1 /* An expandable hash tables datatype.
2 Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2009, 2010
3 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 Contributed by Vladimir Makarov (vmakarov@cygnus.com).
6 This file is part of the libiberty library.
7 Libiberty is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
9 License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
10 version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
12 Libiberty is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
15 Library General Public License for more details.
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
18 License along with libiberty; see the file COPYING.LIB. If
19 not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor,
20 Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. */
22 /* This package implements basic hash table functionality. It is possible
23 to search for an entry, create an entry and destroy an entry.
25 Elements in the table are generic pointers.
27 The size of the table is not fixed; if the occupancy of the table
28 grows too high the hash table will be expanded.
30 The abstract data implementation is based on generalized Algorithm D
31 from Knuth's book "The art of computer programming". Hash table is
32 expanded by creation of new hash table and transferring elements from
33 the old table to the new table. */
39 #include <sys/types.h>
53 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
62 #include "libiberty.h"
70 static unsigned int higher_prime_index (unsigned long);
71 static hashval_t htab_mod_1 (hashval_t, hashval_t, hashval_t, int);
72 static hashval_t htab_mod (hashval_t, htab_t);
73 static hashval_t htab_mod_m2 (hashval_t, htab_t);
74 static hashval_t hash_pointer (const void *);
75 static int eq_pointer (const void *, const void *);
76 static int htab_expand (htab_t);
77 static PTR *find_empty_slot_for_expand (htab_t, hashval_t);
79 /* At some point, we could make these be NULL, and modify the
80 hash-table routines to handle NULL specially; that would avoid
81 function-call overhead for the common case of hashing pointers. */
82 htab_hash htab_hash_pointer = hash_pointer;
83 htab_eq htab_eq_pointer = eq_pointer;
85 /* Table of primes and multiplicative inverses.
87 Note that these are not minimally reduced inverses. Unlike when generating
88 code to divide by a constant, we want to be able to use the same algorithm
89 all the time. All of these inverses (are implied to) have bit 32 set.
91 For the record, here's the function that computed the table; it's a
92 vastly simplified version of the function of the same name from gcc. */
96 ceil_log2 (unsigned int x)
99 for (i = 31; i >= 0 ; --i)
106 choose_multiplier (unsigned int d, unsigned int *mlp, unsigned char *shiftp)
108 unsigned long long mhigh;
110 int lgup, post_shift;
112 int n = 32, precision = 32;
114 lgup = ceil_log2 (d);
116 pow2 = n + lgup - precision;
118 nx = ldexp (1.0, pow) + ldexp (1.0, pow2);
131 hashval_t inv_m2; /* inverse of prime-2 */
135 static struct prime_ent const prime_tab[] = {
136 { 7, 0x24924925, 0x9999999b, 2 },
137 { 13, 0x3b13b13c, 0x745d1747, 3 },
138 { 31, 0x08421085, 0x1a7b9612, 4 },
139 { 61, 0x0c9714fc, 0x15b1e5f8, 5 },
140 { 127, 0x02040811, 0x0624dd30, 6 },
141 { 251, 0x05197f7e, 0x073260a5, 7 },
142 { 509, 0x01824366, 0x02864fc8, 8 },
143 { 1021, 0x00c0906d, 0x014191f7, 9 },
144 { 2039, 0x0121456f, 0x0161e69e, 10 },
