1 /* -*- Mode: C; indent-tabs-mode:t ; c-basic-offset:8 -*- */
3 * Core functions for libusb
4 * Copyright © 2012-2013 Nathan Hjelm <hjelmn@cs.unm.edu>
5 * Copyright © 2007-2008 Daniel Drake <dsd@gentoo.org>
6 * Copyright © 2001 Johannes Erdfelt <johannes@erdfelt.com>
8 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
9 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
10 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
11 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
13 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
19 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
20 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
30 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
31 #include <sys/types.h>
33 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
41 #include <android/log.h>
48 const struct usbi_os_backend * const usbi_backend = &linux_usbfs_backend;
49 #elif defined(OS_DARWIN)
50 const struct usbi_os_backend * const usbi_backend = &darwin_backend;
51 #elif defined(OS_OPENBSD)
52 const struct usbi_os_backend * const usbi_backend = &openbsd_backend;
53 #elif defined(OS_NETBSD)
54 const struct usbi_os_backend * const usbi_backend = &netbsd_backend;
55 #elif defined(OS_WINDOWS)
57 #if defined(USE_USBDK)
58 const struct usbi_os_backend * const usbi_backend = &usbdk_backend;
60 const struct usbi_os_backend * const usbi_backend = &windows_backend;
63 #elif defined(OS_WINCE)
64 const struct usbi_os_backend * const usbi_backend = &wince_backend;
65 #elif defined(OS_HAIKU)
66 const struct usbi_os_backend * const usbi_backend = &haiku_usb_raw_backend;
68 #error "Unsupported OS"
71 struct libusb_context *usbi_default_context = NULL;
72 static const struct libusb_version libusb_version_internal =
73 { LIBUSB_MAJOR, LIBUSB_MINOR, LIBUSB_MICRO, LIBUSB_NANO,
74 LIBUSB_RC, "http://libusb.info" };
75 static int default_context_refcnt = 0;
76 static usbi_mutex_static_t default_context_lock = USBI_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
77 static struct timeval timestamp_origin = { 0, 0 };
79 usbi_mutex_static_t active_contexts_lock = USBI_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
80 struct list_head active_contexts_list;
83 * \mainpage libusb-1.0 API Reference
85 * \section intro Introduction
87 * libusb is an open source library that allows you to communicate with USB
88 * devices from userspace. For more info, see the
89 * <a href="http://libusb.info">libusb homepage</a>.
91 * This documentation is aimed at application developers wishing to
92 * communicate with USB peripherals from their own software. After reviewing
93 * this documentation, feedback and questions can be sent to the
94 * <a href="http://mailing-list.libusb.info">libusb-devel mailing list</a>.
96 * This documentation assumes knowledge of how to operate USB devices from
97 * a software standpoint (descriptors, configurations, interfaces, endpoints,
98 * control/bulk/interrupt/isochronous transfers, etc). Full information
99 * can be found in the <a href="http://www.usb.org/developers/docs/">USB 3.0
100 * Specification</a> which is available for free download. You can probably
101 * find less verbose introductions by searching the web.
103 * \section API Application Programming Interface (API)
105 * See the \ref libusb_api page for a complete list of the libusb functions.
107 * \section features Library features
109 * - All transfer types supported (control/bulk/interrupt/isochronous)
110 * - 2 transfer interfaces:
111 * -# Synchronous (simple)
112 * -# Asynchronous (more complicated, but more powerful)
113 * - Thread safe (although the asynchronous interface means that you
114 * usually won't need to thread)
115 * - Lightweight with lean API
116 * - Compatible with libusb-0.1 through the libusb-compat-0.1 translation layer
117 * - Hotplug support (on some platforms). See \ref libusb_hotplug.
119 * \section gettingstarted Getting Started
121 * To begin reading the API documentation, start with the Modules page which
122 * links to the different categories of libusb's functionality.
124 * One decision you will have to make is whether to use the synchronous
125 * or the asynchronous data transfer interface. The \ref libusb_io documentation
126 * provides some insight into this topic.
128 * Some example programs can be found in the libusb source distribution under
129 * the "examples" subdirectory. The libusb homepage includes a list of
130 * real-life project examples which use libusb.
132 * \section errorhandling Error handling
134 * libusb functions typically return 0 on success or a negative error code
135 * on failure. These negative error codes relate to LIBUSB_ERROR constants
136 * which are listed on the \ref libusb_misc "miscellaneous" documentation page.
138 * \section msglog Debug message logging
140 * libusb uses stderr for all logging. By default, logging is set to NONE,
141 * which means that no output will be produced. However, unless the library
142 * has been compiled with logging disabled, then any application calls to
143 * libusb_set_debug(), or the setting of the environmental variable
144 * LIBUSB_DEBUG outside of the application, can result in logging being
145 * produced. Your application should therefore not close stderr, but instead
146 * direct it to the null device if its output is undesirable.
148 * The libusb_set_debug() function can be used to enable logging of certain
149 * messages. Under standard configuration, libusb doesn't really log much
150 * so you are advised to use this function to enable all error/warning/
151 * informational messages. It will help debug problems with your software.
153 * The logged messages are unstructured. There is no one-to-one correspondence
154 * between messages being logged and success or failure return codes from
155 * libusb functions. There is no format to the messages, so you should not
156 * try to capture or parse them. They are not and will not be localized.
157 * These messages are not intended to being passed to your application user;
158 * instead, you should interpret the error codes returned from libusb functions
159 * and provide appropriate notification to the user. The messages are simply
160 * there to aid you as a programmer, and if you're confused because you're
161 * getting a strange error code from a libusb function, enabling message
162 * logging may give you a suitable explanation.
164 * The LIBUSB_DEBUG environment variable can be used to enable message logging
165 * at run-time. This environment variable should be set to a log level number,
166 * which is interpreted the same as the libusb_set_debug() parameter. When this
167 * environment variable is set, the message logging verbosity level is fixed
168 * and libusb_set_debug() effectively does nothing.
170 * libusb can be compiled without any logging functions, useful for embedded
171 * systems. In this case, libusb_set_debug() and the LIBUSB_DEBUG environment
172 * variable have no effects.
174 * libusb can also be compiled with verbose debugging messages always. When
175 * the library is compiled in this way, all messages of all verbosities are
176 * always logged. libusb_set_debug() and the LIBUSB_DEBUG environment variable
179 * \section remarks Other remarks
181 * libusb does have imperfections. The \ref libusb_caveats "caveats" page attempts
186 * \page libusb_caveats Caveats
188 * \section devresets Device resets
190 * The libusb_reset_device() function allows you to reset a device. If your
191 * program has to call such a function, it should obviously be aware that
192 * the reset will cause device state to change (e.g. register values may be
195 * The problem is that any other program could reset the device your program
196 * is working with, at any time. libusb does not offer a mechanism to inform
197 * you when this has happened, so if someone else resets your device it will
198 * not be clear to your own program why the device state has changed.
200 * Ultimately, this is a limitation of writing drivers in userspace.
201 * Separation from the USB stack in the underlying kernel makes it difficult
202 * for the operating system to deliver such notifications to your program.
203 * The Linux kernel USB stack allows such reset notifications to be delivered
204 * to in-kernel USB drivers, but it is not clear how such notifications could
205 * be delivered to second-class drivers that live in userspace.
207 * \section blockonly Blocking-only functionality
209 * The functionality listed below is only available through synchronous,
210 * blocking functions. There are no asynchronous/non-blocking alternatives,
211 * and no clear ways of implementing these.
213 * - Configuration activation (libusb_set_configuration())
214 * - Interface/alternate setting activation (libusb_set_interface_alt_setting())
215 * - Releasing of interfaces (libusb_release_interface())
216 * - Clearing of halt/stall condition (libusb_clear_halt())
217 * - Device resets (libusb_reset_device())
219 * \section configsel Configuration selection and handling
221 * When libusb presents a device handle to an application, there is a chance
222 * that the corresponding device may be in unconfigured state. For devices
223 * with multiple configurations, there is also a chance that the configuration
224 * currently selected is not the one that the application wants to use.
226 * The obvious solution is to add a call to libusb_set_configuration() early
227 * on during your device initialization routines, but there are caveats to
229 * -# If the device is already in the desired configuration, calling
230 * libusb_set_configuration() using the same configuration value will cause
231 * a lightweight device reset. This may not be desirable behaviour.
232 * -# In the case where the desired configuration is already active, libusb
233 * may not even be able to perform a lightweight device reset. For example,
234 * take my USB keyboard with fingerprint reader: I'm interested in driving
235 * the fingerprint reader interface through libusb, but the kernel's
236 * USB-HID driver will almost always have claimed the keyboard interface.
237 * Because the kernel has claimed an interface, it is not even possible to
238 * perform the lightweight device reset, so libusb_set_configuration() will
239 * fail. (Luckily the device in question only has a single configuration.)
240 * -# libusb will be unable to set a configuration if other programs or
241 * drivers have claimed interfaces. In particular, this means that kernel
242 * drivers must be detached from all the interfaces before
243 * libusb_set_configuration() may succeed.
245 * One solution to some of the above problems is to consider the currently
246 * active configuration. If the configuration we want is already active, then
247 * we don't have to select any configuration:
250 libusb_get_configuration(dev, &cfg);
252 libusb_set_configuration(dev, desired);
255 * This is probably suitable for most scenarios, but is inherently racy:
256 * another application or driver may change the selected configuration
257 * <em>after</em> the libusb_get_configuration() call.
259 * Even in cases where libusb_set_configuration() succeeds, consider that other
260 * applications or drivers may change configuration after your application
261 * calls libusb_set_configuration().
263 * One possible way to lock your device into a specific configuration is as
265 * -# Set the desired configuration (or use the logic above to realise that
266 * it is already in the desired configuration)
267 * -# Claim the interface that you wish to use
268 * -# Check that the currently active configuration is the one that you want
271 * The above method works because once an interface is claimed, no application
272 * or driver is able to select another configuration.
274 * \section earlycomp Early transfer completion
276 * NOTE: This section is currently Linux-centric. I am not sure if any of these
277 * considerations apply to Darwin or other platforms.
279 * When a transfer completes early (i.e. when less data is received/sent in
280 * any one packet than the transfer buffer allows for) then libusb is designed
281 * to terminate the transfer immediately, not transferring or receiving any
282 * more data unless other transfers have been queued by the user.
