1 <?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
4 <!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ -->
6 <refentry id="systemd-tmpfiles"
7 xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
10 <title>systemd-tmpfiles</title>
11 <productname>systemd</productname>
15 <refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle>
16 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
20 <refname>systemd-tmpfiles</refname>
21 <refname>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</refname>
22 <refname>systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service</refname>
23 <refname>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</refname>
24 <refname>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer</refname>
25 <refpurpose>Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile
26 and temporary files and directories</refpurpose>
31 <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command>
32 <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
33 <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>CONFIGFILE</replaceable></arg>
37 <literallayout><filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</filename>
38 <filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service</filename>
39 <filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</filename>
40 <filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer</filename></literallayout></para>
43 <literallayout><filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</filename>
44 <filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</filename>
45 <filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer</filename></literallayout></para>
49 <title>Description</title>
51 <para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> creates, deletes, and
52 cleans up volatile and temporary files and directories, based on
53 the configuration file format and location specified in
54 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
57 <para>If invoked with no arguments, it applies all directives from all configuration
58 files. When invoked with <option>--replace=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option>,
59 arguments specified on the command line are used instead of the configuration file
60 <replaceable>PATH</replaceable>. Otherwise, if one or more absolute filenames are
61 passed on the command line, only the directives in these files are applied. If
62 <literal>-</literal> is specified instead of a filename, directives are read from
63 standard input. If only the basename of a configuration file is specified, all
64 configuration directories as specified in
65 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
66 are searched for a matching file and the file found that has the highest priority is
69 <para>System services (<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</filename>,
70 <filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service</filename>,
71 <filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</filename>) invoke <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> to create
72 system files and to perform system wide cleanup. Those services read administrator-controlled
73 configuration files in <filename>tmpfiles.d/</filename> directories. User services
74 (<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</filename>,
75 <filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</filename>) also invoke <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command>, but
76 it reads a separate set of files, which includes user-controlled files under
77 <filename>~/.config/user-tmpfiles.d/</filename> and <filename>~/.local/share/user-tmpfiles.d/</filename>,
78 and administrator-controller files under <filename>/usr/share/user-tmpfiles.d/</filename>. Users may use
79 this to create and clean up files under their control, but the system instance performs global cleanup
80 and is not influenced by user configuration. Note that this means a time-based cleanup configured in the
81 system instance, such as the one typically configured for <filename>/tmp</filename>, will thus also
82 affect files created by the user instance if they are placed in <filename>/tmp</filename>, even if the
83 user instance's time-based cleanup is turned off.</para>
87 <title>Options</title>
89 <para>The following options are understood:</para>
93 <term><option>--create</option></term>
94 <listitem><para>If this option is passed, all files and
95 directories marked with
100 <varname>D</varname>,
101 <varname>v</varname>,
102 <varname>p</varname>,
103 <varname>L</varname>,
104 <varname>c</varname>,
105 <varname>b</varname>,
107 in the configuration files are created or written to. Files
108 and directories marked with
109 <varname>z</varname>,
110 <varname>Z</varname>,
111 <varname>t</varname>,
112 <varname>T</varname>,
113 <varname>a</varname>, and
114 <varname>A</varname> have their ownership, access mode and
115 security labels set.</para></listitem>
119 <term><option>--clean</option></term>
120 <listitem><para>If this option is passed, all files and
121 directories with an age parameter configured will be cleaned
122 up.</para></listitem>
126 <term><option>--remove</option></term>
127 <listitem><para>If this option is passed, the contents of
128 directories marked with <varname>D</varname> or
129 <varname>R</varname>, and files or directories themselves
130 marked with <varname>r</varname> or <varname>R</varname> are
131 removed.</para></listitem>
135 <term><option>--user</option></term>
136 <listitem><para>Execute "user" configuration, i.e. <filename>tmpfiles.d</filename>
137 files in user configuration directories.</para></listitem>
141 <term><option>--boot</option></term>
142 <listitem><para>Also execute lines with an exclamation mark.
147 <term><option>--prefix=<replaceable>path</replaceable></option></term>
148 <listitem><para>Only apply rules with paths that start with
149 the specified prefix. This option can be specified multiple
150 times.</para></listitem>
153 <term><option>--exclude-prefix=<replaceable>path</replaceable></option></term>
154 <listitem><para>Ignore rules with paths that start with the
155 specified prefix. This option can be specified multiple
156 times.</para></listitem>
160 <term><option>--root=<replaceable>root</replaceable></option></term>
161 <listitem><para>Takes a directory path as an argument. All paths will be prefixed with the given alternate
162 <replaceable>root</replaceable> path, including config search paths.</para>
164 <para>Note that this option does not alter how the users and groups specified in the configuration files are
165 resolved. With or without this option, users and groups are always resolved according to the host's user and
166 group databases, any such databases stored under the specified root directories are not
167 consulted.</para></listitem>
171 <term><option>--replace=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option></term>
172 <listitem><para>When this option is given, one ore more positional arguments
173 must be specified. All configuration files found in the directories listed in
174 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
175 will be read, and the configuration given on the command line will be
176 handled instead of and with the same priority as the configuration file
177 <replaceable>PATH</replaceable>.</para>
179 <para>This option is intended to be used when package installation scripts
180 are running and files belonging to that package are not yet available on
181 disk, so their contents must be given on the command line, but the admin
182 configuration might already exist and should be given higher priority.
186 <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="cat-config" />
187 <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
188 <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
189 <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
192 <para>It is possible to combine <option>--create</option>, <option>--clean</option>, and <option>--remove</option>
193 in one invocation (in which case removal and cleanup are executed before creation of new files). For example,
194 during boot the following command line is executed to ensure that all temporary and volatile directories are
195 removed and created according to the configuration file:</para>
197 <programlisting>systemd-tmpfiles --remove --create</programlisting>
201 <title>Unprivileged --cleanup operation</title>
203 <para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> tries to avoid changing
204 the access and modification times on the directories it accesses,
205 which requires <constant>CAP_FOWNER</constant> privileges. When
206 running as non-root, directories which are checked for files to
207 clean up will have their access time bumped, which might prevent
213 <title>Exit status</title>
215 <para>On success, 0 is returned. If the configuration was syntactically invalid (syntax errors,
216 missing arguments, …), so some lines had to be ignored, but no other errors occurred,
217 <constant>65</constant> is returned (<constant>EX_DATAERR</constant> from
218 <filename>/usr/include/sysexits.h</filename>). If the configuration was syntactically valid, but
219 could not be executed (lack of permissions, creation of files in missing directories, invalid
220 contents when writing to <filename>/sys/</filename> values, …), <constant>73</constant> is
221 returned (<constant>EX_CANTCREAT</constant> from <filename>/usr/include/sysexits.h</filename>).
222 Otherwise, <constant>1</constant> is returned (<constant>EXIT_FAILURE</constant> from
223 <filename>/usr/include/stdlib.h</filename>).
228 <title>See Also</title>
230 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
231 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>