1 <?xml version="1.0"?><!--*-nxml-*-->
2 <!DOCTYPE manpage SYSTEM "xmltoman.dtd">
3 <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="xmltoman.xsl" ?>
6 This file is part of PulseAudio.
8 PulseAudio is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
10 published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the
11 License, or (at your option) any later version.
13 PulseAudio is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
14 ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
15 or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General
16 Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
19 License along with PulseAudio; if not, write to the Free Software
20 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307
24 <manpage name="pulseaudio" section="1" desc="The PulseAudio Sound System">
27 <cmd>pulseaudio [<arg>options</arg>]</cmd>
28 <cmd>pulseaudio <opt>--help</opt></cmd>
29 <cmd>pulseaudio <opt>--version</opt></cmd>
30 <cmd>pulseaudio <opt>--dump-conf</opt></cmd>
31 <cmd>pulseaudio <opt>--dump-modules</opt></cmd>
32 <cmd>pulseaudio <opt>--dump-resample-methods</opt></cmd>
33 <cmd>pulseaudio <opt>--cleanup-shm</opt></cmd>
34 <cmd>pulseaudio <opt>--start</opt></cmd>
35 <cmd>pulseaudio <opt>--kill</opt></cmd>
36 <cmd>pulseaudio <opt>--check</opt></cmd>
40 <p>PulseAudio is a networked low-latency sound server for Linux, POSIX and Windows systems.</p>
46 <p><opt>-h | --help</opt></p>
48 <optdesc><p>Show help.</p></optdesc>
52 <p><opt>--version</opt></p>
54 <optdesc><p>Show version information.</p></optdesc>
58 <p><opt>--dump-conf</opt></p>
60 <optdesc><p>Load the daemon configuration file
61 <file>daemon.conf</file> (see below), parse remaining
62 configuration options on the command line and dump the resulting
63 daemon configuration, in a format that is compatible with
64 <file>daemon.conf</file>.</p></optdesc>
68 <p><opt>--dump-modules</opt></p>
70 <optdesc><p>List available loadable modules. Combine with
71 <opt>-v</opt> for a more elaborate listing.</p></optdesc>
75 <p><opt>--dump-resample-methods</opt></p>
76 <optdesc><p>List available audio resamplers.</p></optdesc>
80 <p><opt>--cleanup-shm</opt></p>
82 <optdesc><p>Identify stale PulseAudio POSIX shared memory
83 segments in <file>/dev/shm</file> and remove them if
84 possible. This is done implicitly whenever a new daemon starts
85 up or a client tries to connect to a daemon. It should normally
86 not be necessary to issue this command by hand. Only available
87 on systems with POSIX shared memory segments implemented via a
88 virtual file system mounted to <file>/dev/shm</file>
89 (e.g. Linux).</p></optdesc>
93 <p><opt>--start</opt></p>
95 <optdesc><p>Start PulseAudio if it is not running yet. This is
96 different from starting PulseAudio without <opt>--start</opt>
97 which would fail if PA is already running. PulseAudio is
98 guaranteed to be fully initialized when this call
99 returns. Implies <opt>--daemon</opt>.</p></optdesc>
103 <p><opt>-k | --kill</opt></p>
105 <optdesc><p>Kill an already running PulseAudio daemon of the
106 calling user (Equivalent to sending a SIGTERM).</p></optdesc>
110 <p><opt>--check</opt></p>
112 <optdesc><p>Return 0 as return code when the PulseAudio daemon
113 is already running for the calling user, or non-zero
114 otherwise. Produces no output on the console except for errors
115 to stderr.</p></optdesc>
120 <p><opt>--system</opt><arg>[=BOOL]</arg></p>
122 <optdesc><p>Run as system-wide instance instead of
123 per-user. Please note that this disables certain features of
124 PulseAudio and is generally not recommended unless the system
125 knows no local users (e.g. is a thin client). This feature needs
126 special configuration and a dedicated UNIX user set up. It is
127 highly recommended to combine this with
128 <opt>--disallow-module-loading</opt> (see below).</p></optdesc>
132 <p><opt>-D | --daemonize</opt><arg>[=BOOL]</arg></p>
134 <optdesc><p>Daemonize after startup, i.e. detach from the
135 terminal.</p></optdesc>
139 <p><opt>--fail</opt><arg>[=BOOL]</arg></p>
141 <optdesc><p>Fail startup when any of the commands specified in