284 * On legacy platforms, libusb is unable to do this in all situations. After
285 * the incomplete packet occurs, "surplus" data may be transferred. For recent
286 * versions of libusb, this information is kept (the data length of the
287 * transfer is updated) and, for device-to-host transfers, any surplus data was
288 * added to the buffer. Still, this is not a nice solution because it loses the
289 * information about the end of the short packet, and the user probably wanted
290 * that surplus data to arrive in the next logical transfer.
293 * \section zlp Zero length packets
295 * - libusb is able to send a packet of zero length to an endpoint simply by
296 * submitting a transfer of zero length.
297 * - The \ref libusb_transfer_flags::LIBUSB_TRANSFER_ADD_ZERO_PACKET
298 * "LIBUSB_TRANSFER_ADD_ZERO_PACKET" flag is currently only supported on Linux.
302 * \page libusb_contexts Contexts
304 * It is possible that libusb may be used simultaneously from two independent
305 * libraries linked into the same executable. For example, if your application
306 * has a plugin-like system which allows the user to dynamically load a range
307 * of modules into your program, it is feasible that two independently
308 * developed modules may both use libusb.
310 * libusb is written to allow for these multiple user scenarios. The two
311 * "instances" of libusb will not interfere: libusb_set_debug() calls
312 * from one user will not affect the same settings for other users, other
313 * users can continue using libusb after one of them calls libusb_exit(), etc.
315 * This is made possible through libusb's <em>context</em> concept. When you
316 * call libusb_init(), you are (optionally) given a context. You can then pass
317 * this context pointer back into future libusb functions.
319 * In order to keep things simple for more simplistic applications, it is
320 * legal to pass NULL to all functions requiring a context pointer (as long as
321 * you're sure no other code will attempt to use libusb from the same process).
322 * When you pass NULL, the default context will be used. The default context
323 * is created the first time a process calls libusb_init() when no other
324 * context is alive. Contexts are destroyed during libusb_exit().
326 * The default context is reference-counted and can be shared. That means that
327 * if libusb_init(NULL) is called twice within the same process, the two
328 * users end up sharing the same context. The deinitialization and freeing of
329 * the default context will only happen when the last user calls libusb_exit().
330 * In other words, the default context is created and initialized when its
331 * reference count goes from 0 to 1, and is deinitialized and destroyed when
332 * its reference count goes from 1 to 0.
334 * You may be wondering why only a subset of libusb functions require a
335 * context pointer in their function definition. Internally, libusb stores
336 * context pointers in other objects (e.g. libusb_device instances) and hence
337 * can infer the context from those objects.
341 * \page libusb_api Application Programming Interface
343 * This is the complete list of libusb functions, structures and
344 * enumerations in alphabetical order.
347 * - libusb_alloc_streams()
348 * - libusb_alloc_transfer()
349 * - libusb_attach_kernel_driver()
350 * - libusb_bulk_transfer()
351 * - libusb_cancel_transfer()
352 * - libusb_claim_interface()
353 * - libusb_clear_halt()
355 * - libusb_control_transfer()
356 * - libusb_control_transfer_get_data()
357 * - libusb_control_transfer_get_setup()
358 * - libusb_cpu_to_le16()
359 * - libusb_detach_kernel_driver()
360 * - libusb_dev_mem_alloc()
361 * - libusb_dev_mem_free()
362 * - libusb_error_name()
363 * - libusb_event_handler_active()
364 * - libusb_event_handling_ok()
366 * - libusb_fill_bulk_stream_transfer()
367 * - libusb_fill_bulk_transfer()
368 * - libusb_fill_control_setup()
369 * - libusb_fill_control_transfer()
370 * - libusb_fill_interrupt_transfer()
371 * - libusb_fill_iso_transfer()
372 * - libusb_free_bos_descriptor()
373 * - libusb_free_config_descriptor()
374 * - libusb_free_container_id_descriptor()
375 * - libusb_free_device_list()
376 * - libusb_free_pollfds()
377 * - libusb_free_ss_endpoint_companion_descriptor()
378 * - libusb_free_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor()
379 * - libusb_free_streams()
380 * - libusb_free_transfer()
381 * - libusb_free_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor()
382 * - libusb_get_active_config_descriptor()
383 * - libusb_get_bos_descriptor()
384 * - libusb_get_bus_number()
385 * - libusb_get_config_descriptor()
386 * - libusb_get_config_descriptor_by_value()
387 * - libusb_get_configuration()
388 * - libusb_get_container_id_descriptor()
389 * - libusb_get_descriptor()
390 * - libusb_get_device()
391 * - libusb_get_device_address()
392 * - libusb_get_device_descriptor()
393 * - libusb_get_device_list()
394 * - libusb_get_device_speed()
395 * - libusb_get_iso_packet_buffer()
396 * - libusb_get_iso_packet_buffer_simple()
397 * - libusb_get_max_iso_packet_size()
398 * - libusb_get_max_packet_size()
399 * - libusb_get_next_timeout()
400 * - libusb_get_parent()
401 * - libusb_get_pollfds()
402 * - libusb_get_port_number()
403 * - libusb_get_port_numbers()
404 * - libusb_get_port_path()
405 * - libusb_get_ss_endpoint_companion_descriptor()
406 * - libusb_get_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor()
407 * - libusb_get_string_descriptor()
408 * - libusb_get_string_descriptor_ascii()
409 * - libusb_get_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor()
410 * - libusb_get_version()
411 * - libusb_handle_events()
412 * - libusb_handle_events_completed()
413 * - libusb_handle_events_locked()
414 * - libusb_handle_events_timeout()
415 * - libusb_handle_events_timeout_completed()
416 * - libusb_has_capability()
417 * - libusb_hotplug_deregister_callback()
418 * - libusb_hotplug_register_callback()
420 * - libusb_interrupt_event_handler()
421 * - libusb_interrupt_transfer()
422 * - libusb_kernel_driver_active()
423 * - libusb_lock_events()
424 * - libusb_lock_event_waiters()
426 * - libusb_open_device_with_vid_pid()
427 * - libusb_pollfds_handle_timeouts()
428 * - libusb_ref_device()
429 * - libusb_release_interface()
430 * - libusb_reset_device()
431 * - libusb_set_auto_detach_kernel_driver()
432 * - libusb_set_configuration()
433 * - libusb_set_debug()
434 * - libusb_set_interface_alt_setting()
435 * - libusb_set_iso_packet_lengths()
436 * - libusb_setlocale()
437 * - libusb_set_pollfd_notifiers()
438 * - libusb_strerror()
439 * - libusb_submit_transfer()
440 * - libusb_transfer_get_stream_id()
441 * - libusb_transfer_set_stream_id()
442 * - libusb_try_lock_events()
443 * - libusb_unlock_events()
444 * - libusb_unlock_event_waiters()
445 * - libusb_unref_device()
446 * - libusb_wait_for_event()
448 * \section Structures
449 * - libusb_bos_descriptor
450 * - libusb_bos_dev_capability_descriptor
451 * - libusb_config_descriptor
452 * - libusb_container_id_descriptor
453 * - \ref libusb_context
454 * - libusb_control_setup
455 * - \ref libusb_device
456 * - libusb_device_descriptor
457 * - \ref libusb_device_handle
458 * - libusb_endpoint_descriptor
460 * - libusb_interface_descriptor
461 * - libusb_iso_packet_descriptor
463 * - libusb_ss_endpoint_companion_descriptor
464 * - libusb_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor
466 * - libusb_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor
470 * - \ref libusb_bos_type
471 * - \ref libusb_capability
472 * - \ref libusb_class_code
473 * - \ref libusb_descriptor_type
474 * - \ref libusb_endpoint_direction
475 * - \ref libusb_error
476 * - \ref libusb_iso_sync_type
477 * - \ref libusb_iso_usage_type
478 * - \ref libusb_log_level
479 * - \ref libusb_request_recipient
480 * - \ref libusb_request_type
481 * - \ref libusb_speed
482 * - \ref libusb_ss_usb_device_capability_attributes
483 * - \ref libusb_standard_request
484 * - \ref libusb_supported_speed
485 * - \ref libusb_transfer_flags
486 * - \ref libusb_transfer_status
487 * - \ref libusb_transfer_type
488 * - \ref libusb_usb_2_0_extension_attributes
492 * @defgroup libusb_lib Library initialization/deinitialization
493 * This page details how to initialize and deinitialize libusb. Initialization
494 * must be performed before using any libusb functionality, and similarly you
495 * must not call any libusb functions after deinitialization.
499 * @defgroup libusb_dev Device handling and enumeration
500 * The functionality documented below is designed to help with the following
502 * - Enumerating the USB devices currently attached to the system
503 * - Choosing a device to operate from your software
504 * - Opening and closing the chosen device
506 * \section nutshell In a nutshell...
508 * The description below really makes things sound more complicated than they
509 * actually are. The following sequence of function calls will be suitable
510 * for almost all scenarios and does not require you to have such a deep
511 * understanding of the resource management issues:
514 libusb_device **list;
515 libusb_device *found = NULL;
516 ssize_t cnt = libusb_get_device_list(NULL, &list);
522 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
523 libusb_device *device = list[i];
524 if (is_interesting(device)) {
531 libusb_device_handle *handle;
533 err = libusb_open(found, &handle);
539 libusb_free_device_list(list, 1);
542 * The two important points:
543 * - You asked libusb_free_device_list() to unreference the devices (2nd
545 * - You opened the device before freeing the list and unreferencing the
548 * If you ended up with a handle, you can now proceed to perform I/O on the
551 * \section devshandles Devices and device handles
552 * libusb has a concept of a USB device, represented by the
553 * \ref libusb_device opaque type. A device represents a USB device that
554 * is currently or was previously connected to the system. Using a reference
555 * to a device, you can determine certain information about the device (e.g.
556 * you can read the descriptor data).
558 * The libusb_get_device_list() function can be used to obtain a list of
559 * devices currently connected to the system. This is known as device
562 * Just because you have a reference to a device does not mean it is
563 * necessarily usable. The device may have been unplugged, you may not have
564 * permission to operate such device, or another program or driver may be
567 * When you've found a device that you'd like to operate, you must ask
568 * libusb to open the device using the libusb_open() function. Assuming
569 * success, libusb then returns you a <em>device handle</em>
570 * (a \ref libusb_device_handle pointer). All "real" I/O operations then
571 * operate on the handle rather than the original device pointer.
