1 ===============================
2 Building a Distribution of LLVM
3 ===============================
11 This document is geared toward people who want to build and package LLVM and any
12 combination of LLVM sub-project tools for distribution. This document covers
13 useful features of the LLVM build system as well as best practices and general
14 information about packaging LLVM.
16 If you are new to CMake you may find the :doc:`CMake` or :doc:`CMakePrimer`
17 documentation useful. Some of the things covered in this document are the inner
18 workings of the builds described in the :doc:`AdvancedBuilds` document.
20 General Distribution Guidance
21 =============================
23 When building a distribution of a compiler it is generally advised to perform a
24 bootstrap build of the compiler. That means building a "stage 1" compiler with
25 your host toolchain, then building the "stage 2" compiler using the "stage 1"
26 compiler. This is done so that the compiler you distribute benefits from all the
27 bug fixes, performance optimizations and general improvements provided by the
30 In deciding how to build your distribution there are a few trade-offs that you
31 will need to evaluate. The big two are:
33 #. Compile time of the distribution against performance of the built compiler
35 #. Binary size of the distribution against performance of the built compiler
37 The guidance for maximizing performance of the generated compiler is to use LTO,
38 PGO, and statically link everything. This will result in an overall larger
39 distribution, and it will take longer to generate, but it provides the most
40 opportunity for the compiler to optimize.
42 The guidance for minimizing distribution size is to dynamically link LLVM and
43 Clang libraries into the tools to reduce code duplication. This will come at a
44 substantial performance penalty to the generated binary both because it reduces
45 optimization opportunity, and because dynamic linking requires resolving symbols
46 at process launch time, which can be very slow for C++ code.
51 One very important note: Distributions should never be built using the
52 *BUILD_SHARED_LIBS* CMake option. That option exists for optimizing developer
53 workflow only. Due to design and implementation decisions, LLVM relies on
54 global data which can end up being duplicated across shared libraries
55 resulting in bugs. As such this is not a safe way to distribute LLVM or
58 The simplest example of building a distribution with reasonable performance is
59 captured in the DistributionExample CMake cache file located at
60 clang/cmake/caches/DistributionExample.cmake. The following command will perform
61 and install the distribution build:
63 .. code-block:: console
65 $ cmake -G Ninja -C <path to clang>/cmake/caches/DistributionExample.cmake <path to LLVM source>
66 $ ninja stage2-distribution
67 $ ninja stage2-install-distribution
69 Difference between ``install`` and ``install-distribution``
70 -----------------------------------------------------------
72 One subtle but important thing to note is the difference between the ``install``
73 and ``install-distribution`` targets. The ``install`` target is expected to
74 install every part of LLVM that your build is configured to generate except the
75 LLVM testing tools. Alternatively the ``install-distribution`` target, which is
76 recommended for building distributions, only installs specific parts of LLVM as
77 specified at configuration time by *LLVM_DISTRIBUTION_COMPONENTS*.
79 Additionally by default the ``install`` target will install the LLVM testing
80 tools as the public tools. This can be changed well by setting
81 *LLVM_INSTALL_TOOLCHAIN_ONLY* to ``On``. The LLVM tools are intended for
82 development and testing of LLVM, and should only be included in distributions
83 that support LLVM development.
85 When building with *LLVM_DISTRIBUTION_COMPONENTS* the build system also
86 generates a ``distribution`` target which builds all the components specified in
87 the list. This is a convenience build target to allow building just the
88 distributed pieces without needing to build all configured targets.
