, indent, prefix=None):
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367 if prefix is not None:
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368 line_len = len(prefix) - 1
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370 line_len = len(indent) - 1
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372 if line_len + 1 + len(part) > text_width:
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373 lines.append(indent + ' '.join(line))
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375 line_len = len(indent) - 1
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377 line_len += len(part) + 1
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379 lines.append(indent + ' '.join(line))
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380 if prefix is not None:
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381 lines[0] = lines[0][len(indent):]
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384 # if prog is short, follow it with optionals or positionals
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385 if len(prefix) + len(prog) <= 0.75 * text_width:
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386 indent = ' ' * (len(prefix) + len(prog) + 1)
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388 lines = get_lines([prog] + opt_parts, indent, prefix)
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389 lines.extend(get_lines(pos_parts, indent))
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391 lines = get_lines([prog] + pos_parts, indent, prefix)
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395 # if prog is long, put it on its own line
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397 indent = ' ' * len(prefix)
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398 parts = opt_parts + pos_parts
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399 lines = get_lines(parts, indent)
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402 lines.extend(get_lines(opt_parts, indent))
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403 lines.extend(get_lines(pos_parts, indent))
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404 lines = [prog] + lines
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406 # join lines into usage
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407 usage = '\n'.join(lines)
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409 # prefix with 'usage:'
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410 return '%s%s\n\n' % (prefix, usage)
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412 def _format_actions_usage(self, actions, groups):
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413 # find group indices and identify actions in groups
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414 group_actions = _set()
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416 for group in groups:
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418 start = actions.index(group._group_actions[0])
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422 end = start + len(group._group_actions)
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423 if actions[start:end] == group._group_actions:
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424 for action in group._group_actions:
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425 group_actions.add(action)
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426 if not group.required:
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427 inserts[start] = '['
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430 inserts[start] = '('
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432 for i in range(start + 1, end):
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435 # collect all actions format strings
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437 for i, action in enumerate(actions):
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439 # suppressed arguments are marked with None
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440 # remove | separators for suppressed arguments
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441 if action.help is SUPPRESS:
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443 if inserts.get(i) == '|':
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445 elif inserts.get(i + 1) == '|':
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448 # produce all arg strings
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449 elif not action.option_strings:
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450 part = self._format_args(action, action.dest)
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452 # if it's in a group, strip the outer []
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453 if action in group_actions:
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454 if part[0] == '[' and part[-1] == ']':
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457 # add the action string to the list
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460 # produce the first way to invoke the option in brackets
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462 option_string = action.option_strings[0]
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464 # if the Optional doesn't take a value, format is:
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466 if action.nargs == 0:
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467 part = '%s' % option_string
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469 # if the Optional takes a value, format is:
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470 # -s ARGS or --long ARGS
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472 default = action.dest.upper()
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473 args_string = self._format_args(action, default)
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474 part = '%s %s' % (option_string, args_string)
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476 # make it look optional if it's not required or in a group
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477 if not action.required and action not in group_actions:
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478 part = '[%s]' % part
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480 # add the action string to the list
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483 # insert things at the necessary indices
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484 for i in _sorted(inserts, reverse=True):
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485 parts[i:i] = [inserts[i]]
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487 # join all the action items with spaces
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488 text = ' '.join([item for item in parts if item is not None])
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490 # clean up separators for mutually exclusive groups
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493 text = _re.sub(r'(%s) ' % open, r'\1', text)
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494 text = _re.sub(r' (%s)' % close, r'\1', text)
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495 text = _re.sub(r'%s *%s' % (open, close), r'', text)
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496 text = _re.sub(r'\(([^|]*)\)', r'\1', text)
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497 text = text.strip()
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502 def _format_text(self, text):
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503 text_width = self._width - self._current_indent
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504 indent = ' ' * self._current_indent
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505 return self._fill_text(text, text_width, indent) + '\n\n'
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507 def _format_action(self, action):
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508 # determine the required width and the entry label
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509 help_position = min(self._action_max_length + 2,
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510 self._max_help_position)
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511 help_width = self._width - help_position
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512 action_width = help_position - self._current_indent - 2
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513 action_header = self._format_action_invocation(action)
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515 # ho nelp; start on same line and add a final newline
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516 if not action.help:
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517 tup = self._current_indent, '', action_header
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518 action_header = '%*s%s\n' % tup
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520 # short action name; start on the same line and pad two spaces
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521 elif len(action_header) <= action_width:
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522 tup = self._current_indent, '', action_width, action_header
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523 action_header = '%*s%-*s ' % tup
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526 # long action name; start on the next line
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528 tup = self._current_indent, '', action_header
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529 action_header = '%*s%s\n' % tup
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530 indent_first = help_position
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532 # collect the pieces of the action help
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533 parts = [action_header]
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535 # if there was help for the action, add lines of help text
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537 help_text = self._expand_help(action)
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538 help_lines = self._split_lines(help_text, help_width)
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539 parts.append('%*s%s\n' % (indent_first, '', help_lines[0]))
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540 for line in help_lines[1:]:
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541 parts.append('%*s%s\n' % (help_position, '', line))
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543 # or add a newline if the description doesn't end with one
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544 elif not action_header.endswith('\n'):
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547 # if there are any sub-actions, add their help as well
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548 for subaction in self._iter_indented_subactions(action):
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549 parts.append(self._format_action(subaction))
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551 # return a single string
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552 return self._join_parts(parts)
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554 def _format_action_invocation(self, action):
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555 if not action.option_strings:
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556 metavar, = self._metavar_formatter(action, action.dest)(1)
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562 # if the Optional doesn't take a value, format is:
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564 if action.nargs == 0:
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565 parts.extend(action.option_strings)
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567 # if the Optional takes a value, format is:
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568 # -s ARGS, --long ARGS
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570 default = action.dest.upper()
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571 args_string = self._format_args(action, default)
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572 for option_string in action.option_strings:
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573 parts.append('%s %s' % (option_string, args_string))
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575 return ', '.join(parts)
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577 def _metavar_formatter(self, action, default_metavar):
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578 if action.metavar is not None:
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579 result = action.metavar
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580 elif action.choices is not None:
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581 choice_strs = [str(choice) for choice in action.choices]
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582 #result = '{%s}' % ','.join(choice_strs)
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585 result = default_metavar
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587 def format(tuple_size):
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588 if isinstance(result, tuple):
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591 return (result, ) * tuple_size
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594 def _format_args(self, action, default_metavar):
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595 get_metavar = self._metavar_formatter(action, default_metavar)
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596 if action.nargs is None:
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597 result = '%s' % get_metavar(1)
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598 elif action.nargs == OPTIONAL:
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599 result = '[%s]' % get_metavar(1)
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600 elif action.nargs == ZERO_OR_MORE:
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601 result = '[%s [%s ...]]' % get_metavar(2)
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602 elif action.nargs == ONE_OR_MORE:
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603 result = '%s [%s ...]' % get_metavar(2)
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604 elif action.nargs is PARSER:
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605 result = '%s ...' % get_metavar(1)
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607 formats = ['%s' for _ in range(action.nargs)]
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608 result = ' '.join(formats) % get_metavar(action.nargs)
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611 def _expand_help(self, action):
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612 params = dict(vars(action), prog=self._prog)
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613 for name in list(params):
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614 if params[name] is SUPPRESS:
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616 if params.get('choices') is not None:
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617 choices_str = ', '.join([str(c) for c in params['choices']])
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618 params['choices'] = choices_str
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619 return self._get_help_string(action) % params
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621 def _iter_indented_subactions(self, action):
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623 get_subactions = action._get_subactions
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624 except AttributeError:
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628 for subaction in get_subactions():
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632 def _split_lines(self, text, width):
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633 text = self._whitespace_matcher.sub(' ', text).strip()
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634 return _textwrap.wrap(text, width)
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636 def _fill_text(self, text, width, indent):
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637 text = self._whitespace_matcher.sub(' ', text).strip()
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638 return _textwrap.fill(text, width, initial_indent=indent,
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639 subsequent_indent=indent)
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641 def _get_help_string(self, action):
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645 class RawDescriptionHelpFormatter(HelpFormatter):
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646 """Help message formatter which retains any formatting in descriptions.