573 * \section devref Device discovery and reference counting
575 * Device discovery (i.e. calling libusb_get_device_list()) returns a
576 * freshly-allocated list of devices. The list itself must be freed when
577 * you are done with it. libusb also needs to know when it is OK to free
578 * the contents of the list - the devices themselves.
580 * To handle these issues, libusb provides you with two separate items:
581 * - A function to free the list itself
582 * - A reference counting system for the devices inside
584 * New devices presented by the libusb_get_device_list() function all have a
585 * reference count of 1. You can increase and decrease reference count using
586 * libusb_ref_device() and libusb_unref_device(). A device is destroyed when
587 * its reference count reaches 0.
589 * With the above information in mind, the process of opening a device can
590 * be viewed as follows:
591 * -# Discover devices using libusb_get_device_list().
592 * -# Choose the device that you want to operate, and call libusb_open().
593 * -# Unref all devices in the discovered device list.
594 * -# Free the discovered device list.
596 * The order is important - you must not unreference the device before
597 * attempting to open it, because unreferencing it may destroy the device.
599 * For convenience, the libusb_free_device_list() function includes a
600 * parameter to optionally unreference all the devices in the list before
601 * freeing the list itself. This combines steps 3 and 4 above.
603 * As an implementation detail, libusb_open() actually adds a reference to
604 * the device in question. This is because the device remains available
605 * through the handle via libusb_get_device(). The reference is deleted during
609 /** @defgroup libusb_misc Miscellaneous */
611 /* we traverse usbfs without knowing how many devices we are going to find.
612 * so we create this discovered_devs model which is similar to a linked-list
613 * which grows when required. it can be freed once discovery has completed,
614 * eliminating the need for a list node in the libusb_device structure
616 #define DISCOVERED_DEVICES_SIZE_STEP 8
618 static struct discovered_devs *discovered_devs_alloc(void)
620 struct discovered_devs *ret =
621 malloc(sizeof(*ret) + (sizeof(void *) * DISCOVERED_DEVICES_SIZE_STEP));
625 ret->capacity = DISCOVERED_DEVICES_SIZE_STEP;
630 static void discovered_devs_free(struct discovered_devs *discdevs)
634 for (i = 0; i < discdevs->len; i++)
635 libusb_unref_device(discdevs->devices[i]);
640 /* append a device to the discovered devices collection. may realloc itself,
641 * returning new discdevs. returns NULL on realloc failure. */
642 struct discovered_devs *discovered_devs_append(
643 struct discovered_devs *discdevs, struct libusb_device *dev)
645 size_t len = discdevs->len;
647 struct discovered_devs *new_discdevs;
649 /* if there is space, just append the device */
650 if (len < discdevs->capacity) {
651 discdevs->devices[len] = libusb_ref_device(dev);
656 /* exceeded capacity, need to grow */
657 usbi_dbg("need to increase capacity");
658 capacity = discdevs->capacity + DISCOVERED_DEVICES_SIZE_STEP;
659 /* can't use usbi_reallocf here because in failure cases it would
660 * free the existing discdevs without unreferencing its devices. */
661 new_discdevs = realloc(discdevs,
662 sizeof(*discdevs) + (sizeof(void *) * capacity));
664 discovered_devs_free(discdevs);
668 discdevs = new_discdevs;
669 discdevs->capacity = capacity;
670 discdevs->devices[len] = libusb_ref_device(dev);
676 /* Allocate a new device with a specific session ID. The returned device has
677 * a reference count of 1. */
678 struct libusb_device *usbi_alloc_device(struct libusb_context *ctx,
679 unsigned long session_id)
681 size_t priv_size = usbi_backend->device_priv_size;
682 struct libusb_device *dev = calloc(1, sizeof(*dev) + priv_size);
688 r = usbi_mutex_init(&dev->lock);
696 dev->session_data = session_id;
697 dev->speed = LIBUSB_SPEED_UNKNOWN;
699 if (!libusb_has_capability(LIBUSB_CAP_HAS_HOTPLUG)) {
700 usbi_connect_device (dev);
706 void usbi_connect_device(struct libusb_device *dev)
708 struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev);
712 usbi_mutex_lock(&dev->ctx->usb_devs_lock);
713 list_add(&dev->list, &dev->ctx->usb_devs);
714 usbi_mutex_unlock(&dev->ctx->usb_devs_lock);
716 /* Signal that an event has occurred for this device if we support hotplug AND
717 * the hotplug message list is ready. This prevents an event from getting raised
718 * during initial enumeration. */
719 if (libusb_has_capability(LIBUSB_CAP_HAS_HOTPLUG) && dev->ctx->hotplug_msgs.next) {
720 usbi_hotplug_notification(ctx, dev, LIBUSB_HOTPLUG_EVENT_DEVICE_ARRIVED);
724 void usbi_disconnect_device(struct libusb_device *dev)
726 struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev);
728 usbi_mutex_lock(&dev->lock);
730 usbi_mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
732 usbi_mutex_lock(&ctx->usb_devs_lock);
733 list_del(&dev->list);
734 usbi_mutex_unlock(&ctx->usb_devs_lock);
736 /* Signal that an event has occurred for this device if we support hotplug AND
737 * the hotplug message list is ready. This prevents an event from getting raised
738 * during initial enumeration. libusb_handle_events will take care of dereferencing
740 if (libusb_has_capability(LIBUSB_CAP_HAS_HOTPLUG) && dev->ctx->hotplug_msgs.next) {
741 usbi_hotplug_notification(ctx, dev, LIBUSB_HOTPLUG_EVENT_DEVICE_LEFT);
745 /* Perform some final sanity checks on a newly discovered device. If this
746 * function fails (negative return code), the device should not be added
747 * to the discovered device list. */
748 int usbi_sanitize_device(struct libusb_device *dev)
751 uint8_t num_configurations;
753 r = usbi_device_cache_descriptor(dev);
757 num_configurations = dev->device_descriptor.bNumConfigurations;
758 if (num_configurations > USB_MAXCONFIG) {
759 usbi_err(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "too many configurations");
760 return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
761 } else if (0 == num_configurations)
762 usbi_dbg("zero configurations, maybe an unauthorized device");
764 dev->num_configurations = num_configurations;
768 /* Examine libusb's internal list of known devices, looking for one with
769 * a specific session ID. Returns the matching device if it was found, and
771 struct libusb_device *usbi_get_device_by_session_id(struct libusb_context *ctx,
772 unsigned long session_id)
774 struct libusb_device *dev;
775 struct libusb_device *ret = NULL;
777 usbi_mutex_lock(&ctx->usb_devs_lock);
778 list_for_each_entry(dev, &ctx->usb_devs, list, struct libusb_device)
779 if (dev->session_data == session_id) {
780 ret = libusb_ref_device(dev);
783 usbi_mutex_unlock(&ctx->usb_devs_lock);
788 /** @ingroup libusb_dev
789 * Returns a list of USB devices currently attached to the system. This is
790 * your entry point into finding a USB device to operate.
792 * You are expected to unreference all the devices when you are done with
793 * them, and then free the list with libusb_free_device_list(). Note that
794 * libusb_free_device_list() can unref all the devices for you. Be careful
795 * not to unreference a device you are about to open until after you have
798 * This return value of this function indicates the number of devices in
799 * the resultant list. The list is actually one element larger, as it is
802 * \param ctx the context to operate on, or NULL for the default context
803 * \param list output location for a list of devices. Must be later freed with
804 * libusb_free_device_list().
805 * \returns the number of devices in the outputted list, or any
806 * \ref libusb_error according to errors encountered by the backend.
808 ssize_t API_EXPORTED libusb_get_device_list(libusb_context *ctx,
809 libusb_device ***list)
811 struct discovered_devs *discdevs = discovered_devs_alloc();
812 struct libusb_device **ret;
815 USBI_GET_CONTEXT(ctx);
819 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
821 if (libusb_has_capability(LIBUSB_CAP_HAS_HOTPLUG)) {
822 /* backend provides hotplug support */
823 struct libusb_device *dev;
825 if (usbi_backend->hotplug_poll)
826 usbi_backend->hotplug_poll();
828 usbi_mutex_lock(&ctx->usb_devs_lock);
829 list_for_each_entry(dev, &ctx->usb_devs, list, struct libusb_device) {
830 discdevs = discovered_devs_append(discdevs, dev);
833 r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
837 usbi_mutex_unlock(&ctx->usb_devs_lock);
839 /* backend does not provide hotplug support */
840 r = usbi_backend->get_device_list(ctx, &discdevs);
848 /* convert discovered_devs into a list */
850 ret = calloc(len + 1, sizeof(struct libusb_device *));
852 len = LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
857 for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
858 struct libusb_device *dev = discdevs->devices[i];
859 ret[i] = libusb_ref_device(dev);
865 discovered_devs_free(discdevs);
869 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
870 * Frees a list of devices previously discovered using
871 * libusb_get_device_list(). If the unref_devices parameter is set, the
872 * reference count of each device in the list is decremented by 1.
873 * \param list the list to free
874 * \param unref_devices whether to unref the devices in the list
876 void API_EXPORTED libusb_free_device_list(libusb_device **list,
884 struct libusb_device *dev;
886 while ((dev = list[i++]) != NULL)
887 libusb_unref_device(dev);
892 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
893 * Get the number of the bus that a device is connected to.
894 * \param dev a device
895 * \returns the bus number
897 uint8_t API_EXPORTED libusb_get_bus_number(libusb_device *dev)
899 return dev->bus_number;
902 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
903 * Get the number of the port that a device is connected to.
904 * Unless the OS does something funky, or you are hot-plugging USB extension cards,
905 * the port number returned by this call is usually guaranteed to be uniquely tied
906 * to a physical port, meaning that different devices plugged on the same physical
907 * port should return the same port number.
909 * But outside of this, there is no guarantee that the port number returned by this
910 * call will remain the same, or even match the order in which ports have been
911 * numbered by the HUB/HCD manufacturer.
913 * \param dev a device
914 * \returns the port number (0 if not available)
916 uint8_t API_EXPORTED libusb_get_port_number(libusb_device *dev)
918 return dev->port_number;
921 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
922 * Get the list of all port numbers from root for the specified device
924 * Since version 1.0.16, \ref LIBUSB_API_VERSION >= 0x01000102
925 * \param dev a device
926 * \param port_numbers the array that should contain the port numbers
927 * \param port_numbers_len the maximum length of the array. As per the USB 3.0
928 * specs, the current maximum limit for the depth is 7.
