3 .\" Author: [FIXME: author] [see http://docbook.sf.net/el/author]
4 .\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.75.2 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
6 .\" Manual: Форматы файлов
7 .\" Source: Форматы файлов
10 .TH "shadow" "5" "02/16/2011" "Форматы файлов" "Форматы файлов"
11 .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
12 .\" * Define some portability stuff
13 .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
14 .\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
15 .\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
16 .\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
17 .\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
20 .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
21 .\" * set default formatting
22 .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
23 .\" disable hyphenation
25 .\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
27 .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
28 .\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
29 .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
31 shadow \- shadowed password file
36 is a file which contains the password information for the system\*(Aqs accounts and optional aging information\&.
38 Этот файл должен быть недоступен обычному пользователю, если нужно обеспечить безопасность паролей\&.
40 Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (\(Fo:\(Fc), in the following order:
42 \fBимя пользователя для входа в систему\fR
44 It must be a valid account name, which exist on the system\&.
47 \fBшифрованный пароль\fR
49 Подробней о пароле смотрите на странице руководства
52 If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
53 \fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
55 This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
57 file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is empty\&.
59 A password field which starts with a exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&.
62 \fBdate of last password change\fR
64 The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970\&.
66 The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her pasword the next time she will log in the system\&.
68 An empty field means that password aging features are disabled\&.
71 \fBminimum password age\fR
73 The minimum password age is the number of days the user will have to wait before she will be allowed to change her password again\&.
75 An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no minimum password age\&.
78 \fBmaximum password age\fR
80 The maximum password age is the number of days after which the user will have to change her password\&.
82 After this number of days is elapsed, the password may still be valid\&. The user should be asked to change her password the next time she will log in\&.
84 An empty field means that there are no maximum password age, no password warning period, and no password inactivity period (see below)\&.
86 If the maximum password age is lower than the minimum password age, the user cannot change her password\&.
89 \fBpassword warning period\fR
91 The number of days before a password is going to expire (see the maximum password age above) during which the user should be warned\&.
93 An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no password warning period\&.
96 \fBpassword inactivity period\fR
98 The number of days after a password has expired (see the maximum password age above) during which the password should still be accepted (and the user should update her password during the next login)\&.
100 After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no login is possible using the current user\*(Aqs password\&. The user should contact her administrator\&.
102 An empty field means that there are no enforcement of an inactivity period\&.
105 \fBaccount expiration date\fR
107 The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970\&.
109 Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration\&. In case of an acount expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login\&. In case of a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password\&.
111 An empty field means that the account will never expire\&.
113 The value 0 should not be used as it is interpreted as either an account with no expiration, or as an expiration on Jan 1, 1970\&.
118 This field is reserved for future use\&.
124 содержит информацию о пользователях
129 содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
134 Backup file for /etc/shadow\&.
136 Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by all user and password management tools\&.