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648 Only the name of this class is considered a public API. All the methods
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649 provided by the class are considered an implementation detail.
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652 def _fill_text(self, text, width, indent):
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653 return ''.join([indent + line for line in text.splitlines(True)])
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656 class RawTextHelpFormatter(RawDescriptionHelpFormatter):
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657 """Help message formatter which retains formatting of all help text.
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659 Only the name of this class is considered a public API. All the methods
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660 provided by the class are considered an implementation detail.
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663 def _split_lines(self, text, width):
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664 return text.splitlines()
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667 class ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter(HelpFormatter):
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668 """Help message formatter which adds default values to argument help.
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670 Only the name of this class is considered a public API. All the methods
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671 provided by the class are considered an implementation detail.
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674 def _get_help_string(self, action):
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676 if '%(default)' not in action.help:
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677 if action.default is not SUPPRESS:
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678 defaulting_nargs = [OPTIONAL, ZERO_OR_MORE]
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679 if action.option_strings or action.nargs in defaulting_nargs:
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680 help += ' (default: %(default)s)'
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684 # =====================
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685 # Options and Arguments
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686 # =====================
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688 def _get_action_name(argument):
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689 if argument is None:
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691 elif argument.option_strings:
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692 return '/'.join(argument.option_strings)
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693 elif argument.metavar not in (None, SUPPRESS):
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694 return argument.metavar
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695 elif argument.dest not in (None, SUPPRESS):
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696 return argument.dest
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701 class ArgumentError(Exception):
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702 """An error from creating or using an argument (optional or positional).
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704 The string value of this exception is the message, augmented with
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705 information about the argument that caused it.
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708 def __init__(self, argument, message):
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709 self.argument_name = _get_action_name(argument)
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710 self.message = message
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713 if self.argument_name is None:
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714 format = '%(message)s'
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716 format = 'argument %(argument_name)s: %(message)s'
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717 return format % dict(message=self.message,
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718 argument_name=self.argument_name)
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724 class Action(_AttributeHolder):
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725 """Information about how to convert command line strings to Python objects.
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727 Action objects are used by an ArgumentParser to represent the information
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728 needed to parse a single argument from one or more strings from the
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729 command line. The keyword arguments to the Action constructor are also
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730 all attributes of Action instances.
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734 - option_strings -- A list of command-line option strings which
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735 should be associated with this action.
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737 - dest -- The name of the attribute to hold the created object(s)
\r
739 - nargs -- The number of command-line arguments that should be
\r
740 consumed. By default, one argument will be consumed and a single
\r
741 value will be produced. Other values include:
\r
742 - N (an integer) consumes N arguments (and produces a list)
\r
743 - '?' consumes zero or one arguments
\r
744 - '*' consumes zero or more arguments (and produces a list)
\r
745 - '+' consumes one or more arguments (and produces a list)
\r
746 Note that the difference between the default and nargs=1 is that
\r
747 with the default, a single value will be produced, while with
\r
748 nargs=1, a list containing a single value will be produced.
\r
750 - const -- The value to be produced if the option is specified and the
\r
751 option uses an action that takes no values.
\r
753 - default -- The value to be produced if the option is not specified.
\r
755 - type -- The type which the command-line arguments should be converted
\r
756 to, should be one of 'string', 'int', 'float', 'complex' or a
\r
757 callable object that accepts a single string argument. If None,
\r
758 'string' is assumed.
\r
760 - choices -- A container of values that should be allowed. If not None,
\r
761 after a command-line argument has been converted to the appropriate
\r
762 type, an exception will be raised if it is not a member of this
\r
765 - required -- True if the action must always be specified at the
\r
766 command line. This is only meaningful for optional command-line
\r
769 - help -- The help string describing the argument.
\r
771 - metavar -- The name to be used for the option's argument with the
\r
772 help string. If None, the 'dest' value will be used as the name.
\r
786 self.option_strings = option_strings
\r
790 self.default = default
\r
792 self.choices = choices
\r
793 self.required = required
\r
795 self.metavar = metavar
\r
797 def _get_kwargs(self):
\r
809 return [(name, getattr(self, name)) for name in names]
\r
811 def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
\r
812 raise NotImplementedError(_('.__call__() not defined'))
\r
815 class _StoreAction(Action):
\r
829 raise ValueError('nargs for store actions must be > 0; if you '
\r
830 'have nothing to store, actions such as store '
\r
831 'true or store const may be more appropriate')
\r
832 if const is not None and nargs != OPTIONAL:
\r
833 raise ValueError('nargs must be %r to supply const' % OPTIONAL)
\r
834 super(_StoreAction, self).__init__(
\r
835 option_strings=option_strings,
\r
846 def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
\r
847 setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)
\r
850 class _StoreConstAction(Action):
\r
860 super(_StoreConstAction, self).__init__(
\r
861 option_strings=option_strings,
\r
869 def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
\r
870 setattr(namespace, self.dest, self.const)
\r
873 class _StoreTrueAction(_StoreConstAction):
\r
881 super(_StoreTrueAction, self).__init__(
\r
882 option_strings=option_strings,
\r
890 class _StoreFalseAction(_StoreConstAction):
\r
898 super(_StoreFalseAction, self).__init__(
\r
899 option_strings=option_strings,
\r
907 class _AppendAction(Action):
\r
921 raise ValueError('nargs for append actions must be > 0; if arg '
\r
922 'strings are not supplying the value to append, '
\r
923 'the append const action may be more appropriate')
\r
924 if const is not None and nargs != OPTIONAL:
\r
925 raise ValueError('nargs must be %r to supply const' % OPTIONAL)
\r
926 super(_AppendAction, self).__init__(
\r
927 option_strings=option_strings,
\r
938 def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
\r
939 items = _copy.copy(_ensure_value(namespace, self.dest, []))
\r
940 items.append(values)
\r
941 setattr(namespace, self.dest, items)
\r
944 class _AppendConstAction(Action):
\r
954 super(_AppendConstAction, self).__init__(
\r
955 option_strings=option_strings,
\r
964 def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
\r
965 items = _copy.copy(_ensure_value(namespace, self.dest, []))
\r
966 items.append(self.const)
\r
967 setattr(namespace, self.dest, items)
\r
970 class _CountAction(Action):
\r
978 super(_CountAction, self).__init__(
\r
979 option_strings=option_strings,
\r
986 def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
\r
987 new_count = _ensure_value(namespace, self.dest, 0) + 1
\r
988 setattr(namespace, self.dest, new_count)
\r
991 class _HelpAction(Action):
\r
998 super(_HelpAction, self).__init__(
\r
999 option_strings=option_strings,
\r
1005 def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
\r
1006 parser.print_help()
\r
1010 class _VersionAction(Action):
\r
1012 def __init__(self,
\r
1017 super(_VersionAction, self).__init__(
\r
1018 option_strings=option_strings,
\r
1024 def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
\r
1025 parser.print_version()
\r
1029 class _SubParsersAction(Action):
\r
1031 class _ChoicesPseudoAction(Action):
\r
1033 def __init__(self, name, help):
\r
1034 sup = super(_SubParsersAction._ChoicesPseudoAction, self)
\r
1035 sup.__init__(option_strings=[], dest=name, help=help)
\r
1037 def __init__(self,
\r
1045 self._prog_prefix = prog
\r
1046 self._parser_class = parser_class
\r
1047 self._name_parser_map = {}
\r
1048 self._choices_actions = []
\r
1050 super(_SubParsersAction, self).__init__(
\r
1051 option_strings=option_strings,
\r
1054 choices=self._name_parser_map,
\r
1058 def add_parser(self, name, **kwargs):
\r
1059 # set prog from the existing prefix
\r
1060 if kwargs.get('prog') is None:
\r
1061 kwargs['prog'] = '%s %s' % (self._prog_prefix, name)
\r
1063 # create a pseudo-action to hold the choice help
\r
1064 if 'help' in kwargs:
\r
1065 help = kwargs.pop('help')
\r
1066 choice_action = self._ChoicesPseudoAction(name, help)
\r
1067 self._choices_actions.append(choice_action)
\r
1069 # create the parser and add it to the map
\r
1070 parser = self._parser_class(**kwargs)
\r
1071 self._name_parser_map[name] = parser
\r
1074 def _get_subactions(self):
\r
1075 return self._choices_actions
\r
1077 def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
\r
1078 parser_name = values[0]
\r
1079 arg_strings = values[1:]
\r
1081 # set the parser name if requested
\r
1082 if self.dest is not SUPPRESS:
\r
1083 setattr(namespace, self.dest, parser_name)
\r
1085 # select the parser
\r
1087 parser = self._name_parser_map[parser_name]
\r
1089 tup = parser_name, ', '.join(self._name_parser_map)
\r
1090 msg = _('unknown parser %r (choices: %s)' % tup)
\r
1091 raise ArgumentError(self, msg)
\r
1093 # parse all the remaining options into the namespace
\r
1094 parser.parse_args(arg_strings, namespace)
\r
1101 class FileType(object):