929 * \returns the number of elements filled
930 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_OVERFLOW if the array is too small
932 int API_EXPORTED libusb_get_port_numbers(libusb_device *dev,
933 uint8_t* port_numbers, int port_numbers_len)
935 int i = port_numbers_len;
936 struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev);
938 if (port_numbers_len <= 0)
939 return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
941 // HCDs can be listed as devices with port #0
942 while((dev) && (dev->port_number != 0)) {
944 usbi_warn(ctx, "port numbers array is too small");
945 return LIBUSB_ERROR_OVERFLOW;
947 port_numbers[i] = dev->port_number;
948 dev = dev->parent_dev;
950 if (i < port_numbers_len)
951 memmove(port_numbers, &port_numbers[i], port_numbers_len - i);
952 return port_numbers_len - i;
955 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
956 * Deprecated please use libusb_get_port_numbers instead.
958 int API_EXPORTED libusb_get_port_path(libusb_context *ctx, libusb_device *dev,
959 uint8_t* port_numbers, uint8_t port_numbers_len)
963 return libusb_get_port_numbers(dev, port_numbers, port_numbers_len);
966 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
967 * Get the the parent from the specified device.
968 * \param dev a device
969 * \returns the device parent or NULL if not available
970 * You should issue a \ref libusb_get_device_list() before calling this
971 * function and make sure that you only access the parent before issuing
972 * \ref libusb_free_device_list(). The reason is that libusb currently does
973 * not maintain a permanent list of device instances, and therefore can
974 * only guarantee that parents are fully instantiated within a
975 * libusb_get_device_list() - libusb_free_device_list() block.
978 libusb_device * LIBUSB_CALL libusb_get_parent(libusb_device *dev)
980 return dev->parent_dev;
983 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
984 * Get the address of the device on the bus it is connected to.
985 * \param dev a device
986 * \returns the device address
988 uint8_t API_EXPORTED libusb_get_device_address(libusb_device *dev)
990 return dev->device_address;
993 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
994 * Get the negotiated connection speed for a device.
995 * \param dev a device
996 * \returns a \ref libusb_speed code, where LIBUSB_SPEED_UNKNOWN means that
997 * the OS doesn't know or doesn't support returning the negotiated speed.
999 int API_EXPORTED libusb_get_device_speed(libusb_device *dev)
1004 static const struct libusb_endpoint_descriptor *find_endpoint(
1005 struct libusb_config_descriptor *config, unsigned char endpoint)
1008 for (iface_idx = 0; iface_idx < config->bNumInterfaces; iface_idx++) {
1009 const struct libusb_interface *iface = &config->interface[iface_idx];
1012 for (altsetting_idx = 0; altsetting_idx < iface->num_altsetting;
1014 const struct libusb_interface_descriptor *altsetting
1015 = &iface->altsetting[altsetting_idx];
1018 for (ep_idx = 0; ep_idx < altsetting->bNumEndpoints; ep_idx++) {
1019 const struct libusb_endpoint_descriptor *ep =
1020 &altsetting->endpoint[ep_idx];
1021 if (ep->bEndpointAddress == endpoint)
1029 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1030 * Convenience function to retrieve the wMaxPacketSize value for a particular
1031 * endpoint in the active device configuration.
1033 * This function was originally intended to be of assistance when setting up
1034 * isochronous transfers, but a design mistake resulted in this function
1035 * instead. It simply returns the wMaxPacketSize value without considering
1036 * its contents. If you're dealing with isochronous transfers, you probably
1037 * want libusb_get_max_iso_packet_size() instead.
1039 * \param dev a device
1040 * \param endpoint address of the endpoint in question
1041 * \returns the wMaxPacketSize value
1042 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if the endpoint does not exist
1043 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER on other failure
1045 int API_EXPORTED libusb_get_max_packet_size(libusb_device *dev,
1046 unsigned char endpoint)
1048 struct libusb_config_descriptor *config;
1049 const struct libusb_endpoint_descriptor *ep;
1052 r = libusb_get_active_config_descriptor(dev, &config);
1054 usbi_err(DEVICE_CTX(dev),
1055 "could not retrieve active config descriptor");
1056 return LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
1059 ep = find_endpoint(config, endpoint);
1061 r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
1065 r = ep->wMaxPacketSize;
1068 libusb_free_config_descriptor(config);
1072 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1073 * Calculate the maximum packet size which a specific endpoint is capable is
1074 * sending or receiving in the duration of 1 microframe
1076 * Only the active configuration is examined. The calculation is based on the
1077 * wMaxPacketSize field in the endpoint descriptor as described in section
1078 * 9.6.6 in the USB 2.0 specifications.
1080 * If acting on an isochronous or interrupt endpoint, this function will
1081 * multiply the value found in bits 0:10 by the number of transactions per
1082 * microframe (determined by bits 11:12). Otherwise, this function just
1083 * returns the numeric value found in bits 0:10.
1085 * This function is useful for setting up isochronous transfers, for example
1086 * you might pass the return value from this function to
1087 * libusb_set_iso_packet_lengths() in order to set the length field of every
1088 * isochronous packet in a transfer.
1092 * \param dev a device
1093 * \param endpoint address of the endpoint in question
1094 * \returns the maximum packet size which can be sent/received on this endpoint
1095 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if the endpoint does not exist
1096 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER on other failure
1098 int API_EXPORTED libusb_get_max_iso_packet_size(libusb_device *dev,
1099 unsigned char endpoint)
1101 struct libusb_config_descriptor *config;
1102 const struct libusb_endpoint_descriptor *ep;
1103 enum libusb_transfer_type ep_type;
1107 r = libusb_get_active_config_descriptor(dev, &config);
1109 usbi_err(DEVICE_CTX(dev),
1110 "could not retrieve active config descriptor");
1111 return LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
1114 ep = find_endpoint(config, endpoint);
1116 r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
1120 val = ep->wMaxPacketSize;
1121 ep_type = (enum libusb_transfer_type) (ep->bmAttributes & 0x3);
1124 if (ep_type == LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_ISOCHRONOUS
1125 || ep_type == LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_INTERRUPT)
1126 r *= (1 + ((val >> 11) & 3));
1129 libusb_free_config_descriptor(config);
1133 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1134 * Increment the reference count of a device.
1135 * \param dev the device to reference
1136 * \returns the same device
1139 libusb_device * LIBUSB_CALL libusb_ref_device(libusb_device *dev)
1141 usbi_mutex_lock(&dev->lock);
1143 usbi_mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
1147 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1148 * Decrement the reference count of a device. If the decrement operation
1149 * causes the reference count to reach zero, the device shall be destroyed.
1150 * \param dev the device to unreference
1152 void API_EXPORTED libusb_unref_device(libusb_device *dev)
1159 usbi_mutex_lock(&dev->lock);
1160 refcnt = --dev->refcnt;
1161 usbi_mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
1164 usbi_dbg("destroy device %d.%d", dev->bus_number, dev->device_address);
1166 libusb_unref_device(dev->parent_dev);
1168 if (usbi_backend->destroy_device)
1169 usbi_backend->destroy_device(dev);
1171 if (!libusb_has_capability(LIBUSB_CAP_HAS_HOTPLUG)) {
1172 /* backend does not support hotplug */
1173 usbi_disconnect_device(dev);
1176 usbi_mutex_destroy(&dev->lock);
1182 * Signal the event pipe so that the event handling thread will be
1183 * interrupted to process an internal event.
1185 int usbi_signal_event(struct libusb_context *ctx)
1187 unsigned char dummy = 1;
1190 /* write some data on event pipe to interrupt event handlers */
1191 r = usbi_write(ctx->event_pipe[1], &dummy, sizeof(dummy));
1192 if (r != sizeof(dummy)) {
1193 usbi_warn(ctx, "internal signalling write failed");
1194 return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
1201 * Clear the event pipe so that the event handling will no longer be
1204 int usbi_clear_event(struct libusb_context *ctx)
1206 unsigned char dummy;
1209 /* read some data on event pipe to clear it */
1210 r = usbi_read(ctx->event_pipe[0], &dummy, sizeof(dummy));
1211 if (r != sizeof(dummy)) {
1212 usbi_warn(ctx, "internal signalling read failed");
1213 return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
1219 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1220 * Open a device and obtain a device handle. A handle allows you to perform
1221 * I/O on the device in question.
1223 * Internally, this function adds a reference to the device and makes it
1224 * available to you through libusb_get_device(). This reference is removed
1225 * during libusb_close().
1227 * This is a non-blocking function; no requests are sent over the bus.
1229 * \param dev the device to open
1230 * \param dev_handle output location for the returned device handle pointer. Only
1231 * populated when the return code is 0.
1232 * \returns 0 on success
1233 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM on memory allocation failure
1234 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS if the user has insufficient permissions
1235 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE if the device has been disconnected
1236 * \returns another LIBUSB_ERROR code on other failure
1238 int API_EXPORTED libusb_open(libusb_device *dev,
1239 libusb_device_handle **dev_handle)
1241 struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev);
1242 struct libusb_device_handle *_dev_handle;
1243 size_t priv_size = usbi_backend->device_handle_priv_size;
1245 usbi_dbg("open %d.%d", dev->bus_number, dev->device_address);
1247 if (!dev->attached) {
1248 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
1251 _dev_handle = malloc(sizeof(*_dev_handle) + priv_size);
1253 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
1255 r = usbi_mutex_init(&_dev_handle->lock);
1258 return LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
1261 _dev_handle->dev = libusb_ref_device(dev);
1262 _dev_handle->auto_detach_kernel_driver = 0;
1263 _dev_handle->claimed_interfaces = 0;
1264 memset(&_dev_handle->os_priv, 0, priv_size);
1266 r = usbi_backend->open(_dev_handle);
1268 usbi_dbg("open %d.%d returns %d", dev->bus_number, dev->device_address, r);
1269 libusb_unref_device(dev);
1270 usbi_mutex_destroy(&_dev_handle->lock);
1275 usbi_mutex_lock(&ctx->open_devs_lock);
1276 list_add(&_dev_handle->list, &ctx->open_devs);
1277 usbi_mutex_unlock(&ctx->open_devs_lock);
1278 *dev_handle = _dev_handle;
1283 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1284 * Convenience function for finding a device with a particular
1285 * <tt>idVendor</tt>/<tt>idProduct</tt> combination. This function is intended
1286 * for those scenarios where you are using libusb to knock up a quick test
1287 * application - it allows you to avoid calling libusb_get_device_list() and
1288 * worrying about traversing/freeing the list.