145 { 4093, 0x00300902, 0x00501908, 11 },
146 { 8191, 0x00080041, 0x00180241, 12 },
147 { 16381, 0x000c0091, 0x00140191, 13 },
148 { 32749, 0x002605a5, 0x002a06e6, 14 },
149 { 65521, 0x000f00e2, 0x00110122, 15 },
150 { 131071, 0x00008001, 0x00018003, 16 },
151 { 262139, 0x00014002, 0x0001c004, 17 },
152 { 524287, 0x00002001, 0x00006001, 18 },
153 { 1048573, 0x00003001, 0x00005001, 19 },
154 { 2097143, 0x00004801, 0x00005801, 20 },
155 { 4194301, 0x00000c01, 0x00001401, 21 },
156 { 8388593, 0x00001e01, 0x00002201, 22 },
157 { 16777213, 0x00000301, 0x00000501, 23 },
158 { 33554393, 0x00001381, 0x00001481, 24 },
159 { 67108859, 0x00000141, 0x000001c1, 25 },
160 { 134217689, 0x000004e1, 0x00000521, 26 },
161 { 268435399, 0x00000391, 0x000003b1, 27 },
162 { 536870909, 0x00000019, 0x00000029, 28 },
163 { 1073741789, 0x0000008d, 0x00000095, 29 },
164 { 2147483647, 0x00000003, 0x00000007, 30 },
165 /* Avoid "decimal constant so large it is unsigned" for 4294967291. */
166 { 0xfffffffb, 0x00000006, 0x00000008, 31 }
169 /* The following function returns an index into the above table of the
170 nearest prime number which is greater than N, and near a power of two. */
173 higher_prime_index (unsigned long n)
175 unsigned int low = 0;
176 unsigned int high = sizeof(prime_tab) / sizeof(prime_tab[0]);
180 unsigned int mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
181 if (n > prime_tab[mid].prime)
187 /* If we've run out of primes, abort. */
188 if (n > prime_tab[low].prime)
190 fprintf (stderr, "Cannot find prime bigger than %lu\n", n);
197 /* Returns a hash code for P. */
200 hash_pointer (const PTR p)
202 return (hashval_t) ((intptr_t)p >> 3);
205 /* Returns non-zero if P1 and P2 are equal. */
208 eq_pointer (const PTR p1, const PTR p2)
214 /* The parens around the function names in the next two definitions
215 are essential in order to prevent macro expansions of the name.
216 The bodies, however, are expanded as expected, so they are not
217 recursive definitions. */
219 /* Return the current size of given hash table. */
221 #define htab_size(htab) ((htab)->size)
224 (htab_size) (htab_t htab)
226 return htab_size (htab);
229 /* Return the current number of elements in given hash table. */
231 #define htab_elements(htab) ((htab)->n_elements - (htab)->n_deleted)
234 (htab_elements) (htab_t htab)
236 return htab_elements (htab);
241 static inline hashval_t
242 htab_mod_1 (hashval_t x, hashval_t y, hashval_t inv, int shift)
244 /* The multiplicative inverses computed above are for 32-bit types, and
245 requires that we be able to compute a highpart multiply. */
246 #ifdef UNSIGNED_64BIT_TYPE
247 __extension__ typedef UNSIGNED_64BIT_TYPE ull;
248 if (sizeof (hashval_t) * CHAR_BIT <= 32)
250 hashval_t t1, t2, t3, t4, q, r;
252 t1 = ((ull)x * inv) >> 32;
263 /* Otherwise just use the native division routines. */
267 /* Compute the primary hash for HASH given HTAB's current size. */
269 static inline hashval_t
270 htab_mod (hashval_t hash, htab_t htab)
272 const struct prime_ent *p = &prime_tab[htab->size_prime_index];
273 return htab_mod_1 (hash, p->prime, p->inv, p->shift);
276 /* Compute the secondary hash for HASH given HTAB's current size. */
278 static inline hashval_t
279 htab_mod_m2 (hashval_t hash, htab_t htab)
281 const struct prime_ent *p = &prime_tab[htab->size_prime_index];
282 return 1 + htab_mod_1 (hash, p->prime - 2, p->inv_m2, p->shift);
285 /* This function creates table with length slightly longer than given