\r
1102 """Factory for creating file object types
\r
1104 Instances of FileType are typically passed as type= arguments to the
\r
1105 ArgumentParser add_argument() method.
\r
1107 Keyword Arguments:
\r
1108 - mode -- A string indicating how the file is to be opened. Accepts the
\r
1109 same values as the builtin open() function.
\r
1110 - bufsize -- The file's desired buffer size. Accepts the same values as
\r
1111 the builtin open() function.
\r
1114 def __init__(self, mode='r', bufsize=None):
\r
1116 self._bufsize = bufsize
\r
1118 def __call__(self, string):
\r
1119 # the special argument "-" means sys.std{in,out}
\r
1121 if 'r' in self._mode:
\r
1123 elif 'w' in self._mode:
\r
1124 return _sys.stdout
\r
1126 msg = _('argument "-" with mode %r' % self._mode)
\r
1127 raise ValueError(msg)
\r
1129 # all other arguments are used as file names
\r
1131 return open(string, self._mode, self._bufsize)
\r
1133 return open(string, self._mode)
\r
1135 def __repr__(self):
\r
1136 args = [self._mode, self._bufsize]
\r
1137 args_str = ', '.join([repr(arg) for arg in args if arg is not None])
\r
1138 return '%s(%s)' % (type(self).__name__, args_str)
\r
1140 # ===========================
\r
1141 # Optional and Positional Parsing
\r
1142 # ===========================
\r
1144 class Namespace(_AttributeHolder):
\r
1145 """Simple object for storing attributes.
\r
1147 Implements equality by attribute names and values, and provides a simple
\r
1148 string representation.
\r
1151 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
\r
1152 for name in kwargs:
\r
1153 setattr(self, name, kwargs[name])
\r
1155 def __eq__(self, other):
\r
1156 return vars(self) == vars(other)
\r
1158 def __ne__(self, other):
\r
1159 return not (self == other)
\r
1162 class _ActionsContainer(object):
\r
1164 def __init__(self,
\r
1168 conflict_handler):
\r
1169 super(_ActionsContainer, self).__init__()
\r
1171 self.description = description
\r
1172 self.argument_default = argument_default
\r
1173 self.prefix_chars = prefix_chars
\r
1174 self.conflict_handler = conflict_handler
\r
1176 # set up registries
\r
1177 self._registries = {}
\r
1179 # register actions
\r
1180 self.register('action', None, _StoreAction)
\r
1181 self.register('action', 'store', _StoreAction)
\r
1182 self.register('action', 'store_const', _StoreConstAction)
\r
1183 self.register('action', 'store_true', _StoreTrueAction)
\r
1184 self.register('action', 'store_false', _StoreFalseAction)
\r
1185 self.register('action', 'append', _AppendAction)
\r
1186 self.register('action', 'append_const', _AppendConstAction)
\r
1187 self.register('action', 'count', _CountAction)
\r
1188 self.register('action', 'help', _HelpAction)
\r
1189 self.register('action', 'version', _VersionAction)
\r
1190 self.register('action', 'parsers', _SubParsersAction)
\r
1192 # raise an exception if the conflict handler is invalid
\r
1193 self._get_handler()
\r
1196 self._actions = []
\r
1197 self._option_string_actions = {}
\r
1200 self._action_groups = []
\r
1201 self._mutually_exclusive_groups = []
\r
1203 # defaults storage
\r
1204 self._defaults = {}
\r
1206 # determines whether an "option" looks like a negative number
\r
1207 self._negative_number_matcher = _re.compile(r'^-\d+|-\d*.\d+$')
\r
1209 # whether or not there are any optionals that look like negative
\r
1210 # numbers -- uses a list so it can be shared and edited
\r
1211 self._has_negative_number_optionals = []
\r
1213 # ====================
\r
1214 # Registration methods
\r
1215 # ====================
\r
1216 def register(self, registry_name, value, object):
\r
1217 registry = self._registries.setdefault(registry_name, {})
\r
1218 registry[value] = object
\r
1220 def _registry_get(self, registry_name, value, default=None):
\r
1221 return self._registries[registry_name].get(value, default)
\r
1223 # ==================================
\r
1224 # Namespace default settings methods
\r
1225 # ==================================
\r
1226 def set_defaults(self, **kwargs):
\r
1227 self._defaults.update(kwargs)
\r
1229 # if these defaults match any existing arguments, replace
\r
1230 # the previous default on the object with the new one
\r
1231 for action in self._actions:
\r
1232 if action.dest in kwargs:
\r
1233 action.default = kwargs[action.dest]
\r
1235 # =======================
\r
1236 # Adding argument actions
\r
1237 # =======================
\r
1238 def add_argument(self, *args, **kwargs):
\r
1240 add_argument(dest, ..., name=value, ...)
\r
1241 add_argument(option_string, option_string, ..., name=value, ...)