1290 * This function has limitations and is hence not intended for use in real
1291 * applications: if multiple devices have the same IDs it will only
1292 * give you the first one, etc.
1294 * \param ctx the context to operate on, or NULL for the default context
1295 * \param vendor_id the idVendor value to search for
1296 * \param product_id the idProduct value to search for
1297 * \returns a device handle for the first found device, or NULL on error
1298 * or if the device could not be found. */
1300 libusb_device_handle * LIBUSB_CALL libusb_open_device_with_vid_pid(
1301 libusb_context *ctx, uint16_t vendor_id, uint16_t product_id)
1303 struct libusb_device **devs;
1304 struct libusb_device *found = NULL;
1305 struct libusb_device *dev;
1306 struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle = NULL;
1310 if (libusb_get_device_list(ctx, &devs) < 0)
1313 while ((dev = devs[i++]) != NULL) {
1314 struct libusb_device_descriptor desc;
1315 r = libusb_get_device_descriptor(dev, &desc);
1318 if (desc.idVendor == vendor_id && desc.idProduct == product_id) {
1325 r = libusb_open(found, &dev_handle);
1331 libusb_free_device_list(devs, 1);
1335 static void do_close(struct libusb_context *ctx,
1336 struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
1338 struct usbi_transfer *itransfer;
1339 struct usbi_transfer *tmp;
1341 libusb_lock_events(ctx);
1343 /* remove any transfers in flight that are for this device */
1344 usbi_mutex_lock(&ctx->flying_transfers_lock);
1346 /* safe iteration because transfers may be being deleted */
1347 list_for_each_entry_safe(itransfer, tmp, &ctx->flying_transfers, list, struct usbi_transfer) {
1348 struct libusb_transfer *transfer =
1349 USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
1351 if (transfer->dev_handle != dev_handle)
1354 if (!(itransfer->flags & USBI_TRANSFER_DEVICE_DISAPPEARED)) {
1355 usbi_err(ctx, "Device handle closed while transfer was still being processed, but the device is still connected as far as we know");
1357 if (itransfer->flags & USBI_TRANSFER_CANCELLING)
1358 usbi_warn(ctx, "A cancellation for an in-flight transfer hasn't completed but closing the device handle");
1360 usbi_err(ctx, "A cancellation hasn't even been scheduled on the transfer for which the device is closing");
1363 /* remove from the list of in-flight transfers and make sure
1364 * we don't accidentally use the device handle in the future
1365 * (or that such accesses will be easily caught and identified as a crash)
1367 usbi_mutex_lock(&itransfer->lock);
1368 list_del(&itransfer->list);
1369 transfer->dev_handle = NULL;
1370 usbi_mutex_unlock(&itransfer->lock);
1372 /* it is up to the user to free up the actual transfer struct. this is
1373 * just making sure that we don't attempt to process the transfer after
1374 * the device handle is invalid
1376 usbi_dbg("Removed transfer %p from the in-flight list because device handle %p closed",
1377 transfer, dev_handle);
1379 usbi_mutex_unlock(&ctx->flying_transfers_lock);
1381 libusb_unlock_events(ctx);
1383 usbi_mutex_lock(&ctx->open_devs_lock);
1384 list_del(&dev_handle->list);
1385 usbi_mutex_unlock(&ctx->open_devs_lock);
1387 usbi_backend->close(dev_handle);
1388 libusb_unref_device(dev_handle->dev);
1389 usbi_mutex_destroy(&dev_handle->lock);
1393 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1394 * Close a device handle. Should be called on all open handles before your
1395 * application exits.
1397 * Internally, this function destroys the reference that was added by
1398 * libusb_open() on the given device.
1400 * This is a non-blocking function; no requests are sent over the bus.
1402 * \param dev_handle the device handle to close
1404 void API_EXPORTED libusb_close(libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
1406 struct libusb_context *ctx;
1413 ctx = HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle);
1415 /* Similarly to libusb_open(), we want to interrupt all event handlers
1416 * at this point. More importantly, we want to perform the actual close of
1417 * the device while holding the event handling lock (preventing any other
1418 * thread from doing event handling) because we will be removing a file
1419 * descriptor from the polling loop. */
1421 /* Record that we are closing a device.
1422 * Only signal an event if there are no prior pending events. */
1423 usbi_mutex_lock(&ctx->event_data_lock);
1424 pending_events = usbi_pending_events(ctx);
1425 ctx->device_close++;
1426 if (!pending_events)
1427 usbi_signal_event(ctx);
1428 usbi_mutex_unlock(&ctx->event_data_lock);
1430 /* take event handling lock */
1431 libusb_lock_events(ctx);
1433 /* Close the device */
1434 do_close(ctx, dev_handle);
1436 /* We're done with closing this device.
1437 * Clear the event pipe if there are no further pending events. */
1438 usbi_mutex_lock(&ctx->event_data_lock);
1439 ctx->device_close--;
1440 pending_events = usbi_pending_events(ctx);
1441 if (!pending_events)
1442 usbi_clear_event(ctx);
1443 usbi_mutex_unlock(&ctx->event_data_lock);
1445 /* Release event handling lock and wake up event waiters */
1446 libusb_unlock_events(ctx);
1449 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1450 * Get the underlying device for a device handle. This function does not modify
1451 * the reference count of the returned device, so do not feel compelled to
1452 * unreference it when you are done.
1453 * \param dev_handle a device handle
1454 * \returns the underlying device
1457 libusb_device * LIBUSB_CALL libusb_get_device(libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
1459 return dev_handle->dev;
1462 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1463 * Determine the bConfigurationValue of the currently active configuration.
1465 * You could formulate your own control request to obtain this information,
1466 * but this function has the advantage that it may be able to retrieve the
1467 * information from operating system caches (no I/O involved).
1469 * If the OS does not cache this information, then this function will block
1470 * while a control transfer is submitted to retrieve the information.
1472 * This function will return a value of 0 in the <tt>config</tt> output
1473 * parameter if the device is in unconfigured state.
1475 * \param dev_handle a device handle
1476 * \param config output location for the bConfigurationValue of the active
1477 * configuration (only valid for return code 0)
1478 * \returns 0 on success
1479 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE if the device has been disconnected
1480 * \returns another LIBUSB_ERROR code on other failure
1482 int API_EXPORTED libusb_get_configuration(libusb_device_handle *dev_handle,
1485 int r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
1488 if (usbi_backend->get_configuration)
1489 r = usbi_backend->get_configuration(dev_handle, config);
1491 if (r == LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
1493 usbi_dbg("falling back to control message");
1494 r = libusb_control_transfer(dev_handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN,
1495 LIBUSB_REQUEST_GET_CONFIGURATION, 0, 0, &tmp, 1, 1000);
1497 usbi_err(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "zero bytes returned in ctrl transfer?");
1498 r = LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
1499 } else if (r == 1) {
1503 usbi_dbg("control failed, error %d", r);
1508 usbi_dbg("active config %d", *config);
1513 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1514 * Set the active configuration for a device.
1516 * The operating system may or may not have already set an active
1517 * configuration on the device. It is up to your application to ensure the
1518 * correct configuration is selected before you attempt to claim interfaces
1519 * and perform other operations.
1521 * If you call this function on a device already configured with the selected
1522 * configuration, then this function will act as a lightweight device reset:
1523 * it will issue a SET_CONFIGURATION request using the current configuration,
1524 * causing most USB-related device state to be reset (altsetting reset to zero,
1525 * endpoint halts cleared, toggles reset).
1527 * You cannot change/reset configuration if your application has claimed
1528 * interfaces. It is advised to set the desired configuration before claiming
1531 * Alternatively you can call libusb_release_interface() first. Note if you
1532 * do things this way you must ensure that auto_detach_kernel_driver for
1533 * <tt>dev</tt> is 0, otherwise the kernel driver will be re-attached when you
1534 * release the interface(s).
1536 * You cannot change/reset configuration if other applications or drivers have
1537 * claimed interfaces.
1539 * A configuration value of -1 will put the device in unconfigured state.
1540 * The USB specifications state that a configuration value of 0 does this,
1541 * however buggy devices exist which actually have a configuration 0.
1543 * You should always use this function rather than formulating your own
1544 * SET_CONFIGURATION control request. This is because the underlying operating
1545 * system needs to know when such changes happen.
1547 * This is a blocking function.
1549 * \param dev_handle a device handle
1550 * \param configuration the bConfigurationValue of the configuration you
1551 * wish to activate, or -1 if you wish to put the device in an unconfigured
1553 * \returns 0 on success
1554 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if the requested configuration does not exist
1555 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY if interfaces are currently claimed
1556 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE if the device has been disconnected
1557 * \returns another LIBUSB_ERROR code on other failure
1558 * \see libusb_set_auto_detach_kernel_driver()
1560 int API_EXPORTED libusb_set_configuration(libusb_device_handle *dev_handle,
1563 usbi_dbg("configuration %d", configuration);
1564 return usbi_backend->set_configuration(dev_handle, configuration);
1567 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1568 * Claim an interface on a given device handle. You must claim the interface
1569 * you wish to use before you can perform I/O on any of its endpoints.
1571 * It is legal to attempt to claim an already-claimed interface, in which
1572 * case libusb just returns 0 without doing anything.
1574 * If auto_detach_kernel_driver is set to 1 for <tt>dev</tt>, the kernel driver
1575 * will be detached if necessary, on failure the detach error is returned.
1577 * Claiming of interfaces is a purely logical operation; it does not cause
1578 * any requests to be sent over the bus. Interface claiming is used to
1579 * instruct the underlying operating system that your application wishes
1580 * to take ownership of the interface.
1582 * This is a non-blocking function.