286 source length. Created hash table is initiated as empty (all the
287 hash table entries are HTAB_EMPTY_ENTRY). The function returns the
288 created hash table, or NULL if memory allocation fails. */
291 htab_create_alloc (size_t size, htab_hash hash_f, htab_eq eq_f,
292 htab_del del_f, htab_alloc alloc_f, htab_free free_f)
294 return htab_create_typed_alloc (size, hash_f, eq_f, del_f, alloc_f, alloc_f,
298 /* As above, but uses the variants of ALLOC_F and FREE_F which accept
299 an extra argument. */
302 htab_create_alloc_ex (size_t size, htab_hash hash_f, htab_eq eq_f,
303 htab_del del_f, void *alloc_arg,
304 htab_alloc_with_arg alloc_f,
305 htab_free_with_arg free_f)
308 unsigned int size_prime_index;
310 size_prime_index = higher_prime_index (size);
311 size = prime_tab[size_prime_index].prime;
313 result = (htab_t) (*alloc_f) (alloc_arg, 1, sizeof (struct htab));
316 result->entries = (PTR *) (*alloc_f) (alloc_arg, size, sizeof (PTR));
317 if (result->entries == NULL)
320 (*free_f) (alloc_arg, result);
324 result->size_prime_index = size_prime_index;
325 result->hash_f = hash_f;
327 result->del_f = del_f;
328 result->alloc_arg = alloc_arg;
329 result->alloc_with_arg_f = alloc_f;
330 result->free_with_arg_f = free_f;
336 @deftypefn Supplemental htab_t htab_create_typed_alloc (size_t @var{size},
337 htab_hash @var{hash_f}, htab_eq @var{eq_f}, htab_del @var{del_f},
338 htab_alloc @var{alloc_tab_f}, htab_alloc @var{alloc_f},
339 htab_free @var{free_f})
341 This function creates a hash table that uses two different allocators
342 @var{alloc_tab_f} and @var{alloc_f} to use for allocating the table itself
343 and its entries respectively. This is useful when variables of different
344 types need to be allocated with different allocators.
346 The created hash table is slightly larger than @var{size} and it is
347 initially empty (all the hash table entries are @code{HTAB_EMPTY_ENTRY}).
348 The function returns the created hash table, or @code{NULL} if memory
356 htab_create_typed_alloc (size_t size, htab_hash hash_f, htab_eq eq_f,
357 htab_del del_f, htab_alloc alloc_tab_f,
358 htab_alloc alloc_f, htab_free free_f)
361 unsigned int size_prime_index;
363 size_prime_index = higher_prime_index (size);
364 size = prime_tab[size_prime_index].prime;
366 result = (htab_t) (*alloc_tab_f) (1, sizeof (struct htab));
369 result->entries = (PTR *) (*alloc_f) (size, sizeof (PTR));
370 if (result->entries == NULL)
377 result->size_prime_index = size_prime_index;
378 result->hash_f = hash_f;
380 result->del_f = del_f;
381 result->alloc_f = alloc_f;
382 result->free_f = free_f;
387 /* Update the function pointers and allocation parameter in the htab_t. */
390 htab_set_functions_ex (htab_t htab, htab_hash hash_f, htab_eq eq_f,
391 htab_del del_f, PTR alloc_arg,
392 htab_alloc_with_arg alloc_f, htab_free_with_arg free_f)
394 htab->hash_f = hash_f;
397 htab->alloc_arg = alloc_arg;
398 htab->alloc_with_arg_f = alloc_f;
399 htab->free_with_arg_f = free_f;
402 /* These functions exist solely for backward compatibility. */
406 htab_create (size_t size, htab_hash hash_f, htab_eq eq_f, htab_del del_f)
408 return htab_create_alloc (size, hash_f, eq_f, del_f, xcalloc, free);
412 htab_try_create (size_t size, htab_hash hash_f, htab_eq eq_f, htab_del del_f)
414 return htab_create_alloc (size, hash_f, eq_f, del_f, calloc, free);
417 /* This function frees all memory allocated for given hash table.