\r
1244 # if no positional args are supplied or only one is supplied and
\r
1245 # it doesn't look like an option string, parse a positional
\r
1247 chars = self.prefix_chars
\r
1248 if not args or len(args) == 1 and args[0][0] not in chars:
\r
1249 kwargs = self._get_positional_kwargs(*args, **kwargs)
\r
1251 # otherwise, we're adding an optional argument
\r
1253 kwargs = self._get_optional_kwargs(*args, **kwargs)
\r
1255 # if no default was supplied, use the parser-level default
\r
1256 if 'default' not in kwargs:
\r
1257 dest = kwargs['dest']
\r
1258 if dest in self._defaults:
\r
1259 kwargs['default'] = self._defaults[dest]
\r
1260 elif self.argument_default is not None:
\r
1261 kwargs['default'] = self.argument_default
\r
1263 # create the action object, and add it to the parser
\r
1264 action_class = self._pop_action_class(kwargs)
\r
1265 action = action_class(**kwargs)
\r
1266 return self._add_action(action)
\r
1268 def add_argument_group(self, *args, **kwargs):
\r
1269 group = _ArgumentGroup(self, *args, **kwargs)
\r
1270 self._action_groups.append(group)
\r
1273 def add_mutually_exclusive_group(self, **kwargs):
\r
1274 group = _MutuallyExclusiveGroup(self, **kwargs)
\r
1275 self._mutually_exclusive_groups.append(group)
\r
1278 def _add_action(self, action):
\r
1279 # resolve any conflicts
\r
1280 self._check_conflict(action)
\r
1282 # add to actions list
\r
1283 self._actions.append(action)
\r
1284 action.container = self
\r
1286 # index the action by any option strings it has
\r
1287 for option_string in action.option_strings:
\r
1288 self._option_string_actions[option_string] = action
\r
1290 # set the flag if any option strings look like negative numbers
\r
1291 for option_string in action.option_strings:
\r
1292 if self._negative_number_matcher.match(option_string):
\r
1293 if not self._has_negative_number_optionals:
\r
1294 self._has_negative_number_optionals.append(True)
\r
1296 # return the created action
\r
1299 def _remove_action(self, action):
\r
1300 self._actions.remove(action)
\r
1302 def _add_container_actions(self, container):
\r
1303 # collect groups by titles
\r
1304 title_group_map = {}
\r
1305 for group in self._action_groups:
\r
1306 if group.title in title_group_map:
\r
1307 msg = _('cannot merge actions - two groups are named %r')
\r
1308 raise ValueError(msg % (group.title))
\r
1309 title_group_map[group.title] = group
\r
1311 # map each action to its group
\r
1313 for group in container._action_groups:
\r
1315 # if a group with the title exists, use that, otherwise
\r
1316 # create a new group matching the container's group
\r
1317 if group.title not in title_group_map:
\r
1318 title_group_map[group.title] = self.add_argument_group(
\r
1319 title=group.title,
\r
1320 description=group.description,
\r
1321 conflict_handler=group.conflict_handler)
\r
1323 # map the actions to their new group
\r
1324 for action in group._group_actions:
\r
1325 group_map[action] = title_group_map[group.title]
\r
1327 # add container's mutually exclusive groups
\r
1328 # NOTE: if add_mutually_exclusive_group ever gains title= and
\r
1329 # description= then this code will need to be expanded as above
\r
1330 for group in container._mutually_exclusive_groups:
\r
1331 mutex_group = self.add_mutually_exclusive_group(
\r
1332 required=group.required)
\r
1334 # map the actions to their new mutex group
\r
1335 for action in group._group_actions:
\r
1336 group_map[action] = mutex_group
\r
1338 # add all actions to this container or their group
\r
1339 for action in container._actions:
\r
1340 group_map.get(action, self)._add_action(action)
\r
1342 def _get_positional_kwargs(self, dest, **kwargs):
\r
1343 # make sure required is not specified
\r
1344 if 'required' in kwargs:
\r
1345 msg = _("'required' is an invalid argument for positionals")
\r
1346 raise TypeError(msg)
\r
1348 # mark positional arguments as required if at least one is
\r
1350 if kwargs.get('nargs') not in [OPTIONAL, ZERO_OR_MORE]:
\r
1351 kwargs['required'] = True
\r
1352 if kwargs.get('nargs') == ZERO_OR_MORE and 'default' not in kwargs:
\r
1353 kwargs['required'] = True
\r
1355 # return the keyword arguments with no option strings
\r
1356 return dict(kwargs, dest=dest, option_strings=[])
\r
1358 def _get_optional_kwargs(self, *args, **kwargs):
\r
1359 # determine short and long option strings
\r
1360 option_strings = []
\r
1361 long_option_strings = []
\r
1362 for option_string in args:
\r
1363 # error on one-or-fewer-character option strings
\r
1364 if len(option_string) < 2:
\r
1365 msg = _('invalid option string %r: '
\r
1366 'must be at least two characters long')
\r
1367 raise ValueError(msg % option_string)
\r
1369 # error on strings that don't start with an appropriate prefix
\r
1370 if not option_string[0] in self.prefix_chars:
\r
1371 msg = _('invalid option string %r: '
\r
1372 'must start with a character %r')
\r
1373 tup = option_string, self.prefix_chars
\r
1374 raise ValueError(msg % tup)
\r
1376 # error on strings that are all prefix characters
\r
1377 if not (_set(option_string) - _set(self.prefix_chars)):
\r
1378 msg = _('invalid option string %r: '
\r
1379 'must contain characters other than %r')
\r
1380 tup = option_string, self.prefix_chars
\r
1381 raise ValueError(msg % tup)
\r
1383 # strings starting with two prefix characters are long options
\r
1384 option_strings.append(option_string)
\r
1385 if option_string[0] in self.prefix_chars:
\r
1386 if option_string[1] in self.prefix_chars:
\r
1387 long_option_strings.append(option_string)
\r
1389 # infer destination, '--foo-bar' -> 'foo_bar' and '-x' -> 'x'
\r
1390 dest = kwargs.pop('dest', None)
\r
1392 if long_option_strings:
\r
1393 dest_option_string = long_option_strings[0]
\r
1395 dest_option_string = option_strings[0]
\r
1396 dest = dest_option_string.lstrip(self.prefix_chars)
\r
1397 dest = dest.replace('-', '_')
\r
1399 # return the updated keyword arguments
\r
1400 return dict(kwargs, dest=dest, option_strings=option_strings)
\r
1402 def _pop_action_class(self, kwargs, default=None):
\r
1403 action = kwargs.pop('action', default)
\r
1404 return self._registry_get('action', action, action)
\r
1406 def _get_handler(self):
\r
1407 # determine function from conflict handler string
\r
1408 handler_func_name = '_handle_conflict_%s' % self.conflict_handler
\r
1410 return getattr(self, handler_func_name)
\r
1411 except AttributeError:
\r
1412 msg = _('invalid conflict_resolution value: %r')
\r
1413 raise ValueError(msg % self.conflict_handler)
\r
1415 def _check_conflict(self, action):
\r
1417 # find all options that conflict with this option
\r
1418 confl_optionals = []
\r
1419 for option_string in action.option_strings:
\r
1420 if option_string in self._option_string_actions:
\r
1421 confl_optional = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
\r
1422 confl_optionals.append((option_string, confl_optional))
\r
1424 # resolve any conflicts
\r
1425 if confl_optionals:
\r
1426 conflict_handler = self._get_handler()
\r
1427 conflict_handler(action, confl_optionals)
\r
1429 def _handle_conflict_error(self, action, conflicting_actions):
\r
1430 message = _('conflicting option string(s): %s')
\r
1431 conflict_string = ', '.join([option_string
\r
1432 for option_string, action
\r
1433 in conflicting_actions])
\r
1434 raise ArgumentError(action, message % conflict_string)
\r
1436 def _handle_conflict_resolve(self, action, conflicting_actions):
\r
1438 # remove all conflicting options
\r
1439 for option_string, action in conflicting_actions:
\r
1441 # remove the conflicting option
\r
1442 action.option_strings.remove(option_string)
\r
1443 self._option_string_actions.pop(option_string, None)
\r
1445 # if the option now has no option string, remove it from the
\r
1446 # container holding it
\r
1447 if not action.option_strings:
\r
1448 action.container._remove_action(action)
\r
1451 class _ArgumentGroup(_ActionsContainer):
\r
1453 def __init__(self, container, title=None, description=None, **kwargs):
\r
1454 # add any missing keyword arguments by checking the container
\r
1455 update = kwargs.setdefault
\r
1456 update('conflict_handler', container.conflict_handler)
\r
1457 update('prefix_chars', container.prefix_chars)
\r
1458 update('argument_default', container.argument_default)
\r
1459 super_init = super(_ArgumentGroup, self).__init__
\r
1460 super_init(description=description, **kwargs)
\r
1462 # group attributes
\r
1463 self.title = title
\r
1464 self._group_actions = []
\r
1466 # share most attributes with the container
\r
1467 self._registries = container._registries
\r
1468 self._actions = container._actions
\r
1469 self._option_string_actions = container._option_string_actions
\r
1470 self._defaults = container._defaults
\r
1471 self._has_negative_number_optionals = \
\r
1472 container._has_negative_number_optionals
\r
1474 def _add_action(self, action):
\r
1475 action = super(_ArgumentGroup, self)._add_action(action)
\r
1476 self._group_actions.append(action)
\r
1479 def _remove_action(self, action):
\r
1480 super(_ArgumentGroup, self)._remove_action(action)
\r
1481 self._group_actions.remove(action)
\r
1484 class _MutuallyExclusiveGroup(_ArgumentGroup):
\r
1486 def __init__(self, container, required=False):
\r
1487 super(_MutuallyExclusiveGroup, self).__init__(container)
\r
1488 self.required = required
\r
1489 self._container = container
\r
1491 def _add_action(self, action):
\r
1492 if action.required:
\r
1493 msg = _('mutually exclusive arguments must be optional')
\r
1494 raise ValueError(msg)
\r
1495 action = self._container._add_action(action)
\r
1496 self._group_actions.append(action)
\r
1499 def _remove_action(self, action):
\r
1500 self._container._remove_action(action)
\r
1501 self._group_actions.remove(action)
\r
1504 class ArgumentParser(_AttributeHolder, _ActionsContainer):
\r
1505 """Object for parsing command line strings into Python objects.
