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26 <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
27 <a name="boost_multiprecision.tut.floats.gmp_float"></a><a class="link" href="gmp_float.html" title="gmp_float">gmp_float</a>
28 </h4></div></div></div>
30 <code class="computeroutput"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">multiprecision</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">gmp</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span></code>
32 <pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">multiprecision</span><span class="special">{</span>
34 <span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="identifier">Digits10</span><span class="special">></span>
35 <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">gmp_float</span><span class="special">;</span>
37 <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">number</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">gmp_float</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">50</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="identifier">mpf_float_50</span><span class="special">;</span>
38 <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">number</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">gmp_float</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">100</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="identifier">mpf_float_100</span><span class="special">;</span>
39 <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">number</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">gmp_float</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">500</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="identifier">mpf_float_500</span><span class="special">;</span>
40 <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">number</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">gmp_float</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">1000</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="identifier">mpf_float_1000</span><span class="special">;</span>
41 <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">number</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">gmp_float</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="identifier">mpf_float</span><span class="special">;</span>
43 <span class="special">}}</span> <span class="comment">// namespaces</span>
46 The <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gmp_float</span></code> back-end
47 is used in conjunction with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">number</span></code>
48 : it acts as a thin wrapper around the <a href="http://gmplib.org" target="_top">GMP</a>
49 <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">mpf_t</span></code> to provide an real-number
50 type that is a drop-in replacement for the native C++ floating-point types,
51 but with much greater precision.
54 Type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gmp_float</span></code> can be used
55 at fixed precision by specifying a non-zero <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Digits10</span></code>
56 template parameter, or at variable precision by setting the template argument
57 to zero. The typedefs mpf_float_50, mpf_float_100, mpf_float_500, mpf_float_1000
58 provide arithmetic types at 50, 100, 500 and 1000 decimal digits precision
59 respectively. The typedef mpf_float provides a variable precision type
60 whose precision can be controlled via the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">number</span></code>s
63 <div class="note"><table border="0" summary="Note">
65 <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/note.png"></td>
66 <th align="left">Note</th>
68 <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>
69 This type only provides standard library and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span></code>
70 support when the precision is fixed at compile time.
74 As well as the usual conversions from arithmetic and string types, instances
75 of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">mpf_float</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">N</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="special">></span></code> are copy constructible and assignable
78 <div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
80 The <a href="http://gmplib.org" target="_top">GMP</a> native types <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">mpf_t</span></code>, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">mpz_t</span></code>,
81 <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">mpq_t</span></code>.
84 The <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">number</span></code> wrappers
85 around those types: <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">mpf_float</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">M</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="special">></span></code>,
86 <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">gmp_int</span><span class="special">></span></code>,
87 <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">gmp_rational</span><span class="special">></span></code>.
91 It's also possible to access the underlying <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">mpf_t</span></code>
92 via the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">data</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
93 member function of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gmp_float</span></code>.
96 Things you should know when using this type:
98 <div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
100 Default constructed <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gmp_float</span></code>s
101 have the value zero (this is the <a href="http://gmplib.org" target="_top">GMP</a>
102 library's default behavior).
104 <li class="listitem">
105 No changes are made to the <a href="http://gmplib.org" target="_top">GMP</a>
106 library's global settings, so this type can be safely mixed with existing
107 <a href="http://gmplib.org" target="_top">GMP</a> code.
109 <li class="listitem">
110 This backend supports rvalue-references and is move-aware, making instantiations
111 of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">number</span></code> on this backend
114 <li class="listitem">
115 It is not possible to round-trip objects of this type to and from a
116 string and get back exactly the same value. This appears to be a limitation
117 of <a href="http://gmplib.org" target="_top">GMP</a>.
119 <li class="listitem">
120 Since the underlying <a href="http://gmplib.org" target="_top">GMP</a> types
121 have no notion of infinities or NaN's, care should be taken to avoid
122 numeric overflow or division by zero. That latter will result in a
123 std::overflow_error being thrown, while generating excessively large
124 exponents may result in instability of the underlying <a href="http://gmplib.org" target="_top">GMP</a>
125 library (in testing, converting a number with an excessively large
126 or small exponent to a string caused <a href="http://gmplib.org" target="_top">GMP</a>
129 <li class="listitem">
130 This type can equally be used with <a href="http://mpir.org/" target="_top">MPIR</a>
131 as the underlying implementation - indeed that is the recommended option
134 <li class="listitem">
135 Conversion from a string results in a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">runtime_error</span></code>
136 being thrown if the string can not be interpreted as a valid floating-point
139 <li class="listitem">
140 Division by zero results in a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">overflow_error</span></code>
145 <a name="boost_multiprecision.tut.floats.gmp_float.h0"></a>
146 <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_multiprecision.tut.floats.gmp_float.gmp_example"></a></span><a class="link" href="gmp_float.html#boost_multiprecision.tut.floats.gmp_float.gmp_example"> GMP example:</a>
148 <pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">multiprecision</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">gmp</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
149 <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">special_functions</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">gamma</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
150 <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">iostream</span><span class="special">></span>
152 <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">main</span><span class="special">()</span>
153 <span class="special">{</span>
154 <span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">multiprecision</span><span class="special">;</span>
156 <span class="comment">// Operations at variable precision and limited standard library support:</span>
157 <span class="identifier">mpf_float</span> <span class="identifier">a</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">2</span><span class="special">;</span>
158 <span class="identifier">mpf_float</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">default_precision</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">1000</span><span class="special">);</span>
159 <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">mpf_float</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">default_precision</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">endl</span><span class="special">;</span>
160 <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">sqrt</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">endl</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// print root-2</span>
162 <span class="comment">// Operations at fixed precision and full standard library support:</span>
163 <span class="identifier">mpf_float_100</span> <span class="identifier">b</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">2</span><span class="special">;</span>
164 <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">mpf_float_100</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">digits</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">endl</span><span class="special">;</span>
165 <span class="comment">// We can use any C++ std lib function:</span>
166 <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">log</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">endl</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// print log(2)</span>
167 <span class="comment">// We can also use any function from Boost.Math:</span>
168 <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">tgamma</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">endl</span><span class="special">;</span>
169 <span class="comment">// These even work when the argument is an expression template:</span>
170 <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">tgamma</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">b</span> <span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">endl</span><span class="special">;</span>
172 <span class="comment">// Access the underlying representation:</span>
173 <span class="identifier">mpf_t</span> <span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">;</span>
174 <span class="identifier">mpf_init</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">);</span>
175 <span class="identifier">mpf_set</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">backend</span><span class="special">().</span><span class="identifier">data</span><span class="special">());</span>
176 <span class="identifier">mpf_clear</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">);</span>
177 <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">;</span>
178 <span class="special">}</span>
181 <table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
182 <td align="left"></td>
183 <td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2002-2019 John Maddock
184 and Christopher Kormanyos<p>
185 Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
186 file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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