418 Naturally the hash table must already exist. */
421 htab_delete (htab_t htab)
423 size_t size = htab_size (htab);
424 PTR *entries = htab->entries;
428 for (i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--)
429 if (entries[i] != HTAB_EMPTY_ENTRY && entries[i] != HTAB_DELETED_ENTRY)
430 (*htab->del_f) (entries[i]);
432 if (htab->free_f != NULL)
434 (*htab->free_f) (entries);
435 (*htab->free_f) (htab);
437 else if (htab->free_with_arg_f != NULL)
439 (*htab->free_with_arg_f) (htab->alloc_arg, entries);
440 (*htab->free_with_arg_f) (htab->alloc_arg, htab);
444 /* This function clears all entries in the given hash table. */
447 htab_empty (htab_t htab)
449 size_t size = htab_size (htab);
450 PTR *entries = htab->entries;
454 for (i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--)
455 if (entries[i] != HTAB_EMPTY_ENTRY && entries[i] != HTAB_DELETED_ENTRY)
456 (*htab->del_f) (entries[i]);
458 /* Instead of clearing megabyte, downsize the table. */
459 if (size > 1024*1024 / sizeof (PTR))
461 int nindex = higher_prime_index (1024 / sizeof (PTR));
462 int nsize = prime_tab[nindex].prime;
464 if (htab->free_f != NULL)
465 (*htab->free_f) (htab->entries);
466 else if (htab->free_with_arg_f != NULL)
467 (*htab->free_with_arg_f) (htab->alloc_arg, htab->entries);
468 if (htab->alloc_with_arg_f != NULL)
469 htab->entries = (PTR *) (*htab->alloc_with_arg_f) (htab->alloc_arg, nsize,
472 htab->entries = (PTR *) (*htab->alloc_f) (nsize, sizeof (PTR *));
474 htab->size_prime_index = nindex;
477 memset (entries, 0, size * sizeof (PTR));
479 htab->n_elements = 0;
482 /* Similar to htab_find_slot, but without several unwanted side effects:
483 - Does not call htab->eq_f when it finds an existing entry.
484 - Does not change the count of elements/searches/collisions in the
486 This function also assumes there are no deleted entries in the table.
487 HASH is the hash value for the element to be inserted. */
490 find_empty_slot_for_expand (htab_t htab, hashval_t hash)
492 hashval_t index = htab_mod (hash, htab);
493 size_t size = htab_size (htab);
494 PTR *slot = htab->entries + index;
497 if (*slot == HTAB_EMPTY_ENTRY)
499 else if (*slot == HTAB_DELETED_ENTRY)
502 hash2 = htab_mod_m2 (hash, htab);
509 slot = htab->entries + index;
510 if (*slot == HTAB_EMPTY_ENTRY)
512 else if (*slot == HTAB_DELETED_ENTRY)
517 /* The following function changes size of memory allocated for the
518 entries and repeatedly inserts the table elements. The occupancy
519 of the table after the call will be about 50%. Naturally the hash
520 table must already exist. Remember also that the place of the
521 table entries is changed. If memory allocation failures are allowed,
522 this function will return zero, indicating that the table could not be
523 expanded. If all goes well, it will return a non-zero value. */
526 htab_expand (htab_t htab)
532 size_t nsize, osize, elts;
533 unsigned int oindex, nindex;
535 oentries = htab->entries;
536 oindex = htab->size_prime_index;
538 olimit = oentries + osize;
539 elts = htab_elements (htab);
541 /* Resize only when table after removal of unused elements is either
542 too full or too empty. */
543 if (elts * 2 > osize || (elts * 8 < osize && osize > 32))
545 nindex = higher_prime_index (elts * 2);
546 nsize = prime_tab[nindex].prime;
554 if (htab->alloc_with_arg_f != NULL)
555 nentries = (PTR *) (*htab->alloc_with_arg_f) (htab->alloc_arg, nsize,
558 nentries = (PTR *) (*htab->alloc_f) (nsize, sizeof (PTR *));
559 if (nentries == NULL)
561 htab->entries = nentries;
563 htab->size_prime_index = nindex;
564 htab->n_elements -= htab->n_deleted;
572 if (x != HTAB_EMPTY_ENTRY && x != HTAB_DELETED_ENTRY)
574 PTR *q = find_empty_slot_for_expand (htab, (*htab->hash_f) (x));
583 if (htab->free_f != NULL)
584 (*htab->free_f) (oentries);