\r
1507 Keyword Arguments:
\r
1508 - prog -- The name of the program (default: sys.argv[0])
\r
1509 - usage -- A usage message (default: auto-generated from arguments)
\r
1510 - description -- A description of what the program does
\r
1511 - epilog -- Text following the argument descriptions
\r
1512 - version -- Add a -v/--version option with the given version string
\r
1513 - parents -- Parsers whose arguments should be copied into this one
\r
1514 - formatter_class -- HelpFormatter class for printing help messages
\r
1515 - prefix_chars -- Characters that prefix optional arguments
\r
1516 - fromfile_prefix_chars -- Characters that prefix files containing
\r
1517 additional arguments
\r
1518 - argument_default -- The default value for all arguments
\r
1519 - conflict_handler -- String indicating how to handle conflicts
\r
1520 - add_help -- Add a -h/-help option
\r
1523 def __init__(self,
\r
1530 formatter_class=HelpFormatter,
\r
1532 fromfile_prefix_chars=None,
\r
1533 argument_default=None,
\r
1534 conflict_handler='error',
\r
1537 superinit = super(ArgumentParser, self).__init__
\r
1538 superinit(description=description,
\r
1539 prefix_chars=prefix_chars,
\r
1540 argument_default=argument_default,
\r
1541 conflict_handler=conflict_handler)
\r
1543 # default setting for prog
\r
1545 prog = _os.path.basename(_sys.argv[0])
\r
1548 self.usage = usage
\r
1549 self.epilog = epilog
\r
1550 self.version = version
\r
1551 self.formatter_class = formatter_class
\r
1552 self.fromfile_prefix_chars = fromfile_prefix_chars
\r
1553 self.add_help = add_help
\r
1555 add_group = self.add_argument_group
\r
1556 self._positionals = add_group(_('arguments'))
\r
1557 self._optionals = add_group(_('options'))
\r
1558 self._subparsers = None
\r
1561 def identity(string):
\r
1563 self.register('type', None, identity)
\r
1565 # add help and version arguments if necessary
\r
1566 # (using explicit default to override global argument_default)
\r
1568 self.add_argument(
\r
1569 '-h', '--help', action='help', default=SUPPRESS,
\r
1570 help=_('show this help message and exit'))
\r
1572 self.add_argument(
\r
1573 '-v', '--version', action='version', default=SUPPRESS,
\r
1574 help=_("show program's version number and exit"))
\r
1576 # add parent arguments and defaults
\r
1577 for parent in parents:
\r
1578 self._add_container_actions(parent)
\r
1580 defaults = parent._defaults
\r
1581 except AttributeError:
\r
1584 self._defaults.update(defaults)
\r
1586 # =======================
\r
1587 # Pretty __repr__ methods
\r
1588 # =======================
\r
1589 def _get_kwargs(self):
\r
1595 'formatter_class',
\r
1596 'conflict_handler',
\r
1599 return [(name, getattr(self, name)) for name in names]
\r
1601 # ==================================
\r
1602 # Optional/Positional adding methods
\r
1603 # ==================================
\r
1604 def add_subparsers(self, **kwargs):
\r
1605 if self._subparsers is not None:
\r
1606 self.error(_('cannot have multiple subparser arguments'))
\r
1608 # add the parser class to the arguments if it's not present
\r
1609 kwargs.setdefault('parser_class', type(self))
\r
1611 if 'title' in kwargs or 'description' in kwargs:
\r
1612 title = _(kwargs.pop('title', 'subcommands'))
\r
1613 description = _(kwargs.pop('description', None))
\r
1614 self._subparsers = self.add_argument_group(title, description)
\r
1616 self._subparsers = self._positionals
\r
1618 # prog defaults to the usage message of this parser, skipping
\r
1619 # optional arguments and with no "usage:" prefix
\r
1620 if kwargs.get('prog') is None:
\r
1621 formatter = self._get_formatter()
\r
1622 positionals = self._get_positional_actions()
\r
1623 groups = self._mutually_exclusive_groups
\r
1624 formatter.add_usage(self.usage, positionals, groups, '')
\r
1625 kwargs['prog'] = formatter.format_help().strip()
\r
1627 # create the parsers action and add it to the positionals list
\r
1628 parsers_class = self._pop_action_class(kwargs, 'parsers')
\r
1629 action = parsers_class(option_strings=[], **kwargs)
\r
1630 self._subparsers._add_action(action)
\r
1632 # return the created parsers action
\r
1635 def _add_action(self, action):
\r
1636 if action.option_strings:
\r
1637 self._optionals._add_action(action)
\r
1639 self._positionals._add_action(action)
\r
1642 def _get_optional_actions(self):
\r
1644 for action in self._actions
\r
1645 if action.option_strings]
\r
1647 def _get_positional_actions(self):
\r
1649 for action in self._actions
\r
1650 if not action.option_strings]
\r
1652 # =====================================
\r
1653 # Command line argument parsing methods
\r
1654 # =====================================
\r
1655 def parse_args(self, args=None, namespace=None):
\r
1656 args, argv = self.parse_known_args(args, namespace)
\r
1658 msg = _('unrecognized arguments: %s')
\r
1659 self.error(msg % ' '.join(argv))
\r
1662 def parse_known_args(self, args=None, namespace=None):
\r
1663 # args default to the system args
\r
1665 args = _sys.argv[1:]
\r
1667 # default Namespace built from parser defaults
\r
1668 if namespace is None:
\r
1669 namespace = Namespace()
\r
1671 # add any action defaults that aren't present
\r
1672 for action in self._actions:
\r
1673 if action.dest is not SUPPRESS:
\r
1674 if not hasattr(namespace, action.dest):
\r
1675 if action.default is not SUPPRESS:
\r
1676 default = action.default
\r
1677 if isinstance(action.default, _basestring):
\r
1678 default = self._get_value(action, default)
\r
1679 setattr(namespace, action.dest, default)
\r
1681 # add any parser defaults that aren't present
\r
1682 for dest in self._defaults:
\r
1683 if not hasattr(namespace, dest):
\r
1684 setattr(namespace, dest, self._defaults[dest])
\r
1686 # parse the arguments and exit if there are any errors
\r
1688 return self._parse_known_args(args, namespace)
\r
1689 except ArgumentError:
\r
1690 err = _sys.exc_info()[1]
\r
1691 self.error(str(err))
\r
1693 def _parse_known_args(self, arg_strings, namespace):
\r
1694 # replace arg strings that are file references
\r
1695 if self.fromfile_prefix_chars is not None:
\r
1696 arg_strings = self._read_args_from_files(arg_strings)
\r
1698 # map all mutually exclusive arguments to the other arguments
\r
1699 # they can't occur with
\r
1700 action_conflicts = {}
\r
1701 for mutex_group in self._mutually_exclusive_groups:
\r
1702 group_actions = mutex_group._group_actions
\r
1703 for i, mutex_action in enumerate(mutex_group._group_actions):
\r
1704 conflicts = action_conflicts.setdefault(mutex_action, [])
\r
1705 conflicts.extend(group_actions[:i])
\r
1706 conflicts.extend(group_actions[i + 1:])
\r
1708 # find all option indices, and determine the arg_string_pattern
\r
1709 # which has an 'O' if there is an option at an index,
\r
1710 # an 'A' if there is an argument, or a '-' if there is a '--'
\r
1711 option_string_indices = {}
\r
1712 arg_string_pattern_parts = []
\r
1713 arg_strings_iter = iter(arg_strings)
\r
1714 for i, arg_string in enumerate(arg_strings_iter):
\r
1716 # all args after -- are non-options
