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3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 3. Using</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.73.2" /><meta name="keywords" content=" ISO C++ , library " /><link rel="start" href="../spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library Documentation" /><link rel="up" href="intro.html" title="Part I. Introduction" /><link rel="prev" href="test.html" title="Test" /><link rel="next" href="bk01pt01ch03s02.html" title="Headers" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 3. Using</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="test.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part I. Introduction</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt01ch03s02.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.intro.using"></a>Chapter 3. Using</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.lib">Linking Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s02.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s02.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s02.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s02.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s02.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s03.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s03.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s03.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s03.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s04.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s05.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s05.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s05.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s05.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s05.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s05.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s06.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s06.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Propagating Exceptions aka Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s06.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt01ch03s06.html#intro.using.exception.no">Support for <code class="literal">-fno-exceptions</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.intro.using.lib"></a>Linking Library Binary Files</h2></div></div></div><p>
4 If you only built a static library (libstdc++.a), or if you
5 specified static linking, you don't have to worry about this.
6 But if you built a shared library (libstdc++.so) and linked
7 against it, then you will need to find that library when you run
10 Methods vary for different platforms and different styles, but
11 the usual ones are printed to the screen during installation.
13 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>
14 At runtime set LD_LIBRARY_PATH in your environment
15 correctly, so that the shared library for libstdc++ can be
16 found and loaded. Be certain that you understand all of the
17 other implications and behavior of LD_LIBRARY_PATH first
18 (few people do, and they get into trouble).
20 Compile the path to find the library at runtime into the
21 program. This can be done by passing certain options to
22 g++, which will in turn pass them on to the linker. The
23 exact format of the options is dependent on which linker you
25 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle"><li><p>
26 GNU ld (default on Linux):<code class="literal">-Wl,--rpath,<code class="filename">destdir</code>/lib</code>
28 IRIX ld:<code class="literal">
29 -Wl,-rpath,<code class="filename">destdir</code>/lib</code>
31 Solaris ld:<code class="literal">-Wl,-R<code class="filename">destdir</code>/lib</code>
34 </p></li></ul></div></li></ul></div><p>
35 Use the <span class="command"><strong>ldd</strong></span> utility to show which library the
36 system thinks it will get at runtime.
38 A libstdc++.la file is also installed, for use with Libtool. If
39 you use Libtool to create your executables, these details are
40 taken care of for you.
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