585 else if (htab->free_with_arg_f != NULL)
586 (*htab->free_with_arg_f) (htab->alloc_arg, oentries);
590 /* This function searches for a hash table entry equal to the given
591 element. It cannot be used to insert or delete an element. */
594 htab_find_with_hash (htab_t htab, const PTR element, hashval_t hash)
596 hashval_t index, hash2;
601 size = htab_size (htab);
602 index = htab_mod (hash, htab);
604 entry = htab->entries[index];
605 if (entry == HTAB_EMPTY_ENTRY
606 || (entry != HTAB_DELETED_ENTRY && (*htab->eq_f) (entry, element)))
609 hash2 = htab_mod_m2 (hash, htab);
617 entry = htab->entries[index];
618 if (entry == HTAB_EMPTY_ENTRY
619 || (entry != HTAB_DELETED_ENTRY && (*htab->eq_f) (entry, element)))
624 /* Like htab_find_slot_with_hash, but compute the hash value from the
628 htab_find (htab_t htab, const PTR element)
630 return htab_find_with_hash (htab, element, (*htab->hash_f) (element));
633 /* This function searches for a hash table slot containing an entry
634 equal to the given element. To delete an entry, call this with
635 insert=NO_INSERT, then call htab_clear_slot on the slot returned
636 (possibly after doing some checks). To insert an entry, call this
637 with insert=INSERT, then write the value you want into the returned
638 slot. When inserting an entry, NULL may be returned if memory
642 htab_find_slot_with_hash (htab_t htab, const PTR element,
643 hashval_t hash, enum insert_option insert)
645 PTR *first_deleted_slot;
646 hashval_t index, hash2;
650 size = htab_size (htab);
651 if (insert == INSERT && size * 3 <= htab->n_elements * 4)
653 if (htab_expand (htab) == 0)
655 size = htab_size (htab);
658 index = htab_mod (hash, htab);
661 first_deleted_slot = NULL;
663 entry = htab->entries[index];
664 if (entry == HTAB_EMPTY_ENTRY)
666 else if (entry == HTAB_DELETED_ENTRY)
667 first_deleted_slot = &htab->entries[index];
668 else if ((*htab->eq_f) (entry, element))
669 return &htab->entries[index];
671 hash2 = htab_mod_m2 (hash, htab);
679 entry = htab->entries[index];
680 if (entry == HTAB_EMPTY_ENTRY)
682 else if (entry == HTAB_DELETED_ENTRY)
684 if (!first_deleted_slot)
685 first_deleted_slot = &htab->entries[index];
687 else if ((*htab->eq_f) (entry, element))
688 return &htab->entries[index];
692 if (insert == NO_INSERT)
695 if (first_deleted_slot)
698 *first_deleted_slot = HTAB_EMPTY_ENTRY;
699 return first_deleted_slot;
703 return &htab->entries[index];
706 /* Like htab_find_slot_with_hash, but compute the hash value from the
710 htab_find_slot (htab_t htab, const PTR element, enum insert_option insert)
712 return htab_find_slot_with_hash (htab, element, (*htab->hash_f) (element),
716 /* This function deletes an element with the given value from hash
717 table (the hash is computed from the element). If there is no matching
718 element in the hash table, this function does nothing. */
721 htab_remove_elt (htab_t htab, PTR element)
723 htab_remove_elt_with_hash (htab, element, (*htab->hash_f) (element));
727 /* This function deletes an element with the given value from hash
728 table. If there is no matching element in the hash table, this
729 function does nothing. */
732 htab_remove_elt_with_hash (htab_t htab, PTR element, hashval_t hash)
736 slot = htab_find_slot_with_hash (htab, element, hash, NO_INSERT);
737 if (*slot == HTAB_EMPTY_ENTRY)
741 (*htab->del_f) (*slot);
743 *slot = HTAB_DELETED_ENTRY;
747 /* This function clears a specified slot in a hash table. It is
748 useful when you've already done the lookup and don't want to do it
752 htab_clear_slot (htab_t htab, PTR *slot)
754 if (slot < htab->entries || slot >= htab->entries + htab_size (htab)
755 || *slot == HTAB_EMPTY_ENTRY || *slot == HTAB_DELETED_ENTRY)
759 (*htab->del_f) (*slot);
761 *slot = HTAB_DELETED_ENTRY;