90 .. _Multi-distribution configurations:
92 Multi-distribution configurations
93 ---------------------------------
95 The ``install-distribution`` target described above is for building a single
96 distribution. LLVM's build system also supports building multiple distributions,
97 which can be used to e.g. have one distribution containing just tools and
98 another for libraries (to enable development). These are configured by setting
99 the *LLVM_DISTRIBUTIONS* variable to hold a list of all distribution names
100 (which conventionally start with an uppercase letter, e.g. "Development"), and
101 then setting the *LLVM_<distribution>_DISTRIBUTION_COMPONENTS* variable to the
102 list of targets for that distribution. For each distribution, the build system
103 generates an ``install-${distribution}-distribution`` target, where
104 ``${distribution}`` is the name of the distribution in lowercase, to install
105 that distribution. Each target can only be in one distribution.
107 Each distribution creates its own set of CMake exports, and the target to
108 install the CMake exports for a particular distribution for a project is named
109 ``${project}-${distribution}-cmake-exports``, where ``${project}`` is the name
110 of the project in lowercase and ``${distribution}`` is the name of the
111 distribution in lowercase, unless the project is LLVM, in which case the target
112 is just named ``${distribution}-cmake-exports``. These targets need to be
113 explicitly included in the *LLVM_<distribution>_DISTRIBUTION_COMPONENTS*
114 variable in order to be included as part of the distribution.
116 Unlike with the single distribution setup, when building multiple distributions,
117 any components specified in *LLVM_RUNTIME_DISTRIBUTION_COMPONENTS* are not
118 automatically added to any distribution. Instead, you must include the targets
119 explicitly in some *LLVM_<distribution>_DISTRIBUTION_COMPONENTS* list.
121 We strongly encourage looking at ``clang/cmake/caches/MultiDistributionExample.cmake``
122 as an example of configuring multiple distributions.
124 Special Notes for Library-only Distributions
125 --------------------------------------------
127 One of the most powerful features of LLVM is its library-first design mentality
128 and the way you can compose a wide variety of tools using different portions of
129 LLVM. Even in this situation using *BUILD_SHARED_LIBS* is not supported. If you
130 want to distribute LLVM as a shared library for use in a tool, the recommended
131 method is using *LLVM_BUILD_LLVM_DYLIB*, and you can use *LLVM_DYLIB_COMPONENTS*
132 to configure which LLVM components are part of libLLVM.
133 Note: *LLVM_BUILD_LLVM_DYLIB* is not available on Windows.
135 Options for Optimizing LLVM
136 ===========================
138 There are four main build optimizations that our CMake build system supports.
139 When performing a bootstrap build it is not beneficial to do anything other than
140 setting *CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE* to ``Release`` for the stage-1 compiler. This is
141 because the more intensive optimizations are expensive to perform and the
142 stage-1 compiler is thrown away. All of the further options described should be
143 set on the stage-2 compiler either using a CMake cache file, or by prefixing the
144 option with *BOOTSTRAP_*.
146 The first and simplest to use is the compiler optimization level by setting the
147 *CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE* option. The main values of interest are ``Release`` or
148 ``RelWithDebInfo``. By default the ``Release`` option uses the ``-O3``
149 optimization level, and ``RelWithDebInfo`` uses ``-O2``. If you want to generate
150 debug information and use ``-O3`` you can override the
151 *CMAKE_<LANG>_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO* option for C and CXX.
152 DistributionExample.cmake does this.
154 Another easy to use option is Link-Time-Optimization. You can set the
155 *LLVM_ENABLE_LTO* option on your stage-2 build to ``Thin`` or ``Full`` to enable
156 building LLVM with LTO. These options will significantly increase link time of
157 the binaries in the distribution, but it will create much faster binaries. This
158 option should not be used if your distribution includes static archives, as the
159 objects inside the archive will be LLVM bitcode, which is not portable.
161 The :doc:`AdvancedBuilds` documentation describes the built-in tooling for
162 generating LLVM profiling information to drive Profile-Guided-Optimization. The
163 in-tree profiling tests are very limited, and generating the profile takes a
164 significant amount of time, but it can result in a significant improvement in
165 the performance of the generated binaries.