142 the startup script <file>default.pa</file> (see below)
147 <p><opt>--high-priority</opt><arg>[=BOOL]</arg></p>
149 <optdesc><p>Try to acquire a high Unix nice level. This will
150 only succeed if the calling user has a non-zero RLIMIT_NICE
151 resource limit set (on systems that support this), or we're
152 called SUID root (see below), or we are configure to be run as
153 system daemon (see <arg>--system</arg> above). It is recommended
154 to enable this, since it is only a negligible security risk (see
155 below).</p></optdesc>
159 <p><opt>--realtime</opt><arg>[=BOOL]</arg></p>
161 <optdesc><p>Try to acquire a real-time scheduling for
162 PulseAudio's I/O threads. This will only succeed if the calling
163 user has a non-zero RLIMIT_RTPRIO resource limit set (on systems
164 that support this), or we're called SUID root (see below), or we
165 are configure to be run as system daemon (see
166 <arg>--system</arg> above). It is recommended to enable this
167 only for trusted users, since it is a major security risk (see
168 below).</p></optdesc>
172 <p><opt>--disallow-module-loading</opt><arg>[=BOOL]</arg></p>
174 <optdesc><p>Disallow module loading after startup. This is a
175 security feature since it disallows additional module loading
176 during runtime and on user request. It is highly recommended
177 when <arg>--system</arg> is used (see above). Note however, that
178 this breaks certain features like automatic module loading on hot
184 <p><opt>--exit-idle-time</opt><arg>=SECS</arg></p>
186 <optdesc><p>Terminate the daemon when idle and the specified
187 number of seconds passed.</p></optdesc>
191 <p><opt>--scache-idle-time</opt><arg>=SECS</arg></p>
193 <optdesc><p>Unload autoloaded samples from the cache when the
194 haven't been used for the specified number of
195 seconds.</p></optdesc>
199 <p><opt>--log-level</opt><arg>[=LEVEL]</arg></p>
201 <optdesc><p>If an argument is passed, set the log level to the
202 specified value, otherwise increase the configured verbosity
203 level by one. The log levels are numerical from 0 to 4,
204 corresponding to <arg>error</arg>, <arg>warn</arg>,
205 <arg>notice</arg>, <arg>info</arg>, <arg>debug</arg>. Default
206 log level is <arg>notice</arg>, i.e. all log messages with lower
207 log levels are printed: <arg>error</arg>, <arg>warn</arg>,
208 <arg>notice</arg>.</p></optdesc>
214 <optdesc><p>Increase the configured verbosity level by one (see
215 <opt>--log-level</opt> above). Specify multiple times to
216 increase log level multiple times.</p></optdesc>
220 <p><opt>--log-target</opt><arg>={auto,syslog,stderr,file:PATH}</arg></p>
222 <optdesc><p>Specify the log target. If set to <arg>auto</arg>
223 (which is the default), then logging is directed to syslog when
224 <opt>--daemonize</opt> is passed, otherwise to
225 STDERR. If set to <arg>file:PATH</arg>, logging is directed to
226 the file indicated by PATH.</p></optdesc>
230 <p><opt>--p | --dl-search-path</opt><arg>=PATH</arg></p>
232 <optdesc><p>Set the search path for dynamic shared objects
233 (plugins).</p></optdesc>
237 <p><opt>--resample-method</opt><arg>=METHOD</arg></p>
239 <optdesc><p>Use the specified resampler by default (See
240 <opt>--dump-resample-methods</opt> above for possible
241 values).</p></optdesc>
245 <p><opt>--use-pid-file</opt><arg>[=BOOL]</arg></p>
247 <optdesc><p>Create a PID file. If this options is disabled it is possible to run multiple sound servers per user.</p></optdesc>
251 <p><opt>--no-cpu-limit</opt><arg>[=BOOL]</arg></p>
253 <optdesc><p>Do not install CPU load limiter on platforms that
254 support it. By default, PulseAudio will terminate itself when it
255 notices that it takes up too much CPU time. This is useful as a
256 protection against system lockups when real-time scheduling is
257 used (see below). Disabling this meachnism is useful when
258 debugging PulseAudio with tools like <manref name="valgrind"
259 section="1"/> which slow down execution.</p></optdesc>
263 <p><opt>--disable-shm</opt><arg>[=BOOL]</arg></p>
265 <optdesc><p>PulseAudio clients and the server can exchange audio