765 /* This function scans over the entire hash table calling
766 CALLBACK for each live entry. If CALLBACK returns false,
767 the iteration stops. INFO is passed as CALLBACK's second
771 htab_traverse_noresize (htab_t htab, htab_trav callback, PTR info)
776 slot = htab->entries;
777 limit = slot + htab_size (htab);
783 if (x != HTAB_EMPTY_ENTRY && x != HTAB_DELETED_ENTRY)
784 if (!(*callback) (slot, info))
787 while (++slot < limit);
790 /* Like htab_traverse_noresize, but does resize the table when it is
791 too empty to improve effectivity of subsequent calls. */
794 htab_traverse (htab_t htab, htab_trav callback, PTR info)
796 size_t size = htab_size (htab);
797 if (htab_elements (htab) * 8 < size && size > 32)
800 htab_traverse_noresize (htab, callback, info);
803 /* Return the fraction of fixed collisions during all work with given
807 htab_collisions (htab_t htab)
809 if (htab->searches == 0)
812 return (double) htab->collisions / (double) htab->searches;
815 /* Hash P as a null-terminated string.
817 Copied from gcc/hashtable.c. Zack had the following to say with respect
818 to applicability, though note that unlike hashtable.c, this hash table
819 implementation re-hashes rather than chain buckets.
821 http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2001-08/msg01021.html
822 From: Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
823 Date: Fri, 17 Aug 2001 02:15:56 -0400
825 I got it by extracting all the identifiers from all the source code
826 I had lying around in mid-1999, and testing many recurrences of
827 the form "H_n = H_{n-1} * K + c_n * L + M" where K, L, M were either
828 prime numbers or the appropriate identity. This was the best one.
829 I don't remember exactly what constituted "best", except I was
830 looking at bucket-length distributions mostly.
832 So it should be very good at hashing identifiers, but might not be
833 as good at arbitrary strings.
835 I'll add that it thoroughly trounces the hash functions recommended
836 for this use at http://burtleburtle.net/bob/hash/index.html, both
837 on speed and bucket distribution. I haven't tried it against the
838 function they just started using for Perl's hashes. */
841 htab_hash_string (const PTR p)
843 const unsigned char *str = (const unsigned char *) p;
847 while ((c = *str++) != 0)
848 r = r * 67 + c - 113;
854 --------------------------------------------------------------------
855 lookup2.c, by Bob Jenkins, December 1996, Public Domain.
856 hash(), hash2(), hash3, and mix() are externally useful functions.
857 Routines to test the hash are included if SELF_TEST is defined.
858 You can use this free for any purpose. It has no warranty.
859 --------------------------------------------------------------------
863 --------------------------------------------------------------------
864 mix -- mix 3 32-bit values reversibly.
865 For every delta with one or two bit set, and the deltas of all three
866 high bits or all three low bits, whether the original value of a,b,c
867 is almost all zero or is uniformly distributed,
868 * If mix() is run forward or backward, at least 32 bits in a,b,c
869 have at least 1/4 probability of changing.
870 * If mix() is run forward, every bit of c will change between 1/3 and
871 2/3 of the time. (Well, 22/100 and 78/100 for some 2-bit deltas.)
872 mix() was built out of 36 single-cycle latency instructions in a
873 structure that could supported 2x parallelism, like so:
881 Unfortunately, superscalar Pentiums and Sparcs can't take advantage
882 of that parallelism. They've also turned some of those single-cycle
883 latency instructions into multi-cycle latency instructions. Still,
884 this is the fastest good hash I could find. There were about 2^^68
885 to choose from. I only looked at a billion or so.