1584 * \param dev_handle a device handle
1585 * \param interface_number the <tt>bInterfaceNumber</tt> of the interface you
1587 * \returns 0 on success
1588 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if the requested interface does not exist
1589 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY if another program or driver has claimed the
1591 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE if the device has been disconnected
1592 * \returns a LIBUSB_ERROR code on other failure
1593 * \see libusb_set_auto_detach_kernel_driver()
1595 int API_EXPORTED libusb_claim_interface(libusb_device_handle *dev_handle,
1596 int interface_number)
1600 usbi_dbg("interface %d", interface_number);
1601 if (interface_number >= USB_MAXINTERFACES)
1602 return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
1604 if (!dev_handle->dev->attached)
1605 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
1607 usbi_mutex_lock(&dev_handle->lock);
1608 if (dev_handle->claimed_interfaces & (1 << interface_number))
1611 r = usbi_backend->claim_interface(dev_handle, interface_number);
1613 dev_handle->claimed_interfaces |= 1 << interface_number;
1616 usbi_mutex_unlock(&dev_handle->lock);
1620 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1621 * Release an interface previously claimed with libusb_claim_interface(). You
1622 * should release all claimed interfaces before closing a device handle.
1624 * This is a blocking function. A SET_INTERFACE control request will be sent
1625 * to the device, resetting interface state to the first alternate setting.
1627 * If auto_detach_kernel_driver is set to 1 for <tt>dev</tt>, the kernel
1628 * driver will be re-attached after releasing the interface.
1630 * \param dev_handle a device handle
1631 * \param interface_number the <tt>bInterfaceNumber</tt> of the
1632 * previously-claimed interface
1633 * \returns 0 on success
1634 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if the interface was not claimed
1635 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE if the device has been disconnected
1636 * \returns another LIBUSB_ERROR code on other failure
1637 * \see libusb_set_auto_detach_kernel_driver()
1639 int API_EXPORTED libusb_release_interface(libusb_device_handle *dev_handle,
1640 int interface_number)
1644 usbi_dbg("interface %d", interface_number);
1645 if (interface_number >= USB_MAXINTERFACES)
1646 return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
1648 usbi_mutex_lock(&dev_handle->lock);
1649 if (!(dev_handle->claimed_interfaces & (1 << interface_number))) {
1650 r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
1654 r = usbi_backend->release_interface(dev_handle, interface_number);
1656 dev_handle->claimed_interfaces &= ~(1 << interface_number);
1659 usbi_mutex_unlock(&dev_handle->lock);
1663 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1664 * Activate an alternate setting for an interface. The interface must have
1665 * been previously claimed with libusb_claim_interface().
1667 * You should always use this function rather than formulating your own
1668 * SET_INTERFACE control request. This is because the underlying operating
1669 * system needs to know when such changes happen.
1671 * This is a blocking function.
1673 * \param dev_handle a device handle
1674 * \param interface_number the <tt>bInterfaceNumber</tt> of the
1675 * previously-claimed interface
1676 * \param alternate_setting the <tt>bAlternateSetting</tt> of the alternate
1677 * setting to activate
1678 * \returns 0 on success
1679 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if the interface was not claimed, or the
1680 * requested alternate setting does not exist
1681 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE if the device has been disconnected
1682 * \returns another LIBUSB_ERROR code on other failure
1684 int API_EXPORTED libusb_set_interface_alt_setting(libusb_device_handle *dev_handle,
1685 int interface_number, int alternate_setting)
1687 usbi_dbg("interface %d altsetting %d",
1688 interface_number, alternate_setting);
1689 if (interface_number >= USB_MAXINTERFACES)
1690 return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
1692 usbi_mutex_lock(&dev_handle->lock);
1693 if (!dev_handle->dev->attached) {
1694 usbi_mutex_unlock(&dev_handle->lock);
1695 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
1698 if (!(dev_handle->claimed_interfaces & (1 << interface_number))) {
1699 usbi_mutex_unlock(&dev_handle->lock);
1700 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
1702 usbi_mutex_unlock(&dev_handle->lock);
1704 return usbi_backend->set_interface_altsetting(dev_handle, interface_number,
1708 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1709 * Clear the halt/stall condition for an endpoint. Endpoints with halt status
1710 * are unable to receive or transmit data until the halt condition is stalled.
1712 * You should cancel all pending transfers before attempting to clear the halt
1715 * This is a blocking function.
1717 * \param dev_handle a device handle
1718 * \param endpoint the endpoint to clear halt status
1719 * \returns 0 on success
1720 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if the endpoint does not exist
1721 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE if the device has been disconnected
1722 * \returns another LIBUSB_ERROR code on other failure
1724 int API_EXPORTED libusb_clear_halt(libusb_device_handle *dev_handle,
1725 unsigned char endpoint)
1727 usbi_dbg("endpoint %x", endpoint);
1728 if (!dev_handle->dev->attached)
1729 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
1731 return usbi_backend->clear_halt(dev_handle, endpoint);
1734 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1735 * Perform a USB port reset to reinitialize a device. The system will attempt
1736 * to restore the previous configuration and alternate settings after the
1737 * reset has completed.
1739 * If the reset fails, the descriptors change, or the previous state cannot be
1740 * restored, the device will appear to be disconnected and reconnected. This
1741 * means that the device handle is no longer valid (you should close it) and
1742 * rediscover the device. A return code of LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND indicates
1743 * when this is the case.
1745 * This is a blocking function which usually incurs a noticeable delay.
1747 * \param dev_handle a handle of the device to reset
1748 * \returns 0 on success
1749 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if re-enumeration is required, or if the
1750 * device has been disconnected
1751 * \returns another LIBUSB_ERROR code on other failure
1753 int API_EXPORTED libusb_reset_device(libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
1756 if (!dev_handle->dev->attached)
1757 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
1759 return usbi_backend->reset_device(dev_handle);
1762 /** \ingroup libusb_asyncio
1763 * Allocate up to num_streams usb bulk streams on the specified endpoints. This
1764 * function takes an array of endpoints rather then a single endpoint because
1765 * some protocols require that endpoints are setup with similar stream ids.
1766 * All endpoints passed in must belong to the same interface.
1768 * Note this function may return less streams then requested. Also note that the
1769 * same number of streams are allocated for each endpoint in the endpoint array.
1771 * Stream id 0 is reserved, and should not be used to communicate with devices.
1772 * If libusb_alloc_streams() returns with a value of N, you may use stream ids
1775 * Since version 1.0.19, \ref LIBUSB_API_VERSION >= 0x01000103
1777 * \param dev_handle a device handle
1778 * \param num_streams number of streams to try to allocate
1779 * \param endpoints array of endpoints to allocate streams on
1780 * \param num_endpoints length of the endpoints array
1781 * \returns number of streams allocated, or a LIBUSB_ERROR code on failure
1783 int API_EXPORTED libusb_alloc_streams(libusb_device_handle *dev_handle,
1784 uint32_t num_streams, unsigned char *endpoints, int num_endpoints)
1786 usbi_dbg("streams %u eps %d", (unsigned) num_streams, num_endpoints);
1788 if (!dev_handle->dev->attached)
1789 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
1791 if (usbi_backend->alloc_streams)
1792 return usbi_backend->alloc_streams(dev_handle, num_streams, endpoints,
1795 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
1798 /** \ingroup libusb_asyncio
1799 * Free usb bulk streams allocated with libusb_alloc_streams().
1801 * Note streams are automatically free-ed when releasing an interface.
1803 * Since version 1.0.19, \ref LIBUSB_API_VERSION >= 0x01000103
1805 * \param dev_handle a device handle
1806 * \param endpoints array of endpoints to free streams on
1807 * \param num_endpoints length of the endpoints array
1808 * \returns LIBUSB_SUCCESS, or a LIBUSB_ERROR code on failure
1810 int API_EXPORTED libusb_free_streams(libusb_device_handle *dev_handle,
1811 unsigned char *endpoints, int num_endpoints)
1813 usbi_dbg("eps %d", num_endpoints);
1815 if (!dev_handle->dev->attached)
1816 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
1818 if (usbi_backend->free_streams)
1819 return usbi_backend->free_streams(dev_handle, endpoints,
1822 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
1825 /** \ingroup libusb_asyncio
1826 * Attempts to allocate a block of persistent DMA memory suitable for transfers
1827 * against the given device. If successful, will return a block of memory
1828 * that is suitable for use as "buffer" in \ref libusb_transfer against this
1829 * device. Using this memory instead of regular memory means that the host
1830 * controller can use DMA directly into the buffer to increase performance, and
1831 * also that transfers can no longer fail due to kernel memory fragmentation.
1833 * Note that this means you should not modify this memory (or even data on
1834 * the same cache lines) when a transfer is in progress, although it is legal
1835 * to have several transfers going on within the same memory block.
1837 * Will return NULL on failure. Many systems do not support such zerocopy
1838 * and will always return NULL. Memory allocated with this function must be
1839 * freed with \ref libusb_dev_mem_free. Specifically, this means that the
1840 * flag \ref LIBUSB_TRANSFER_FREE_BUFFER cannot be used to free memory allocated
1841 * with this function.
1843 * Since version 1.0.21, \ref LIBUSB_API_VERSION >= 0x01000105
1845 * \param dev_handle a device handle
1846 * \param length size of desired data buffer
1847 * \returns a pointer to the newly allocated memory, or NULL on failure
1850 unsigned char * LIBUSB_CALL libusb_dev_mem_alloc(libusb_device_handle *dev_handle,
1853 if (!dev_handle->dev->attached)
1856 if (usbi_backend->dev_mem_alloc)
1857 return usbi_backend->dev_mem_alloc(dev_handle, length);
1862 /** \ingroup libusb_asyncio
1863 * Free device memory allocated with libusb_dev_mem_alloc().
1865 * \param dev_handle a device handle
1866 * \param buffer pointer to the previously allocated memory
1867 * \param length size of previously allocated memory
1868 * \returns LIBUSB_SUCCESS, or a LIBUSB_ERROR code on failure
1870 int API_EXPORTED libusb_dev_mem_free(libusb_device_handle *dev_handle,
1871 unsigned char *buffer, size_t length)
1873 if (usbi_backend->dev_mem_free)
1874 return usbi_backend->dev_mem_free(dev_handle, buffer, length);
1876 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
1879 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1880 * Determine if a kernel driver is active on an interface. If a kernel driver
1881 * is active, you cannot claim the interface, and libusb will be unable to
1884 * This functionality is not available on Windows.