\r
1717 if arg_string == '--':
\r
1718 arg_string_pattern_parts.append('-')
\r
1719 for arg_string in arg_strings_iter:
\r
1720 arg_string_pattern_parts.append('A')
\r
1722 # otherwise, add the arg to the arg strings
\r
1723 # and note the index if it was an option
\r
1725 option_tuple = self._parse_optional(arg_string)
\r
1726 if option_tuple is None:
\r
1729 option_string_indices[i] = option_tuple
\r
1731 arg_string_pattern_parts.append(pattern)
\r
1733 # join the pieces together to form the pattern
\r
1734 arg_strings_pattern = ''.join(arg_string_pattern_parts)
\r
1736 # converts arg strings to the appropriate and then takes the action
\r
1737 seen_actions = _set()
\r
1738 seen_non_default_actions = _set()
\r
1740 def take_action(action, argument_strings, option_string=None):
\r
1741 seen_actions.add(action)
\r
1742 argument_values = self._get_values(action, argument_strings)
\r
1744 # error if this argument is not allowed with other previously
\r
1745 # seen arguments, assuming that actions that use the default
\r
1746 # value don't really count as "present"
\r
1747 if argument_values is not action.default:
\r
1748 seen_non_default_actions.add(action)
\r
1749 for conflict_action in action_conflicts.get(action, []):
\r
1750 if conflict_action in seen_non_default_actions:
\r
1751 msg = _('not allowed with argument %s')
\r
1752 action_name = _get_action_name(conflict_action)
\r
1753 raise ArgumentError(action, msg % action_name)
\r
1755 # take the action if we didn't receive a SUPPRESS value
\r
1756 # (e.g. from a default)
\r
1757 if argument_values is not SUPPRESS:
\r
1758 action(self, namespace, argument_values, option_string)
\r
1760 # function to convert arg_strings into an optional action
\r
1761 def consume_optional(start_index):
\r
1763 # get the optional identified at this index
\r
1764 option_tuple = option_string_indices[start_index]
\r
1765 action, option_string, explicit_arg = option_tuple
\r
1767 # identify additional optionals in the same arg string
\r
1768 # (e.g. -xyz is the same as -x -y -z if no args are required)
\r
1769 match_argument = self._match_argument
\r
1770 action_tuples = []
\r
1773 # if we found no optional action, skip it
\r
1774 if action is None:
\r
1775 extras.append(arg_strings[start_index])
\r
1776 return start_index + 1
\r
1778 # if there is an explicit argument, try to match the
\r
1779 # optional's string arguments to only this
\r
1780 if explicit_arg is not None:
\r
1781 arg_count = match_argument(action, 'A')
\r
1783 # if the action is a single-dash option and takes no
\r
1784 # arguments, try to parse more single-dash options out
\r
1785 # of the tail of the option string
\r
1786 chars = self.prefix_chars
\r
1787 if arg_count == 0 and option_string[1] not in chars:
\r
1788 action_tuples.append((action, [], option_string))
\r
1789 for char in self.prefix_chars:
\r
1790 option_string = char + explicit_arg[0]
\r
1791 explicit_arg = explicit_arg[1:] or None
\r
1792 optionals_map = self._option_string_actions
\r
1793 if option_string in optionals_map:
\r
1794 action = optionals_map[option_string]
\r
1797 msg = _('ignored explicit argument %r')
\r
1798 raise ArgumentError(action, msg % explicit_arg)
\r
1800 # if the action expect exactly one argument, we've
\r
1801 # successfully matched the option; exit the loop
\r
1802 elif arg_count == 1:
\r
1803 stop = start_index + 1
\r
1804 args = [explicit_arg]
\r
1805 action_tuples.append((action, args, option_string))
\r
1808 # error if a double-dash option did not use the
\r
1809 # explicit argument
\r
1811 msg = _('ignored explicit argument %r')
\r
1812 raise ArgumentError(action, msg % explicit_arg)
\r
1814 # if there is no explicit argument, try to match the
\r
1815 # optional's string arguments with the following strings
\r
1816 # if successful, exit the loop
\r
1818 start = start_index + 1
\r
1819 selected_patterns = arg_strings_pattern[start:]
\r
1820 arg_count = match_argument(action, selected_patterns)
\r
1821 stop = start + arg_count
\r
1822 args = arg_strings[start:stop]
\r
1823 action_tuples.append((action, args, option_string))
\r
1826 # add the Optional to the list and return the index at which
\r
1827 # the Optional's string args stopped
\r
1828 assert action_tuples
\r
1829 for action, args, option_string in action_tuples:
\r
1830 take_action(action, args, option_string)
\r
1833 # the list of Positionals left to be parsed; this is modified
\r
1834 # by consume_positionals()
\r
1835 positionals = self._get_positional_actions()
\r
1837 # function to convert arg_strings into positional actions
\r
1838 def consume_positionals(start_index):
\r
1839 # match as many Positionals as possible
\r
1840 match_partial = self._match_arguments_partial
\r
1841 selected_pattern = arg_strings_pattern[start_index:]
\r
1842 arg_counts = match_partial(positionals, selected_pattern)
\r
1844 # slice off the appropriate arg strings for each Positional
\r
1845 # and add the Positional and its args to the list
\r
1846 for action, arg_count in zip(positionals, arg_counts):
\r
1847 args = arg_strings[start_index: start_index + arg_count]
\r
1848 start_index += arg_count
\r
1849 take_action(action, args)
\r
1851 # slice off the Positionals that we just parsed and return the
\r
1852 # index at which the Positionals' string args stopped
\r
1853 positionals[:] = positionals[len(arg_counts):]
\r
1854 return start_index
\r
1856 # consume Positionals and Optionals alternately, until we have
\r
1857 # passed the last option string
\r
1860 if option_string_indices:
\r
1861 max_option_string_index = max(option_string_indices)
\r
1863 max_option_string_index = -1
\r
1864 while start_index <= max_option_string_index:
\r
1866 # consume any Positionals preceding the next option
\r
1867 next_option_string_index = min([
\r
1869 for index in option_string_indices
\r
1870 if index >= start_index])
\r
1871 if start_index != next_option_string_index:
\r
1872 positionals_end_index = consume_positionals(start_index)
\r
1874 # only try to parse the next optional if we didn't consume
\r
1875 # the option string during the positionals parsing
\r
1876 if positionals_end_index > start_index:
\r
1877 start_index = positionals_end_index
\r
1880 start_index = positionals_end_index
\r
1882 # if we consumed all the positionals we could and we're not
\r
1883 # at the index of an option string, there were extra arguments
\r
1884 if start_index not in option_string_indices:
\r
1885 strings = arg_strings[start_index:next_option_string_index]
\r
1886 extras.extend(strings)
\r
1887 start_index = next_option_string_index
\r
1889 # consume the next optional and any arguments for it
\r
1890 start_index = consume_optional(start_index)
\r
1892 # consume any positionals following the last Optional
\r
1893 stop_index = consume_positionals(start_index)
\r
1895 # if we didn't consume all the argument strings, there were extras
\r
1896 extras.extend(arg_strings[stop_index:])
\r
1898 # if we didn't use all the Positional objects, there were too few
\r
1899 # arg strings supplied.
