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6 .\" Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem
7 .\" Source: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem
10 .TH "NEWUSERS" "8" "02/16/2011" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem"
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15 .\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
16 .\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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31 newusers \- wsadowa aktualizacja i tworzenie nowych użytkownik\('ow
33 .HP \w'\fBnewusers\fR\ 'u
34 \fBnewusers\fR [\fIopcje\fR\ \fInew_users\fR]
39 command reads a file of user name and clear\-text password pairs and uses this information to update a group of existing users or to create new users\&. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see
40 \fBpasswd\fR(5)) with the exceptions explained below:
42 pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell
46 This is the name of the user\&.
48 It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or an user created before by
49 \fBnewusers\fR)\&. In case of an existing user, the user\*(Aqs information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created\&.
54 To pole zostanie zakodowane i użyte jako nowa wartość zakodowanego has\(/la\&.
59 This field is used to define the UID of the user\&.
61 If the field is empty, an new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by
64 If this field contains a number, this number will be used as the UID\&.
66 If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of an user created before by
67 \fBnewusers\fR), the UID of the specified user will be used\&.
69 If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership of the user\*(Aqs file should be fixed manually\&.
74 This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user\&.
76 If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by
77 \fBnewusers\fR), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user\&.
79 If this field is a number, this number will be used as the primary group ID of the user\&. If no groups exist with this GID, a new group will be created with this GID, and the name of the user\&.
81 If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by
83 to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group\&.
85 If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created earlier wbefore by
86 \fBnewusers\fR), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by
88 to be used as the primary group ID for the user and Gs the ID for the new group\&.
93 This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user\&.
98 This field is used to define the home directory of the user\&.
100 If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group\&.
102 If the home directory of an existing user is changed,
104 does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location\&. This should be done manually\&.
109 This field defines the shell of the user\&. No checks are performed on this field\&.
114 first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases\&. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases\&.
116 This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many accounts are updated at a single time\&.
119 The options which apply to the
123 \fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
125 Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords\&.
127 The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc support these methods\&.
130 \fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
132 Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&.
135 \fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
137 Create a system account\&.
139 System users will be created with no aging information in
140 /etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are choosen in the
141 \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
143 login\&.defs, instead of
144 \fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
147 counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
150 \fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
152 Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords\&.
154 The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds for the crypt method (5000)\&.
156 A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced\&.
158 You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method\&.
160 By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
165 The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted passwords\&.
167 You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect the system\*(Aqs password policy\&.
170 The following configuration variables in
172 change the behavior of this tool:
174 \fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string)
176 This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)\&.
178 It can take one of these values:
225 Note: this parameter overrides the
230 \fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number)
232 Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by
238 \fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
240 Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
242 (with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
244 The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&.
246 This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&.
248 If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&.
250 Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&.
253 \fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean)
255 Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to
256 \fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to
258 if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is
261 This variable is superceded by the
263 variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&.
265 This variable is deprecated\&. You should use
266 \fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&.
269 \fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number)
271 The maximum number of days a password may be used\&. If the password is older than this, a password change will be forced\&. If not specified, \-1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&.
274 \fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number)
276 The minimum number of days allowed between password changes\&. Any password changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected\&. If not specified, \-1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&.
279 \fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number)
281 The number of days warning given before a password expires\&. A zero means warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means no warning is given\&. If not specified, no warning will be provided\&.
284 \fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number)
291 \fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&.
293 With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&.
295 If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000)\&.
297 The values must be inside the 1000\-999999999 range\&.
300 \fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
302 \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
303 values is set, then this value will be used\&.
306 \fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
308 \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&.
311 \fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number)
313 Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by
319 \fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR (number)
321 Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by
327 \fBUID_MAX\fR (number), \fBUID_MIN\fR (number)
329 Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by
337 The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value\&. If not specified, the mask will be initialized to 022\&.
343 use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create
347 to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overriden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if
349 is set) or by the specification of a limit with the
358 Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&.
363 Informacje chronione o użytkownikach\&.
368 Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
373 Informacje chronione o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&.
378 Konfiguracja pakietu shadow\&.