167 In addition to PGO profiling we also have limited support in-tree for generating
168 linker order files. These files provide the linker with a suggested ordering for
169 functions in the final binary layout. This can measurably speed up clang by
170 physically grouping functions that are called temporally close to each other.
171 The current tooling is only available on Darwin systems with ``dtrace(1)``. It
172 is worth noting that dtrace is non-deterministic, and so the order file
173 generation using dtrace is also non-deterministic.
175 Options for Reducing Size
176 =========================
179 Any steps taken to reduce the binary size will come at a cost of runtime
180 performance in the generated binaries.
182 The simplest and least significant way to reduce binary size is to set the
183 *CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE* variable to ``MinSizeRel``, which will set the compiler
184 optimization level to ``-Os`` which optimizes for binary size. This will have
185 both the least benefit to size and the least impact on performance.
187 The most impactful way to reduce binary size is to dynamically link LLVM into
188 all the tools. This reduces code size by decreasing duplication of common code
189 between the LLVM-based tools. This can be done by setting the following two
190 CMake options to ``On``: *LLVM_BUILD_LLVM_DYLIB* and *LLVM_LINK_LLVM_DYLIB*.
193 Distributions should never be built using the *BUILD_SHARED_LIBS* CMake
194 option. (:ref:`See the warning above for more explanation <shared_libs>`.).
196 Relevant CMake Options
197 ======================
199 This section provides documentation of the CMake options that are intended to
200 help construct distributions. This is not an exhaustive list, and many
201 additional options are documented in the :doc:`CMake` page. Some key options
202 that are already documented include: *LLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD*,
203 *LLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS*, *LLVM_BUILD_LLVM_DYLIB*, and *LLVM_LINK_LLVM_DYLIB*.
205 **LLVM_ENABLE_RUNTIMES**:STRING
206 When building a distribution that includes LLVM runtime projects (i.e. libcxx,
207 compiler-rt, libcxxabi, libunwind...), it is important to build those projects
208 with the just-built compiler.
210 **LLVM_DISTRIBUTION_COMPONENTS**:STRING
211 This variable can be set to a semi-colon separated list of LLVM build system
212 components to install. All LLVM-based tools are components, as well as most
213 of the libraries and runtimes. Component names match the names of the build
216 **LLVM_DISTRIBUTIONS**:STRING
217 This variable can be set to a semi-colon separated list of distributions. See
218 the :ref:`Multi-distribution configurations` section above for details on this
219 and other CMake variables to configure multiple distributions.
221 **LLVM_RUNTIME_DISTRIBUTION_COMPONENTS**:STRING
222 This variable can be set to a semi-colon separated list of runtime library
223 components. This is used in conjunction with *LLVM_ENABLE_RUNTIMES* to specify
224 components of runtime libraries that you want to include in your distribution.
225 Just like with *LLVM_DISTRIBUTION_COMPONENTS*, component names match the names
226 of the build system targets.
228 **LLVM_DYLIB_COMPONENTS**:STRING
229 This variable can be set to a semi-colon separated name of LLVM library
230 components. LLVM library components are either library names with the LLVM
231 prefix removed (i.e. Support, Demangle...), LLVM target names, or special
232 purpose component names. The special purpose component names are:
234 #. ``all`` - All LLVM available component libraries
235 #. ``Native`` - The LLVM target for the Native system
236 #. ``AllTargetsAsmParsers`` - All the included target ASM parsers libraries
237 #. ``AllTargetsDescs`` - All the included target descriptions libraries
238 #. ``AllTargetsDisassemblers`` - All the included target dissassemblers libraries
239 #. ``AllTargetsInfos`` - All the included target info libraries
241 **LLVM_INSTALL_TOOLCHAIN_ONLY**:BOOL
242 This option defaults to ``Off``: when set to ``On`` it removes many of the
243 LLVM development and testing tools as well as component libraries from the
244 default ``install`` target. Including the development tools is not recommended
245 for distributions as many of the LLVM tools are only intended for development