\r
1901 self.error(_('too few arguments'))
\r
1903 # make sure all required actions were present
\r
1904 for action in self._actions:
\r
1905 if action.required:
\r
1906 if action not in seen_actions:
\r
1907 name = _get_action_name(action)
\r
1908 self.error(_('argument %s is required') % name)
\r
1910 # make sure all required groups had one option present
\r
1911 for group in self._mutually_exclusive_groups:
\r
1912 if group.required:
\r
1913 for action in group._group_actions:
\r
1914 if action in seen_non_default_actions:
\r
1917 # if no actions were used, report the error
\r
1919 names = [_get_action_name(action)
\r
1920 for action in group._group_actions
\r
1921 if action.help is not SUPPRESS]
\r
1922 msg = _('one of the arguments %s is required')
\r
1923 self.error(msg % ' '.join(names))
\r
1925 # return the updated namespace and the extra arguments
\r
1926 return namespace, extras
\r
1928 def _read_args_from_files(self, arg_strings):
\r
1929 # expand arguments referencing files
\r
1930 new_arg_strings = []
\r
1931 for arg_string in arg_strings:
\r
1933 # for regular arguments, just add them back into the list
\r
1934 if arg_string[0] not in self.fromfile_prefix_chars:
\r
1935 new_arg_strings.append(arg_string)
\r
1937 # replace arguments referencing files with the file content
\r
1940 args_file = open(arg_string[1:])
\r
1942 arg_strings = args_file.read().splitlines()
\r
1943 arg_strings = self._read_args_from_files(arg_strings)
\r
1944 new_arg_strings.extend(arg_strings)
\r
1948 err = _sys.exc_info()[1]
\r
1949 self.error(str(err))
\r
1951 # return the modified argument list
\r
1952 return new_arg_strings
\r
1954 def _match_argument(self, action, arg_strings_pattern):
\r
1955 # match the pattern for this action to the arg strings
\r
1956 nargs_pattern = self._get_nargs_pattern(action)
\r
1957 match = _re.match(nargs_pattern, arg_strings_pattern)
\r
1959 # raise an exception if we weren't able to find a match
\r
1962 None: _('expected one argument'),
\r
1963 OPTIONAL: _('expected at most one argument'),
\r
1964 ONE_OR_MORE: _('expected at least one argument'),
\r
1966 default = _('expected %s argument(s)') % action.nargs
\r
1967 msg = nargs_errors.get(action.nargs, default)
\r
1968 raise ArgumentError(action, msg)
\r
1970 # return the number of arguments matched
\r
1971 return len(match.group(1))
\r
1973 def _match_arguments_partial(self, actions, arg_strings_pattern):
\r
1974 # progressively shorten the actions list by slicing off the
\r
1975 # final actions until we find a match
\r
1977 for i in range(len(actions), 0, -1):
\r
1978 actions_slice = actions[:i]
\r
1979 pattern = ''.join([self._get_nargs_pattern(action)
\r
1980 for action in actions_slice])
\r
1981 match = _re.match(pattern, arg_strings_pattern)
\r
1982 if match is not None:
\r
1983 result.extend([len(string) for string in match.groups()])
\r
1986 # return the list of arg string counts
\r
1989 def _parse_optional(self, arg_string):
\r
1990 # if it's an empty string, it was meant to be a positional
\r
1991 if not arg_string:
\r
1994 # if it doesn't start with a prefix, it was meant to be positional
\r
1995 if not arg_string[0] in self.prefix_chars:
\r
1998 # if it's just dashes, it was meant to be positional
\r
1999 if not arg_string.strip('-'):
\r
2002 # if the option string is present in the parser, return the action
\r
2003 if arg_string in self._option_string_actions:
\r
2004 action = self._option_string_actions[arg_string]
\r
2005 return action, arg_string, None
\r
2007 # search through all possible prefixes of the option string
\r
2008 # and all actions in the parser for possible interpretations
\r
2009 option_tuples = self._get_option_tuples(arg_string)
\r
2011 # if multiple actions match, the option string was ambiguous
\r
2012 if len(option_tuples) > 1:
\r
2013 options = ', '.join([option_string
\r
2014 for action, option_string, explicit_arg in option_tuples])
\r
2015 tup = arg_string, options
\r
2016 self.error(_('ambiguous option: %s could match %s') % tup)
\r
2018 # if exactly one action matched, this segmentation is good,
\r
2019 # so return the parsed action
\r
2020 elif len(option_tuples) == 1:
\r
2021 option_tuple, = option_tuples
\r
2022 return option_tuple
\r
2024 # if it was not found as an option, but it looks like a negative
\r
2025 # number, it was meant to be positional
\r
2026 # unless there are negative-number-like options
\r
2027 if self._negative_number_matcher.match(arg_string):
\r
2028 if not self._has_negative_number_optionals:
\r
2031 # if it contains a space, it was meant to be a positional
\r
2032 if ' ' in arg_string:
\r
2035 # it was meant to be an optional but there is no such option
\r
2036 # in this parser (though it might be a valid option in a subparser)
\r
2037 return None, arg_string, None
\r
2039 def _get_option_tuples(self, option_string):
\r
2042 # option strings starting with two prefix characters are only
\r
2043 # split at the '='
\r
2044 chars = self.prefix_chars
\r
2045 if option_string[0] in chars and option_string[1] in chars:
\r
2046 if '=' in option_string:
\r
2047 option_prefix, explicit_arg = option_string.split('=', 1)
\r
2049 option_prefix = option_string
\r
2050 explicit_arg = None
\r
2051 for option_string in self._option_string_actions:
\r
2052 if option_string.startswith(option_prefix):
\r
2053 action = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
\r
2054 tup = action, option_string, explicit_arg
\r
2055 result.append(tup)
\r
2057 # single character options can be concatenated with their arguments
\r
2058 # but multiple character options always have to have their argument
\r
2060 elif option_string[0] in chars and option_string[1] not in chars:
\r
2061 option_prefix = option_string
\r
2062 explicit_arg = None
\r
2063 short_option_prefix = option_string[:2]
\r
2064 short_explicit_arg = option_string[2:]
\r
2066 for option_string in self._option_string_actions:
\r
2067 if option_string == short_option_prefix:
\r
2068 action = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
\r
2069 tup = action, option_string, short_explicit_arg
\r
2070 result.append(tup)
\r
2071 elif option_string.startswith(option_prefix):
\r
2072 action = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
\r