266 data via POSIX shared memory segments (on systems that support
267 this). If disabled PulseAudio will communicate exclusively over
268 sockets. Please note that data transfer via shared memory
269 segments is always disabled when PulseAudio is running with
270 <opt>--system</opt> enabled (see above).</p></optdesc>
274 <p><opt>-L | --load</opt><arg>="MODULE ARGUMENTS"</arg></p>
276 <optdesc><p>Load the specified plugin module with the specified
277 arguments.</p></optdesc>
281 <p><opt>-F | --file</opt><arg>=FILENAME</arg></p>
283 <optdesc><p>Run the specified script on startup. May be
284 specified multiple times to specify multiple scripts to be run
285 in order. Combine with <opt>-n</opt> to disable loading of the
286 default script <file>default.pa</file> (see below).</p></optdesc>
291 <optdesc><p>Open a command interpreter on STDIN/STDOUT after
292 startup. This may be used to configure PulseAudio dynamically
293 during runtime. Equivalent to
294 <opt>--load</opt><arg>=module-cli</arg>.</p></optdesc>
299 <optdesc><p>Don't load default script file
300 <file>default.pa</file> (see below) on startup. Useful in
301 conjunction with <opt>-C</opt> or
302 <opt>--file</opt>.</p></optdesc>
308 <section name="Files">
310 <p><file>~/.pulse/daemon.conf</file>,
311 <file>@PA_DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR@/daemon.conf</file>: configuration settings
312 for the PulseAudio daemon. If the version in the user's home
313 directory does not exist the global configuration file is
314 loaded. See <manref name="pulse-daemon.conf" section="5"/> for
315 more information.</p>
317 <p><file>~/.pulse/default.pa</file>,
318 <file>@PA_DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR@/default.pa</file>: the default configuration
319 script to execute when the PulseAudio daemon is started. If the
320 version in the user's home directory does not exist the global
321 configuration script is loaded. See <manref name="default.pa"
322 section="5"/> for more information.</p>
324 <p><file>~/.pulse/client.conf</file>,
325 <file>@PA_DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR@/client.conf</file>: configuration settings
326 for PulseAudio client applications. If the version in the user's
327 home directory does not exist the global configuration file is
328 loaded. See <manref name="pulse-client.conf" section="5"/> for
329 more information.</p>
333 <section name="Signals">
335 <p><arg>SIGINT, SIGTERM</arg>: the PulseAudio daemon will shut
336 down (Same as <opt>--kill</opt>).</p>
338 <p><arg>SIGHUP</arg>: dump a long status report to STDOUT or
339 syslog, depending on the configuration.</p>
341 <p><arg>SIGUSR1</arg>: load module-cli, allowing runtime
342 reconfiguration via STDIN/STDOUT.</p>
344 <p><arg>SIGUSR2</arg>: load module-cli-protocol-unix, allowing
345 runtime reconfiguration via a AF_UNIX socket. See <manref
346 name="pacmd" section="1"/> for more information.</p>
350 <section name="UNIX Groups and users">
352 <p>Group <arg>pulse-rt</arg>: if the PulseAudio binary is marked
353 SUID root, then membership of the calling user in this group
354 decides whether real-time and/or high-priority scheduling is
355 enabled. Please note that enabling real-time scheduling is a
356 security risk (see below).</p>
358 <p>Group <arg>pulse-access</arg>: if PulseAudio is running as a system
359 daemon (see <opt>--system</opt> above) access is granted to
360 members of this group when they connect via AF_UNIX sockets. If
361 PulseAudio is running as a user daemon this group has no
364 <p>User <arg>pulse</arg>, group <arg>pulse</arg>: if PulseAudio is running as a system
365 daemon (see <opt>--system</opt> above) and is started as root the
366 daemon will drop priviliges and become a normal user process using
367 this user and group. If PulseAudio is running as a user daemon
368 this user and group has no meaning.</p>
371 <section name="Real-time and high-priority scheduling">
372 <p>To minimize the risk of drop-outs during playback it is
373 recommended to run PulseAudio with real-time scheduling if the
374 underlying platform supports it. This decouples the scheduling