1886 * \param dev_handle a device handle
1887 * \param interface_number the interface to check
1888 * \returns 0 if no kernel driver is active
1889 * \returns 1 if a kernel driver is active
1890 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE if the device has been disconnected
1891 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED on platforms where the functionality
1893 * \returns another LIBUSB_ERROR code on other failure
1894 * \see libusb_detach_kernel_driver()
1896 int API_EXPORTED libusb_kernel_driver_active(libusb_device_handle *dev_handle,
1897 int interface_number)
1899 usbi_dbg("interface %d", interface_number);
1901 if (!dev_handle->dev->attached)
1902 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
1904 if (usbi_backend->kernel_driver_active)
1905 return usbi_backend->kernel_driver_active(dev_handle, interface_number);
1907 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
1910 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1911 * Detach a kernel driver from an interface. If successful, you will then be
1912 * able to claim the interface and perform I/O.
1914 * This functionality is not available on Darwin or Windows.
1916 * Note that libusb itself also talks to the device through a special kernel
1917 * driver, if this driver is already attached to the device, this call will
1918 * not detach it and return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND.
1920 * \param dev_handle a device handle
1921 * \param interface_number the interface to detach the driver from
1922 * \returns 0 on success
1923 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if no kernel driver was active
1924 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM if the interface does not exist
1925 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE if the device has been disconnected
1926 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED on platforms where the functionality
1928 * \returns another LIBUSB_ERROR code on other failure
1929 * \see libusb_kernel_driver_active()
1931 int API_EXPORTED libusb_detach_kernel_driver(libusb_device_handle *dev_handle,
1932 int interface_number)
1934 usbi_dbg("interface %d", interface_number);
1936 if (!dev_handle->dev->attached)
1937 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
1939 if (usbi_backend->detach_kernel_driver)
1940 return usbi_backend->detach_kernel_driver(dev_handle, interface_number);
1942 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
1945 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1946 * Re-attach an interface's kernel driver, which was previously detached
1947 * using libusb_detach_kernel_driver(). This call is only effective on
1948 * Linux and returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED on all other platforms.
1950 * This functionality is not available on Darwin or Windows.
1952 * \param dev_handle a device handle
1953 * \param interface_number the interface to attach the driver from
1954 * \returns 0 on success
1955 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if no kernel driver was active
1956 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM if the interface does not exist
1957 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE if the device has been disconnected
1958 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED on platforms where the functionality
1960 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY if the driver cannot be attached because the
1961 * interface is claimed by a program or driver
1962 * \returns another LIBUSB_ERROR code on other failure
1963 * \see libusb_kernel_driver_active()
1965 int API_EXPORTED libusb_attach_kernel_driver(libusb_device_handle *dev_handle,
1966 int interface_number)
1968 usbi_dbg("interface %d", interface_number);
1970 if (!dev_handle->dev->attached)
1971 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
1973 if (usbi_backend->attach_kernel_driver)
1974 return usbi_backend->attach_kernel_driver(dev_handle, interface_number);
1976 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
1979 /** \ingroup libusb_dev
1980 * Enable/disable libusb's automatic kernel driver detachment. When this is
1981 * enabled libusb will automatically detach the kernel driver on an interface
1982 * when claiming the interface, and attach it when releasing the interface.
1984 * Automatic kernel driver detachment is disabled on newly opened device
1985 * handles by default.
1987 * On platforms which do not have LIBUSB_CAP_SUPPORTS_DETACH_KERNEL_DRIVER
1988 * this function will return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED, and libusb will
1989 * continue as if this function was never called.
1991 * \param dev_handle a device handle
1992 * \param enable whether to enable or disable auto kernel driver detachment
1994 * \returns LIBUSB_SUCCESS on success
1995 * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED on platforms where the functionality
1997 * \see libusb_claim_interface()
1998 * \see libusb_release_interface()
1999 * \see libusb_set_configuration()
2001 int API_EXPORTED libusb_set_auto_detach_kernel_driver(
2002 libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int enable)
2004 if (!(usbi_backend->caps & USBI_CAP_SUPPORTS_DETACH_KERNEL_DRIVER))
2005 return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
2007 dev_handle->auto_detach_kernel_driver = enable;
2008 return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
2011 /** \ingroup libusb_lib
2012 * Set log message verbosity.
2014 * The default level is LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_NONE, which means no messages are ever
2015 * printed. If you choose to increase the message verbosity level, ensure
2016 * that your application does not close the stdout/stderr file descriptors.
2018 * You are advised to use level LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING. libusb is conservative
2019 * with its message logging and most of the time, will only log messages that
2020 * explain error conditions and other oddities. This will help you debug
2023 * If the LIBUSB_DEBUG environment variable was set when libusb was
2024 * initialized, this function does nothing: the message verbosity is fixed
2025 * to the value in the environment variable.
2027 * If libusb was compiled without any message logging, this function does
2028 * nothing: you'll never get any messages.
2030 * If libusb was compiled with verbose debug message logging, this function
2031 * does nothing: you'll always get messages from all levels.
2033 * \param ctx the context to operate on, or NULL for the default context
2034 * \param level debug level to set
2036 void API_EXPORTED libusb_set_debug(libusb_context *ctx, int level)
2038 USBI_GET_CONTEXT(ctx);
2039 if (!ctx->debug_fixed)
2043 /** \ingroup libusb_lib
2044 * Initialize libusb. This function must be called before calling any other
2047 * If you do not provide an output location for a context pointer, a default
2048 * context will be created. If there was already a default context, it will
2049 * be reused (and nothing will be initialized/reinitialized).
2051 * \param context Optional output location for context pointer.
2052 * Only valid on return code 0.
2053 * \returns 0 on success, or a LIBUSB_ERROR code on failure
2054 * \see libusb_contexts
2056 int API_EXPORTED libusb_init(libusb_context **context)
2058 struct libusb_device *dev, *next;
2059 char *dbg = getenv("LIBUSB_DEBUG");
2060 struct libusb_context *ctx;
2061 static int first_init = 1;
2064 usbi_mutex_static_lock(&default_context_lock);
2066 if (!timestamp_origin.tv_sec) {
2067 usbi_gettimeofday(×tamp_origin, NULL);
2070 if (!context && usbi_default_context) {
2071 usbi_dbg("reusing default context");
2072 default_context_refcnt++;
2073 usbi_mutex_static_unlock(&default_context_lock);
2077 ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(*ctx));
2079 r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
2083 #ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG_LOGGING
2084 ctx->debug = LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG;
2088 ctx->debug = atoi(dbg);
2090 ctx->debug_fixed = 1;
2093 /* default context should be initialized before calling usbi_dbg */
2094 if (!usbi_default_context) {
2095 usbi_default_context = ctx;
2096 default_context_refcnt++;
2097 usbi_dbg("created default context");
2100 usbi_dbg("libusb v%u.%u.%u.%u%s", libusb_version_internal.major, libusb_version_internal.minor,
2101 libusb_version_internal.micro, libusb_version_internal.nano, libusb_version_internal.rc);
2103 usbi_mutex_init(&ctx->usb_devs_lock);
2104 usbi_mutex_init(&ctx->open_devs_lock);
2105 usbi_mutex_init(&ctx->hotplug_cbs_lock);
2106 list_init(&ctx->usb_devs);
2107 list_init(&ctx->open_devs);
2108 list_init(&ctx->hotplug_cbs);
2110 usbi_mutex_static_lock(&active_contexts_lock);
2113 list_init (&active_contexts_list);
2115 list_add (&ctx->list, &active_contexts_list);
2116 usbi_mutex_static_unlock(&active_contexts_lock);
2118 if (usbi_backend->init) {
2119 r = usbi_backend->init(ctx);
2124 r = usbi_io_init(ctx);
2126 goto err_backend_exit;
2128 usbi_mutex_static_unlock(&default_context_lock);
2136 if (usbi_backend->exit)
2137 usbi_backend->exit();
2139 if (ctx == usbi_default_context) {
2140 usbi_default_context = NULL;
2141 default_context_refcnt--;
2144 usbi_mutex_static_lock(&active_contexts_lock);
2145 list_del (&ctx->list);
2146 usbi_mutex_static_unlock(&active_contexts_lock);
2148 usbi_mutex_lock(&ctx->usb_devs_lock);
2149 list_for_each_entry_safe(dev, next, &ctx->usb_devs, list, struct libusb_device) {
2150 list_del(&dev->list);
2151 libusb_unref_device(dev);
2153 usbi_mutex_unlock(&ctx->usb_devs_lock);
2155 usbi_mutex_destroy(&ctx->open_devs_lock);
2156 usbi_mutex_destroy(&ctx->usb_devs_lock);
2157 usbi_mutex_destroy(&ctx->hotplug_cbs_lock);
2161 usbi_mutex_static_unlock(&default_context_lock);
2165 /** \ingroup libusb_lib
2166 * Deinitialize libusb. Should be called after closing all open devices and
2167 * before your application terminates.
2168 * \param ctx the context to deinitialize, or NULL for the default context
2170 void API_EXPORTED libusb_exit(struct libusb_context *ctx)
2172 struct libusb_device *dev, *next;
2173 struct timeval tv = { 0, 0 };
2176 USBI_GET_CONTEXT(ctx);
2178 /* if working with default context, only actually do the deinitialization
2179 * if we're the last user */
2180 usbi_mutex_static_lock(&default_context_lock);
2181 if (ctx == usbi_default_context) {
2182 if (--default_context_refcnt > 0) {
2183 usbi_dbg("not destroying default context");
2184 usbi_mutex_static_unlock(&default_context_lock);
2187 usbi_dbg("destroying default context");
2188 usbi_default_context = NULL;
2190 usbi_mutex_static_unlock(&default_context_lock);
2192 usbi_mutex_static_lock(&active_contexts_lock);
2193 list_del (&ctx->list);
2194 usbi_mutex_static_unlock(&active_contexts_lock);
2196 if (libusb_has_capability(LIBUSB_CAP_HAS_HOTPLUG)) {
2197 usbi_hotplug_deregister_all(ctx);
2200 * Ensure any pending unplug events are read from the hotplug
2201 * pipe. The usb_device-s hold in the events are no longer part
2202 * of usb_devs, but the events still hold a reference!
2204 * Note we don't do this if the application has left devices
2205 * open (which implies a buggy app) to avoid packet completion
2206 * handlers running when the app does not expect them to run.
