1 .\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE! It was generated by help2man 1.35.
2 .TH LS "1" "March 2007" "GNU coreutils 6.9" "User Commands"
4 ls \- list directory contents
7 [\fIOPTION\fR]... [\fIFILE\fR]...
9 .\" Add any additional description here
11 List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
12 Sort entries alphabetically if none of \fB\-cftuvSUX\fR nor \fB\-\-sort\fR.
14 Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
16 \fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
17 do not ignore entries starting with .
19 \fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-almost\-all\fR
20 do not list implied . and ..
23 with \fB\-l\fR, print the author of each file
25 \fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-escape\fR
26 print octal escapes for nongraphic characters
28 \fB\-\-block\-size\fR=\fISIZE\fR
31 \fB\-B\fR, \fB\-\-ignore\-backups\fR
32 do not list implied entries ending with ~
35 with \fB\-lt\fR: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
36 modification of file status information)
37 with \fB\-l\fR: show ctime and sort by name
38 otherwise: sort by ctime
41 list entries by columns
43 \fB\-\-color\fR[=\fIWHEN\fR]
44 control whether color is used to distinguish file
45 types. WHEN may be `never', `always', or `auto'
47 \fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-directory\fR
48 list directory entries instead of contents,
49 and do not dereference symbolic links
51 \fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-dired\fR
52 generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
55 do not sort, enable \fB\-aU\fR, disable \fB\-ls\fR \fB\-\-color\fR
57 \fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-classify\fR
58 append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
61 likewise, except do not append `*'
63 \fB\-\-format\fR=\fIWORD\fR
64 across \fB\-x\fR, commas \fB\-m\fR, horizontal \fB\-x\fR, long \fB\-l\fR,
65 single\-column \fB\-1\fR, verbose \fB\-l\fR, vertical \fB\-C\fR
68 like \fB\-l\fR \fB\-\-time\-style\fR=\fIfull\-iso\fR
71 like \fB\-l\fR, but do not list owner
73 \fB\-\-group\-directories\-first\fR
74 group directories before files
76 \fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-no\-group\fR
77 in a long listing, don't print group names
79 \fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-human\-readable\fR
80 with \fB\-l\fR, print sizes in human readable format
84 likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
86 \fB\-H\fR, \fB\-\-dereference\-command\-line\fR
87 follow symbolic links listed on the command line
89 \fB\-\-dereference\-command\-line\-symlink\-to\-dir\fR
90 follow each command line symbolic link
91 that points to a directory
93 \fB\-\-hide\fR=\fIPATTERN\fR
94 do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
95 (overridden by \fB\-a\fR or \fB\-A\fR)
97 \fB\-\-indicator\-style\fR=\fIWORD\fR
98 append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
99 none (default), slash (\fB\-p\fR),
100 file\-type (\fB\-\-file\-type\fR), classify (\fB\-F\fR)
102 \fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inode\fR
103 print the index number of each file
105 \fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-ignore\fR=\fIPATTERN\fR
106 do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
109 like \fB\-\-block\-size\fR=\fI1K\fR
112 use a long listing format
114 \fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-dereference\fR
115 when showing file information for a symbolic
116 link, show information for the file the link
117 references rather than for the link itself
120 fill width with a comma separated list of entries
122 \fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-numeric\-uid\-gid\fR
123 like \fB\-l\fR, but list numeric user and group IDs
125 \fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-literal\fR
126 print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
127 characters specially)
130 like \fB\-l\fR, but do not list group information
132 \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-indicator\-style\fR=\fIslash\fR
133 append / indicator to directories
135 \fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-hide\-control\-chars\fR
136 print ? instead of non graphic characters
138 \fB\-\-show\-control\-chars\fR
139 show non graphic characters as\-is (default
140 unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
142 \fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-quote\-name\fR
143 enclose entry names in double quotes
145 \fB\-\-quoting\-style\fR=\fIWORD\fR
146 use quoting style WORD for entry names:
147 literal, locale, shell, shell\-always, c, escape
149 \fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reverse\fR
150 reverse order while sorting
152 \fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-recursive\fR
153 list subdirectories recursively
155 \fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-size\fR
156 print the size of each file, in blocks
161 \fB\-\-sort\fR=\fIWORD\fR
162 sort by WORD instead of name: none \fB\-U\fR,
163 extension \fB\-X\fR, size \fB\-S\fR, time \fB\-t\fR, version \fB\-v\fR
165 \fB\-\-time\fR=\fIWORD\fR
166 with \fB\-l\fR, show time as WORD instead of modification
167 time: atime \fB\-u\fR, access \fB\-u\fR, use \fB\-u\fR, ctime \fB\-c\fR,
168 or status \fB\-c\fR; use specified time as sort key
169 if \fB\-\-sort\fR=\fItime\fR
171 \fB\-\-time\-style\fR=\fISTYLE\fR
172 with \fB\-l\fR, show times using style STYLE:
173 full\-iso, long\-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.
174 FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is
175 FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
176 non\-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
177 if STYLE is prefixed with `posix\-', STYLE
178 takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
181 sort by modification time
183 \fB\-T\fR, \fB\-\-tabsize\fR=\fICOLS\fR
184 assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
187 with \fB\-lt\fR: sort by, and show, access time
188 with \fB\-l\fR: show access time and sort by name
189 otherwise: sort by access time
192 do not sort; list entries in directory order
197 \fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-width\fR=\fICOLS\fR
198 assume screen width instead of current value
201 list entries by lines instead of by columns
204 sort alphabetically by entry extension
207 list one file per line
210 display this help and exit
213 output version information and exit
215 SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:
216 kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
218 By default, color is not used to distinguish types of files. That is
219 equivalent to using \fB\-\-color\fR=\fInone\fR. Using the \fB\-\-color\fR option without the
220 optional WHEN argument is equivalent to using \fB\-\-color\fR=\fIalways\fR. With
221 \fB\-\-color\fR=\fIauto\fR, color codes are output only if standard output is connected
222 to a terminal (tty). The environment variable LS_COLORS can influence the
223 colors, and can be set easily by the dircolors command.
225 Exit status is 0 if OK, 1 if minor problems, 2 if serious trouble.
227 Written by Richard Stallman and David MacKenzie.
229 Report bugs to <bug\-coreutils@gnu.org>.
231 Copyright \(co 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
233 This is free software. You may redistribute copies of it under the terms of
234 the GNU General Public License <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
235 There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
237 The full documentation for
239 is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the
243 programs are properly installed at your site, the command
247 should give you access to the complete manual.