375 latency of the PulseAudio daemon from the system load and is thus
376 the best way to make sure that PulseAudio always gets CPU time
377 when it needs it to refill the hardware playback
378 buffers. Unfortunately this is a security risk on most systems,
379 since PulseAudio runs as user process, and giving realtime
380 scheduling priviliges to a user process always comes with the risk
381 that the user misuses it to lock up the system -- which is
382 possible since making a process real-time effectively disables
385 <p>To minimize the risk PulseAudio by default does not enable
386 real-time scheduling. It is however recommended to enable it
387 on trusted systems. To do that start PulseAudio with
388 <opt>--realtime</opt> (see above) or enabled the appropriate option in
389 <file>daemon.conf</file>. Since acquiring realtime scheduling is a
390 priviliged operation on most systems, some special changes to the
391 system configuration need to be made to allow them to the calling
392 user. Two options are available:</p>
394 <p>On newer Linux systems the system resource limit RLIMIT_RTPRIO
395 (see <manref name="setrlimit" section="2"/> for more information)
396 can be used to allow specific users to acquire real-time
397 scheduling. This can be configured in
398 <file>/etc/security/limits.conf</file>, a resource limit of 9 is recommended.</p>
400 <p>Alternatively, the SUID root bit can be set for the PulseAudio
401 binary. Then, the daemon will drop root priviliges immediately on
402 startup, however retain the CAP_NICE capability (on systems that
403 support it), but only if the calling user is a member of the
404 <arg>pulse-rt</arg> group (see above). For all other users all
405 capababilities are dropped immediately. The advantage of this
406 solution is that the real-time priviliges are only granted to the
407 PulseAudio daemon -- not to all the user's processes.</p>
409 <p>Alternatively, if the risk of locking up the machine is
410 considered too big to enable real-time scheduling, high-priority
411 scheduling can be enabled instead (i.e. negative nice level). This
412 can be enabled by passing <opt>--high-priority</opt> (see above)
413 when starting PulseAudio and may also be enabled with the
414 approriate option in <file>daemon.conf</file>. Negative nice
415 levels can only be enabled when the appropriate resource limit
416 RLIMIT_NICE is set (see <manref name="setrlimit" section="2"/> for
417 more information), possibly configured in
418 <file>/etc/security/limits.conf</file>. A resource limit of 31
419 (corresponding with nice level -11) is recommended.</p>
422 <section name="Environment variables">
424 <p>The PulseAudio client libraries check for the existance of the
425 following environment variables and change their local configuration accordingly:</p>
427 <p><arg>$PULSE_SERVER</arg>: the server string specifying the server to connect to when a client asks for a sound server connection and doesn't explicitly ask for a specific server.</p>
429 <p><arg>$PULSE_SINK</arg>: the symbolic name of the sink to connect to when a client creates a playback stream and doesn't explicitly ask for a specific sink.</p>
431 <p><arg>$PULSE_SOURCE</arg>: the symbolic name of the source to connect to when a client creates a record stream and doesn't explicitly ask for a specific source.</p>
433 <p><arg>$PULSE_BINARY</arg>: path of PulseAudio executable to run when server auto-spawning is used.</p>
435 <p><arg>$PULSE_CLIENTCONFIG</arg>: path of file that shall be read instead of <file>client.conf</file> (see above) for client configuration.</p>
437 <p>These environment settings take precedence -- if set -- over the configuration settings from <file>client.conf</file> (see above).</p>
441 <section name="Authors">
442 <p>The PulseAudio Developers <@PACKAGE_BUGREPORT@>; PulseAudio is available from <url href="@PACKAGE_URL@"/></p>
445 <section name="See also">
447 <manref name="pulse-daemon.conf" section="5"/>, <manref name="default.pa" section="5"/>, <manref name="pulse-client.conf" section="5"/>, <manref name="pacmd" section="1"/>