2208 if (list_empty(&ctx->open_devs))
2209 libusb_handle_events_timeout(ctx, &tv);
2211 usbi_mutex_lock(&ctx->usb_devs_lock);
2212 list_for_each_entry_safe(dev, next, &ctx->usb_devs, list, struct libusb_device) {
2213 list_del(&dev->list);
2214 libusb_unref_device(dev);
2216 usbi_mutex_unlock(&ctx->usb_devs_lock);
2219 /* a few sanity checks. don't bother with locking because unless
2220 * there is an application bug, nobody will be accessing these. */
2221 if (!list_empty(&ctx->usb_devs))
2222 usbi_warn(ctx, "some libusb_devices were leaked");
2223 if (!list_empty(&ctx->open_devs))
2224 usbi_warn(ctx, "application left some devices open");
2227 if (usbi_backend->exit)
2228 usbi_backend->exit();
2230 usbi_mutex_destroy(&ctx->open_devs_lock);
2231 usbi_mutex_destroy(&ctx->usb_devs_lock);
2232 usbi_mutex_destroy(&ctx->hotplug_cbs_lock);
2236 /** \ingroup libusb_misc
2237 * Check at runtime if the loaded library has a given capability.
2238 * This call should be performed after \ref libusb_init(), to ensure the
2239 * backend has updated its capability set.
2241 * \param capability the \ref libusb_capability to check for
2242 * \returns nonzero if the running library has the capability, 0 otherwise
2244 int API_EXPORTED libusb_has_capability(uint32_t capability)
2246 switch (capability) {
2247 case LIBUSB_CAP_HAS_CAPABILITY:
2249 case LIBUSB_CAP_HAS_HOTPLUG:
2250 return !(usbi_backend->get_device_list);
2251 case LIBUSB_CAP_HAS_HID_ACCESS:
2252 return (usbi_backend->caps & USBI_CAP_HAS_HID_ACCESS);
2253 case LIBUSB_CAP_SUPPORTS_DETACH_KERNEL_DRIVER:
2254 return (usbi_backend->caps & USBI_CAP_SUPPORTS_DETACH_KERNEL_DRIVER);
2259 /* this is defined in libusbi.h if needed */
2260 #ifdef LIBUSB_GETTIMEOFDAY_WIN32
2263 * Implementation according to:
2264 * The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6
2265 * IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition
2269 * THIS SOFTWARE IS NOT COPYRIGHTED
2271 * This source code is offered for use in the public domain. You may
2272 * use, modify or distribute it freely.
2274 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but
2275 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY. ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED ARE HEREBY
2276 * DISCLAIMED. This includes but is not limited to warranties of
2277 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
2280 * Danny Smith <dannysmith@users.sourceforge.net>
2283 /* Offset between 1/1/1601 and 1/1/1970 in 100 nanosec units */
2284 #define _W32_FT_OFFSET (116444736000000000)
2286 int usbi_gettimeofday(struct timeval *tp, void *tzp)
2289 unsigned __int64 ns100; /* Time since 1 Jan 1601, in 100ns units */
2295 #if defined(OS_WINCE)
2298 SystemTimeToFileTime(&st, &_now.ft);
2300 GetSystemTimeAsFileTime (&_now.ft);
2302 tp->tv_usec=(long)((_now.ns100 / 10) % 1000000 );
2303 tp->tv_sec= (long)((_now.ns100 - _W32_FT_OFFSET) / 10000000);
2305 /* Always return 0 as per Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6.
2306 Do not set errno on error. */
2311 static void usbi_log_str(struct libusb_context *ctx,
2312 enum libusb_log_level level, const char * str)
2314 #if defined(USE_SYSTEM_LOGGING_FACILITY)
2315 #if defined(OS_WINDOWS) || defined(OS_WINCE)
2316 /* Windows CE only supports the Unicode version of OutputDebugString. */
2317 WCHAR wbuf[USBI_MAX_LOG_LEN];
2318 MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str, -1, wbuf, sizeof(wbuf));
2319 OutputDebugStringW(wbuf);
2320 #elif defined(__ANDROID__)
2321 int priority = ANDROID_LOG_UNKNOWN;
2323 case LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_INFO: priority = ANDROID_LOG_INFO; break;
2324 case LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING: priority = ANDROID_LOG_WARN; break;
2325 case LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR: priority = ANDROID_LOG_ERROR; break;
2326 case LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG: priority = ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG; break;
2328 __android_log_write(priority, "libusb", str);
2329 #elif defined(HAVE_SYSLOG_FUNC)
2330 int syslog_level = LOG_INFO;
2332 case LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_INFO: syslog_level = LOG_INFO; break;
2333 case LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING: syslog_level = LOG_WARNING; break;
2334 case LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR: syslog_level = LOG_ERR; break;
2335 case LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG: syslog_level = LOG_DEBUG; break;
2337 syslog(syslog_level, "%s", str);
2338 #else /* All of gcc, Clang, XCode seem to use #warning */
2339 #warning System logging is not supported on this platform. Logging to stderr will be used instead.
2344 #endif /* USE_SYSTEM_LOGGING_FACILITY */
2349 void usbi_log_v(struct libusb_context *ctx, enum libusb_log_level level,
2350 const char *function, const char *format, va_list args)
2352 const char *prefix = "";
2353 char buf[USBI_MAX_LOG_LEN];
2355 int global_debug, header_len, text_len;
2356 static int has_debug_header_been_displayed = 0;
2358 #ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG_LOGGING
2364 USBI_GET_CONTEXT(ctx);
2366 ctx_level = ctx->debug;
2368 char *dbg = getenv("LIBUSB_DEBUG");
2370 ctx_level = atoi(dbg);
2372 global_debug = (ctx_level == LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG);
2375 if (level == LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING && ctx_level < LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING)
2377 if (level == LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_INFO && ctx_level < LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_INFO)
2379 if (level == LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG && ctx_level < LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG)
2383 usbi_gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
2384 if ((global_debug) && (!has_debug_header_been_displayed)) {
2385 has_debug_header_been_displayed = 1;
2386 usbi_log_str(ctx, LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "[timestamp] [threadID] facility level [function call] <message>" USBI_LOG_LINE_END);
2387 usbi_log_str(ctx, LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "--------------------------------------------------------------------------------" USBI_LOG_LINE_END);
2389 if (now.tv_usec < timestamp_origin.tv_usec) {
2391 now.tv_usec += 1000000;
2393 now.tv_sec -= timestamp_origin.tv_sec;
2394 now.tv_usec -= timestamp_origin.tv_usec;
2397 case LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_INFO:
2400 case LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING:
2403 case LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR:
2406 case LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG:
2409 case LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_NONE:
2417 header_len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
2418 "[%2d.%06d] [%08x] libusb: %s [%s] ",
2419 (int)now.tv_sec, (int)now.tv_usec, usbi_get_tid(), prefix, function);
2421 header_len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
2422 "libusb: %s [%s] ", prefix, function);
2425 if (header_len < 0 || header_len >= (int)sizeof(buf)) {
2426 /* Somehow snprintf failed to write to the buffer,
2427 * remove the header so something useful is output. */
2430 /* Make sure buffer is NUL terminated */
2431 buf[header_len] = '\0';
2432 text_len = vsnprintf(buf + header_len, sizeof(buf) - header_len,
2434 if (text_len < 0 || text_len + header_len >= (int)sizeof(buf)) {
2435 /* Truncated log output. On some platforms a -1 return value means
2436 * that the output was truncated. */
2437 text_len = sizeof(buf) - header_len;
2439 if (header_len + text_len + sizeof(USBI_LOG_LINE_END) >= sizeof(buf)) {
2440 /* Need to truncate the text slightly to fit on the terminator. */
2441 text_len -= (header_len + text_len + sizeof(USBI_LOG_LINE_END)) - sizeof(buf);
2443 strcpy(buf + header_len + text_len, USBI_LOG_LINE_END);
2445 usbi_log_str(ctx, level, buf);
2448 void usbi_log(struct libusb_context *ctx, enum libusb_log_level level,
2449 const char *function, const char *format, ...)
2453 va_start (args, format);
2454 usbi_log_v(ctx, level, function, format, args);
2458 /** \ingroup libusb_misc
2459 * Returns a constant NULL-terminated string with the ASCII name of a libusb
2460 * error or transfer status code. The caller must not free() the returned
2463 * \param error_code The \ref libusb_error or libusb_transfer_status code to
2464 * return the name of.
2465 * \returns The error name, or the string **UNKNOWN** if the value of
2466 * error_code is not a known error / status code.
2468 DEFAULT_VISIBILITY const char * LIBUSB_CALL libusb_error_name(int error_code)
2470 switch (error_code) {
2471 case LIBUSB_ERROR_IO:
2472 return "LIBUSB_ERROR_IO";
2473 case LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM:
2474 return "LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM";
2475 case LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS:
2476 return "LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS";
2477 case LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE:
2478 return "LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE";
2479 case LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND:
2480 return "LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND";
2481 case LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY:
2482 return "LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY";
2483 case LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT:
2484 return "LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT";
2485 case LIBUSB_ERROR_OVERFLOW:
2486 return "LIBUSB_ERROR_OVERFLOW";
2487 case LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE:
2488 return "LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE";
2489 case LIBUSB_ERROR_INTERRUPTED:
2490 return "LIBUSB_ERROR_INTERRUPTED";
2491 case LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM:
2492 return "LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM";
2493 case LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED:
2494 return "LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED";
2495 case LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER:
2496 return "LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER";
2498 case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_ERROR:
2499 return "LIBUSB_TRANSFER_ERROR";
2500 case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TIMED_OUT:
2501 return "LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TIMED_OUT";
2502 case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_CANCELLED:
2503 return "LIBUSB_TRANSFER_CANCELLED";
2504 case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_STALL:
2505 return "LIBUSB_TRANSFER_STALL";
2506 case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_NO_DEVICE:
2507 return "LIBUSB_TRANSFER_NO_DEVICE";
2508 case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_OVERFLOW:
2509 return "LIBUSB_TRANSFER_OVERFLOW";
2512 return "LIBUSB_SUCCESS / LIBUSB_TRANSFER_COMPLETED";
2514 return "**UNKNOWN**";
2518 /** \ingroup libusb_misc
2519 * Returns a pointer to const struct libusb_version with the version
2520 * (major, minor, micro, nano and rc) of the running library.
2523 const struct libusb_version * LIBUSB_CALL libusb_get_version(void)
2525 return &libusb_version_internal;