2073 tup = action, option_string, explicit_arg
\r
2074 result.append(tup)
\r
2076 # shouldn't ever get here
\r
2078 self.error(_('unexpected option string: %s') % option_string)
\r
2080 # return the collected option tuples
\r
2083 def _get_nargs_pattern(self, action):
\r
2084 # in all examples below, we have to allow for '--' args
\r
2085 # which are represented as '-' in the pattern
\r
2086 nargs = action.nargs
\r
2088 # the default (None) is assumed to be a single argument
\r
2090 nargs_pattern = '(-*A-*)'
\r
2092 # allow zero or one arguments
\r
2093 elif nargs == OPTIONAL:
\r
2094 nargs_pattern = '(-*A?-*)'
\r
2096 # allow zero or more arguments
\r
2097 elif nargs == ZERO_OR_MORE:
\r
2098 nargs_pattern = '(-*[A-]*)'
\r
2100 # allow one or more arguments
\r
2101 elif nargs == ONE_OR_MORE:
\r
2102 nargs_pattern = '(-*A[A-]*)'
\r
2104 # allow one argument followed by any number of options or arguments
\r
2105 elif nargs is PARSER:
\r
2106 nargs_pattern = '(-*A[-AO]*)'
\r
2108 # all others should be integers
\r
2110 nargs_pattern = '(-*%s-*)' % '-*'.join('A' * nargs)
\r
2112 # if this is an optional action, -- is not allowed
\r
2113 if action.option_strings:
\r
2114 nargs_pattern = nargs_pattern.replace('-*', '')
\r
2115 nargs_pattern = nargs_pattern.replace('-', '')
\r
2117 # return the pattern
\r
2118 return nargs_pattern
\r
2120 # ========================
\r
2121 # Value conversion methods
\r
2122 # ========================
\r
2123 def _get_values(self, action, arg_strings):
\r
2124 # for everything but PARSER args, strip out '--'
\r
2125 if action.nargs is not PARSER:
\r
2126 arg_strings = [s for s in arg_strings if s != '--']
\r
2128 # optional argument produces a default when not present
\r
2129 if not arg_strings and action.nargs == OPTIONAL:
\r
2130 if action.option_strings:
\r
2131 value = action.const
\r
2133 value = action.default
\r
2134 if isinstance(value, _basestring):
\r
2135 value = self._get_value(action, value)
\r
2136 self._check_value(action, value)
\r
2138 # when nargs='*' on a positional, if there were no command-line
\r
2139 # args, use the default if it is anything other than None
\r
2140 elif (not arg_strings and action.nargs == ZERO_OR_MORE and
\r
2141 not action.option_strings):
\r
2142 if action.default is not None:
\r
2143 value = action.default
\r
2145 value = arg_strings
\r
2146 self._check_value(action, value)
\r
2148 # single argument or optional argument produces a single value
\r
2149 elif len(arg_strings) == 1 and action.nargs in [None, OPTIONAL]:
\r
2150 arg_string, = arg_strings
\r
2151 value = self._get_value(action, arg_string)
\r
2152 self._check_value(action, value)
\r
2154 # PARSER arguments convert all values, but check only the first
\r
2155 elif action.nargs is PARSER:
\r
2156 value = [self._get_value(action, v) for v in arg_strings]
\r
2157 self._check_value(action, value[0])
\r
2159 # all other types of nargs produce a list
\r
2161 value = [self._get_value(action, v) for v in arg_strings]
\r
2163 self._check_value(action, v)
\r
2165 # return the converted value
\r
2168 def _get_value(self, action, arg_string):
\r
2169 type_func = self._registry_get('type', action.type, action.type)
\r
2170 if not hasattr(type_func, '__call__'):
\r
2171 if not hasattr(type_func, '__bases__'): # classic classes
\r
2172 msg = _('%r is not callable')
\r
2173 raise ArgumentError(action, msg % type_func)
\r
2175 # convert the value to the appropriate type
\r
2177 result = type_func(arg_string)
\r
2179 # TypeErrors or ValueErrors indicate errors
\r
2180 except (TypeError, ValueError):
\r
2181 name = getattr(action.type, '__name__', repr(action.type))
\r
2182 msg = _('invalid %s value: %r')
\r
2183 raise ArgumentError(action, msg % (name, arg_string))
\r
2185 # return the converted value
\r
2188 def _check_value(self, action, value):
\r
2189 # converted value must be one of the choices (if specified)
\r
2190 if action.choices is not None and value not in action.choices:
\r
2191 tup = value, ', '.join(map(repr, action.choices))
\r
2192 msg = _('invalid choice: %r (choose from %s)') % tup
\r
2193 raise ArgumentError(action, msg)
\r
2195 # =======================
\r
2196 # Help-formatting methods
\r
2197 # =======================
\r
2198 def format_usage(self):
\r
2199 formatter = self._get_formatter()
\r
2200 formatter.add_usage(self.usage, self._actions,
\r
2201 self._mutually_exclusive_groups)
\r
2202 return formatter.format_help()
\r
2204 def format_help(self):
\r
2205 formatter = self._get_formatter()
\r
2208 formatter.add_usage(self.usage, self._actions,
\r
2209 self._mutually_exclusive_groups)
\r
2212 formatter.add_text(self.description)
\r
2214 # positionals, optionals and user-defined groups
\r
2215 for action_group in self._action_groups:
\r
2216 formatter.start_section(action_group.title)
\r
2217 formatter.add_text(action_group.description)
\r
2218 formatter.add_arguments(action_group._group_actions)
\r
2219 formatter.end_section()
\r
2222 formatter.add_text(self.epilog)
\r
2224 # determine help from format above
\r
2225 return formatter.format_help()
\r
2227 def format_version(self):
\r
2228 formatter = self._get_formatter()
\r
2229 formatter.add_text(self.version)
\r
2230 return formatter.format_help()
\r
2232 def _get_formatter(self):
\r
2233 return self.formatter_class(prog=self.prog)
\r
2235 # =====================
\r
2236 # Help-printing methods
\r
2237 # =====================
\r
2238 def print_usage(self, file=None):
\r
2239 self._print_message(self.format_usage(), file)
\r
2241 def print_help(self, file=None):
\r
2242 self._print_message(self.format_help(), file)
\r
2244 def print_version(self, file=None):
\r
2245 self._print_message(self.format_version(), file)
\r
2247 def _print_message(self, message, file=None):
\r
2250 file = _sys.stderr
\r
2251 file.write(message)
\r
2256 def exit(self, status=0, message=None):
\r
2258 _sys.stderr.write(message)
\r
2261 def error(self, message):
\r
2262 """error(message: string)
\r
2264 Prints a usage message incorporating the message to stderr and
\r
2267 If you override this in a subclass, it should not return -- it
\r
2268 should either exit or raise an exception.
\r
2270 self.print_usage(_sys.stderr)
\r
2271 self.exit(2, _('%s: error: %s\n') % (self.prog, message))
\r