886 --------------------------------------------------------------------
888 /* same, but slower, works on systems that might have 8 byte hashval_t's */
891 a -= b; a -= c; a ^= (c>>13); \
892 b -= c; b -= a; b ^= (a<< 8); \
893 c -= a; c -= b; c ^= ((b&0xffffffff)>>13); \
894 a -= b; a -= c; a ^= ((c&0xffffffff)>>12); \
895 b -= c; b -= a; b = (b ^ (a<<16)) & 0xffffffff; \
896 c -= a; c -= b; c = (c ^ (b>> 5)) & 0xffffffff; \
897 a -= b; a -= c; a = (a ^ (c>> 3)) & 0xffffffff; \
898 b -= c; b -= a; b = (b ^ (a<<10)) & 0xffffffff; \
899 c -= a; c -= b; c = (c ^ (b>>15)) & 0xffffffff; \
903 --------------------------------------------------------------------
904 hash() -- hash a variable-length key into a 32-bit value
905 k : the key (the unaligned variable-length array of bytes)
906 len : the length of the key, counting by bytes
907 level : can be any 4-byte value
908 Returns a 32-bit value. Every bit of the key affects every bit of
909 the return value. Every 1-bit and 2-bit delta achieves avalanche.
910 About 36+6len instructions.
912 The best hash table sizes are powers of 2. There is no need to do
913 mod a prime (mod is sooo slow!). If you need less than 32 bits,
914 use a bitmask. For example, if you need only 10 bits, do
915 h = (h & hashmask(10));
916 In which case, the hash table should have hashsize(10) elements.
918 If you are hashing n strings (ub1 **)k, do it like this:
919 for (i=0, h=0; i<n; ++i) h = hash( k[i], len[i], h);
921 By Bob Jenkins, 1996. bob_jenkins@burtleburtle.net. You may use this
922 code any way you wish, private, educational, or commercial. It's free.
924 See http://burtleburtle.net/bob/hash/evahash.html
925 Use for hash table lookup, or anything where one collision in 2^32 is
926 acceptable. Do NOT use for cryptographic purposes.
927 --------------------------------------------------------------------
931 iterative_hash (const PTR k_in /* the key */,
932 register size_t length /* the length of the key */,
933 register hashval_t initval /* the previous hash, or
934 an arbitrary value */)
936 register const unsigned char *k = (const unsigned char *)k_in;
937 register hashval_t a,b,c,len;
939 /* Set up the internal state */
941 a = b = 0x9e3779b9; /* the golden ratio; an arbitrary value */
942 c = initval; /* the previous hash value */
944 /*---------------------------------------- handle most of the key */
945 #ifndef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
946 /* On a little-endian machine, if the data is 4-byte aligned we can hash
947 by word for better speed. This gives nondeterministic results on
948 big-endian machines. */
949 if (sizeof (hashval_t) == 4 && (((size_t)k)&3) == 0)
950 while (len >= 12) /* aligned */
952 a += *(hashval_t *)(k+0);
953 b += *(hashval_t *)(k+4);
954 c += *(hashval_t *)(k+8);
962 a += (k[0] +((hashval_t)k[1]<<8) +((hashval_t)k[2]<<16) +((hashval_t)k[3]<<24));
963 b += (k[4] +((hashval_t)k[5]<<8) +((hashval_t)k[6]<<16) +((hashval_t)k[7]<<24));
964 c += (k[8] +((hashval_t)k[9]<<8) +((hashval_t)k[10]<<16)+((hashval_t)k[11]<<24));
969 /*------------------------------------- handle the last 11 bytes */
971 switch(len) /* all the case statements fall through */
973 case 11: c+=((hashval_t)k[10]<<24);
974 case 10: c+=((hashval_t)k[9]<<16);
975 case 9 : c+=((hashval_t)k[8]<<8);
976 /* the first byte of c is reserved for the length */
977 case 8 : b+=((hashval_t)k[7]<<24);
978 case 7 : b+=((hashval_t)k[6]<<16);
979 case 6 : b+=((hashval_t)k[5]<<8);
981 case 4 : a+=((hashval_t)k[3]<<24);
982 case 3 : a+=((hashval_t)k[2]<<16);
983 case 2 : a+=((hashval_t)k[1]<<8);
985 /* case 0: nothing left to add */
988 /*-------------------------------------------- report the result */