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   2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 12.  Numerics</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.77.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="std_contents.html" title="Part II.  Standard Contents" /><link rel="prev" href="algorithms.html" title="Chapter 11.  Algorithms" /><link rel="next" href="generalized_numeric_operations.html" title="Generalized Operations" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 12.
   3   Numerics
   4
   5 </th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="algorithms.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part II.
   6     Standard Contents
   7   </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="generalized_numeric_operations.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="std.numerics"></a>Chapter 12.
   8   Numerics
   9   <a id="idp16214640" class="indexterm"></a>
  10 </h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics.html#std.numerics.complex">Complex</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics.html#numerics.complex.processing">complex Processing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="generalized_numeric_operations.html">Generalized Operations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html#numerics.c.array">Numerics vs. Arrays</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html#numerics.c.c99">C99</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.numerics.complex"></a>Complex</h2></div></div></div><p>
  11   </p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="numerics.complex.processing"></a>complex Processing</h3></div></div></div><p>
  12     </p><p>Using <code class="code">complex&lt;&gt;</code> becomes even more comple- er, sorry,
  13       <span class="emphasis"><em>complicated</em></span>, with the not-quite-gratuitously-incompatible
  14       addition of complex types to the C language.  David Tribble has
  15       compiled a list of C++98 and C99 conflict points; his description of
  16       C's new type versus those of C++ and how to get them playing together
  17       nicely is
  18 <a class="link" href="http://david.tribble.com/text/cdiffs.htm#C99-complex" target="_top">here</a>.
  19    </p><p><code class="code">complex&lt;&gt;</code> is intended to be instantiated with a
  20       floating-point type.  As long as you meet that and some other basic
  21       requirements, then the resulting instantiation has all of the usual
  22       math operators defined, as well as definitions of <code class="code">op&lt;&lt;</code>
  23       and <code class="code">op&gt;&gt;</code> that work with iostreams: <code class="code">op&lt;&lt;</code>
  24       prints <code class="code">(u,v)</code> and <code class="code">op&gt;&gt;</code> can read <code class="code">u</code>,
  25       <code class="code">(u)</code>, and <code class="code">(u,v)</code>.
  26    </p><p>As an extension to C++11 and for increased compatibility with C,
  27       <code class="code">&lt;complex.h&gt;</code> includes both <code class="code">&lt;complex&gt;</code>
  28       and the C99 <code class="code">&lt;complex.h&gt;</code> (if the C library provides
  29       it).
  30    </p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="algorithms.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="std_contents.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="generalized_numeric_operations.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 11.
  31   Algorithms
  32
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